专题17 名词性从句-十年（2012-2021）高考英语真题分项详解（全国通用） 解析版

这是一份专题17 名词性从句-十年（2012-2021）高考英语真题分项详解（全国通用） 解析版，共14页。
专题17 名词性从句
【2021年】
1. (2021年新高考全国1卷语法填空)Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song“The Long and Winding Road”. ____56____is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we humans are.
【答案】What
【解析】考查主语从句。句意：这次经历的惊人之处在于这世界之外的景色。此处是主语从句，从句缺乏主语，应用what引导，指代“经历的事情”。故填What。
【2020年】
1. （2020·江苏卷）It is not a problem __________ we can win the battle; it’s just a matter of time.
A. whether B. why C. when D. where
【答案】A
【解析】考查主语从句。句意：我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题；这只是时间问题。A. whether是否；B. why为什么；C. when什么时候；D. where在哪里。根据下文it’s just a matter of time可知，此处指”我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题”，it是形式主语，whether引导的从句是真正的主语。故选A。
2. （2020·天津卷）The student completed this experiment to make come true __________ Professor Joseph had said.
A. that B. what C. when D. where
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：为了使约瑟夫教授所说的成为现实，这个学生完成了这个实验。_________ Professor Joseph had said作make的宾语从句，该从句中，空处在从句中作said的宾语，表示”……所说的话”，因此应用what引导该从句。故选B。
3. （2020·浙江卷）Over thousands of years，they began to depend less on 57 could be hunted or gathered from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
【答案】what
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：在几千年的时间里，他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎物的依赖，而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子，宾语从句部分缺主语，所以引导词应为“连接代词”。根据句意，此处缺“什么”之意。故填what。
【2019年】
1.【2019·江苏卷】Scientists have obtained more evidence ___________ plastic is finding its way into the human body.
A. what B. that C. which D. where
【答案】B
【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：科学家已经获得更多证据，塑料正在进入人们的体内。从句不缺句子成分，且与evidence指代的是同一事件，用that引导同位语从句。故选B。
2.【2019·新课标I卷】While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
【答案】that
【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，故填that。
3.【2019·北京卷】What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___8___ they go.
【答案】where
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去哪所大学，表示地点，作状语。故用where。
【2018年】
1.【2018·北京】Without his support, we wouldn’t be _________ we are now.
A. how B. when C. where D. why
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：没有他的支持，我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how表方式，when表时间，where表地点，why表原因。“_________ we are now”是表语从句，结合句子的意思可知，该处指我们所处的位置，故该从句应用where引导。C选项正确。
2.【2018·北京】This is _________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
A. how B. which C. that D. what
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：没有他的支持，我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how表方式，when表时间，where表地点，why表原因。“_________ we are now”是表语从句，结合句子的意思可知，该处指我们所处的位置，故该从句应用where引导。C选项正确。
3.【2018·天津】The gold medal will be awarded ___________to wins the first place in the bicycle race.
A. whomever B. wherever C. whoever D. whatever
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词性从句连接词。句意：无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他。分析句子可知，宾语从句中缺少主语，故用whoever，表示“任何人，无论谁”。故选C。
4.【2018·江苏】By boat is the only way to get here, which is _______ we arrived.
A. where B. when C. why D. how
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：乘船是到达这里唯一的途径，这就是我们如何到达的。分析which引导的非限定性定语从句可知，后面为表语从句。分析句意可知，这里用连接副词how引导表语从句，充当方式状语，表示“如何”。故选D。
【2017年】
1.【2017·北京】 Every year, ______ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
A. whatever B. whoever C. whomever D. whichever
【答案】B
【解析】A. whatever 任何事 B. whoever 任何人 C. whomever 任何人 D. whichever无论哪个。句意：每年，任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖。空格所在部分是主语从句，缺少主语，用连接代词，根据意思可知是人获奖，故排除A、D，因为需要作主语，只能用主格代词who+ever，故选B。
2.【2017·北京】Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing ______she was heading.
A. why B. where C. how D. when
【答案】B
【解析】A. why 为什么 B. where 在哪 C. how 如何 D. when什么时候。句意：Jane漫无目的地走在两旁栽树的街道上，不知道她将去往何方，根据语境可知此处是表地点的，很容易就可选出答案B。
3.【2017·江苏】 We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _______ it used to charge.
