专题19 上海高考应用文阅读技巧点睛（解析版）-【高频考点解密】2023年高考英语二轮复习讲义+分层训练（上海专用）

►专题19 上海高考应用文阅读技巧点睛

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【考情链接】

上海高考英语关于阅读理解要求考生读懂简易的英语文学作品、科普文章、公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章并回答相关问题。文章题材广泛，体裁多样，包括记叙文、新闻报道、应用文、说明文、议论文等。以下梳理应用文体裁主要阅读技巧。

【要点梳理】

        [方法1].先题后文法

应用文体文章比较长，此时我们不必记住所有信息，可以先阅读题目，带着问题阅读，多注意细节，如时间、地点、人物或数据等，简明扼要地抓住所需信息，理解文章内容。尤其是广告文章的阅读一般采取跳读、略读等快速阅读法，快速浏览信息，搜索对比。对文中信息的快速处理能力是考查阅读理解能力的重要方面。

【典例】（2023闵行区一模）

ALCS NEWS Autumn 2021

Mavis Cheek (born 1948) is an English novelist, author of 15 novels.

Mavis Cheek in conversation about her writing life

Q: What initially inspired you to become a writer?

A: Being unqualified to do any other job was a great help – or rather spur (激励). If I’d been able to be a secretary or a typist, for example, then economics might well have overtaken me in the years I spent improving my craft and trying to get published. Of course, the great inspiration was having my daughter and wanting to be at home with the baby while using my brain.

……

60. What encouraged Mavis Cheek to become a writer?

A. The expectation of the worthy financial rewards.

B. The desire to combine the role of a mother and a career.

C. The established idea of gaining reputation of a famous writer.

D. The wish of encouraging people through the power of literature.

【答案】60. B

【解析】【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。通过采访，报道了Mavis Cheek的写作生涯。

细节理解题。根据第一个问题Q: What initially inspired you to become a writer? 下列段落中“Of course, the great inspiration was having my daughter and wanting to be at home with the baby while using my brain. (当然，最大的灵感是有了女儿，我想在家里用我的大脑和孩子在一起。)”可知，是把一个母亲的角色和事业结合起来的愿望鼓励了Mavis Cheek成为一名作家。故选B项。

        [方法2]. 题干定位法

应用文阅读材料包含的某一方面的信息非常全面，能满足各种人对信息的需求，但在试题中，常常是就某一点提问，以细节理解题为主，考生完全没有必要从头到尾全部仔细阅读，因为材料中有很多冗余无效信息。做此类题时，宜采用＂题干定位法＂，即先阅读题干，然后根据问题要求，按照题目顺序依次有针对性地结合题干关键词到文中定位答案范围，阅读相关部分，快速寻找有效信息，再把原文和选项相比较。问题与材料相同→对号入座；问题与原文相同→同义替换、归纳事实等。

【典例】（2023普陀区一模）

41. Which headline as follows is suitable for Mar. 14, 2022?

A. More Methods Help You Creative B. Many Ways Help You Succeed

C. Anyone Can Be Creative D. Everyone Can Be Stimulated

【答案】 41. C

【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文中主要介绍了一项关于创造力的研究。

【41题详解】

细节理解题。根据October 14, 2022部分中“Researchers have developed a new method for training people to be creative, one that shows promise of succeeding far better than current ways of sparking ...(研究人员已经开发出一种新的方法来训练人们的创造力，这种方法显示出比目前激发创造力的方法更好的成功前景)”可知，人们的创造力是可以通过训练的来的。故“人人都可以创造力”标题适合2022年3月14日。故选C。

        [方法3]. 选项排除法

排除法在应用文阅读中也应用得较多，即排除与文章内容不一致的错误信息，从而确定正确选项。应用文阅读理解设题以细节理解题为主，因此，阅读这类文章时，应该在整体把握文章结构的前提下，主要注意细节信息。细节题的题干都是相应原文的变形(如同义改写、词性转换等)，因此要找到答案一定要找到题干在原文中的出处，再把原文和选项相比较。做题时，根据所提问题用寻读、跳读的方法可达到事半功倍的效果。同时，在阅读时也要特别注意文中以粗体、大写、下划线等方式加以提示的文字，因为这很有可能是文章的核心或某一部分内容的概括。

【典例】(2023青浦区一模)

The UK doesn’t have the best reputation regarding food waste. Luckily, it’s easy to learn how to change these unsustainable habits, so that you can easily reduce unnecessary waste and save a pretty penny.

