专题16 主谓一致-【小题专题卷】冲刺2023年高考英语小题限时集训（解析版）

这是一份专题16 主谓一致-【小题专题卷】冲刺2023年高考英语小题限时集训（解析版），共9页。
专题16 主谓一致难度：★★★★☆          建议用时： 30分钟            正确率 ：      /401.（2022新高考I卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that _________   (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management. 1. were  【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在that引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语复数形式。故填were。2.（2022新高考I卷）The GPNP _________ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.2. is designed【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态，主语单数，谓语单数形式。故填is designed。3.（2022新高考II卷）Henry _________  (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony.3. was fixing【解析】句意：听到尖叫声时，亨利正在修车。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的when he heard the screams，可知，设空处的动作是正在发生的，同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词，意为“修理”，其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。4.（2022新高考II卷）He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly _________ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out. 4. threw【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：他迅速把工具扔到一边，伸出胳膊跑了起来。根据句子结构，设空处与空后的and started构成并且结构。故应该使用一般过去时。throw为动词，意为“扔”，过去时为threw。故填threw。5.（2022全国甲卷）In the last five years, Cao _________  (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest mountain. 5. has walked【解析】考查动词时态。句意：在过去的五年中，曹操穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。6.（2022北京卷）This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally _________  (have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger.6. has【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：气体本来没有可识别的味道。分析句子结构可知空格处的动词作谓语，本句话是在陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时态，且主语gas在本文中指的是气体的统称，为不可数名词，所以谓语动词要用单三形式。故填has。7.（2022北京卷）The use of those plastics _________ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues.7. has increased【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：自从2019年，那些塑料的使用已经增加了300%。根据句中since 2019，可知此处用现在完成时。主语The use of those plastics为单数含义，助动词用has。故填has increased。8.（2022浙江1月卷）Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane   _________  (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.8. is viewed或has been viewed【解析】考查被动语态。句意：对科学家而言，旅行去参加会议、讲座、工作室之类的地方来相聚并交流信息这件事被视为是重要的。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时，此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知，动名词作主语与主谓之间存在被动关系，故填is viewed或has been viewed。9.（2022浙江1月卷）But Cobb and others _________  (be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and changing their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis.9. are【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法，推动会议提供更多远程参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机，他们正在改变他们的个人行为。根据句意可知，此处也应使用现在进行时，主语为复数，故填are。10.（2022浙江1月卷）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics - many of them climate scientists _________  (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. 10. have promised【解析】考查时态。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成时，故填have promised。11.（2022浙江卷）To understand a painting, we’re taught to look for color, composition, and light. But how can a painting _________  (appreciate)by someone who’s blind?11. be appreciated【解析】考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：但是一个盲人怎么能欣赏一幅画呢？主语a painting与谓语appreciate为被动关系，且置于情态动词can 之后，所以本句为含有情态动词的被动语态。故填be appreciated。12.（2021新高考I卷）What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it _________ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.12. was【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。主语是第三人称单数it，时间状语是then，所以用was。13.（2021新高考II卷）I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to _________ (be) Alaska Airlines Paris.13. was【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。 根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote” 可知这里描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时；one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数结构中，谓语动词用单数，所以填was。14.（2021全国甲卷）The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It _________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).14. was built【解析】句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。