高中北师大版 (2019)Lesson 1 Roots and Shoots说课课件ppt

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这是一份高中北师大版 (2019)Lesson 1 Roots and Shoots说课课件ppt，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了双基夯实·课前排查，学习目标，核心突破·要点讲解，开放课堂·自修自读，夯实基础·一遍落实等内容，欢迎下载使用。

单词巧练　写准记牢Ⅰ.核心单词练习：请根据所给的词性和词义写出单词1．________adj. 担心的；烦恼的2．________adj. 坚实的；稳固的3．________n. 基础；地基4．________vt. 参与；包含
Ⅱ.常用单词练习：根据句意和所给的首字母或中文提示写出符合句中单词的正确形式1．I visited a number f research i________ in Asia.2．Bake the cakes until they are f________ t the tuch.3．The builders are nw beginning t lay the ________ (地基) f the new schl.4．He had a ________ (砖) thrwn at him at that meeting.5．He was ________ (参与) in a heated argument.6．Even if yu plant the seed upside dwn, the r________ will still grw dwn.7．Tw weeks after we'd planted the seeds, little green s________ started t appear.8．He's very b________ abut what peple think f him.
institutes　
►第一版块：重点单词1.rt n．树根；根源；起因；(某人的)祖籍，根　v．生根；翻找，搜寻(教材P31)Rts & Shts根与芽[用法归纳]tree rts 树根have ne's rts in sth. 源于g back t ne's rts 找到……的根put dwn rts (植物)生根；定居take rt in (植物)生根；扎根；……被接受；深入人心rt arund/abut 翻找rt ut 消除；根除；杜绝rt up 将(植物)连根拔起be rted t the spt/grund/flr (因害怕、惊吓、震惊等)呆若木鸡；不能动弹
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子①But thugh he was rted ____ his past, he wasn't stuck there.②After his parents left the wrld, Peter felt ________ (rt).③Early frms f cake were simply a kind f bread, s this traditin _____________ (起源于) the custm f sharing bread.④S hw can yu cme up with brilliant daydreams and avid falling ver _________ (树根) r therwise lking like a fl?⑤He ___________________ (找到他的根) and rediscvered the beauty in Chinese flk music.
has its rts in
went back t his rts
词语拓展：rted adj.根源的；起源的；根深蒂固的rtless adj.无家可归的；无所归属的
2.sht v. (sht, sht)射中；射击；发射　n．芽；苗；嫩枝(教材P31)Rts & Shts根与芽[合作探究]体会sht的用法和意义Tw weeks after we'd planted the seeds, little green shts started t appear.我们播种后两周，绿色的小嫩芽就开始长出了。The hunter tk a sht at the deer in the distance.猎手向远处的那头鹿开了枪。The new sldier sht at the target, but missed it again.这个新兵向靶子射击，但又没有射中。
[用法归纳]sht at 向……射击(表示动作，不一定射中)sht sb. dead 开枪打死某人sht up 猛涨；快速增长；突然出现sht ut 从里面射出；突然出击；迅速长出sht sb. in the head/back/leg 射中某人的头部/背部/腿部sht sb. 击中某人sht sb./sth. dwn 将某人/某物击落
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子/翻译句子①One f her cusins ________ (sht) dead nly a few streets away frm where she lived.②The hunter sht ____ the deer, but he didn't sht it.③The murderer _____ (sht) the man in the back and stle the diamnd frm his suitcase.④I tk ____ sht at the beautiful scenery in the desert.⑤After last week's rain, the weeds have ________ (迅速生长).⑥David _________________ (试着) cming clse t the injured wlf.⑦这株植物的芽很嫩，所以你应该把它放在阴凉处。_________________________________________________________
gave/had a sht at
The shts f the plant are tender, s yu shuld put it in the shade.
词语拓展：sht n．射击；发射；投球；击球；镜头；画面；机会；尝试take/fire a sht开枪，射击；投球；拍照give/have a sht at sth.尝试
易错提醒：注意：“sht sb. in＋the＋身体部位”中，身体部位名词前用the。sht at sb.向某人射击(不一定射中)；sht sb.打中某人。sht sb. dead开枪打死某人，dead是形容词作宾语补足语。＝sht sb. in the＋部位＝sht sb.'s＋部位如：sht him in the head＝sht his head打中他的头部
3.bthered adj. 担心的；烦恼的(教材P31)Well, say yu leave the tap running while yu brush yur teeth, leave a light n when yu g ut r yu drp a piece f litter and can't be bthered t pick it up.例如，你刷牙的时候让水哗哗地流，外出的时候不关灯，或者掉了一块垃圾却懒得捡起来。[合作探究]体会bther的用法和意义Dn't bther t get dinner fr me.请不必费事为我做饭了。I'm srry that I have t bther yu with/abut this prblem.对不起，我要用这个问题来麻烦你了。
[用法归纳]bther abut 担心；麻烦bther sb. with sth. 拿某事来烦扰某人bther t d/ding sth. 花时间/精力做某事can nt be bthered t d sth. 懒得做某事be bthered abut sb./sth. 关心某人或某事Why bther? 何必那么麻烦？Dn't bther. 不用麻烦了。
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子/翻译句子①Smetimes I act as a listening ear fr fellw students t talk ver what __________ (bther) them.②Please dn't bther ___________ _ (buy) me an air ticket. I've gt ne.③Must yu bther me _____ such silly jkes?④____________ (何必那么麻烦)? We can stay at hme and watch films nline.⑤The famus mvie star culd hardly walk dwn the street withut _____________ (没有被打扰).⑥我懒得向他解释为什么参加聚会迟到了。______________________________________________________
is bthering
buying/t buy
being bthered
I culdn't be bthered t explain why I was late fr the party.
