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专题17 上海高考英语阅读理解教学指导（PPT）-【高频考点解密】2023年高考英语二轮复习（上海专用）
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这是一份专题17 上海高考英语阅读理解教学指导（PPT）-【高频考点解密】2023年高考英语二轮复习（上海专用），共56页。PPT课件主要包含了题型简介，总体分析，真题分析，如何备课等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022 年高考(上海卷) 试卷结构
2017年高考英语（上海卷）测量目标
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1) 字数：A篇· 348+B篇· 267+C篇·4182) 题材：科普、社会、文化、政治、经济3) 体裁：记叙文、说明文、议论文4) 题型：词义猜测题、细节题、推断题、主旨大意题、态度题选择粘贴，并选择只保留文字。
推断题举例69. It can be cncluded frm the passage that “Patty Pem” leads the writer t _______.【2016 A篇】70. It can be cncluded frm paragraph 1 that _______.【2016 B篇】74. It can be inferred frm the passage that Nigel Shadblt dubts whether _______.【2016 C篇】69. What can be cncluded abut snwmen frm the passage? 【2015 A篇】76. It can be inferred frm the passage that ____. 【2015 C篇】75. We can infer frm the experiment at the Be Anther lab that______. 【2014 C篇】主旨题举例77. Which f the fllwing is the best title f the passage? 【2015 C篇】70. In the film review, what is paragraph A mainly abut? 【2015 B篇】77. The best title fr the passage is _____. 【2014 B篇】69. Which f the fllwing might be the best title f the passage? 【2014 A篇】75. Which f the fllwing might be the best title f the passage? 【2013 C篇】 75. Which f the fllwing might be the best title f the passage? 【2012 C篇】
阅读教学中学生自认存在的问题
阅读一定要通读全文，通读全部选项
阅读做不好是平时刷题太少
阅读教学中学生实际存在的问题
阅读教学中教师存在的问题
教学重点就是单词和语法，把阅读课变成了单词课、语法课。
阅读课上的导入活动方法较单一，很少能激发学生去深入地思考有关阅读材料的各种问题。
教师在阅读课上的读后活动效果不佳，很难能达到提高逻辑思维能力和创新能力目标。
教师没有教会学生概括文章主旨或段落大意，文章整体结构，作者写作目的等能力。没有教会学生略读，精读，跳读，猜测等阅读策略
[1段]One f the executives gathered at the Aspen Institute fr a day-lng leadership wrkshp using the wrks f Shakespeare was discussing the rle f Brutus in the death f Julius Caesar. “Brutus was nt an hnrable man,” he said. “He was a traitr (叛徒). And he murdered smene in cld bld.” The agreement was that Brutus had acted with cruelty when ther ptins were available t him. He made a bad decisin, they said—at least as it was presented by Shakespeare—t take the lead in murdering Julius Caesar. And thugh ne f the executives acknwledged that Brutus had the gd f the republic in mind, Caesar was nevertheless his superir. “Yu have t understand,” the executives said, “ur plicy is t bey the chain f cmmand.”[2段] During the last few years, business executives and bk writers lking fr a new way t advise crprate America have been expliting Shakespeare’s wisdm fr prfitable ends. Nne mre s than husband and wife team Kenneth and Carl Adelman, well-knwn advisers t the White Huse, wh started up a training cmpany called “Mvers and Shakespeares”. They are amateur Shakespeare schlars and Shakespeare lvers, and they have cmbined their passin and their high level cntacts int a management training business. They cnduct between 30 and40 wrkshps annually, fcusing n half a dzen different plays, mstly fr crpratins, but als fr gvernment agencies.[3段] The wrkshps all take the same frm, fcusing n a single play as a kind f case study, and using individual scenes as specific lessns. In Julius Caesar, fr example, Cassius’s sly prvcatin (狡诈的挑唆) f Brutus t take up arms against Caesar was the basis fr a discussin f methds f team building and grass rts rganizing.[4段] Althugh neither f the Adelmans is academically trained in literature, the prgrammes cntain plenty f Shakespeare traditin and backgrund. Their wrkshp n Henry V, fr example, includes a helpful explanatin f Henry’s winning strategy at the Battle f Agincurt. But they d cme t the text with a few biases (偏向): their reading f Henry V minimizes his misuse f pwer. Instead, they emphasize the stry f the yuth wh seizes pprtunity and becmes a masterful leader. And at the wrkshp n Caesar, Mr. Adelmans had little gd t say abut Brutus, saying “the nblest Rman f them all" culdn't make his mind up abut things.[5段] Many f the participants pinted t very specific elements in the play that they felt t be related. Caesar’s pride, which led t his murder, and Brutus’s mistakes in leading the traitrs after the murder, they said, raise vital questins fr anyne serving in a business when and hw d yu resist the bss? （459 wrds）
73. Accrding t paragraph 1, what did all the executives think f Brutus?A. Cruel. B. Superir. C. Hnrable. D. Rude.74. Accrding t the passage, the Adelman set up “Mvers and Shakespeares” t ________.A. help executives t understand Shakespeare’s plays betterB. give advice n leadership by analyzing Shakespeare’s playsC. prvide case studies f Shakespeare’s plays in literature wrkshpsD. guide gvernment agencies t fllw the characters in Shakespeare's plays.75. Why d the Adelmans cnduct a wrkshp n Henry V?A. T highlight the imprtance f catching pprtunities.B. T encurage masterful leaders t plan strategies t win.C. T illustrate the harm f prejudices in management. D. T warn executives against pwer misuse.76. It can be inferred frm the passage that ________.A. the Adelmans’ prgram prves biased as the rles f characters are maximized.B. executives feel bred with t many specific elements f Shakespeare’s plays.C. the Adelmans will make mre prfits if they are prfessinal schlars.D. Shakespeare has played an imprtant rle in the management field.77. The best title fr the passage is _____.A. Shakespeare’s plays: Executives recnsider crprate cultureB. Shakespeare’s plays: An essential key t business successC. Shakespeare’s plays: A lessn fr business mtivatinD. Shakespeare’s plays: Dramatic training brings dramatic results
[1段] Enugh “meaningless drivel”. That’s the message frm a grup f members f the UK gvernment wh have been examining hw scial media firms like LinkedIn gather and use scial media data.[2段] The Huse f Cmmns Science and Technlgy Cmmittee’s reprt, released last week, has blamed firms fr making peple sign up t lng incmprehensible legal cntracts and calls fr an internatinal standard r kitemark (认证标记) t identify sites that have clear terms and cnditins.[3段]“The term and cnditins statement that we all carelessly agree t is meaningless drivel t anyne,” says Andrew Miller, the chair f the cmmittee. Instead, he says, firms shuld prvide a plain-English versin f their terms. The simplified versin wuld be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflectin f the riginal.[4段] It is nt yet clear wh wuld administer the scheme, but the UK gvernment is lking at intrducing it n a vluntary basis. “we need t think thrugh hw we make that wrk in practice,” says Miller.[5段] Wuld we pay any mre attentin t a kitemark? “I think if yu went and did the survey, peple wuld like t think they wuld,” says Nigel Shadblt at the University f Suthamptn, UK, wh studies pen data. “We d knw peple wrry a lt abut the inapprpriate use f their infrmatin.” But what wuld happen in practice is anther matter, he says.[6段] Other rganizatins such as banks ask custmers t sign lng cntracts they may nt read r understand, but Miller believes scial media requires special attentin because it is s new. “We still dn’t knw hw significant the lng-term impact is ging t be f unwise things that kids put n scial media that cme back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says.[7段] Shadblt, wh gave evidence t the cmmittee, says the prblem is that we dn’t knw hw cmpanies will use ur data because their business mdels and uses f data are still evlving. Large cllectins f persnal infrmatin have becme valuable nly recently, he says.[8段] The shck and anger when a scial media firm des smething with data that peple dn’t expect, even if users have apparently permissin, shw that the current situatin isn’t wrking. If prperly administered, a kitemark n terms and cnditins culd help peple knw what exactly they are signing up t. Althugh they wuld still have t actually read them. (405wrds)
73. What des the phrase “ meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer t?A. Legal cntracts that scial media firms make peple sign up t.B. Warnings frm the UK gvernment against unsafe websites.C. Guidelines n hw t use scial media websites prperly.D. Insignificant data cllected by scial media firms. 74. It can be inferred frm the passage that Nigel Shadblt dubts whether _______.A. scial media firms wuld cnduct a survey n the kitemark schemeB. peple wuld pay as much attentin t a kitemark as they thinkC. a kitemark scheme wuld be wrkable n a natinwide scaleD. the kitemark wuld help cmpanies develp their business mdels75. Andrew Miller thinks scial media needs mre attentin than banks mainly because _______. A. their users cnsist largely f kids under 20 years ldB. the language in their cntracts is usually harder t understandC. the infrmatin they cllected culd becme mre valuable in futureD. it remains unknwn hw users’ data will be taken advantage f76. The writer advises users f scial media t _______.A. think carefully befre psting anything nt such websitesB. read the terms and cnditins even if there is a kitemarkC. take n further actin if they can find a kitemarkD. avid prviding t much persnal infrmatin77. Which f the fllwing is the best title f the passage?A. Say n t scial media?B. New security rules in peratin?C. Accept withut reading?D. Administratin matters!
定位句match选项句
2018闵行一模[1段] One f the main challenges facing many cuntries is hw t maintain their identity in the face f glbalizatin and the grwing multi-language trend. “One f the main reasns fr ecnmic failure in many African cuntries is the fact that, with a few imprtant exceptins, mther-tngue educatin is nt practiced in any f the independent African states.” said Neville Alexander, Directr f the Prject fr the Study f Alternative Educatin in Suth Africa at the University f Cape Twn.[2段] In respnse t the spread f English and the increased multi-language trends arising frm immigratin, many cuntries have intrduced language laws in the last decade. In sme, the use f languages ther than the natinal language is banned in public spaces such as advertising psters. One f the first such legal prvisins was the 1994 “Tubn law” in France, and the idea has been cpied in many cuntries since then. Such effrts t gvern language use are ften cnsidered as futile by language experts, wh are well aware f the difficulty in cntrlling fashins in speech and knw frm research that language switching amng bilinguals is a natural prcess.[3段] It is especially difficult fr native speakers f English t understand the desire t maintain the “purity” f a language by law. Since the time f Shakespeare, English has cntinually absrbed freign wrds int its wn language. English is ne f the mst mixed and rapidly changing languages in the wrld, but that has nt been a barrier t acquiring superirity and pwer. Anther reasn fr the failure f many native English speakers t understand the rle f the state regulatin is that it has never been the Angl-Saxn way f ding things. English has never had a state-cntrlled authrity fr the language, similar, fr example, t the Academic Françise in France.[4段] The need t prtect natinal languages is, fr mst western Eurpeans, a recent phenmenn—especially the need t ensure that English des nt unnecessarily take ver t many fields. Public cmmunicatin, educatin and new ways f cmmunicatin prmted by technlgy, may be key fields t defend.