1. Plan your meals

When you don’t have a clear idea of what you want to eat, it’s easy to pick up more than you need, especially when items are on offer. It might seem like a great short-term option, but it can cause you to spend much more money in the long term, resulting in unnecessary food waste.

Planning your meals for the week in advance can be a great way to avoid this issue altogether. Work out what you plan to eat and when, and how much. Whether you’re shopping online or in- person, you can get only what you need — both saving your money and reducing the potential for food waste.

2. Store your products correctly

There are many tips that can help to keep produce fresh. For example, potatoes, carrots and other root vegetables last longest if they are kept in the dark. Fresh fruit and vegetables, like grapes, shouldn’t be kept with ethylene-producing products (including bananas and apples) as they make other fresh produce ripen and rot more quickly.

You can also find many ways to keep food by using water. For example, store half cut vegetables, such as carrots, potatoes, in water in the fridge, to help them last longer than if they were stored dry.

3. ____________________

Almost three quarters of food wasted could still be eaten, meaning that the food is not spoiled, and is fine for consumption.

Many people aren’t aware “best before” dates are suggestions, rather than rules. In contrast, however, the “use by” date refers to the last date a food is fit for consumption, and should be watched carefully for safety. When it comes to consuming food, use your senses: look at and smell the food. If it smells good and looks fine, the produce is more than likely completely fit to be eaten and enjoyed.

41. According to the passage, which of the following is true?

A. To avoid food waste, shopping online and in person.

B. To make fresh food ripen more quickly, keep them with bananas.

C. To avoid waste, don’t throw away any food after the “use by” date.

D. To keep potatoes longer, cut them into halves and store them in dark.

【答案】41. B

【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要给读者提供了三个建议，帮助大家保持一个可持续的生活习惯，减少食物浪费。

【41题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Fresh fruit and vegetables, like grapes, shouldn’t be kept with ethylene-producing products (including bananas and apples) as they make other fresh produce ripen and rot more quickly.(新鲜的水果和蔬菜，如葡萄，不应该和产生乙烯的产品（包括香蕉和苹果）一起保存，因为它们会使其他新鲜农产品更快成熟和腐烂)”可知，想要使新鲜食物快速成熟，要和香蕉放一起。故选B项。

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2019年上海秋季高考英语真题

Geographers are interested in the spatial patterns observed on earth. Bridging the natural and social science, Geography is the disciplinary study of environments and how people interact with the environment. It is important to study geography because many of the world's problems require understanding the interdependence between human activities and the environment. Geography is therefore a beneficial major for students because its theories and methods provide them with analytical skills relevant to occupations focused on solving social and environmental problems. The Department of Geography offers eight majors that help students tailor their focus of study.

The Geography—Globalization and Development major will provide students with a sophisticated understanding of contemporary global issues and a geographical framework for analyzing key issues involved in national and international development, especially as it relates to the global south. Reflecting the discipline of geography as a whole, this major emphasizes an integrated approach to studying the relationship of global change to individual and community well-being by combining the benefits of area studies with theoretical and topical investigations in the curriculum.

Our department is committed to excellence in both teaching and advising. Several of our faculty members have received teaching awards, and we are known across campus for the quality of our advising. As a geography major, you will meet one-on-one with your faculty advisor every semester during advising week, and you are always welcome to talk with your advisor at any time throughout the semester whenever questions may arise. In addition to advising our students about their academic programs, we provide timely information about internships, nationally competitive awards, and other opportunities as they arise. Many of our students complete internships and several of our students over the last few years have received nationally competitive awards.