词语拓展：bther v．打扰；烦扰；麻烦bthersme adj.令人烦恼的；麻烦的；讨厌的名师提示：say在句中的意思是“假定，比如说”之意，如：①Let's take any writer, say Dickens.咱们随便拿个作家为例，比方说狄更斯。这里say＝fr example例如。②Say yu have an accident, wh wuld lk after yu？假如你出了事故，谁来照顾你呢？这里say＝if/suppse。
4.firm adj.坚实的；稳固的；确定的；坚定的；严格的，严厉的　n．公司；商行；事务所(教材P31)The rganisatin is called Rts & Shts because rts mve slwly under the grund t make a firm fundatin, and shts seem small and weak, but they can break pen brick walls t reach the light.这个组织取名“根与芽”，取意根部在地下缓慢延伸以形成坚实的基础，而芽看起来又小又弱，却可以向着光明冲破砖墙的阻挡。
[用法归纳]firm beliefs 坚定的信仰a firm believer 坚信者firm evidence 可靠的证据hld a firm belief 拥有坚定的信念be firm with sb. 对某人严厉take firm actin 采取严厉行动a firm hand 强硬手段；铁腕政策firm sth. up 使变得结实，稳固
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子①I ________ (firm) believe that we must act at nce t put an end t the cnflict.②His cmpany is very big and has cnnectins with a lt f American ________ (firm).③My mther _______________ (拥有坚定的信念) that educatin can change ne's fate.④If the lcal gvernment ________________ (采取严厉行动) at nce, things will becme better sn.⑤His father ___________ (对……严厉) Jacksn, s they dn't get alng well with each ther.⑥Exercise can firm ____ yur muscles.
hlds a firm belief
takes firm actin
is firm with
词语拓展：1．firm→firmly adv.坚信地；坚决地2．fund vt.建立，创建，创立fund sth. n sth.＝base sth. n sth.将一事物建立在另一事物的基础上/以……作为……的基础
e．g. a nvel funded n fact根据事实写成的小说3．fundatin n．创立，创办，建立；基金/基金会；基础make a fundatin打基础lay the fundatins f a building给建筑物奠基
5.fundatin n．基础；基地[用法归纳]lay a (firm/slid) fundatin fr 为……打下(坚实的)基础fund sth. n sth.＝base sth. n sth. 把……建立在……的基础上be funded n... 建立在……的基础上
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/翻译句子①Early study laid a firm ________ (fund) fr his research.②The business, ________ (fund) by Mr Smith, has suffered a great lss.③She plans t start a ________ (fund) fr hmeless children and wants t build a cmmunity centre in Waterhuse.④严格的训练为他的成功奠定了坚实的基础。________________________________________________________
The strict training laid a firm fundatin fr his success.
词语拓展：fund vt.创建；创办；建立，创立funder n．创办者，发起人易混提醒：find vt.找到，发现→fund→fundfund vt.创建；建立→funded→fundedfinding n．(复数)findings (调查)发现 (调查)结果fundatin n．基础，基地
6.invlve vt.参与；包含；需要；牵涉，涉及；专心于(教材P31)It is by acting tgether, in this exciting way, that we can invlve thusands—millins—f peple, and this is what is ging t change the wrld.正是通过这种令人激动的方式共同行动起来，我们可以让成百上千、甚至千百万人参与其中，这将改变世界。[合作探究]体会invlve的用法和意义Dn't invlve me in yur quarrel！不要把我牵扯进你们的争吵中！He was invlved in reading the nvel all mrning.他整个早上都在专心读小说。Nbdy in my life really wants t be invlved with me.在我的生命中，没有一个人真正想融入我的生活。
[用法归纳]invlve ding sth. 包含/需要做某事invlve sb. in sth. 把某人牵涉(或牵扯)到某事里be/get invlved in/with 参加，参与；与……有关be invlved with 与……关系密切
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子①N matter what yu like t d, there is a way t get ________ (invlve) in varius activities n Earth Day.②Michelle fund a jb as a high schl teacher which ________ (invlve) spending quite a lt f time with students.③Running yur wn business usually invlves ________ (wrk) lng hurs.④Yu'd better nt be invlved ________ Peter, wh is addicted t taking drugs.⑤We didn't realise hw much wrk ____________ (invlve) in rganising a wedding.⑥I dn't want t ________________ (卷入) the quarrel between Tm and Jack.⑦Try t _________________________________ (让尽可能多的孩子参与) the game.