63. Neville Alexander believes that __________. A. mther-tngue educatin is nt practiced in all African cuntries B. glbalizatin has resulted in the ecnmic failure f Africa C. glbalizatin has led t the rise f multi-language trend D. lack f mther-tngue educatin can lead t ecnmic failure64. The underlined wrd “futile” (in paragraph 2) mst prbably means “ __________”. A. wrkable B. practical C. useless D. unnecessary65. Why d many English-speaking cuntries nt supprt the language prtectin effrts described in the passage? A. They think language prtectin laws are ineffective. B. They want their language t spread t ther cuntries. C. They have a lng histry f taking wrds frm ther languages. D. It reduces a language’s ability t acquire internatinal imprtance.66. What can we infer frm the last paragraph? A. English has taken ver fields like public cmmunicatin and educatin. B. Many aspects f natinal culture are threatened by the spread f English. C. Mst language experts believe it is imprtant t prmte a natinal language. D. Eurpeans have lng realized the need t prtect a natinal language.
2018浦东一模 Dental health: Brush with cnfidence[1段] Children shuld be taught t brush their teeth regularly. But the suspicin remains amng sme peple, dentists included, that even s, certain children are dmed t develp dental cavities. The hypthesis behind this fear is that sme cmbinatins f genes may give rise t the srts f ral bacteria which are respnsible fr cavities. If true, that wuld be sad fr the yungsters cncerned. But a study just published in Cell Hst and Micrbe, by Andres Gmez and Karen Nelsn f the J. Craig Venter Institute, in San Dieg, suggests it isn’t true.[2段] The muth is hme t many species f micrbes. Mst are gd. Sme, thugh, are well knwn t secrete acidic waste prducts when fed sugar. This acidity weakens teeth, causing them t decay. T try t find ut whether a child’s genes play any rle in encuraging such acid-secreting bugs, Dr Gmez and Dr Nelsn set up an experiment with twins.[3段] Their “vlunteers” were 280 pairs f fraternal twins and 205 pairs f identical twins, all aged between five and 11, wh had nt taken antibitics during the previus six mnths. The children were asked t stp brushing their teeth the evening and the mrning befre the crucial mment f data cllectin. This was when the researchers swabbed the children’s gingival sulci (the clefts between teeth and gums, in which bacteria cllect) t find ut what was there. The children als had their teeth scred by dentists as belnging t ne f three categries: having n signs f current r previus dental cavities; having signs f current r previus cavities affecting the enamel (a tth’s hard, uter layer); r having signs f cavities that penetrated the enamel and affected the underlying dentine as well.[4段] Dr Gmez and Dr Nelsn fund that, thugh identical twins shared many grups f bacteria which were nt shared by fraternal twins, nne f these was a type respnsible fr cavities. Mrever, similarities in bacterial flra were greatest amng five- t seven-year-lds, weaker amng seven-t-nine-year-ld and weakest amng nine-t-11-year-lds. This suggests that any rle genes d play in regulating the muth’s eclgy fades with time.[5段] Far frm supprting the idea that sme children are fated t suffer frm cavities n matter hw well they brush their teeth, these results make it clear that the pwer t cntrl the grwth f the relevant bacteria is very much within reach f children and their parents. Brushing, hwever, may nt be the nly apprach. Aviding sugary fds is bviusly de rigueur. It seems likely, thugh, that which ther fds a child eats may help shape his ral ecsystem, t. This is an area f nging research. But, as in the intestines（肠道）, s in the muth, scientific medicine is at last cming t grips with the fact that the mixture f micrbes present is bth imprtant and capable f manipulatin, t the benefit f the hst.
段落数＞题目数，无主旨题
63. What des “hypthesis” refer t in paragraph 1?A. Children’s failure t brush their teeth prperly leads t tth decay.B. Sme children are prgrammed t develp tth decay.C. Yungsters are suspicius f the effectiveness f tth-brushing.D. Sme genes are mre likely t lead t dental cavities.64. Dr Gmez and Dr Nelsn cnducted an experiment t find ut_________.A. whether genes have anything t d with dental decayB. which grup f twins are mre likely t have decayed teethC. what kinds f fds tend t give rise t tth decayD. why the ecsystem f the intestines is similar t that f the muth65. Which f the fllwing statements is UNTRUE accrding t the passage?A. Scientists are nt yet sure hw ecsystem f the muth is frmed.B. The rle genes play in cntrlling ecsystem f the muth weakens with the time.C. The children are classified int three grups accrding t the degrees f dental cavities.D. Identical twins are nt as genetically clse t each ther as fraternal twins.66. What can we learn frm the last paragraph?A. The existence f multiple micrbes benefits children’s ral ecsystem.B. What a child eats enhances the healthfulness f a child’s ral ecsystem.C. Cutting dwn n sugar intake is the mst likely way t prevent tth decay.D. Parents are in n psitin t help their children maintain healthy ral ecsystem.
段落数＞题目数，有篇章题
[1段] Mre than five millin different kinds f rganisms(生物体) live n the Earth. Fr thusands f years, humans have searched fr ways t rganize this diversity(多样性). In the eighteenth century, a Swedish prfessr, physician, and naturalist named Carlus Linnaeus develped the system f naming and classifying rganisms that we use tday.[2段] Linnaeus cntributed t the mdern classificatin f rganisms in tw ways. He first develped a cnventin fr naming life frms.[3段] Befre Linnaeus came up with a standardized system f naming, there were ften many names fr a single species, and these names tended t be lng and cnfusing. Linnaeus decided that all species names shuld be in Latin and shuld have tw parts, ne indicating the genus(plural: genera), a grup that includes similar species and ne indicating the specific name f the species. When written alne, the specific name is meaningless since many different species in different genera have the same specific name. The specific name familiaris, fr example, is cmmnly used t describe species. Therefre, when used by itself, it wuld nt describe any ne rganism. When the genus is als given, hwever, as in Canis familiaris, we knw that the name refers t a specific rganism: the dmestic dg. [4段] Linnaeus was als the riginatr f mdern taxnmy, a system f classifying nature based n hierarchical(分层的) grupings. Linnaeus first gruped life frms int three brad grups, called kingdms. These kingdms were animals, plants, and minerals. He divided each f these kingdms int classes, classes int rders, rders int genera (genus is singular) and then genera int species, gruping rganisms accrding t shared physical characteristics. [5段] Althugh mdern taxnmists still use the hierarchical structure f Linnaeus’s classificatin system as well as his methd f gruping rganisms accrding t bservable similarities, they have added hierarchical levels and significantly changed Linnaeus’s riginal grupings. The bradest level f life is nw a dmain. All living things fit int nly three dmains. Within each f these dmains there are kingdms. Each kingdm cntains phyla (singular is phylum), fllwed by class, rder, family, genus, and species.[6段] In additin t the Linnaean kingdms f plants and animals, bilgists recgnize prkarytes, prtists, and fungi as separate kingdms. The prkarytes are the ldest and mst abundant grup f rganisms. They are als the smallest cellular rganisms. Cmmn bacteria, which have been knwn t survive in many envirnments that supprt n ther frm f life, fall int this categry. The prtist kingdm is made up f a variety f single-celled r simple multicellular rganisms. Prtists d nt have much in cmmn. They are, essentially, thse rganisms which d nt fit int any ther kingdm. Fungi cmpse a third kingdm. Like plants, the cells f fungi have cell walls, giving them a tube-like structure. Hwever, fungi d nt prduce their wn carbn as plants d. Rather, they acquire nutrients by absrbing and digesting carbn prduced by ther rganisms. Yeasts and mushrms are examples f fungi.
63. The writer gives the scientific name f the dmestic dg in paragraph 3 in rder t __________.A. demnstrate Linnaeus’s methd f classificatinB. intrduce the need fr a better system f naming rganismsC. criticize the cmplexity f Linnaeus’s naming system D. illustrate the necessity f including tw parts when naming rganism64. Which f the fllwing can be learned frm the passage?A. The hierarchical structure f Linnaeus’s system fr classifying is n lnger in use.B. Linnaeus’s riginal system f classificatin cnsisted f 3 dmains.C. Linnaeus’s riginal system f classificatin is used tday with little mdificatins.D. Mdern taxnmists have added categries and regruped rganisms.65. Which f the fllwing is TRUE abut prtists?A. They d nt share the characteristics f any f the ther fur kingdms.B. They are gruped tgether based n similar characteristics.C. They are limited t single-cell rganisms.D. They acquire nutrients by eating ther rganisms.66. Which f the fllwing might be the best title f the passage?A. The Father f Mdern TaxnmyB. Classifying OrganismsC. Develpment in Life FrmsD. Linnaeus’s Classificatin System
3. The writer gives the scientific name f the dmestic dg in paragraph 3 in rder t __________. 【2018徐汇一模】A. demnstrate Linnaeus’s methd f classificatinB. intrduce the need fr a better system f naming rganismsC. criticize the cmplexity f Linnaeus’s naming system D. illustrate the necessity f including tw parts when naming rganism[3段] Befre Linnaeus came up with a standardized system f naming, there were ften many names fr a single species, and these names tended t be lng and cnfusing. Linnaeus decided that all species names shuld be in Latin and shuld have tw parts, ne indicating the genus(plural: genera), a grup that includes similar species and ne indicating the specific name f the species. When written alne, the specific name is meaningless since many different species in different genera have the same specific name. The specific name familiaris, fr example, is cmmnly used t describe species. Therefre, when used by itself, it wuld nt describe any ne rganism. When the genus is als given, hwever, as in Canis familiaris, we knw that the name refers t a specific rganism: the dmestic dg. [3段] Befre Linnaeus came up with a standardized system f naming, there were ften many names fr a single species, and these names tended t be lng and cnfusing. Linnaeus decided that all species names shuld be in Latin and shuld have tw parts, ne indicating the genus(plural: genera), a grup that includes similar species and ne indicating the specific name f the species. When written alne, the specific name is meaningless since many different species in different genera have the same specific name. The specific name familiaris, fr example, is cmmnly used t describe species. Therefre, when used by itself, it wuld nt describe any ne rganism. When the genus is als given, hwever, as in Canis familiaris, we knw that the name refers t a specific rganism: the dmestic dg.