A. that B. which C. what D. how
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词性从句的引导词。＂half of _________ it used to charge＂是$20的同位语，即原来价格的一半是现在的$20；另外，of后跟名词或名词短语构成介宾短语，所以，这里是宾语从句；宾语从句中的charge后面缺少宾语，所以用what来引导宾语从句，并充当宾语从句的宾语，故选C。
4.【2017·天津】She asked me _______ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn’t.
A. when B. where C. whether D. what
【答案】C
【解析】句意：他问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了，我承认。我还没有还。A.什么时候；B.在哪里；C是否；D.什么。根据句意，故选C
5.【2017·新课标II卷】The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.
【答案】where改为when
【解析】考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：当我是个孩子的时候我父母教给我的纸牌游戏在我日后的生活中证明非常有用。宾语从句连接词并不是表示地点状语，而是时间状语。故把where改为when。
【2016年】
1.【2016·北京】Your support is important to our work. ________ you can do helps.
A. However B. Whoever C. Whatever D. Wherever
【答案】C
【解析】题目考查主语从句。helps是谓语，＂________ you can do＂是主语部分，即主语从句，在主语从句中，do后缺少宾语，表示＂任何事情＂，因此用whatever引导，故选C。
2.【2016·北京】The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.
A. what B. that C. whether D. why
【答案】B
【解析】题目考查表语从句。句意：雨季最令人愉悦的就是人们可以完全不再受到沙尘的困扰。is后跟从句作表语，即表语从句，表语从句不缺少主语、谓语和宾语，因此用that，that只起引导作用，故选B。
3.【2016·江苏】It is often the case ______anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
A. why B. what C. as D. that
【答案】D
【解析】考查主语从句。句意：通常对于那些心存希望的人来说一切皆有可能。此句中It为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。故D项正确。
4.【2016·天津】The manager put forward a suggestion ____ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.
A. whether B. that C. which D. what
【答案】B
【解析】句意：经理提出一个建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。此处使用同位语从句说明suggestion的内容，而且同位语从句的成分和意思都是完整的，故用that引导，that不作成分，只起连接作用。故选B。
【2015年】
1.(2015﹒江苏)_____ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won’t accept it.
A. That B. Why C. Where D. How
【答案】C
【解析】句意：李白是中国一位伟大的诗人，他的出生地是众所周知的，但有些人不愿接受这一事实。分析句子结构可知，a great Chinese poet做Li Bai的同位语，is前面是主语从句。比较选项只有where符合句意，where在从句中做地点状语。故选C项。
2.(2015﹒北京) _____we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
A. Where B.How C.Why D. When
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我们如何理解事情与我们所感受的有很大关系。根据句意可知，主语从句缺少方式状语，因此选择how。故选B。
3.(2015﹒湖南)You have to know ________ you're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.
A. what B. that C. where D. who
【答案】C
【解析】试题分析:根据分析可知: You have to know..后面是一个宾语从句。宾语从句的连接词有连接代词和连接副词，连接代词有: who, whom. whose. which. what在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语，连接副词有:when. where. why, how,在句中担任状语的成分。You're going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.是一个完整的句子，所以应该用连接副词来引导从句。句意:如果你已经计划好去那里的最佳方案，你必须知道你将要去哪里。故选C
4.(2015﹒北京)I truly believe ______beauty comes from within.
A. that B. where C. what D. why
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我很相信美丽源自于内心! 本题考查宾语从句。从句部分不缺少任何成分，因此用that起到连接作用，也可以省略。从句部分不缺少任何成分，因此用that起到连接作用，也可以省略。故选A。
5.(2015﹒安徽)A ship in harbor is safe, but that’s not ______ ships are built for.
A. what B. whom C. why D. when
【答案】A
【解析】句意：船停放在海港里是很安全的，但这并非建造船的目的。isn’t后跟从句作表语，表语从句中的for后缺少宾语，用what引导，what与for连用，表示目的。故选A。
6.(2015﹒浙江)If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branched hidden in the water.