分析句子可知，空格处为谓语，动词build和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态（be done），根据句意和时间状语the Tang dynasty可知，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，主语it为第三人称单数，主谓一致，故填was built。15.（2021北京卷）As it _________ (connect) things, your brain turns them into a story, and you get a dream. 15. connects【解析】考查时态。句意：当它连接事物时，你的大脑将它们变成一个故事，然后你就得到了一个梦。由主句谓语动词turns可知，空处从句的谓语动词需用一般现在时态，主语是第三人称单数it，所以空处谓语动词需用单数。故填connects。 16．（2023秋·广东广州·高三广州市第一中学校考阶段练习）Many animals are endangered because the jungles where they live _____________(destroy). 17．（2022秋·河南南阳·高三南阳中学校考阶段练习）There is no denying that it is good luck as well as efforts that ________(determine) one’s success. 18．（2020春·福建漳州·高三校考阶段练习）Not only he but also his family ________ (be) keen on concert. 19．（2023秋·河南信阳·高二信阳高中校考期末）Masses of work ______ (do) to prevent the river from being polluted up to now. 20．（2023秋·江苏南通·高三统考期末）Breaking deeply imbedded habitual tendencies such as procrastination, impatience, criticalness, or selfishness that violate basic principles of human effectiveness ________ (involve) more than a little willpower and a few minor changes in our lives. 21．（2022秋·福建福州·高三福州四中校考阶段练习）The army were sent to the quake-hit area to rescue the injured who_________ (be) hurt by the disaster. 22．（2023秋·江苏无锡·高三江苏省江阴高级中学校考期末）The city will be placed on the list of World Heritage In Danger, joining Aleppo which ________ (destroy) by the war in Syria years ago. 23．（2022秋·广东东莞·高三东莞市东华高级中学校联考期中）The flight ________(schedule) to arrive at 8:45, but it’s running 20 minutes late.24．（2023·全国·高三专题练习）The Dragon Boat Festival, which ________ (date) back to the Warring States Periods, is one of the four most important festivals in China. 25．（2021秋·江苏南京·高三南京市第一中学校考阶段练习）In the past few years, many a change ________ (take) place in my hometown. 26．（2021秋·江苏南京·高三南京市第一中学校考阶段练习）How to earn daily bread by my pen ________ (be) then the problem.27．（2022·广东深圳·校考模拟预测）If their marketing plan ______(succeed), they will increase the sales by 20 percent.28．（2022秋·福建·高三福建师大附中校考阶段练习）Johnathan, as well as his fellow workers, ________ (resign) from the company since it announced its transformation plan. 29．（2022秋·福建·高三福建师大附中校考阶段练习）Doing sports in my spare time ________ (strong) my body and makes me stronger. 30．（2022秋·云南红河·高三弥勒市一中校考期中）Beijing, the capital of China, ________ well-known to people around the world. (be) 16．are being destroyed【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：许多动物濒临灭绝，因为它们所生活的丛林正在被破坏。设空处为从句的谓语，根据语境可知强调目前的情况，应用现在进行时，主语the jungles和谓语之间是被动关系，应用现在进行时的被动语态，主语they是复数代词，谓语要用复数形式。故填are being destroyed。17．determines【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：无可否认，决定一个人成功的是好运和努力。分析可知，“that it is good luck as well as efforts that ________ (determine) one’s success”为强调句“it is+被强调部分+that+其他”，强调主语“good luck as well as efforts”，所填动词应是谓语动词，结合语境用一般现在时。且当主语为“A as well as B”时，谓语动词的单复数形式与A保持一致，此句中与“good luck”保持一致，动词用第三人称单数。故填determines。18．are【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：不仅是他还有他的家人都喜欢音乐会。空格处在句中作谓语，结合句意，应用一般现在时，not only…but also…连接两个主语时，要和与其最近的主语保持人称和数的一致，his family指代他的家人们，应用are。故填are。19．have been done【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，为防止这条河被污染已做了大量工作。分析句子可知，do是句中谓语动词，与主语Masses of work之间是被动关系，句中有时间状语up to now，应使用现在完成时态，又因“masses of+名词”作主语，谓语动词应用复数形式，所以助动词用have。综上，谓语应用现在完成时的被动语态，复数形式。故填have been done。20．involves【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：打破根深蒂固的习惯倾向，如拖延、不耐烦、挑剔或自私，这些违反了人类效率的基本原则，需要的不仅仅是一点意志力和生活中的一些小改变。分析句子结构可知，本句是that引导的定语从句，主句中缺少谓语，所以involve做本句谓语，主语是Breaking，为第三人称单数，描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时。故填involves。21．were【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：军队被派往地震灾区营救在灾难中受伤的伤员。空处和后文hurt构成定语从句的谓语动词，主语who指代先行词the injured“受伤的人（们）”，故who是复数意义；陈述过去的事实，用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were。22．was destroyed【详解】考查谓语动词的时态语态。句意：这座城市将和多年前被叙利亚战争摧毁的阿勒波一起被列入濒危世界遗产名录。分析句子可知，which引导的定语从句缺谓语，which指代先行词Aleppo，是单数；主语Aleppo与动词destroy“摧毁”之间是被动关系，结合时间状语years ago可知，从句谓语用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was destroyed。23．is scheduled【详解】考查动词短语。句意：航班原定8点45分到达，但是晚点了20分钟。分析句子可知，此处为动词短语be scheduled to“被安排，预定在……时间做某事”，满足句意要求，结合主语为单数名词，所以为动词三单形式。故填is scheduled。24．dates【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：端午节可以追溯到战国时期，是中国四大重要节日之一。分析句子结构和意思可知，which 　　　 (date) back to the Warring States Periods是定语从句，这句话描述的是现在的事实，所以谓语用一般现在时，主语是which，指代先行词The Dragon Boat Festival，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填dates。