1、题干中有段落信息+有关键词
1. Fast Track is aimed t _____. 【2018崇明一模】 A. imprve children’s academic skills B. help the children with behavir disrders C. identify the prblematic children D. classify children int different grups[2段] Duke University researchers lked at a prgram called Fast Track, which was started in the 1990s fr children wh were identified by their teachers and parents t be at high risk fr develping aggressive behaviral prblems.
2、题干中无段落信息+有关键词
2. Neil Bernstein thinks that _____. 【2018崇明一模】 A. empathic children are mre likely t have higher emtinal intelligence B. the findings f the studies disagree with what he has fund in his wrk C. empathy is equally essential in educating and scializing children D. self-cntrl and scial skills are nt as imprtant as empathy[7段] T Neil Bernstein, a psychlgist in Washingtn, D.C., wh specializes in child and adlescent behavir disrders, the researchers’ findings seem t match what he’s seen amng the general public in wrking with children fr mre than 30 years. And while he says he agrees with the imprtance f teaching self-cntrl and scial skills, he wuld add empathy t the list, t.
3、题干中无段落信息+无关键词【例65】
64.“Keep the teacher at bay” (paragragh3) means the way hmewrk is dne____. 【2017嘉定一模】A. impses enrmus meaningless evaluating wrk n teachersB. blcks teachers frm knwing mre abut their studentsC. displays the great effrts students make t satisfy their teachersD. shws achievements teachers expect t accmplish in their wrk65. What can be inferred frm the passage? 【2017嘉定一模】A. Hmewrk is hardly functining as is naturally expected.B. Parents need t stand away frm their children’s hmewrk.C. Students prefer ding hmewrk elsewhere instead f at hme.D. The quality f hmewrk is usually teachers’ first cncern. [3段] Cnsidering the secnd part f the cmpund nun pens up further questins. If the idea f hme can be prblematic, s t can the cncept f wrk. Again, this will depend enrmusly n the cntext but , very ften there is a lt f wrk put in. Demands n their time and attentin span (持续时间) and all srts f ther impsitins mean hmewrk is usually smething t get ut f the way, t be ticked ff as dne, with the exercises cmpleted as fast as pssible. It is nt always seen as useful times spent develping and strengthening what is dne in class but, rather, as smething quickly finished t keep the teacher at bay. It might be crrect r nt, cpied frm a friend r cut and pasted frm the internet, but the imprtant thing is that a teacher sees the exercise cmpleted and, as a result, the task achieved: hw much effrt went int that result is nt always appreciated r easy t evaluate and, even When wrk clearly falls belw standard, and the mere fact f its having been dne is ften gd enugh. Teacher and students are happy because everyne has fficially fulfilled their cmmitment.[4段] The ideal that students g hme, think back t what they did with their teacher, use the great resurces their bks and the internet prvide t revise, reflect and put everything they have seen in class in place, int actin, int practice, des nt ften happen with sme students.
65. Which f the fllwing statements is True accrding t the passage?【2017闵行一模】A. Playwrights envy the simplicity f the nvelist’s wrk.B. Experience in the theatre imprves the wrk f screenplay writers.C. Screenplay writers usually have the final say in hw a TV drama will turn ut.D. Playwrights are frequently invlved in revising their wrk.66. What can we infer frm the last paragraph? 【2017闵行一模】A. Screenplay writers shuld take the success f televisin drama in their hands.B. Screenplay writers shuld be mre sensitive abut their cntractual right.C. The directrs play a decisive rle in the final utcme f televisin drama.D. Critics f televisin drama tend t neglect the imprtance f writer and actrs.[3段] The prductin f a stage play invlves, as well as the wrds f the authr, the physical presence f the actrs, their vices and gestures, the “set” and pssibly music. Althugh the script is the essential basis f bth stage play and film, it is a basis fr subsequent revisin negtiated between the writer and the ther creative peple invlved. They are given “apprval” f the chice f directr and actrs and have the right t attend rehearsals(排演), during which perid they may undertake mre rewriting wrk. In the case f the screenplay, the writer may have little r n cntrl ver the final frm f his wrk. Cntracts fr the prductin f plays prtect the rights f authrs in this respect.[4段] In film r televisin wrk, n the ther hand, the screenplay writer has n cntractual right t this degree f cnsultatin. While the script is ging thrugh its varius drafts, the writer is in the driver’s seat, althugh smetimes receiving criticism frm the prducer and the directr. But nce the prductin is under way, artistic cntrl ver the prject tends t pass t the directr. This is a fact verlked by mst jurnalistic critics f televisin drama, wh tend t give all the credit r blame fr success r failure f a prductin t the writer and actrs, ignring the cntributin, fr gd r ill, f the directr. 【2017闵行一模】
4、best title 题
66. Which f the fllwing is the best title f the passage?【2018普陀一模】A. Fr the Gd’s sake, stp AI and be yurselves!B. Can we build AI withut lsing cntrl ver it?C. Fr r against AI, that is the questin!D. Hw des superintelligence serve the peple? [1段] Given hw valuable intelligence and autmatin are, we will cntinue t imprve ur technlgy if we are at all able t. At a certain pint, we will build machines that are smarter than we are. Once we have machines that are smarter than we are, they will begin t imprve themselves. And then we risk what the mathematician IJ Gd called an “intelligence explsin”. The prcess culd get ut f cntrl.66. Which f the fllwing might be the best title f the passage? 【2018徐汇一模】A. The Father f Mdern TaxnmyB. Classifying OrganismsC. Develpment in Life FrmsD. Linnaeus’s Classificatin System[1段] Mre than five millin different kinds f rganisms(生物体) live n the Earth. Fr thusands f years, humans have searched fr ways t rganize this diversity(多样性). In the eighteenth century, a Swedish prfessr, physician, and naturalist named Carlus Linnaeus develped the system f naming and classifying rganisms that we use tday.
题干有段落信息和关键词
题干无段落信息和关键词
best title题
定位段不需要认真读的地方
虚词anther ther mre either bth als beside additinal extra different same particular nearly nt enugh
重要、基础imprtant necessity essential basis be based n
变化类change delay imprve pstpne increase
含义不肯定can culd may usually might mst mre r less relatively be likely t
①无中生有(未提及的概念);②正反混淆(选项的意思跟原文的意思正好相反);③所答非所问(虽然选项的说法没有问题，符合原文，但和题干搭不上边)
①过分绝对;②扩大范围③因果倒置;④常识判断;⑤推得过远;⑥偏离中心;⑦变换词性。
三、上海高考真题分析 【2016年C篇】
74. It can be inferred frm the passage that Nigel Shadblt dubts whether _______.A. scial media firms wuld cnduct a survey n the kitemark schemeB. peple wuld pay as much attentin t a kitemark as they thinkC. a kitemark scheme wuld be wrkable n a natinwide scaleD. the kitemark wuld help cmpanies develp their business mdels
第五段：【段首句+转折处】Wuld we pay any mre attentin t a kitemark? “I think if yu went and did the survey, peple wuld like t think they wuld,” says Nigel Shadblt at the University f Suthamptn, UK, wh studies pen data. “We d knw peple wrry a lt abut the inapprpriate use f their infrmatin.” But what wuld happen in practice is anther matter, he says.
三、上海高考真题分析 【2016年C篇】
75. Andrew Miller thinks scial media needs mre attentin than banks mainly because _______.A. their users cnsist largely f kids under 20 years ldB. the language in their cntracts is usually harder t understandC. the infrmatin they cllected culd becme mre valuable in futureD. it remains unknwn hw users’ data will be taken advantage f
第六段：【转折+结论处】Other rganizatins such as banks ask custmers t sign lng cntracts they may nt read r understand, but Miller believes scial media requires special attentin because it is s new. “We still dn’t knw hw significant the lng-term impact is ging t be f unwise things that kids put n scial media that cme back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says.第七段：对第六段的重复Shadblt, wh gave evidence t the cmmittee, says the prblem is that we dn’t knw hw cmpanies will use ur data because their business mdels and uses f data are still evlving. Large cllectins f persnal infrmatin have becme valuable nly recently, he says.
三、上海高考真题分析 【2016年C篇】
76. The writer advises users f scial media t _______.A. think carefully befre psting anything nt such websitesB. read the terms and cnditins even if there is a kitemarkC. take n further actin if they can find a kitemarkD. avid prviding t much persnal infrmatin
第八段：【转折+因果处】推断题The shck and anger when a scial media firm des smething with data that peple dn’t expect, even if users have apparently permissin, shw that the current situatin isn’t wrking. If prperly administered, a kitemark n terms and cnditins culd help peple knw what exactly they are signing up t. Althugh they wuld still have t actually read them.
三、上海高考真题分析 【2015年C篇】
73. Accrding t paragraph 1, what did all the executives think f Brutus?A. Cruel. B. Superir. C. Hnrable. D. Rude
第一段：【结论处】推断题One f the executives gathered at the Aspen Institute fr a day-lng leadership wrkshp using the wrks f Shakespeare was discussing the rle f Brutus in the death f Julius Caesar. “Brutus was nt an hnrable man,” he said. “He was a traitr（叛徒）. And he murdered smene in cld bld.” The agreement was that Brutus had acted with cruelty when ther ptins were available t him. He made a bad decisin, they said—at least as it was presented by Shakespeare—t take the lead in murdering Julius Caesar. And thugh ne f the executives acknwledged that Brutus had the gd f the republic in mind, Caesar was nevertheless his superir. “Yu have t understand,” the executives said, “ur plicy is t bey the chain f cmmand.”