was invlved
be/get invlved in
invlve as many children as pssible in
词语拓展：invlved adj.参与的；有关联的；复杂难懂的invlvement n．参与；卷入；牵连；投入；沉迷易错提醒：invlved作前置定语和后置定语时意义不同：the peple invlved所涉及的人an invlved plt复杂的情节
知识拓展：①dzen, scre, hundred, thusand, millin等表示数量的词在表示具体数量时可直接后加名词复数形式。如：a dzen bks一打书；a scre (f) bks二十本书；tw hundred desks二百张课桌；five millin dllars五百万美元②在表示几十，许多，数以百计，数以千计或数以百万计之意思时则用“dzens f＋名词复数”，“scres f＋名词复数”，“millins f＋名词复数”，“hundreds f＋名词复数”，“thusands f＋名词复数”等形式。如：scres f peple许多人；thusands f students数以千计的学生但注意“several hundred peple几百名人”等表达方式。
►第二版块：重点短语1.suffer frm(身体或精神上)遭受……(痛苦)(教材P31)Mst peple suffer frm what is knwn as “Justmeism”．很多人都有所谓的“就我一个”问题。[用法归纳]suffer pain/hardship 经历痛苦/困难suffer a defeat/a lss/damage/punishment 遭受失败/损失/损害/惩罚suffer frm a bad back 背疼suffer frm a bad cld 患重感冒suffer frm ill health 身体不好suffer frm a headache/tthache 头疼/牙疼
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子/翻译句子①With n rain fr ver a year, the city is suffering ________ unusually ht weather.②Yu always turned a deaf ear t ur advice, s yu deserve the ________ (suffer) nw.③The lss f big trees was greatest in areas where trees _____________ (已经遭受) the greatest water shrtage.④他的公司遭受了重大损失。____________________________________________________⑤汤姆头痛，所以我建议他去看医生。______________________________________________________
had suffered
His cmpany suffered great lsses.　
Tm suffered frm a headache, s I suggested that he shuld see a dctr.
词语拓展：sufferer n．受害者；患者suffering n．痛苦；疼痛；苦难
2.s what那又怎样(教材P31)Yu knw that all thse things are wrng, but s what?你知道这些都是不对的，但那又怎么样？[用法归纳]What 如果……怎么办？What fr? 为什么？Why me? 为什么是我？Why nt? 为什么不呢？Hw cme? 怎么会呢？Wh cares? (常用于无礼地表示)管它呢，谁管呢？
[即学即练]　完成句子①—Mrs Brwn will be unhappy if yu dn't g t the gettgether.—_________ (那又怎样)? I hate being with her.②—Jim, can yu wrk this Sunday?—________ (为什么是我)? I've been wrking fr tw weeks n end.③—Michael was late fr Mr Smith's chemistry class this mrning.—__________ (怎么会呢)? As far as I knw, he never came late t class.④_________ (如果……怎么办) they talked a lng time abut a painting yu weren't that interested in?⑤________________ ging t the mvies this evening?
What/Hw abut
名师提示：这些省略句都是经过长期发展、约定俗成的口语省略结构。很少有人关注其省略的成分。(1)pssible/necessary与if, when, where, whenever, wherever连用总是省略it is(2) pssible尽可能……(3)if nly往往省略虚拟句，表示“要是……就好了”。(4)what if/thugh要是/即使……怎么办/样(5)what/hw abut...？……如何/怎样？(提出建议或征求对方意见)(6)why/why nt d...？为什么不这样做呢？
3.take actin采取行动(教材P31)T inspire yung peple t take actin fr the envirnment, animals and their cmmunity, Rts & Shts was established.为了激励年轻人行动起来保护环境、动物和社区，“根与芽”诞生了。[合作探究]体会take actin的用法和意义They tk a risk in driving n, in spite f the strm.尽管有暴风雨，他们还是冒险驾车赶路。The new law takes effect frm tmrrw.新法律从明天起生效。We shuld take measures/steps t keep air and water clean.我们应该采取措施保持空气和水的清洁。
[用法归纳]take actin against 采取行动反对take actin t d sth. 采取行动做某事take measures t d sth. 采取措施做某事take steps t d sth. 采取行动做某事in actin 在运转；在活动中int actin 实施；实行ut f actin 停止运转；失去效用；不能工作
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/翻译句子/完成句子①It's time t take actin ________ the rising crime rate in ur city.②The lcal gvernment has taken ________ (act) t imprve air quality.③We shuld take actin ________ (prtect) thse endangered species.④联合国呼吁所有国家立即采取行动。__________________________________________________________⑤I wuld like t see the new car _________. (运转)⑥I am afraid the cmputer is ____________. (停止运转)
The United Natins calls n all the natins t take actin immediately.
知识拓展：measure的用法：1．v.量；测量；测量起来是We measured the distance.我们测量这段距离。The rwingbat measures 20 feet.这划艇长20英尺。2．vt.衡量，判定It's hard t measure his ability when we haven't seen his wrks.没有见过他的作品，很难衡量他的能力。
3．n.步骤；办法take measures t d sth.采取措施做某事safety measures安全措施4．n.尺寸，尺码，标准make a cat fr sb. t sb.'s measure依照某人的尺寸为某人做件上衣
4.set up建立；创办(教材P31)This institute was set up in the early 1990s by Dr. Jane Gdall...这个组织于20世纪90年代初由珍·古道尔博士创立……[用法归纳]set abut ding sth. 开始/着手做某事set ut t d sth. 开始/着手做某事set aside 把……放到一旁；留出(钱或时间)set dwn 记下，写下；制定；放下set ff 动身，出发；引发，激起set ut (fr) 出发(去)，动身(去)set fire t sth.＝set sth. n fire 点燃set sb. free 释放某人set an example t/fr 为……树立榜样
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子①With the help f his uncle, Peter set ________ a cmpany f his wn.②If we had set ________ her address, we wuldn't have had difficulty finding her huse.③We need t set ________ finding a way t deal with the prblem.④They succeeded in what they set ________ t d.⑤He decided t set ____ a schl fr the pr children frm the muntain villages.⑥She sets ________ a bit f mney every mnth fr the future use.