For more information about our program, please visit our website, or contact our Undergraduate Chair, whose information is listed above.

Admissions Information

Freshmen/First-Year Admission

No requirements beyond University admission requirements.

Change of Program Policy

No selective or limited admission requirements.

External Transfer Admission

No requirements beyond University admission requirements.

Opportunities Upon Graduation students 

With a liberal arts degree in Geography—Globalization and Development, students are prepared for employment in a variety of fields, including non-profit and government work, particularly in the areas of community and international development. This degree will also prepare students well to work in the private sector in an international context. Graduates from this program will also be well situated to continue on to graduate school or law school, with research and professional interest in academic fields, including, but not limited to, geography, public affairs and policy, development studies, and community and regional planning.

Browse through dozens of internship opportunities and full-time job postings for Ohio University students and alumni on Handshake, OHIO's key resource for researching jobs, employers, workshops, and professional development events.

60.   Who can be selected as the target of the geography course in the passage?

1. A freshman who has studied in a university.    
2. B. A college student graduate majoring in geography.
3. A senior high school graduate interested in geography.  
4. D. A high school graduate who wants to find a job.

61. What are the advantages of choosing the geography major in this university in terms of employment?

A. Acquiring skills to solve social and environmental problems.

B. Understanding contemporary global issues.

C. Getting one — on — one information on geography teaching.

D. Achieving more international opportunities.

62. Where is the most likely place to read this passage?

A. In a magazine.          

B. On the university website.

C. In a geographic journal.        

D. On the enrollment information network.

【答案】 60.C    61.D    62.B

【解析】本文是一篇招生信息，主要介绍了地理学课程计划，通过讲述地理学课程内容以及学习地理学的研究方向和意义，旨在使高中毕业学生了解并报考该校地理学专业。

60.C。[解析]考查逻辑推理。先全文把握这是一篇地理学的招生信息介绍，然后根据文章中“Freshmen/First-Year Admission No requirements beyond University admission requirements.可知，对学生要求为“新生/第一年入学 除大学入学要求外没有其他要求。”经推理，最有可能是对地理学感兴趣的高中毕业生，故选 C。

61.D。[解析] 考查细节理解。根据文章中“With a liberal arts degree in Geography Globalization and Development, students are prepared for employment in a variety of fields.including non-profit and government work, particularly in the areas of community and international development”可知，学生就业......特别是在社区和国际发展领域，其余三项是在专业学习中的获得到的，故选 D。

62.B。[解析]考查逻辑推理。根据文章中“For more information about our program, please view this video, visit our website, or contact our Undergraduate Chair, whose information is listed above.”可知，这篇文章最有可能出现在该校网站上，其余选项未被提到属于干扰项，故选 B.

2017年上海秋季高考英语真题

eTicket

60. The above document serves as _____.

A. evidence of booked tickets    B. explanations of check-in policies

C. a reminder of airline regulations   D. an airline ticket and its confirmation

61. During his journey, Ping Luo will _____.

A. fly non-stop to his destination

B. arrive in Chicago in the late afternoon of the same day

C. have to stay at CHICAGO OHARE airport for two hours

D. reach his final destination on the next day

62. According to the document, in order to check in at the airport faster, a passenger may _____.

A. arrive at the airport far ahead of time  B. choose the seat in advance

C. use a self-service machine    D. contact the record locator online

【答案】 60.D    61.C    62.C

【解析】本文是一份飞机票的订舱通知。

60.D。[解析]根据文中 Below is your journey plan for the ticket(s)purchased.下面是您购买的机票的旅行计划。可知应选 D。

61.C。[解析]根据文中表格，到达 CHICAGO OHARE 时间为12: 40 p.m.从 CHICAGOOHARE 起飞时间为 2:40 p.m,。故选 C。

62.C。[解析]根据文中 For faster check-in at the airport, scan the bar code at any AA Self-Service machine.为了在机场办理更快的登机手续，请在任何 AA 自助机器上扫描条形码。故选C。

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【上海市曹杨第二中学2022-2023学年高三上学期期中考试英语试题】

HOW TO GET A PAY RAISE

Advice from organizational psychologist Liane Davey, author of You First: Inspire Your Team to Grow Up, Get Along, and Get Stuff Done.