74. The Adelmans set up “Mvers and Shakespeares” t ________.A. help executives t understand Shakespeare’s plays betterB. give advice n leadership by analyzing Shakespeare’s playsC. prvide case studies f Shakespeare’s plays in literature wrkshps D. guide gvernment agencies t fllw the characters in Shakespeare’s plays.
第二段+第三段：【段首句+段尾句+比较处】推断题 During the last few years, business executives and bk writers lking fr a new way t advise crprate America have been expliting Shakespeare’s wisdm fr prfitable ends. Nne mre s than husband and wife team Kenneth and Carl Adelman, well-knwn advisers t the White Huse, wh started up a training cmpany called “Mvers and Shakespeares”. They are amateur Shakespeare schlars and Shakespeare lvers, and they have cmbined their passin and their high-level cntacts int a management training business. They cnduct between 30 and 40 wrkshps annually, fcusing n half a dzen different plays, mstly fr crpratins, but als fr gvernment agencies. The wrkshps all take the same frm, fcusing n a single play as a kind f case study, and using individual scenes as specific lessns. In Julius Caesar, fr example, Cassius’s sly prvcatin（狡诈的挑唆）f Brutus t take up arms against Caesar was a basis fr a discussin f methds f team building and grass rts rganizing.
75. Why d the Adelmans cnduct a wrkshp n Henry V?A. T highlight the imprtance f catching pprtunities.B. T encurage masterful leaders t plan strategies t win.C. T illustrate the harm f prejudices in management. D. T warn executives against pwer misuse.
第四段：【转折处】同义转述Althugh neither f the Adelmans is academically trained in literature, the prgrammes cntain plenty f Shakespeare traditin and backgrund. Their wrkshp n Henry V, fr example, includes a helpful explanatin f Henry’s winning strategy at the Battle f Agincurt. But they d cme t the text with a few biases (偏向): their reading f Henry V minimizes his misuse f pwer. Instead, they emphasize the stry f the yuth wh seizes pprtunity and becmes a masterful leader. And at the wrkshp n Caesar, Mr. Adelmans had little gd t say abut Brutus, saying “the nblest Rman f them all” culdn’t make his mind up abut things.
三、上海高考真题分析 【2014年C篇】
74. The wrd "swapping" (paragraph 1) is clsest in meaning t______.A. building B. exchanging C. cntrlling D. transplanting
第一段：【段尾句+结论处】推断题If yu culd be anybdy in the wrld, wh wuld it be? Yur neighbr r a super star? A few peple have experienced what it might be like t step int the skin f anther persn, thanks t an unusual virtual reality（虚拟现实）device. Rikki Wahl, an actress, mdel and artist, was ne f the participants in a bdy swapping experiment at the Be Anther lab, a prject develped by a grup f artists based in Barcelna. She swapped with her partner, an actr, using a machine called The Machine t Be Anther and temprarily became a man. "As I lked dwn, I saw my whle bdy as a man, dressed in my partner's pants," she said. "That's the picture I remember best."
75. We can infer frm the experiment at the Be Anther lab that______.A. ur feelings are related t ur bdily experienceB. we can learn t take cntrl f ther peple's bdiesC. participants will live mre passinately after the experimentD. The Machine t Be Anther can help peple change their sexes
第二段：【段尾句】The set-up is relatively simple. Bth users wear a virtual reality headset with a camera n the tp. The vide frm each camera is sent t the ther persn, s what yu see is the exact view f yur partner. If she mves her arm, yu see it. If yu mve yur arm, she sees it.T get used t seeing anther persn's bdy withut actually having cntrl f it, participants start by raising their arms and legs very slwly, s that the ther can fllw alng. Eventually, this kind f slw synchrnized（同步的）mvement becmes cmfrtable, and participants really start t feel as thugh they are living in anther persn's bdy.
三、上海高考真题分析 【2014年C篇】
76. In the Implicit Assciatin Test, befre the participants used virtual reality glasses t cntrl a dark skinned digital character, ______.A. they fught strngly against racismB. they were mre biased against thse unlike themC. they changed their behaviur dramaticallyD. they scred lwer n the test fr racism
第四段：【结论处+段尾句+推断】Using such technlgy prmises t alter peple's behaviur afterwards-ptentially fr the better. Studies have shwn that virtual reality can be effective in fighting racism-the bias（偏见）that humans have against thse wh dn't lk r sund like them. Researchers at the University f Barcelna gave peple a questinnaire called the Implicit Assciatin Test, which measures the strength f peple's assciatins between, fr instance, black peple and adjectives such as gd, bad, athletic r awkward. Then they asked them t cntrl the bdy f a dark skinned digital character using virtual reality glasses, befre taking the test again. This time, the participants' bias scres were lwer. The idea is that nce yu've "put yurself in anther's shes" yu're less likely t think ill f them, because yur brain has internalized the feeling f being that persn.
三、上海高考真题分析 【2013年C篇】
第二段：【结论处+同义转述】“It’s extremely imprtant fr us t think abut this as a whle system and nt just the sum f a bunch f individual cmpnents (元件),” said Rbert Wd, the Harvard engineering prfessr wh has been wrking n the rbtic fly prject fr ver a decade. A few years ag, his team gt the g-ahead t start piecing tgether the cmpnents. 【“The added difficulty with a prject like this is that actually nne f thse cmpnents are ff the shelf and s we have t develp them all n ur wn,” he said.】
72. The difficulty the team f engineers met with while making the rbtic fly was that __________.A. they had n mdel in their mindB. they did nt have sufficient time C. they had n ready-made cmpnentsD. they culd nt assemble the cmpnents
第三段：【段首句+转折处+推断】While this first rbtic flyer is linked t a small, ff-bard（场外的）pwer surce, the gal is eventually t equip it with a built-in pwer surce, s that it might smeday perfrm data-gathering wrk at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields r n the battlefield. “Basically, it shuld be able t take ff, land and fly arund,” he said.
73. It can be inferred frm paragraphs 3 and 4 that the rbtic fly __________. A. cnsists f a flight device and a cntrl system B. can just fly in limited areas at the present time C. can cllect infrmatin frm many surces D. has been put int wide applicatin
第四段：【段首句+转折处+同义转述】Wd says the design ffers a new way t study flight mechanics and cntrl at insect-scale. Yet, the pwer, sensing and cmputatin technlgies n bard culd have much brader applicatins. “Yu can start thinking abut using them t answer pen scientific questins, yu knw, t study bilgy in ways that wuld be difficult with the animals, but using these rbts instead,” he said. “S there are a lt f technlgies and pen interesting scientific questins that are really what drives us n a day t day basis.”
74. Which f the fllwing can be learned frm the passage? A. The rbtic flyer is designed t learn abut insects. B. Animals are nt allwed in bilgical experiments. C. There used t be few ways t study hw insects fly. D. Wd’s design can replace animals in sme experiments.
考纲词汇+超纲词汇训练1. Nthing can cmpensate fr the lss f ne’s health. [ ]2. Encurage yur kid t reach a cmprmise between what he wants and what yu want. [ ]3. The educatr urged that the study f histry shuld be cmpulsry in schl. [ ]4. The tw parties hlding different views n the issue cnflicted at the meeting. [ ]5. Thse crrupt fficials were seriusly punished by law fr their illegal behavir. [ ]6. They discussed a lt at the cnference and finally the prblem was settled. [ ]7. Free trade and envirnmental prtectin has becme a cnsensus f cuntries in the wrld. [ ]8. The management plan cnsists f fur main cmpnents with each ne equally imprtant. [ ]9. With Christmas arund the crner, my mther is busy making preparatins fr it. [ ]10. What the hmeless peple wanted was sme fd and a csy bed. [ ]11. Practice is the nly criterin fr testing truth. [ ]12. He is a cnsultant n law affairs. Yu can ask him fr advice n yur divrce case. [ ]13. The cllisin tk place in the busiest shipping lanes in the wrld with n survivrs. [ ]14. Yu can g anywhere and still the cmpass pints nrth r suth. [ ]15. The dining rm has beautiful views and ffers delicius cuisine. [ ]16. Mr. Green chse t teach children in a cnventinal way rather than in a mdern way. [ ]17. Yu’ll need sme cash in lcal currency, but yu can als use yur credit card. [ ]18. All the schls have music and dancing as part f the curriculum. [ ]19. Bld circulates inside ur bdies. [ ]20. My ambitin was t wrk in a circus, s that I can perfrm shws with animals. [ ]
The secnd half f the 20th century saw a cllectin f geniuses, warrirs, entrepreneurs and visinaries labr t create a fabulus machine that culd functin as a typewriter and printing press, studi and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, pian and radi, the mail as well as the mail carrier．As Davidsn ntes, “In the 10 years ending in 2009, factries shed wrkers s fast that they erased almst all the gains f the previus 70 years；rughly ne ut f every three manufacturing jbs disappeared.”Unfrtunately，L.A．Unified has prduced an inflexible plicy which regulates that with the exceptin f sme advanced curses，hmewrk may n lnger cunt fr mre than 10％f a student's academic grade．This rule is meant t address the difficulty that students frm impverished r chatic hmes might have in cmpleting their hmewrk．Tyta Mtr mderated sme f the damage frm its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-rchestrated scial-media respnse campaign，which included effrts t engage with cnsumers directly n sites such as Twitter and the scial-news site Digg．The whirlwind that swept thrugh newsrms harmed everybdy, but much f the damage has been cncentrated in areas where newspapers are least distinctive．The Internet—and pressure frm funding agencies, wh are questining why cmmercial publishers are making mney frm gvernment-funded research by restricting access t it—is making access t scientific results a reality．Nw the natin's tp patent curt appears cmpletely ready t scale back n business-methd patents, which have been cntrversial ever since they were first authrized 10 years ag．The researchers’ argument stems frm a simple bservatin abut scial influence: With the exceptin f a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey—whse utsize presence is primarily a functin f media, nt interpersnal influence—even the mst influential members f a ppulatin simply dn't interact with that many thers．Washingtn, believing that all men were created equal after bserving the bravery f the black sldiers during the Revlutinary War，vercame the strng ppsitin f his relatives t grant his slaves their freedm in his will.