⑦Ralph W. Emersn wuld always _________ (记录) new ideas that ccurred t him.⑧Armed with the infrmatin yu have gathered, yu can __________ (开始) preparing yur business plan.⑨Alice is a very nice girl and ready t help thers. She has __________________ (为……树立榜样) us and we shuld learn frm her.⑩One afternn the sailrs _________ (出发) frm the cast in a small bat and were caught in a strm.⑪Lang Lang Internatinal Music Fundatin, _____ (被成立) ver 10 years ag, has raised millins f dllars t supprt yung musicians.
set an example t/fr
一言助记：The fisherman was set free. He set dwn his suitcase, set up a tent and set fire t sme wd t get warm. After he had set a date fr ging hme, he set abut preparing t set ut next week.渔夫被释放了。他放下行李箱，搭了个帐篷，烧了一些木头取暖。在确定了回家的日期之后，他开始做准备下周出发。
名师点拨：set abut ding sth.中的abut在短语中是介词，故abut后应用动名词作介词宾语。而set ut t d sth.中的ut是副词。所以后面不能用名词、代词和动名词，只能用不定式。
5.all arund the wrld全世界(教材P31)The rts and shts are yu, yur friends and yung peple all arund the wrld.根和芽就是你、你的朋友和世界各地的年轻人。[用法归纳]
[即学即练]　完成句子①In the last few years thusands f films have been prduced ___________________________________ (全世界).②The pst has since gained the attentin f scial media users ___________________________________ (全世界), receiving mre than 184，000 shares and 61，500 likes in just three days.
all ver/arund/thrughut/acrss the wrld
all arund/ver/thrughut/acrss the wrld
词义拓展：wrldthe wrld世界；全世界的人in the whle wrld全世界in the wrld ①在世界上，在全世界②到底，究竟(用在特殊疑问词的后面，用以加强语气。)如：①What in the wrld are yu ding？你到底在干什么？(＝n earth)②Wh in the wrld/n earth is ging t Shanghai？到底/究竟谁打算去上海？
6.make a difference (t)(对……)产生影响；(对……)有意义(教材P31)Every individual makes a difference.每个人都会产生影响。[用法归纳]make a big/great difference (t) (对……)产生很大的影响make n/little difference (t) (对……)无影响；没关系make sme difference (t) (对……)有些影响/关系/作用There is n difference between A and B A和B之间无差别A is different frm B A与B不同
[即学即练]　完成句子①Hannah is ne f many examples f yung peple wh _____________________ (正产生影响) in the wrld.②What she says will ___________________ (对……无影响) ur plan.③What we are ding nw will ________________________ (对……产生很大的影响) the children's future.
are making a difference
make n difference t
make a big/great difference t
知识拓展：“对……产生影响”的短语have an impact an influence nhave an effect nmake a difference t
7.have an effect n对……有影响；对……有效果(教材P32)Thse peple dn't think their actins such as leaving the tap running while brushing their teeth can have negative effects n the envirnment.那些人不认为他们的行为如刷牙的时候让水哗哗地流会对环境产生负面影响。[用法归纳]have a big/great/psitive/negative/prfund effect n... 对……有大的/积极的/消极的/深远的影响have n effect n 对……无影响have an influence/impact n 对……有影响
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子/翻译句子①The cnference has been held t discuss the effects f turism ________ the wildlife in this regin.②A happy hme envirnment has ____ gd effect n children's grwth.③The new timetable will cme ______ effect tmrrw.④It is hped that the behaviur will ____________________ (对……有积极的影响) the children.⑤Sandstrms usually ________________ (对……有坏的影响) peple's health.⑥老师的话对我产生了积极的影响，改变了我的生活态度。________________________________________________________________________
have a psitive effect n
have a bad effect n　
My teacher's wrds had a psitive effect n me and changed my attitude twards life.
知识拓展：(1)bring/put sth. int effect 使生效，实行，实施cme int effect 生效，开始实施take effect 开始起作用；生效，开始实施in effect 实际上，事实上(2)leave the tap running让水哗哗地流leave the child running abut让孩子四处乱跑leave the wrk undne使工作处于未完成状态leave the testpaper unfinished使试卷处于未完状态leave the pupils in the classrm把学生们丢在教室里不管了
►第三版块：重点句式1.make＋宾语＋宾补(教材P31)Hundreds and thusands f rts and shts can slve the prblems, change the wrld and make it a better place t live in.成千上万的根和芽能够解决问题，改变世界，使其更加宜居。[用法归纳]make it＋adj./n.＋t d sth. 使做某事成为……
[即学即练]　单句语法填空/翻译句子/完成句子①The bss made Martin ________ (wrk) lng hurs.②Bb made himself ________ (understand) t the waiter by using bdy language.③我们让汤姆当班长。_______________________________④他不停地说话，这让我发疯。________________________________⑤你能让这台旧机器运转吗？________________________________⑥They made ____________________ the pr villagers in hlidays.他们把假期帮助贫穷的村民当作一种荣耀。
We made Tm ur mnitr.
He kept talking, which made me mad.