A. what B. who C. that D. whoever
【答案】A
【解析】句意：如果你在河里或湖里游泳，请确定查看水面下有什么？通常总有一些石头或树枝藏在水里。此处的what指代的是树枝或石头，B选项和D选项用于指人，that 只有语法意义。句式上，该句用了(If 从句，祈使句)的句式，非谓语to investigate 后接一个宾语从句的表达。分析宾语从句的成分可以发现，空格所做的成分是主语。根据下一句的表述中的树枝和石头，可以得出答案是what.
7.(2015﹒重庆)We must find out ____ Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.
A. when B. how C. where D. why
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我们必须弄明白什么时候来，因此我们能给他预定房间。Find out 后面跟着宾语从句。根据句意选when。
8.(2015﹒四川)The exhibition tells us we should do something to stop air pollution.
A. where B. why C. what D. which
【答案】B
【解析】考查宾语从句。本句考查宾语从句的引导词。宾语从句中不缺少主语和宾语，故选项C错误，选项D担当定语，也错误。根据意思：这个展览告诉了我们，我们为什么要停止空气污染而不是我们在哪儿停止空气污染，故选择B。
9.(2015﹒陕西)Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.
A. what B. that C. why D. how
【答案】A
【解析】试题分析:句意:读完了她的自传后，我对Dor宾语从句是名词性从句的一种，解答这类题目,关键在于分析清楚句子结构。确定这是什么从句，再通过判断从句中缺少的内容决定引导词在从句中所作的成分及意义，来选择正确的引导词。通常如果名词性从句缺少主语宾语和表语的时候用what连接。is Lessing在文学上做出的贡献非常敬佩。介词for后面是宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，所以选A。
10.(2015﹒福建)—I wonder _________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.
—By working out every day.
A. where B. how C. why D. If
【答案】B
【解析】考查宾语从句。句中I是主语，wonder是谓语，how引导的宾语从句在整个句子中做宾语。连接副词How是宾语从句中的方式状语。句子是用表示方式的介词by回答的，所以是针对方式题提问的，故用how。根据句意---我好奇玛丽在这些年是怎么保持着身材的。--通过每天锻炼。故选C
【2014年】
1. (2014﹒北京)The best moment for the football star was ________ he scored the winning goal.
A.where B.when C.how D.why
【答案】B
【解析】根据题干前半部分中的moment一词推断，后面应该说的是“……的时候”，所以本题选B。
2.(2014﹒北京)Some people believe ________has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.
A.whatever B.whenever C.wherever D.however
【答案】A　
【解析】句意：一些人相信过去发生或现在正发生的事情，将来仍然会重复。宾语从句中缺少主语，并且指的是事件，所以选A。
3.(2014﹒大纲卷)Exactly ________ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.
A. whether B. why C. when D. how
【答案】C
【解析】句意：准确地说，土豆是什么时候被引进欧洲的还不确定，但可能是在1565年左右。此处when引导主语从句并在从句中作状语。
4.(2014﹒福建)Pick yourself up. Courage is doing ________ you're afraid to do.
A.that B.what C.how D.whether
【答案】B
【解析】句意：振作起来。勇气就是做你害怕去做的事。分析句子结构可知，此处doing后接宾语从句，而从句中do的后面缺少宾语，故选择B项。
5.(2014﹒湖南)As John Lennon once said，life is ________ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.
A. which B. that C. what D. where
【答案】C
【解析】句意：正如约翰·列侬曾经说的那样，生活就是当你忙于制订其他计划时所发生在你身上的事情。引导词既要引导表语从句，又要在从句中作主语。故用what。
6.(2014﹒江苏)—What a mess! You are always so lazy!
—I'm not to blame, Mum. I am ________ you have made me.
A.how B.what C.that D.who
【答案】B
【解析】句意：“多么混乱啊！你总是这么懒！”“我不应当受到责备，妈妈，都是你让我变成这个样子的。”分析句子结构后可知，“________ you have made me”是表语从句，从句中make缺少间接宾语，故用what引导。
7.(2014﹒山东)It is difficult for us to imagine________ life was like for slaves in the ancient world.
A.where B.what C.which D.why
【答案】B　
【解析】句意：对我们来说很难想象在古代奴隶的生活是什么样子的。________ life was like for slaves in the ancient world是宾语从句，作imagine的宾语，在宾语从句中，like后缺少成分，故用what。
8.(2014﹒陕西)________ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
A. Why B. When
C. That D. What
【答案】B
【解析】句意：延误了的航班何时起飞主要取决于天气。所填词引导主语从句，在从句中作时间状语，用when，故选B。
9.(2014﹒四川)Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That's ________ I was born.”