2022 年高考(上海卷) 试卷结构
2017年高考英语（上海卷）测量目标
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1) 字数：A篇· 348+B篇· 267+C篇·4182) 题材：科普、社会、文化、政治、经济3) 体裁：记叙文、说明文、议论文4) 题型：词义猜测题、细节题、推断题、主旨大意题、态度题选择粘贴，并选择只保留文字。
推断题举例69. It can be cncluded frm the passage that “Patty Pem” leads the writer t _______.【2016 A篇】70. It can be cncluded frm paragraph 1 that _______.【2016 B篇】74. It can be inferred frm the passage that Nigel Shadblt dubts whether _______.【2016 C篇】69. What can be cncluded abut snwmen frm the passage? 【2015 A篇】76. It can be inferred frm the passage that ____. 【2015 C篇】75. We can infer frm the experiment at the Be Anther lab that______. 【2014 C篇】主旨题举例77. Which f the fllwing is the best title f the passage? 【2015 C篇】70. In the film review, what is paragraph A mainly abut? 【2015 B篇】77. The best title fr the passage is _____. 【2014 B篇】69. Which f the fllwing might be the best title f the passage? 【2014 A篇】75. Which f the fllwing might be the best title f the passage? 【2013 C篇】 75. Which f the fllwing might be the best title f the passage? 【2012 C篇】
阅读教学中学生自认存在的问题
阅读一定要通读全文，通读全部选项
阅读做不好是平时刷题太少
阅读教学中学生实际存在的问题
阅读教学中教师存在的问题
教学重点就是单词和语法，把阅读课变成了单词课、语法课。
阅读课上的导入活动方法较单一，很少能激发学生去深入地思考有关阅读材料的各种问题。
教师在阅读课上的读后活动效果不佳，很难能达到提高逻辑思维能力和创新能力目标。
教师没有教会学生概括文章主旨或段落大意，文章整体结构，作者写作目的等能力。没有教会学生略读，精读，跳读，猜测等阅读策略
[1段]One f the executives gathered at the Aspen Institute fr a day-lng leadership wrkshp using the wrks f Shakespeare was discussing the rle f Brutus in the death f Julius Caesar. “Brutus was nt an hnrable man,” he said. “He was a traitr (叛徒). And he murdered smene in cld bld.” The agreement was that Brutus had acted with cruelty when ther ptins were available t him. He made a bad decisin, they said—at least as it was presented by Shakespeare—t take the lead in murdering Julius Caesar. And thugh ne f the executives acknwledged that Brutus had the gd f the republic in mind, Caesar was nevertheless his superir. “Yu have t understand,” the executives said, “ur plicy is t bey the chain f cmmand.”[2段] During the last few years, business executives and bk writers lking fr a new way t advise crprate America have been expliting Shakespeare’s wisdm fr prfitable ends. Nne mre s than husband and wife team Kenneth and Carl Adelman, well-knwn advisers t the White Huse, wh started up a training cmpany called “Mvers and Shakespeares”. They are amateur Shakespeare schlars and Shakespeare lvers, and they have cmbined their passin and their high level cntacts int a management training business. They cnduct between 30 and40 wrkshps annually, fcusing n half a dzen different plays, mstly fr crpratins, but als fr gvernment agencies.[3段] The wrkshps all take the same frm, fcusing n a single play as a kind f case study, and using individual scenes as specific lessns. In Julius Caesar, fr example, Cassius’s sly prvcatin (狡诈的挑唆) f Brutus t take up arms against Caesar was the basis fr a discussin f methds f team building and grass rts rganizing.[4段] Althugh neither f the Adelmans is academically trained in literature, the prgrammes cntain plenty f Shakespeare traditin and backgrund. Their wrkshp n Henry V, fr example, includes a helpful explanatin f Henry’s winning strategy at the Battle f Agincurt. But they d cme t the text with a few biases (偏向): their reading f Henry V minimizes his misuse f pwer. Instead, they emphasize the stry f the yuth wh seizes pprtunity and becmes a masterful leader. And at the wrkshp n Caesar, Mr. Adelmans had little gd t say abut Brutus, saying “the nblest Rman f them all" culdn't make his mind up abut things.[5段] Many f the participants pinted t very specific elements in the play that they felt t be related. Caesar’s pride, which led t his murder, and Brutus’s mistakes in leading the traitrs after the murder, they said, raise vital questins fr anyne serving in a business when and hw d yu resist the bss? （459 wrds）
73. Accrding t paragraph 1, what did all the executives think f Brutus?A. Cruel. B. Superir. C. Hnrable. D. Rude.74. Accrding t the passage, the Adelman set up “Mvers and Shakespeares” t ________.A. help executives t understand Shakespeare’s plays betterB. give advice n leadership by analyzing Shakespeare’s playsC. prvide case studies f Shakespeare’s plays in literature wrkshpsD. guide gvernment agencies t fllw the characters in Shakespeare's plays.75. Why d the Adelmans cnduct a wrkshp n Henry V?A. T highlight the imprtance f catching pprtunities.B. T encurage masterful leaders t plan strategies t win.C. T illustrate the harm f prejudices in management. D. T warn executives against pwer misuse.76. It can be inferred frm the passage that ________.A. the Adelmans’ prgram prves biased as the rles f characters are maximized.B. executives feel bred with t many specific elements f Shakespeare’s plays.C. the Adelmans will make mre prfits if they are prfessinal schlars.D. Shakespeare has played an imprtant rle in the management field.77. The best title fr the passage is _____.A. Shakespeare’s plays: Executives recnsider crprate cultureB. Shakespeare’s plays: An essential key t business successC. Shakespeare’s plays: A lessn fr business mtivatinD. Shakespeare’s plays: Dramatic training brings dramatic results
[1段] Enugh “meaningless drivel”. That’s the message frm a grup f members f the UK gvernment wh have been examining hw scial media firms like LinkedIn gather and use scial media data.[2段] The Huse f Cmmns Science and Technlgy Cmmittee’s reprt, released last week, has blamed firms fr making peple sign up t lng incmprehensible legal cntracts and calls fr an internatinal standard r kitemark (认证标记) t identify sites that have clear terms and cnditins.[3段]“The term and cnditins statement that we all carelessly agree t is meaningless drivel t anyne,” says Andrew Miller, the chair f the cmmittee. Instead, he says, firms shuld prvide a plain-English versin f their terms. The simplified versin wuld be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflectin f the riginal.[4段] It is nt yet clear wh wuld administer the scheme, but the UK gvernment is lking at intrducing it n a vluntary basis. “we need t think thrugh hw we make that wrk in practice,” says Miller.[5段] Wuld we pay any mre attentin t a kitemark? “I think if yu went and did the survey, peple wuld like t think they wuld,” says Nigel Shadblt at the University f Suthamptn, UK, wh studies pen data. “We d knw peple wrry a lt abut the inapprpriate use f their infrmatin.” But what wuld happen in practice is anther matter, he says.[6段] Other rganizatins such as banks ask custmers t sign lng cntracts they may nt read r understand, but Miller believes scial media requires special attentin because it is s new. “We still dn’t knw hw significant the lng-term impact is ging t be f unwise things that kids put n scial media that cme back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says.[7段] Shadblt, wh gave evidence t the cmmittee, says the prblem is that we dn’t knw hw cmpanies will use ur data because their business mdels and uses f data are still evlving. Large cllectins f persnal infrmatin have becme valuable nly recently, he says.[8段] The shck and anger when a scial media firm des smething with data that peple dn’t expect, even if users have apparently permissin, shw that the current situatin isn’t wrking. If prperly administered, a kitemark n terms and cnditins culd help peple knw what exactly they are signing up t. Althugh they wuld still have t actually read them. (405wrds)
73. What des the phrase “ meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer t?A. Legal cntracts that scial media firms make peple sign up t.B. Warnings frm the UK gvernment against unsafe websites.C. Guidelines n hw t use scial media websites prperly.D. Insignificant data cllected by scial media firms. 74. It can be inferred frm the passage that Nigel Shadblt dubts whether _______.A. scial media firms wuld cnduct a survey n the kitemark schemeB. peple wuld pay as much attentin t a kitemark as they thinkC. a kitemark scheme wuld be wrkable n a natinwide scaleD. the kitemark wuld help cmpanies develp their business mdels75. Andrew Miller thinks scial media needs mre attentin than banks mainly because _______. A. their users cnsist largely f kids under 20 years ldB. the language in their cntracts is usually harder t understandC. the infrmatin they cllected culd becme mre valuable in futureD. it remains unknwn hw users’ data will be taken advantage f76. The writer advises users f scial media t _______.A. think carefully befre psting anything nt such websitesB. read the terms and cnditins even if there is a kitemarkC. take n further actin if they can find a kitemarkD. avid prviding t much persnal infrmatin77. Which f the fllwing is the best title f the passage?A. Say n t scial media?B. New security rules in peratin?C. Accept withut reading?D. Administratin matters!
定位句match选项句
2018闵行一模[1段] One f the main challenges facing many cuntries is hw t maintain their identity in the face f glbalizatin and the grwing multi-language trend. “One f the main reasns fr ecnmic failure in many African cuntries is the fact that, with a few imprtant exceptins, mther-tngue educatin is nt practiced in any f the independent African states.” said Neville Alexander, Directr f the Prject fr the Study f Alternative Educatin in Suth Africa at the University f Cape Twn.[2段] In respnse t the spread f English and the increased multi-language trends arising frm immigratin, many cuntries have intrduced language laws in the last decade. In sme, the use f languages ther than the natinal language is banned in public spaces such as advertising psters. One f the first such legal prvisins was the 1994 “Tubn law” in France, and the idea has been cpied in many cuntries since then. Such effrts t gvern language use are ften cnsidered as futile by language experts, wh are well aware f the difficulty in cntrlling fashins in speech and knw frm research that language switching amng bilinguals is a natural prcess.[3段] It is especially difficult fr native speakers f English t understand the desire t maintain the “purity” f a language by law. Since the time f Shakespeare, English has cntinually absrbed freign wrds int its wn language. English is ne f the mst mixed and rapidly changing languages in the wrld, but that has nt been a barrier t acquiring superirity and pwer. Anther reasn fr the failure f many native English speakers t understand the rle f the state regulatin is that it has never been the Angl-Saxn way f ding things. English has never had a state-cntrlled authrity fr the language, similar, fr example, t the Academic Françise in France.[4段] The need t prtect natinal languages is, fr mst western Eurpeans, a recent phenmenn—especially the need t ensure that English des nt unnecessarily take ver t many fields. Public cmmunicatin, educatin and new ways f cmmunicatin prmted by technlgy, may be key fields t defend.