Can yu make the ld machine wrk？
it an hnur t help
名师点拨：(1)make后不接现在分词作宾补；(2)make后作宾补的不定式不带t，变成被动语态时不定式要带t；(3)“make it＋adj./n.＋带t的不定式”中it是形式宾语，带t的不定式为真正的宾语。如：He made it a rule t help the leftbehind classmates with their hme wrk after schl.他把放学后帮助被落下的同学当作一条守规。
2.s that引导的目的状语从句(教材P32)Therefre, Rts and Shts hpes t invlve millins f yung peple in building a secure future s that we can live in peace with nature.因此，“根与芽”希望让数以百万计的年轻人参与建设一个安全的未来，以便我们能够与自然和平共处。[用法归纳]本句中s that引导目的状语从句。s that还可引导结果状语从句。(1)s that引导结果状语从句：从句时态表明动作已经发生，且从句中一般不用情态动词，可以用逗号与主句隔开。(2)s that引导目的状语从句：相当于in rder that，从句中常有will, wuld, can, culd, may, might等情态动词，表明动作尚未发生。
[即学即练]　写出句中s that的意思并指出s that引导什么状语从句/完成句子/翻译句子①Mrs Brwn raised her vice s__that all the students culd hear her clearly.____________________②Mrs Brwn raised her vice, s__that all the students heard her clearly.________________③Let's nt pick these peaches until this weekend _______ (以便) they can get sweet enugh t be eaten.④Tny gt up very early this mrning ________ (结果) he caught the first train t New Yrk.⑤他把自己的房子变成了一所学校，以便孩子们能受到教育。______________________________________________________________⑥南希没有为考试做准备，所以她没能通过考试。_____________________________________________________________
He turned his huse int a schl s that children culd get educatin.　
Nancy didn't prepare fr the test s that she failed t pass it.
名师提示： t d后跟结果状语；s as t d...后跟目的状语e．g.①He gt up s early this mrning as t arrive at schl first.今早晨他起床那么早结果第一个到达学校。②He gt up early this mrning s as t/in rder t arrive at schl first.他今天早晨起那么早，是为了第一个到达学校。③He gt up very early s that his parents culd see him an early bird.(主句和从句主语不一致)→He gt up very early every mrning s as fr his parents t be able t see him an early bird.他每天早晨都早起，以便让父母能看到他很勤奋。
3.It 强调结构(教材P31)It is by acting tgether, in this exciting way, that we can invlve thusands—millins f peple，...正是通过这种令人激动的方式我们能让数以千计、数百万计的人共同行动起来……[用法归纳]此句中包含It 强调句结构。该句型可以用于强调主语、宾语、状语等。强调人时，可以用wh代替that。(1)对主语进行强调：It is/was＋主语＋that/wh＋其他部分(2)对宾语进行强调：It is/was＋宾语＋that/wh＋其他部分(3)对状语进行强调：It is/was＋状语＋that＋其他部分
[即学即练]　完成句子①是他讲的话让我吃惊。____________________ surprised me.②正因为这本书对我很有用，我才要买它。___________________________________ I will buy it.③我们是骑自行车去公园的。It was ________ that we went t the park.④他昨天是在电视上看到王先生的。It was ________ that he saw Mr. Wang yesterday.
It was what he said that
It is because the bk is s useful fr me that
⑤是他昨天买了一束花。__________________ bught a bunch f flwers yesterday.⑥昨天她看见的人是我。___________________ she saw yesterday.⑦他是在10点过后回来的。_____________________ he came back.⑧是因为生病他才没有来。It was _______________ that he didn't cme.
It was he that/wh
It was me that/wh　
It was after ten 'clck that
because he was ill
名师点拨：(1)句型的强调句He didn't see me until I patted him n the shulder.直到我拍他的肩膀他才看到我。→It was nt until I patted him n the shulder that he saw me.观察此句可以看出，句型对时间状语从句的强调，需要把nt跟until...一起放在被强调部分，而that引出的其他成分不再用nt。
(2)强调句型的疑问形式①一般疑问句的强调句式是“Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/wh/whm＋其他部分？”如：Was it in the palace that the last emperr died?②特殊疑问句的强调句式是“特殊疑问词(疑问代词或疑问副词)＋is/was＋it＋that＋其他部分？”如：Wh was it that wrte these famus plays?Where was it that yu picked up the wallet？
4.it wuldn't matter if...如果……没关系[用法归纳] (1)matter vi. 有重大关系it desn't matter 没关系/不要紧What des it matter t yu? 这对你有什么关系呢？(2)it will nt matter if sb. des sth. 某人做某事不要紧(3)What's the matter with yu? 你怎么啦？
[即学即练]　翻译句子①毫无疑问她会考得很好。______________________________________________________②他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。______________________________________________________③下周那位科学家真的要给我们做报告吗？______________________________________________________④这是怎么发生的，对我来说就是一个谜。______________________________________________________⑤目前还不清楚，该路段何时可通行使用。______________________________________________________
It is certain/There is n dubt that she will d well in her exam.
It is still a prblem whether they will supprt us.
Is it true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week?
It is a mystery t me hw it all happened.
It has nt been made clear when the new rad is t be pened t traffic.
名师点拨：(1)此句型中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是if引导的从句。(2)注意：if引导的主语从句一般不放在句首，而是用it替代放在句首，然后把if从句置于句末。如：①What des it matter if we dn't wrk hard at English？如果我们不努力学习英语这又有什么关系呢？②It des matter much t us if we wrk hard at ur lessns at schl.在学校里努力学习功课对我们至关重要。(此句中des是对谓语动词的强调)
5.That's what...[用法归纳]what引导的从句放在连系动词后，作表语。可以引导表语从句的词语还有as if, because, that, whether, why...等。
[即学即练]　完成句子①我的想法是我们应该马上行动。My idea is ___________________ at nce.②问题是他是否诚实。The questin is __________________．③问题是我们如何找到他。The prblem is __________________．
that we shuld d it　
whether he is hnest
hw we can find him　
④那是我15岁时发生的事。That was __________________________．⑤那就是我不能同你一起去的原因。That's ______________________．⑥又不是你离开不回来了。It isn't ______________________frever.⑦那是因为我太爱你了。That's ___________________ t much.