A.when B.how
C.why D.where
【答案】D　
【解析】此处考查的是名词性从句中的表语从句，根据语境可知选D项。句意：奶奶指着那个医院说：“那就是我出生的地方。”
10.(2014﹒天津)I think ________ impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.
A. what B. that
C. which D. who
【答案】A　
【解析】句意：我认为他的绘画给我留下深刻印象的是他使用的颜色。分析句子结构可知，I think后是宾语从句，从句中谓语动词是is，其前面是主语从句。从句中谓语动词impresses前又缺主语，需用what引导。
11.(2014﹒浙江) “Every time you eat a sweet，drink green tea.” This is ________ my mother used to tell me.
A.what B.how C.that D.whether
【答案】A
【解析】句意：母亲过去常常告诉我：“每次吃糖的时候，要喝点儿绿茶。”此处是由what引导的表语从句，因为表语从句中缺少tell的间接宾语，所以用what引导，选A 项。
12.(2014﹒重庆)—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?
—Yeah, but I have no idea ________ he did it; that's one of his favourite universities.
A. when B. why
C. that D. how
【答案】B
【解析】此题易误选C，但后句对Mike拒绝耶鲁大学的录取意愿感到意外，因为耶鲁大学是Mike最喜欢的大学之一，因此回答者对Mike放弃耶鲁大学感到不可思议。若用that仅表示不知道此事，但事实上已经知道。故选B。
【2013年】
1.(2013﹒湖南)Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell _______ close you may be to victory.
A. how B. that C. which D. where
【答案】A
【解析】动词tell之后为宾语从句，宾语从句部分为感叹句转换而来，修饰形容词close用how，故选A。that, which和where都不能引导感叹句。
2.(2013﹒江西)_______ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it.
A. Whoever B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Wherever
【答案】C
【解析】主句谓语为will have to pay，之前为主语从句，根据句意， whichever“无论哪一个”，作定语，修饰one，故选C。Whoever作主语；Whatever指物，不符合题意；Wherever指地点，作地点状语，也不符合语境。句意为无论你们当中哪个人弄坏窗子都必须赔偿。
3.(2013﹒山东)It’s good to know______ the dogs will be well cared for while we’re away.
A. what B. whose C. which D. that
【答案】D
【解析】动词know之后为宾语从句，从句中意思完整，也不缺少成分，故用that表陈述一件实事。what作主语或宾语；whose作定语；which作定语，后面一般接of结构。句意为知道当我们外出时这这些狗狗将会得到精心的护理是一件好事。
4.(2013﹒陕西)It remains to be seen the newly formed committee’s policy can be put into practice.
A. that B. which C. what D. whether
【答案】D
【解析】it作形式主语，真正主语为横线后的主语从句。从句中结构完整，因此排除代词B和C两项；“有待被观察”的事情应是不确定的事而不是表陈述，排除表陈述的that，选用whether“是否”。
5. (2013﹒四川)______ you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company.
A. When B. How C. What D. That[
【答案】C
【解析】此句谓语动词为describes，之前的部分即为主语从句。从句中缺少谓语said的宾语，故选用代词what作said的宾语引导主语从句； that在名词性从句中不做成分，只表陈述的语气；而when和how为副词，只能做状语，不能作主干成分。
6. (2013﹒天津) I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.
A. That B. Which C. Whether D. What
【答案】D
【解析】主句谓语为is，之前为主语从句，从句中缺少动词tell的直接宾语，指事物，故填what；而which意为“哪一个”，that、whether只起引导作用，均不做成分。
7.(2013﹒新课标卷I)Police have found appears to be the lost ancient statue.
A. which B. where C. how D. what
【答案】D
【解析】动词found后所接为宾语从句，从句中缺少主语指事物，故填上代词what。Which表示在确定范围里的选择；where和how只能作状语。
8.(2013﹒浙江)The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ______ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
A. how B. that C. which D. whether
【答案】B
【解析】belief后所接的从句对其内容进行解释说明，故为同位语从句，that表示陈述一个事实，所以答案B正确。how如何；which哪一个；whether是否；均不符合语境。
9. (2013﹒重庆)______struck me most in the movie was the father’s deep love for his son.