63. Neville Alexander believes that __________. A. mther-tngue educatin is nt practiced in all African cuntries B. glbalizatin has resulted in the ecnmic failure f Africa C. glbalizatin has led t the rise f multi-language trend D. lack f mther-tngue educatin can lead t ecnmic failure64. The underlined wrd “futile” (in paragraph 2) mst prbably means “ __________”. A. wrkable B. practical C. useless D. unnecessary65. Why d many English-speaking cuntries nt supprt the language prtectin effrts described in the passage? A. They think language prtectin laws are ineffective. B. They want their language t spread t ther cuntries. C. They have a lng histry f taking wrds frm ther languages. D. It reduces a language’s ability t acquire internatinal imprtance.66. What can we infer frm the last paragraph? A. English has taken ver fields like public cmmunicatin and educatin. B. Many aspects f natinal culture are threatened by the spread f English. C. Mst language experts believe it is imprtant t prmte a natinal language. D. Eurpeans have lng realized the need t prtect a natinal language.
2018浦东一模 Dental health: Brush with cnfidence[1段] Children shuld be taught t brush their teeth regularly. But the suspicin remains amng sme peple, dentists included, that even s, certain children are dmed t develp dental cavities. The hypthesis behind this fear is that sme cmbinatins f genes may give rise t the srts f ral bacteria which are respnsible fr cavities. If true, that wuld be sad fr the yungsters cncerned. But a study just published in Cell Hst and Micrbe, by Andres Gmez and Karen Nelsn f the J. Craig Venter Institute, in San Dieg, suggests it isn’t true.[2段] The muth is hme t many species f micrbes. Mst are gd. Sme, thugh, are well knwn t secrete acidic waste prducts when fed sugar. This acidity weakens teeth, causing them t decay. T try t find ut whether a child’s genes play any rle in encuraging such acid-secreting bugs, Dr Gmez and Dr Nelsn set up an experiment with twins.[3段] Their “vlunteers” were 280 pairs f fraternal twins and 205 pairs f identical twins, all aged between five and 11, wh had nt taken antibitics during the previus six mnths. The children were asked t stp brushing their teeth the evening and the mrning befre the crucial mment f data cllectin. This was when the researchers swabbed the children’s gingival sulci (the clefts between teeth and gums, in which bacteria cllect) t find ut what was there. The children als had their teeth scred by dentists as belnging t ne f three categries: having n signs f current r previus dental cavities; having signs f current r previus cavities affecting the enamel (a tth’s hard, uter layer); r having signs f cavities that penetrated the enamel and affected the underlying dentine as well.[4段] Dr Gmez and Dr Nelsn fund that, thugh identical twins shared many grups f bacteria which were nt shared by fraternal twins, nne f these was a type respnsible fr cavities. Mrever, similarities in bacterial flra were greatest amng five- t seven-year-lds, weaker amng seven-t-nine-year-ld and weakest amng nine-t-11-year-lds. This suggests that any rle genes d play in regulating the muth’s eclgy fades with time.[5段] Far frm supprting the idea that sme children are fated t suffer frm cavities n matter hw well they brush their teeth, these results make it clear that the pwer t cntrl the grwth f the relevant bacteria is very much within reach f children and their parents. Brushing, hwever, may nt be the nly apprach. Aviding sugary fds is bviusly de rigueur. It seems likely, thugh, that which ther fds a child eats may help shape his ral ecsystem, t. This is an area f nging research. But, as in the intestines（肠道）, s in the muth, scientific medicine is at last cming t grips with the fact that the mixture f micrbes present is bth imprtant and capable f manipulatin, t the benefit f the hst.
段落数＞题目数，无主旨题
63. What des “hypthesis” refer t in paragraph 1?A. Children’s failure t brush their teeth prperly leads t tth decay.B. Sme children are prgrammed t develp tth decay.C. Yungsters are suspicius f the effectiveness f tth-brushing.D. Sme genes are mre likely t lead t dental cavities.64. Dr Gmez and Dr Nelsn cnducted an experiment t find ut_________.A. whether genes have anything t d with dental decayB. which grup f twins are mre likely t have decayed teethC. what kinds f fds tend t give rise t tth decayD. why the ecsystem f the intestines is similar t that f the muth65. Which f the fllwing statements is UNTRUE accrding t the passage?A. Scientists are nt yet sure hw ecsystem f the muth is frmed.B. The rle genes play in cntrlling ecsystem f the muth weakens with the time.C. The children are classified int three grups accrding t the degrees f dental cavities.D. Identical twins are nt as genetically clse t each ther as fraternal twins.66. What can we learn frm the last paragraph?A. The existence f multiple micrbes benefits children’s ral ecsystem.B. What a child eats enhances the healthfulness f a child’s ral ecsystem.C. Cutting dwn n sugar intake is the mst likely way t prevent tth decay.D. Parents are in n psitin t help their children maintain healthy ral ecsystem.
段落数＞题目数，有篇章题
[1段] Mre than five millin different kinds f rganisms(生物体) live n the Earth. Fr thusands f years, humans have searched fr ways t rganize this diversity(多样性). In the eighteenth century, a Swedish prfessr, physician, and naturalist named Carlus Linnaeus develped the system f naming and classifying rganisms that we use tday.[2段] Linnaeus cntributed t the mdern classificatin f rganisms in tw ways. He first develped a cnventin fr naming life frms.[3段] Befre Linnaeus came up with a standardized system f naming, there were ften many names fr a single species, and these names tended t be lng and cnfusing. Linnaeus decided that all species names shuld be in Latin and shuld have tw parts, ne indicating the genus(plural: genera), a grup that includes similar species and ne indicating the specific name f the species. When written alne, the specific name is meaningless since many different species in different genera have the same specific name. The specific name familiaris, fr example, is cmmnly used t describe species. Therefre, when used by itself, it wuld nt describe any ne rganism. When the genus is als given, hwever, as in Canis familiaris, we knw that the name refers t a specific rganism: the dmestic dg. [4段] Linnaeus was als the riginatr f mdern taxnmy, a system f classifying nature based n hierarchical(分层的) grupings. Linnaeus first gruped life frms int three brad grups, called kingdms. These kingdms were animals, plants, and minerals. He divided each f these kingdms int classes, classes int rders, rders int genera (genus is singular) and then genera int species, gruping rganisms accrding t shared physical characteristics. [5段] Althugh mdern taxnmists still use the hierarchical structure f Linnaeus’s classificatin system as well as his methd f gruping rganisms accrding t bservable similarities, they have added hierarchical levels and significantly changed Linnaeus’s riginal grupings. The bradest level f life is nw a dmain. All living things fit int nly three dmains. Within each f these dmains there are kingdms. Each kingdm cntains phyla (singular is phylum), fllwed by class, rder, family, genus, and species.[6段] In additin t the Linnaean kingdms f plants and animals, bilgists recgnize prkarytes, prtists, and fungi as separate kingdms. The prkarytes are the ldest and mst abundant grup f rganisms. They are als the smallest cellular rganisms. Cmmn bacteria, which have been knwn t survive in many envirnments that supprt n ther frm f life, fall int this categry. The prtist kingdm is made up f a variety f single-celled r simple multicellular rganisms. Prtists d nt have much in cmmn. They are, essentially, thse rganisms which d nt fit int any ther kingdm. Fungi cmpse a third kingdm. Like plants, the cells f fungi have cell walls, giving them a tube-like structure. Hwever, fungi d nt prduce their wn carbn as plants d. Rather, they acquire nutrients by absrbing and digesting carbn prduced by ther rganisms. Yeasts and mushrms are examples f fungi.
63. The writer gives the scientific name f the dmestic dg in paragraph 3 in rder t __________.A. demnstrate Linnaeus’s methd f classificatinB. intrduce the need fr a better system f naming rganismsC. criticize the cmplexity f Linnaeus’s naming system D. illustrate the necessity f including tw parts when naming rganism64. Which f the fllwing can be learned frm the passage?A. The hierarchical structure f Linnaeus’s system fr classifying is n lnger in use.B. Linnaeus’s riginal system f classificatin cnsisted f 3 dmains.C. Linnaeus’s riginal system f classificatin is used tday with little mdificatins.D. Mdern taxnmists have added categries and regruped rganisms.65. Which f the fllwing is TRUE abut prtists?A. They d nt share the characteristics f any f the ther fur kingdms.B. They are gruped tgether based n similar characteristics.C. They are limited t single-cell rganisms.D. They acquire nutrients by eating ther rganisms.66. Which f the fllwing might be the best title f the passage?A. The Father f Mdern TaxnmyB. Classifying OrganismsC. Develpment in Life FrmsD. Linnaeus’s Classificatin System
3. The writer gives the scientific name f the dmestic dg in paragraph 3 in rder t __________. 【2018徐汇一模】A. demnstrate Linnaeus’s methd f classificatinB. intrduce the need fr a better system f naming rganismsC. criticize the cmplexity f Linnaeus’s naming system D. illustrate the necessity f including tw parts when naming rganism[3段] Befre Linnaeus came up with a standardized system f naming, there were ften many names fr a single species, and these names tended t be lng and cnfusing. Linnaeus decided that all species names shuld be in Latin and shuld have tw parts, ne indicating the genus(plural: genera), a grup that includes similar species and ne indicating the specific name f the species. When written alne, the specific name is meaningless since many different species in different genera have the same specific name. The specific name familiaris, fr example, is cmmnly used t describe species. Therefre, when used by itself, it wuld nt describe any ne rganism. When the genus is als given, hwever, as in Canis familiaris, we knw that the name refers t a specific rganism: the dmestic dg. [3段] Befre Linnaeus came up with a standardized system f naming, there were ften many names fr a single species, and these names tended t be lng and cnfusing. Linnaeus decided that all species names shuld be in Latin and shuld have tw parts, ne indicating the genus(plural: genera), a grup that includes similar species and ne indicating the specific name f the species. When written alne, the specific name is meaningless since many different species in different genera have the same specific name. The specific name familiaris, fr example, is cmmnly used t describe species. Therefre, when used by itself, it wuld nt describe any ne rganism. When the genus is als given, hwever, as in Canis familiaris, we knw that the name refers t a specific rganism: the dmestic dg.