what happened when I was fifteen
why I can't g with yu　
as if yu were ging away
because I lve yu
名师点拨：运用连接词时的注意事项：what, when, where等连接词有两种含义：一种表示疑问，一种表示陈述。表示陈述时，相当于the thing that, the time when, the place where，常译为“……的人、事、话”“……的时间”“……的地点”等。如：①This is where (the place where) we fund the interest.这就是我们发现的兴趣所在。②My tpic tday is what (＝the thing that) mst scientists are researching.我今天的话题就是大多数科学家正在研究的课题。③My questin is when yu will return.我的问题是你何时回来。(when表示疑问)
ROOTS① & SHOOTS②Mst peple suffer frm③ what is knwn as “Justmeism④”. 【1】 What is that? Well, say yu leave the tap running while yu brush yur teeth, leave a light n when yu g ut r yu drp a piece f litter and can't be bthered⑤ t pick it up⑥. Yu knw that all thse things are wrng, but s what? “What difference can it pssibly make？” yu say t yurself. “There are millins f peple in the wrld and I'm just me. Hw can it matter if I leave ne little tap running, ne little light n r leave a little piece f litter n the rad? 【2】 And anyway⑦， n ne will knw.” Of curse, it wuldn't matter if there were just a few peple in the wrld. But just think f⑧ all the millins f peple saying t themselves: “It desn't matter. It's just me. And, anyway, n ne knws.” Millins f gallns⑨ f water wuld be wasted; millins f lights wuld be left n; millins f pieces f litter wuld be drpped. And all f this wuld be very harmful.
【1】what引导宾语从句，并且what在从句中作主语。【2】if引导条件状语从句，在条件状语从句中，leave ne little tap running为“leave＋宾语＋宾补(现在分词)”结构。
T inspire yung peple t take actin⑩ fr the envirnment, animals and their cmmunity, Rts & Shts was established⑪. This institute⑫ was set up⑬ in the early 1990s by Dr. Jane Gdall, a scientist wh's the wrld's bestknwn expert n wild chimpanzees⑭. 【3】 In additin t⑮ her research, she has been whleheartedly cmmitted t⑯ envirnmental prtectin. The whle purpse f Rts & Shts is t educate yung peple, frm preschlers⑰ t university students, s they can help t build a future that is secure and live tgether in peace with⑱ nature. 【4】【3】a scientist是Dr. Jane Gdall的同位语；wh引导定语从句，修饰先行词a scientist。【4】这是s连接的并列句。不定式短语t educate...作表语；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a future。
[词语积累]①rt/ruːt/n.树根　v．翻找；搜寻；(使)生根rted adj.根源的；起源的②sht/ʃuːt/n.芽，苗；嫩枝　vt.射中；射击sht at朝……射击③suffer frm遭受④justmeism/'dʒəst mi 'ɪzəm/n.以自我为中心⑤bthered/'bɒðəd/adj.担心的；烦恼的nt be bthered t d sth.懒得做某事⑥pick up拾起；捡起⑦anyway adv.不管怎样⑧think f考虑；想起；想想⑨galln/'gælən/n.加仑⑩take actin采取行动take measures采取措施take steps采取措施
⑪establish vt.建立；创办⑫institute/'ɪnstɪtjuːt/n.机构；研究院⑬set up建立；创办⑭chimpanzee/ˌtʃɪmpæn'ziː/n．黑猩猩⑮in additin t除……之外in additin此外；而且⑯be cmmitted t致力于……(t是介词)cmmit v．保证；承诺；表达意见；投入⑰preschlers n．学龄前儿童⑱in peace with与……和平相处in peace和平地；祥和地⑲firm/fɜːm/adj.坚实的；稳固的firmly adv.坚定地；坚信地⑳fundatin/faʊn'deɪʃən/n.基础；地基fund v．建立；创办lay a firm fundatin打下坚实的基础
根(rt)与芽(sht)很多人都有所谓的“就我一个( Justmeism)”问题。这是什么意思呢？例如，你刷牙的时候让水哗哗地流，外出的时候不关灯，或者掉了一块垃圾却懒得(bther)捡起来。你知道这些都是不对的，但那又怎么样？“会有什么差别呢？”你对自己说，“世界上有数百万人，我不过是我自己。如果我不关一个小小的水龙头、一盏小小的灯或在路上掉了一小块垃圾，这会有什么问题？而且不管怎样，也没人会知道。”当然，如果世界上只有几个人，那就无所谓了。但试想要是数百万人都对自己说： “没关系。只有我一个。而且，不管怎样，也没人会知道。”那将会浪费数百万加仑(galln)的水，忘记关掉数百万的灯，掉下数百万块垃圾，而所有的这些将是非常有害的。
为了激励年轻人行动起来(take actin)保护环境、动物和社区，“根与芽”(Rts & Shts)诞生了。这个组织(institute)于20世纪90年代初由珍·古道尔博士创立，在野生黑猩猩(chimpanzee)研究领域，她是世界上最著名的专家。除了自己的科研，她一直全身心地投入环境保护事业。“根与芽”的目的是教育年轻人，从学龄前儿童到大学生，使他们能够为创造一个安全、与自然和平共处的未来而贡献力量。这个组织取名“根与芽”，取意根部在地下缓慢延伸以形成坚实的(firm)基础(fundatin)，而芽看起来又小又弱，却可以向着光明冲破砖(brick)墙的阻挡。根和芽就是你、你的朋友和世界各地(all arund the wrld)的年轻人。成千上万的根和芽能够解决问题，改变世界，使其更加宜居。
当你使一个悲伤的人破涕为笑，让一只狗摇(wag)尾巴，给一株干渴的植物浇水时，你觉得自己让世界变得更美好了吗？一个振作起来的人，一只快乐的狗，一株开花的植物和你。这就是“根与芽”的全部意义：重视每一个个体的价值和重要性，不管是人、动物，还是植物。珍·古道尔博士认为，最重要的是：“每一个个体都很重要。每一个个体都有自己的角色。每一个个体都能有所作为。”你可以选择：你想通过自己的生活，为了人类、动物和环境而让世界变得更美好吗？你想让“根与芽”植根于每个人的心中吗？你想成为命运共同体的一员吗？你不能缺席。正是通过这种令人激动的方式共同行动起来，我们可以让成百上千、甚至千百万人参与(invlve)其中，这将改变世界。——珍·古道尔
Ⅰ.背短语—记牢固：根据本课内容，写出下面汉语对应的英语短语1．除……以外(还) ____________2．致力于，献身于 _____________3．全世界 ________________4．使世界成为一个更好的地方 _______________________5．有影响 ________________6．因……受苦 ____________7．使……处于(某种状态) ___________8．懒得做某事 ____________________9．采取行动 _____________10．建立 _________
in additin t
be cmmitted t
all arund the wrld
make the wrld a better place
make a difference
can't be bthered t d sth.