A. That B. It C. What D. Which
【答案】C
【解析】主句谓语动词was之前为；主语从句中缺少主语指事物，故使用代词what；that表陈述，不做成分；which表示在确定范围内进行选择，译为“哪一个”。句意为这部电影让我最感动的地方就是父亲对儿子的深深的爱。
10. (2013﹒安徽)From space, the earth looks blue. This is ______about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.
A. why B. how C. because D. whether[
【答案】C
【解析】is后面为表语从句。前面是结果，后面是原因，所C正确。why，how和whether均不符合语境。
11.(2013﹒北京)______ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.
A. That B. What C. Who D. Which
【答案】B
【解析】is之前为主语从句。从句中缺少主语指事物，故选what。That只起引导作用，不充当成分，排除；Who指人；不符合语境，排除；Which充当定语，起修饰作用，也不符合上下文的语境，排除。
12.(2013﹒北京)Experts believe _____ people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.
A. why B. where C. that D. what
【答案】C
【解析】动词believe之后为宾语从句，从句陈述一个事实，结构完整，不缺少成分，故选用that。why作原因状语；where做地点状语；what作主语或宾语。
【2012年】
1.(2012﹒山东)It doesn’t matter _____ you pay by cash or credit card in this store.
A. how B. whether C. what D. why
【答案】B
【解析】根据后文的or可知用whether引导主语从句，构成句型whether…or…。
2.(2012﹒湖南)Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesn’t matter ___ you have lived there for a short or a long time.
A. why B. how C. whether D. when
【答案】C
【解析】根据后文的or可知用whether引导主语从句，构成句型whether…or…。
3.(2012﹒天津)It doesn’t matter ____ you turn right or left at the crossing—both roads lead to the park.
A. whether B. how C. if D. when
【答案】A
【解析】根据后文的or可知用whether引导主语从句，构成句型whether…or…。
4.(2012﹒江西)It suddenly occurred to him ___ he had left his keys in the office.
A. whether B. where C. which D. that
【答案】D
【解析】此处it作形式主语，替代that引导的主语从句，that表陈述。
5.(2012﹒辽宁)The newcomer went to the library the other day and searched for _____ he could find about Mark Twain.
A. wherever B. however C. whatever D. whichever
【答案】C
【解析】此处whatever引导宾语从句，相当于anything that…。
6.(2012﹒四川)Scientists study ____ human brains work to make computers.
A. when B. how C. that D. whether
【答案】B
【解析】根据句意可知答案问及的是方式，故选B。
7.(2012﹒浙江)I made a promise to myself ____ this year, my first year in high school, would be different.
A. whether B. what C. that D. how
【答案】C
【解析】此处应用that引导宾语从句，表陈述。
8.(2012﹒江苏)The notice came around two in the afternoon _____ the meeting would be postponed.
A. when B. that C. whether D. how
【答案】B
【解析】此处考查的是同位语从句,that表陈述，描述notice。
9.(2012﹒安徽)The limits of a person’s intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but ________he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.
A. where B. whether C. that D. why
【答案】B
【解析】根据句意，表示是否之意。
10.(2012﹒重庆)Evidence has been found through years of study______ children’s early sleeping problems are likely to continue when they grow up.
A. why B. how C. whether D. that
【答案】D
【解析】此处考查的是同位语从句,that表陈述，描述evidence。
11. (2012﹒全国卷)It is by no means clear the president can do to end the strike.
A. how B. which
C. that D. what
【答案】D
【解析】此处it作形式主语，替代that引导的主语从句，that表陈述。
12.(2012﹒北京)Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt ______ he could have expressed it differently.
A. why B. how C. that D. whether
【答案】C
【解析】此处表陈述，用that引导宾语从句。
13.(2012﹒福建)We promise _____ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.
A. who B. whom C. whoever D. whomever
【答案】C
【解析】此处whoever引导关系从句，解释为anyone who。
14.(2012﹒陕西)As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose _____ suits you best.
A. whatever B. whichever C. whenever D. wherever
【答案】B
【解析】在限定范围five之中进行选择，应使用whichever。