1、题干中有段落信息+有关键词
1. Fast Track is aimed t _____. 【2018崇明一模】 A. imprve children’s academic skills B. help the children with behavir disrders C. identify the prblematic children D. classify children int different grups[2段] Duke University researchers lked at a prgram called Fast Track, which was started in the 1990s fr children wh were identified by their teachers and parents t be at high risk fr develping aggressive behaviral prblems.
2、题干中无段落信息+有关键词
2. Neil Bernstein thinks that _____. 【2018崇明一模】 A. empathic children are mre likely t have higher emtinal intelligence B. the findings f the studies disagree with what he has fund in his wrk C. empathy is equally essential in educating and scializing children D. self-cntrl and scial skills are nt as imprtant as empathy[7段] T Neil Bernstein, a psychlgist in Washingtn, D.C., wh specializes in child and adlescent behavir disrders, the researchers’ findings seem t match what he’s seen amng the general public in wrking with children fr mre than 30 years. And while he says he agrees with the imprtance f teaching self-cntrl and scial skills, he wuld add empathy t the list, t.
3、题干中无段落信息+无关键词【例65】
64.“Keep the teacher at bay” (paragragh3) means the way hmewrk is dne____. 【2017嘉定一模】A. impses enrmus meaningless evaluating wrk n teachersB. blcks teachers frm knwing mre abut their studentsC. displays the great effrts students make t satisfy their teachersD. shws achievements teachers expect t accmplish in their wrk65. What can be inferred frm the passage? 【2017嘉定一模】A. Hmewrk is hardly functining as is naturally expected.B. Parents need t stand away frm their children’s hmewrk.C. Students prefer ding hmewrk elsewhere instead f at hme.D. The quality f hmewrk is usually teachers’ first cncern. [3段] Cnsidering the secnd part f the cmpund nun pens up further questins. If the idea f hme can be prblematic, s t can the cncept f wrk. Again, this will depend enrmusly n the cntext but , very ften there is a lt f wrk put in. Demands n their time and attentin span (持续时间) and all srts f ther impsitins mean hmewrk is usually smething t get ut f the way, t be ticked ff as dne, with the exercises cmpleted as fast as pssible. It is nt always seen as useful times spent develping and strengthening what is dne in class but, rather, as smething quickly finished t keep the teacher at bay. It might be crrect r nt, cpied frm a friend r cut and pasted frm the internet, but the imprtant thing is that a teacher sees the exercise cmpleted and, as a result, the task achieved: hw much effrt went int that result is nt always appreciated r easy t evaluate and, even When wrk clearly falls belw standard, and the mere fact f its having been dne is ften gd enugh. Teacher and students are happy because everyne has fficially fulfilled their cmmitment.[4段] The ideal that students g hme, think back t what they did with their teacher, use the great resurces their bks and the internet prvide t revise, reflect and put everything they have seen in class in place, int actin, int practice, des nt ften happen with sme students.
65. Which f the fllwing statements is True accrding t the passage?【2017闵行一模】A. Playwrights envy the simplicity f the nvelist’s wrk.B. Experience in the theatre imprves the wrk f screenplay writers.C. Screenplay writers usually have the final say in hw a TV drama will turn ut.D. Playwrights are frequently invlved in revising their wrk.66. What can we infer frm the last paragraph? 【2017闵行一模】A. Screenplay writers shuld take the success f televisin drama in their hands.B. Screenplay writers shuld be mre sensitive abut their cntractual right.C. The directrs play a decisive rle in the final utcme f televisin drama.D. Critics f televisin drama tend t neglect the imprtance f writer and actrs.[3段] The prductin f a stage play invlves, as well as the wrds f the authr, the physical presence f the actrs, their vices and gestures, the “set” and pssibly music. Althugh the script is the essential basis f bth stage play and film, it is a basis fr subsequent revisin negtiated between the writer and the ther creative peple invlved. They are given “apprval” f the chice f directr and actrs and have the right t attend rehearsals(排演), during which perid they may undertake mre rewriting wrk. In the case f the screenplay, the writer may have little r n cntrl ver the final frm f his wrk. Cntracts fr the prductin f plays prtect the rights f authrs in this respect.[4段] In film r televisin wrk, n the ther hand, the screenplay writer has n cntractual right t this degree f cnsultatin. While the script is ging thrugh its varius drafts, the writer is in the driver’s seat, althugh smetimes receiving criticism frm the prducer and the directr. But nce the prductin is under way, artistic cntrl ver the prject tends t pass t the directr. This is a fact verlked by mst jurnalistic critics f televisin drama, wh tend t give all the credit r blame fr success r failure f a prductin t the writer and actrs, ignring the cntributin, fr gd r ill, f the directr. 【2017闵行一模】
4、best title 题
66. Which f the fllwing is the best title f the passage?【2018普陀一模】A. Fr the Gd’s sake, stp AI and be yurselves!B. Can we build AI withut lsing cntrl ver it?C. Fr r against AI, that is the questin!D. Hw des superintelligence serve the peple? [1段] Given hw valuable intelligence and autmatin are, we will cntinue t imprve ur technlgy if we are at all able t. At a certain pint, we will build machines that are smarter than we are. Once we have machines that are smarter than we are, they will begin t imprve themselves. And then we risk what the mathematician IJ Gd called an “intelligence explsin”. The prcess culd get ut f cntrl.66. Which f the fllwing might be the best title f the passage? 【2018徐汇一模】A. The Father f Mdern TaxnmyB. Classifying OrganismsC. Develpment in Life FrmsD. Linnaeus’s Classificatin System[1段] Mre than five millin different kinds f rganisms(生物体) live n the Earth. Fr thusands f years, humans have searched fr ways t rganize this diversity(多样性). In the eighteenth century, a Swedish prfessr, physician, and naturalist named Carlus Linnaeus develped the system f naming and classifying rganisms that we use tday.
题干有段落信息和关键词
题干无段落信息和关键词
best title题
定位段不需要认真读的地方
虚词anther ther mre either bth als beside additinal extra different same particular nearly nt enugh
重要、基础imprtant necessity essential basis be based n
变化类change delay imprve pstpne increase
含义不肯定can culd may usually might mst mre r less relatively be likely t
①无中生有(未提及的概念);②正反混淆(选项的意思跟原文的意思正好相反);③所答非所问(虽然选项的说法没有问题，符合原文，但和题干搭不上边)
①过分绝对;②扩大范围③因果倒置;④常识判断;⑤推得过远;⑥偏离中心;⑦变换词性。
三、上海高考真题分析 【2016年C篇】
74. It can be inferred frm the passage that Nigel Shadblt dubts whether _______.A. scial media firms wuld cnduct a survey n the kitemark schemeB. peple wuld pay as much attentin t a kitemark as they thinkC. a kitemark scheme wuld be wrkable n a natinwide scaleD. the kitemark wuld help cmpanies develp their business mdels
第五段：【段首句+转折处】Wuld we pay any mre attentin t a kitemark? “I think if yu went and did the survey, peple wuld like t think they wuld,” says Nigel Shadblt at the University f Suthamptn, UK, wh studies pen data. “We d knw peple wrry a lt abut the inapprpriate use f their infrmatin.” But what wuld happen in practice is anther matter, he says.
三、上海高考真题分析 【2016年C篇】
75. Andrew Miller thinks scial media needs mre attentin than banks mainly because _______.A. their users cnsist largely f kids under 20 years ldB. the language in their cntracts is usually harder t understandC. the infrmatin they cllected culd becme mre valuable in futureD. it remains unknwn hw users’ data will be taken advantage f
第六段：【转折+结论处】Other rganizatins such as banks ask custmers t sign lng cntracts they may nt read r understand, but Miller believes scial media requires special attentin because it is s new. “We still dn’t knw hw significant the lng-term impact is ging t be f unwise things that kids put n scial media that cme back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says.第七段：对第六段的重复Shadblt, wh gave evidence t the cmmittee, says the prblem is that we dn’t knw hw cmpanies will use ur data because their business mdels and uses f data are still evlving. Large cllectins f persnal infrmatin have becme valuable nly recently, he says.
三、上海高考真题分析 【2016年C篇】
76. The writer advises users f scial media t _______.A. think carefully befre psting anything nt such websitesB. read the terms and cnditins even if there is a kitemarkC. take n further actin if they can find a kitemarkD. avid prviding t much persnal infrmatin
第八段：【转折+因果处】推断题The shck and anger when a scial media firm des smething with data that peple dn’t expect, even if users have apparently permissin, shw that the current situatin isn’t wrking. If prperly administered, a kitemark n terms and cnditins culd help peple knw what exactly they are signing up t. Althugh they wuld still have t actually read them.
三、上海高考真题分析 【2015年C篇】
73. Accrding t paragraph 1, what did all the executives think f Brutus?A. Cruel. B. Superir. C. Hnrable. D. Rude
第一段：【结论处】推断题One f the executives gathered at the Aspen Institute fr a day-lng leadership wrkshp using the wrks f Shakespeare was discussing the rle f Brutus in the death f Julius Caesar. “Brutus was nt an hnrable man,” he said. “He was a traitr（叛徒）. And he murdered smene in cld bld.” The agreement was that Brutus had acted with cruelty when ther ptins were available t him. He made a bad decisin, they said—at least as it was presented by Shakespeare—t take the lead in murdering Julius Caesar. And thugh ne f the executives acknwledged that Brutus had the gd f the republic in mind, Caesar was nevertheless his superir. “Yu have t understand,” the executives said, “ur plicy is t bey the chain f cmmand.”