25．has taken【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的几年里，我的家乡发生了许多变化。根据句意和句中“In the past few years”可知，句子为现在完成时，“many a+可数名词单数”意为“许多……”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数，与“has”连用，“take”的过去分词为“taken”，故空格处应填“has taken”。故填has taken。26．was【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：如何靠笔杆子糊口是当时的问题。分析句子结构可知，be动词做本句谓语，本句主语是how to earn daily bread by my pen，做第三人称单数看，根据then可知应该用一般过去时。故填was。27．succeeds【详解】考查时态。句意：如果他们的营销计划成功，他们的销售额将增加20%。if引导条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时代替将来时。从句的主语为their marketing plan，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。根据句意，故填succeeds。28．has resigned【详解】考查谓语动词时态和主谓一致。句意：自从公司宣布改组计划之后，乔纳森和他的同事们就已经决定辞职了。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作谓语。根据since引导时间状语从句可知，此处应用现在完成时；主语“A, as well as B”对应的谓语动词的数应遵循就远原则，前面的主语人称Johnathan为单数形式，主语与谓语动词之间为主动关系，故填has resigned。29．strengthens【详解】考查动词及主谓一致。句意：利用空闲时间做运动会加强我的身体素质，让我更强壮。分析句子可知，空格处应填写动词strengthen，与and后的动词短语makes me stronger并列作谓语，应用一般现在时，主语为动名词短语doing sports in my spare time，谓语动词应使用单三形式。故填strengthens。30．is【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：北京，中国的首都，为世界各地的人所熟知。句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语Beijing是地名，谓语动词用单数，因此空格处是is，故填is。二、用单词的适当形式完成短文（2023秋·辽宁营口·高三统考期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Known as an ancient traditional Chinese folk art, shadow play is considered the early form of modern cinema and cartoon. This unique art ____31____ (create) during the Western Han Dynasty some 2,000 years ago.Shadow play is a kind of performance ____32____ the figures made of animal skins are projected onto a white screen. The shadow shows ____33____ (drama) colors on the screen, adding great appeal to the play. More interestingly, each figure is composed of 11 parts: a head, two body parts, two legs, two upper arms and lower arms as well as two hands. ____34____ (control) through sticks and strings by the performers behind the screen, the figures can do various movements ____35____ (vivid).Shadow play demands high performing skills. Besides ____36____ (operate) three or four figures at a time, performers have to catch up with the music as well as speak or sing ____37____ (tell) the story. Hence, it is not ____38____ easy job to become a mature shadow play performer.With the development of modern audio-visual media, shadow play is not as popular as before. ____39____ thanks to the harmonious application of many new artistic factors, this art remains highly valuable in Chinese art field. Delicate and beautiful shadow figures have become a kind of _____40_____ (collect) and are greatly loved by foreigners.31．was created    32．where    33．dramatic    34．Controlled    35．vividly    36．operating    37．to tell    38．an    39．But##Yet    40．collection【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国传统民间艺术皮影戏的历史、表演方式等等。皮影戏作为一种具有很高价值的艺术形式，深受人们的喜爱。31．考查时态和语态。句意：这种独特的艺术创造于大约2000年前的西汉时期。根据时间状语“during the Western Han Dynasty some 2,000 years ago”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“this unique art”单数，和动词create之间存在被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was created。32．考查定语从句。句意：皮影戏是一种将动物皮制成的人物投影在白色屏幕上的表演。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为performance，在定语从句中担当状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。33．考查形容词。句意：阴影在屏幕上呈现出戏剧性的色彩，为戏剧增添了巨大的吸引力。修饰名词colors用形容词形式。故填dramatic。34．考查非谓语动词。句意：由在屏幕后面的表演者通过棍子和绳子控制，这些人物可以栩栩如生地做各种动作。句中已有谓语动词，所以这里为非谓语动词担当状语且和主句主语“the figures”之间存在被动关系，用过去分词形式；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Controlled。35．考查副词。句意：由在屏幕后面的表演者通过棍子和绳子控制，这些人物可以栩栩如生地做各种动作。修饰动词do用副词形式。故填vividly。36．考查非谓语动词。句意：除了同时操作三到四个人之外，表演者还必须跟上音乐的节奏，并通过说话或唱歌来讲述故事。介词besides之后用动名词担当宾语。故填operating。37．考查非谓语动词。句意：除了同时操作三到四个人之外，表演者还必须跟上音乐的节奏，并通过说话或唱歌来讲述故事。担当目的状语用动词的不定式形式。故填to tell。38．考查冠词。句意：因此，成为一名成熟的皮影戏表演者并不是一件容易的事情。修饰可数名词job，泛指，用不定冠词；且形容词easy发音为元音音素开头，所以用不定冠词an。故填an。39．考查连词。句意：但由于许多新的艺术因素的和谐应用，这门艺术在中国艺术领域仍然具有很高的价值。上文内容“With the development of modern audio-visual media, shadow play is not as popular as before.”和下文内容“thanks to the harmonious application of many new artistic factors, this art remains highly valuable in Chinese art field.”之间存在转折关系，可用but或yet，出现在句首，首字母大写。故填But或Yet。40．考查名词。句意：精致美丽的皮影已成为一种收藏品，深受外国人的喜爱。根据空前的“a kind of”可知，空处为名词形式。故填collection。