CHOOSE YOUR MOMENT

“Tie the timing of your request for a raise to positive results. If you have a notable success in the middle of the year, start the discussion soon afterwards. Even if the pay cycle means the raise cannot happen for some time you will have seeded the conversation at a moment when your manager is feeling positively inclined towards you.”

KNOW YOUR WORTH

“Before making your request, write down a list of your accomplishments, and ask a trusted confidant what you bring to the team—particularly what is unique about your contribution—to ensure you get a comprehensive list. Be prepared to talk about the impact you have, rather than effort alone, as this is what makes your case for a raise compelling.”

PLAY IT COOL

“In difficult conversations, your tone and body language are especially important. Go in calmly and projecting that you believe you are adding value. Don’t under-do it by dropping eye contact or making yourself smaller. But don’t over-do it by raising your chin too high or making statements you don’t intend to follow through—that will destroy your credibility.”

ASK FOR CLARITY

“If you are unsuccessful, first find out why your request was denied. Do not let your manager get away with a superficial answer such as “we don’t have the budget”-there is always budget, so ask what else took priority. Next, ask what specific actions you can take that will make you more likely to be given a pay raise in the future.”

BE FLEXIBLE

“Remember that pay is only one way your company can demonstrate your value. Some companies have little room for pay raises, but more room to negotiate on annual leave, flexible hours or working from home. If your efforts to get a rise are unsuccessful, do not give up without first searching for alternative sources of value.”

60. Which of the following actions may hurt your credibility?

A. Proposing your pay raise request at a wrong time.

B. Making a list of your efforts rather than impacts.

C. Making statements that you won’t follow through.

D. Asking what specific actions will ensure a pay raise.

61. According to the passage, all of the following are alternative sources of value except ______.

A. more annual leave B. free medical checkups

C. flexible working hours D. the possibility of home-officing

62. ______ will help you clearly understand the company’s priority that will secure a pay raise.

A. Knowing your worth B. Playing it cool

C. Asking for clarity D. Being flexible

【答案】60. C    61. B    62. C

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要讲的是获得加薪的一些方法。

【60题详解】

细节理解题。根据PLAY IT COOL部分的“But don’t over-do it by raising your chin too high or making statements you don’t intend to follow through—that will destroy your credibility.(但不要过分，不要把下巴抬得太高，也不要说一些你不打算坚持到底的话——这会破坏你的信誉)”可知，可能会损害你的信誉的是发表你不会执行的声明。故选C。

【61题详解】

细节理解题。根据BE FLEXIBLE部分的“Some companies have little room for pay raises, but more room to negotiate on annual leave, flexible hours or working from home. If your efforts to get a rise are unsuccessful, do not give up without first searching for alternative sources of value.(一些公司几乎没有加薪的空间，但在年假、弹性工作时间或在家办公方面有更多的谈判空间。如果你想加薪的努力没有成功，在没有寻找其他价值来源之前，不要放弃)”并结合选项可知，免费体检不是可选的价值来源，故选B。

【62题详解】

细节理解题。根据ASK FOR CLARITY部分的“Do not let your manager get away with a superficial answer such as “we don’t have the budget”-there is always budget, so ask what else took priority. Next, ask what specific actions you can take that will make you more likely to be given a pay raise in the future.(不要让你的经理得到一个肤浅的回答，比如“我们没有预算”——预算总是有的，所以问一下还有什么明确要求可以帮助你清楚地了解公司可是优先的。接下来，问一问你能采取什么具体的行动来让你将来更有可能获得加薪)”可知，

以确保加薪的优先事项。故选C。

【上海市复兴高级中学2022-2023学年高三上学期期中英语试卷】

Colleague Council Meeting 3rd Oct 20

Chairperson: Jane Simmons

Minutes Secretary: Liz Bateman

1 Welcome

Jane Simmons welcomed all colleagues to the meeting. She explained the aim of the Colleague Council—issues which are of concern to staff members can be raised and discussed by the group, and then addressed to Personnel Manager, Penny Kacelnik, in the second half of the meeting. Meetings will be held four times a year.