74. The Adelmans set up “Mvers and Shakespeares” t ________.A. help executives t understand Shakespeare’s plays betterB. give advice n leadership by analyzing Shakespeare’s playsC. prvide case studies f Shakespeare’s plays in literature wrkshps D. guide gvernment agencies t fllw the characters in Shakespeare’s plays.
第二段+第三段：【段首句+段尾句+比较处】推断题 During the last few years, business executives and bk writers lking fr a new way t advise crprate America have been expliting Shakespeare’s wisdm fr prfitable ends. Nne mre s than husband and wife team Kenneth and Carl Adelman, well-knwn advisers t the White Huse, wh started up a training cmpany called “Mvers and Shakespeares”. They are amateur Shakespeare schlars and Shakespeare lvers, and they have cmbined their passin and their high-level cntacts int a management training business. They cnduct between 30 and 40 wrkshps annually, fcusing n half a dzen different plays, mstly fr crpratins, but als fr gvernment agencies. The wrkshps all take the same frm, fcusing n a single play as a kind f case study, and using individual scenes as specific lessns. In Julius Caesar, fr example, Cassius’s sly prvcatin（狡诈的挑唆）f Brutus t take up arms against Caesar was a basis fr a discussin f methds f team building and grass rts rganizing.
75. Why d the Adelmans cnduct a wrkshp n Henry V?A. T highlight the imprtance f catching pprtunities.B. T encurage masterful leaders t plan strategies t win.C. T illustrate the harm f prejudices in management. D. T warn executives against pwer misuse.
第四段：【转折处】同义转述Althugh neither f the Adelmans is academically trained in literature, the prgrammes cntain plenty f Shakespeare traditin and backgrund. Their wrkshp n Henry V, fr example, includes a helpful explanatin f Henry’s winning strategy at the Battle f Agincurt. But they d cme t the text with a few biases (偏向): their reading f Henry V minimizes his misuse f pwer. Instead, they emphasize the stry f the yuth wh seizes pprtunity and becmes a masterful leader. And at the wrkshp n Caesar, Mr. Adelmans had little gd t say abut Brutus, saying “the nblest Rman f them all” culdn’t make his mind up abut things.
三、上海高考真题分析 【2014年C篇】
74. The wrd "swapping" (paragraph 1) is clsest in meaning t______.A. building B. exchanging C. cntrlling D. transplanting
第一段：【段尾句+结论处】推断题If yu culd be anybdy in the wrld, wh wuld it be? Yur neighbr r a super star? A few peple have experienced what it might be like t step int the skin f anther persn, thanks t an unusual virtual reality（虚拟现实）device. Rikki Wahl, an actress, mdel and artist, was ne f the participants in a bdy swapping experiment at the Be Anther lab, a prject develped by a grup f artists based in Barcelna. She swapped with her partner, an actr, using a machine called The Machine t Be Anther and temprarily became a man. "As I lked dwn, I saw my whle bdy as a man, dressed in my partner's pants," she said. "That's the picture I remember best."
75. We can infer frm the experiment at the Be Anther lab that______.A. ur feelings are related t ur bdily experienceB. we can learn t take cntrl f ther peple's bdiesC. participants will live mre passinately after the experimentD. The Machine t Be Anther can help peple change their sexes
第二段：【段尾句】The set-up is relatively simple. Bth users wear a virtual reality headset with a camera n the tp. The vide frm each camera is sent t the ther persn, s what yu see is the exact view f yur partner. If she mves her arm, yu see it. If yu mve yur arm, she sees it.T get used t seeing anther persn's bdy withut actually having cntrl f it, participants start by raising their arms and legs very slwly, s that the ther can fllw alng. Eventually, this kind f slw synchrnized（同步的）mvement becmes cmfrtable, and participants really start t feel as thugh they are living in anther persn's bdy.
三、上海高考真题分析 【2014年C篇】
76. In the Implicit Assciatin Test, befre the participants used virtual reality glasses t cntrl a dark skinned digital character, ______.A. they fught strngly against racismB. they were mre biased against thse unlike themC. they changed their behaviur dramaticallyD. they scred lwer n the test fr racism
第四段：【结论处+段尾句+推断】Using such technlgy prmises t alter peple's behaviur afterwards-ptentially fr the better. Studies have shwn that virtual reality can be effective in fighting racism-the bias（偏见）that humans have against thse wh dn't lk r sund like them. Researchers at the University f Barcelna gave peple a questinnaire called the Implicit Assciatin Test, which measures the strength f peple's assciatins between, fr instance, black peple and adjectives such as gd, bad, athletic r awkward. Then they asked them t cntrl the bdy f a dark skinned digital character using virtual reality glasses, befre taking the test again. This time, the participants' bias scres were lwer. The idea is that nce yu've "put yurself in anther's shes" yu're less likely t think ill f them, because yur brain has internalized the feeling f being that persn.
三、上海高考真题分析 【2013年C篇】
第二段：【结论处+同义转述】“It’s extremely imprtant fr us t think abut this as a whle system and nt just the sum f a bunch f individual cmpnents (元件),” said Rbert Wd, the Harvard engineering prfessr wh has been wrking n the rbtic fly prject fr ver a decade. A few years ag, his team gt the g-ahead t start piecing tgether the cmpnents. 【“The added difficulty with a prject like this is that actually nne f thse cmpnents are ff the shelf and s we have t develp them all n ur wn,” he said.】
72. The difficulty the team f engineers met with while making the rbtic fly was that __________.A. they had n mdel in their mindB. they did nt have sufficient time C. they had n ready-made cmpnentsD. they culd nt assemble the cmpnents
第三段：【段首句+转折处+推断】While this first rbtic flyer is linked t a small, ff-bard（场外的）pwer surce, the gal is eventually t equip it with a built-in pwer surce, s that it might smeday perfrm data-gathering wrk at rescue sites, in farmers’ fields r n the battlefield. “Basically, it shuld be able t take ff, land and fly arund,” he said.
73. It can be inferred frm paragraphs 3 and 4 that the rbtic fly __________. A. cnsists f a flight device and a cntrl system B. can just fly in limited areas at the present time C. can cllect infrmatin frm many surces D. has been put int wide applicatin
第四段：【段首句+转折处+同义转述】Wd says the design ffers a new way t study flight mechanics and cntrl at insect-scale. Yet, the pwer, sensing and cmputatin technlgies n bard culd have much brader applicatins. “Yu can start thinking abut using them t answer pen scientific questins, yu knw, t study bilgy in ways that wuld be difficult with the animals, but using these rbts instead,” he said. “S there are a lt f technlgies and pen interesting scientific questins that are really what drives us n a day t day basis.”
74. Which f the fllwing can be learned frm the passage? A. The rbtic flyer is designed t learn abut insects. B. Animals are nt allwed in bilgical experiments. C. There used t be few ways t study hw insects fly. D. Wd’s design can replace animals in sme experiments.
考纲词汇+超纲词汇训练1. Nthing can cmpensate fr the lss f ne’s health. [ ]2. Encurage yur kid t reach a cmprmise between what he wants and what yu want. [ ]3. The educatr urged that the study f histry shuld be cmpulsry in schl. [ ]4. The tw parties hlding different views n the issue cnflicted at the meeting. [ ]5. Thse crrupt fficials were seriusly punished by law fr their illegal behavir. [ ]6. They discussed a lt at the cnference and finally the prblem was settled. [ ]7. Free trade and envirnmental prtectin has becme a cnsensus f cuntries in the wrld. [ ]8. The management plan cnsists f fur main cmpnents with each ne equally imprtant. [ ]9. With Christmas arund the crner, my mther is busy making preparatins fr it. [ ]10. What the hmeless peple wanted was sme fd and a csy bed. [ ]11. Practice is the nly criterin fr testing truth. [ ]12. He is a cnsultant n law affairs. Yu can ask him fr advice n yur divrce case. [ ]13. The cllisin tk place in the busiest shipping lanes in the wrld with n survivrs. [ ]14. Yu can g anywhere and still the cmpass pints nrth r suth. [ ]15. The dining rm has beautiful views and ffers delicius cuisine. [ ]16. Mr. Green chse t teach children in a cnventinal way rather than in a mdern way. [ ]17. Yu’ll need sme cash in lcal currency, but yu can als use yur credit card. [ ]18. All the schls have music and dancing as part f the curriculum. [ ]19. Bld circulates inside ur bdies. [ ]20. My ambitin was t wrk in a circus, s that I can perfrm shws with animals. [ ]
The secnd half f the 20th century saw a cllectin f geniuses, warrirs, entrepreneurs and visinaries labr t create a fabulus machine that culd functin as a typewriter and printing press, studi and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, pian and radi, the mail as well as the mail carrier．As Davidsn ntes, “In the 10 years ending in 2009, factries shed wrkers s fast that they erased almst all the gains f the previus 70 years；rughly ne ut f every three manufacturing jbs disappeared.”Unfrtunately，L.A．Unified has prduced an inflexible plicy which regulates that with the exceptin f sme advanced curses，hmewrk may n lnger cunt fr mre than 10％f a student's academic grade．This rule is meant t address the difficulty that students frm impverished r chatic hmes might have in cmpleting their hmewrk．Tyta Mtr mderated sme f the damage frm its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-rchestrated scial-media respnse campaign，which included effrts t engage with cnsumers directly n sites such as Twitter and the scial-news site Digg．The whirlwind that swept thrugh newsrms harmed everybdy, but much f the damage has been cncentrated in areas where newspapers are least distinctive．The Internet—and pressure frm funding agencies, wh are questining why cmmercial publishers are making mney frm gvernment-funded research by restricting access t it—is making access t scientific results a reality．Nw the natin's tp patent curt appears cmpletely ready t scale back n business-methd patents, which have been cntrversial ever since they were first authrized 10 years ag．The researchers’ argument stems frm a simple bservatin abut scial influence: With the exceptin f a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey—whse utsize presence is primarily a functin f media, nt interpersnal influence—even the mst influential members f a ppulatin simply dn't interact with that many thers．Washingtn, believing that all men were created equal after bserving the bravery f the black sldiers during the Revlutinary War，vercame the strng ppsitin f his relatives t grant his slaves their freedm in his will.
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