Ⅱ.练句子：阅读本课时内容，翻译相关句子1．为了激励年轻人行动起来保护环境、动物和社区，“根与芽”(Rts & Shts)诞生了。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．除了自己的科研，她还一直全身心地投入环保事业。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．成千上万的根和芽能够解决问题，改变世界，使其更加宜居。______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
T inspire yung peple t take actin fr the envirnment, animals and their cmmunity, Rts & Shts was established.
In additin t her research, she has been whleheartedly cmmitted t envirnmental prtectin.
Hundreds and thusands f rts and shts can slve the prblems, change the wrld and make it a better place t live in.
4．这就是“根与芽”的全部意义：重视每一个个体的价值和重要性，不管是人、动物还是植物。_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．每一个个体都很重要。每一个个体都有自己的角色。每一个个体都能有所作为。_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6．很多人都有所谓的“就我一个(Justmeism)”问题。_________________________________________________________7．当然，如果世界上只有几个人，那就无所谓了。____________________________________________________________
That's what Rts & Shts is all abut: the value and imprtance f each individual—human, animal r plant.
Every individual matters. Every individual has a rle t play. Every individual makes a difference.
Mst peple suffer frm what is knwn as “Justmeism”．
Of curse, it wuldn't matter if there were just a few peple in the wrld.
Ⅲ.题组练习：根据语境和题目要求完成下列各题1．单句语法填空(1)The guards were rdered ________ (sht) n sight anyne trying t escape.(2)Several planes were sht _____ by enemy fire.(3)Their kids have sht ____ since I last saw them.(4)What are yu shting yur gun ____？(5)Tw weeks after we'd planted the seeds, little green ________ (sht) started t appear.
2．单句语法填空/完成句子(1)What ___ bther! We've missed the bus.(2)Did yu have ______ bther finding the huse?(3)Why bther _______ (g) abrad, when there are s many nice places here at hme?(4)草得剪一剪了，但我今天却懒得去做。The grass needs cutting but I _____________________ tday.(5)他其实可以把工作做好，可他往往嫌费事而不干。He culd prduce excellent wrk but usually he _______________．(6)别惦记我们。我们不久就和你们在一起了。Dn't _______________ us. We'll jin yu later.
can't be bthered t d it
can't be bthered
be bthered abut
3．完成句子(1)在问题扩散到其他地区之前，我们必须采取行动解决这个问题。We must _________ t deal with the prblem befre it spreads t ther areas.(2)我听说她是位高手，但是我从未实地见过。I've heard she's a wnderful player but I've never seen her __________．(3)拂晓时部队投入战斗。At daybreak the trps _______________．(4)这台机器出了故障。This machine is _______________．
went int actin
4．完成句子(1)这块湿地不够坚实，不能在上面走。This wet grund _________________ t walk n.(2)“我不想发狠心，”他以坚定的口吻说。“I dn't want t be unkind，” he said ______________．(3)锻炼身体能使肌肉结实。Exercise will _________ yur muscles.(4)他们做出了坚定的承诺支持我们。They _________________ t supprt us.
is nt firm enugh
in a firm vice
made a firm prmise
Ⅳ.单句语法填空(课时知识与高考真题)1．[2019·全国Ⅱ卷]Brn at an internatinal crane ________ (fund), Emma was raised by human caretakers.2．[2019·全国Ⅲ卷]Chinese mdels are the faces f beauty and fashin campaigns that sell dreams t wmen all ver ________ wrld.
答案与解析：fundatin　冠词an修饰名词，fund的名词是fundatin。句意：艾玛出生于国际鹤类基金会，是由人类看护人抚养长大的。
答案与解析：the　all ver the wrld是固定搭配，意为“全世界”。句意：中国模特儿是世界上向女性出售梦想的美容和时尚运动的代言人。
3．[2018·江苏卷]Hwever, the research—________ (invlve) eight grups f 32 children aged 8 t 12—suggested that as they headed twards their teens, they became increasingly anxius nline.4．[2018·全国Ⅰ卷]They require a bigger cmmitment than smaller nes, and they have a mre pwerful effect ________ the feeling f a space.