MATTERS ARISING FROM THE MINUTES

2 Lifting of International call barring

The council asked if it would be possible to have the phone system changed so that international calls can be made.

All phones in Sales & Marketing will be modified in November to allow for international calls. Anyone else who needs to call overseas should contact Asif Din in IT.

3 Recycling of paper

The council enquired if the correct route for raising recycling issues was through John Evans, Office Services Manager.

Penny agreed that this was the correct route. She also added that she would welcome everyone looking at the paper they use and cutting down if possible. Individuals are reminded that they can also make a difference by turning lights and monitors etc. off.

4 Healthy snack options in snack machines

The council requested that a healthy range of snacks be available from the snack machine.

Penny reminded everyone that the canteen offers healthy lunch-time options. She will discuss the contents of the machine with the leasers (租赁方) when the lease comes up for renewal next month. Feedback to be given at Jan meeting.

5 Removal of study grants

The council expressed regret that study grants for non-professional courses were no longer available. People should be encouraged to take language courses, for example, given our growing international market.

Penny explained that Management felt this money could be better used on paying for courses which would lead to professional qualifications, such as Accountancy, Credit Control. She also suggested that in-house language courses could be taught by members of staff.

Next Meeting: Will be January, precise date to be confirmed

Attendees: Louisa Barlow, Gary Brown, Natalie Cole, Orla Doyle, Tariq Ali, Penny Kacelnik (Personnel Officer)

40. The word “Minutes” is closest in meaning to “________”.

A. unexpected emergencies

B. the duration of a meeting

C. written records of a meeting

D. suggestions from employees

41. What proposal did the Colleague Council put forward?

A. Holding the Colleague Council Meeting four times a year.

B. Allowing the employees to make international calls.

C. Dealing with documents on the computer instead of on paper.

D. Asking the canteen to provide more healthy lunch options.

42. What suggestion did Penny Kacelnik give to those who want to take language courses?

A. Shifting to a course leading to professional qualifications.

B. Applying to the Personnel Office for a special grant.

C. Turning to a colleague who speaks that language.

D. Referring to the growing international market.

【答案】40. C    41. B    42. C

【解析】

【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要讲述员工委员会会议的相关内容。

【40题详解】

词句猜测题。根据1 Welcome部分“She explained the aim of the Colleague Council—issues which are of concern to staff members can be raised and discussed by the group, and then addressed to Personnel Manager, Penny Kacelnik, in the second half of the meeting.”(她解释了员工委员会的目的，员工关心的问题可以由小组提出和讨论，然后在会议后半段向人事经理Penny Kacelnik提出。)和“MATTERS ARISING FROM THE MINUTES”(会议记录中的事项都来源于MINUTES) 可知，MINUTES是指在会议上被提出和讨论的员工关心的问题，一般情况下，会议上这些问题会由秘书记录，所以MINUTES的意思应该是“会议上的书面记录”，和C选项意思一致。故选C。

【41题详解】

细节理解题。根据2 Lifting of International call barring部分“The council asked if it would be possible to have the phone system changed so that international calls can be made.”(委员会询问是否可以改变电话系统，以便拨打国际电话。)可知，委员会上提出要让员工们能够拨打国际电话。故选B。

【42题详解】

细节理解题。根据5 Removal of study grants部分“She also suggested that in-house language courses could be taught by members of staff.”(她还建议，内部语言课程可以由工作人员教授。)可知，Penny Kacelnik建议，想学习语言课程的人员可以向会说这种语言的工作人员学习。故选C。