答案与解析：invlving　the research与invlve之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。句意：然而，这项由32名8至12岁的儿童组成的8个小组的研究表明，当他们走向青少年时，他们在网上变得越来越焦虑。
答案与解析：n　have an effect n是固定搭配，意为“对……有影响”。句意：相比小规模物品，他们需要更大的投入，并且这些家具对空间感的影响更大。
5．[2019·江苏卷]The questin, hwever, is whether this is ________ the develping cuntries need the mst.6．[2017·天津卷]It was when I gt back t my apartment ________ I first came acrss my new neighbrs.
答案与解析：what　is后是表语从句，从句中need后缺宾语，故用what。句意：然而，问题是，这是否是发展中国家最需要的东西。
答案与解析：that　本句是强调句，强调的是when引导的时间状语从句。句意：正是当我回到公寓时，我第一次偶然遇见了我的新邻居们。
7．[2019·北京卷]Why can't I make a healthy candy that's gd fr my teeth s ________ my parents can't say n t it?8．[2019·天津卷]I ften fund myself telling my mum t drive mre slwly, ________ that I culd read all f the rad signs we passed.
答案与解析：that　本句是s that引导的目的状语从句。句意：为什么我不能做一种有益于牙齿的健康糖果，这样我的父母就不会不让我吃了？
答案与解析：s　本句是s that引导的目的状语从句。句意：我经常让自己告诉妈妈要开得更慢，这样我就能读我们走过的所有路标。
9．[福建卷]It was the culture, rather than the language, ________ made it hard fr him t adapt t the new envirnment abrad.10．[湖南卷]It's nt ding the things we like, but liking the things we have t d ________ makes life happy.
答案与解析：that　本句是强调句，强调的是句子的主语。句意：是文化而不是语言使他难以适应国外的新环境。
答案与解析：that　本句是强调句，强调的是句子的主语。句意：让生活快乐的不是做我们喜欢的事情，而是喜欢那些我们必须做的事情。
11．[湖南卷]When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an aplgetic smile, she std ________ (rt) t the grund, wndering whether t stay r leave.12．[2016·全国Ⅰ卷]One mre lk and he nticed flames ________ (sht) ut frm under the disabled vehicle.
答案与解析：rted　stand是连系动词，后接形容词作表语，用rted。句意：那名店员看到一张友善的脸，脸上因歉意的微笑布满了皱纹，这时她愣在了那里，琢磨着是走还是留。
答案与解析：shting　flames与sht之间是主动关系，且动作正在进行，故用现在分词。句意：又看了一眼，他注意到火焰从受到损害的车辆下面冒了出来。
13．[江苏卷]One f the mst imprtant factrs that influenced their satisfactin as vlunteers was the amunt f ________ (suffer) they experienced in their vlunteer psitins.14．[2019·北京卷]Alice Mre is a teenager entrepreneur, wh in May 2015 set ________ her business AilieCandy.
答案与解析：suffering　the amunt f后面需用名词，suffer的名词形式是suffering。句意：影响他们作为志愿者的满意度的最重要因素之一是他们在志愿工作中所遭受的痛苦。
答案与解析：up　set up是固定搭配，意为“建立；创办”。句意：艾丽斯·摩尔是一位十几岁的企业家，她于2015年5月创办了自己的公司AilieCandy。
15．[湖北卷]I believe that if I had criticized him, the gate that was slwly pening wuld have shut ________ (firm) clsed.
答案与解析：firmly　需用副词修饰动词shut。句意：我相信，如果我批评了他，那扇慢慢打开的门就会紧紧地关上。
Ⅴ.短文语法填空It is cmmn fr mst peple t have “Justmeism”， which 1.________ (mean) these peple nly care abut themselves and ignre the envirnment, animals and the cmmunity. S they take it 2.________ granted that they leave the tap running while 3.________ (brush) their teeth r leave litter n the rad. They think what they d isn't harmful t the envirnment.
1．答案与解析：means　考查时态。定语从句中的谓语动词的形式与前面的先行词一致，本句中justmeism是先行词，故填means。2．答案与解析：fr　考查介词。take sth. fr granted “认为……是理所当然的”，为固定搭配，故填fr。3．答案与解析：brushing　考查状语从句的省略。此处是一个省略句，brush与前面的They是逻辑主谓关系，强调动作正在进行，故填brushing。
In rder t raise yung peple's awareness f the envirnment, Dr. Jane Gdall 4.________ (establish) an institute called Rts & Shts in 5.________ early 1990s. It is called Rts & Shts because rts mve 6.________ (slw) under the grund making a firm fundatin and althugh shts seem small and weak, they can break pen brick 7.________ (wall). As a scientist wh devted herself t envirnmental prtectin, she expected the rganizatin 8.________ (educate) yung peple abut the imprtance f living tgether in peace with nature.
4．答案与解析：established　考查时态。根据后面的具体时间状语可知，应填一般过去时，故填established。5．答案与解析：the　考查冠词。在年代前面使用the，故填the。6．答案与解析：slwly　考查副词。应用副词修饰前面的动词mve，作状语。7．答案与解析：walls　考查名词。此处wall是一个可数名词，泛指“墙”，故需要变成复数。8．答案与解析：t educate　考查不定式。此处是动词不定式作目的状语，故填t educate。
Rts & Shts attaches great imprtance t each individual. 9.________ Gdall cnsiders imprtant is that everyne can make a difference. S all f us can't be absent in the activities f making the wrld a 10.________ (gd) place.
9．答案与解析：What　考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空格处的单词引导主语从句，从句中缺少cnsiders的宾语，故填what。10．答案与解析：better　考查形容词。此处表示“使世界成为一个更加美好的地方”，故填better。