考点08 虚拟语气（九大应用全掌握）-2024年新高考英语一轮总复习培优全攻略（上海专用）（解析版）

这是一份考点08 虚拟语气（九大应用全掌握）-2024年新高考英语一轮总复习培优全攻略（上海专用）（解析版），共30页。
考点08 虚拟语气
课前热身练
（2023·上海·上海市建平中学校考三模）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Frugality (节俭) Is Back in Fashion
“If you buy things you do not need, soon you will have to sell things you need.” This is a piece of sage advice from Warren Buffet, arguably 1 of the greatest financial minds of the 21st century. Many young people today appear to be taking these words very much to heart, especially in the present economic climate.
While the idea of being frugal has long been a part of Eastern culture, the relatively recent growth of wealth in China as well as the ease of purchasing 2 (lead) to increased consumerism for many across the country. Not only are businesses today offering a more diverse range of products, but internet algorithms are also matching our shopping patterns to big data sets—both of 3 are meant to tempt people into buying more stuff than they need. Yet this increased consumption of goods has been pushing up the prices of certain bare essentials such as housing, transportation and food, 4 (force) people to reevaluate their priorities while spending money. It is no wonder that being thrifty is once again becoming a dominant trend 5 young people.
Despite the annoyances 6 (cause) by algorithms, the internet is flooded with advice on where one 7 save money as well as good opinions about how they should spend their money. It makes sense to prioritize goods and services that directly affect your health and well-being, while limiting those that are fancy but not entirely necessary.
Hopefully, we all fully understand at this point 8 the resources on this planet are indeed limited. A continuous growth model is by no means sustainable. As a matter of fact, we already use about 1.8 Earth’s worth of renewable resources every year. 9 every one of us decided to consume as much as the average American does, we would be using more than four Earth’s worth of renewable resources annually. As a result, the choice (forced or not) to be frugal is not only good for one’s wallet, but also beneficial to the planet in the long run.
If you have ever chosen to starve yourself 10 (get) a pair of limited-edition sneakers, it is high time that you started making changes for the sake of yourself and for all humanity.

【答案】
1．one 2．has led 3．which 4．forcing 5．among/for 6．caused 7．can/should 8．that 9．If 10．to get

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是在当前的经济形势下，节俭的生活方式开始流行。
1．考查代词。句意：这是沃伦·巴菲特(Warren Buffet)睿智的建议，他可以说是21世纪最伟大的金融头脑之一。分析句子结构可知，此处为Warren Buffet的同位语，结合句意可知，此处指的是“Warren Buffet是最伟大的金融头脑之一”，所以使用代词one。故填one。
2．考查谓语动词。句意：虽然节俭的观念长期以来一直是东方文化的一部分，但中国财富的相对近期增长以及购物的便利性导致全国许多人的消费主义增加。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据句意和时间状语for many across the country可知，此处应表示对现在造成的影响，所以使用现在完成时，与句子主语“the relatively recent growth of wealth in China as well as the ease of purchasing”之间为主动关系，且as well as连接主语时，谓语动词形式取决于前者，所以主语核心部分为名词单数。故填has led。
3．考查定语从句。句意：如今，不仅企业提供了更多样化的产品，而且互联网算法也将我们的购物模式与大数据集相匹配——这两种方式都是为了诱使人们购买比他们需要的更多的东西。分析句子结构可知，此处为连词引导的定语从句，从句中缺少介词宾语，所以使用关系代词，先行词指事物。故填which。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，商品消费的增加推高了住房、交通和食品等某些基本必需品的价格，迫使人们在花钱时重新评估自己的优先事项。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，force与其逻辑主语this increased consumption of goods之间为主动关系，所以使用现在分词形式。故填forcing。
5．考查介词。句意：毫无疑问，节俭再次成为年轻人中的主流趋势。分析句子结构可知，此处为介词与空后内容构成介宾短语，结合句意可知，此处表示“在……之间”或“对……来说”均可，所以使用介词among或for。故填among/for。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管算法让人烦恼，但互联网上到处都是关于如何省钱的建议，以及如何花钱的好主意。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语，cause与其所修饰词之间为被动关系，所以使用过去分词形式。故填caused。
7．考查情态动词。句意：尽管算法让人烦恼，但互联网上到处都是关于如何省钱的建议，以及如何花钱的好主意。分析句子结构可知，空后为动词原形且无提示词，应为情态动词，结合句意可知，此处表示“能够”应为can或表“应该”为should。故填can/should。
8．考查宾语从句。句意：希望在这一点上，我们都充分理解这个星球上的资源确实是有限的。分析句子结构可知，此处为宾语从句作understand的宾语，从句中不缺主语和宾语，且句意完整。故填that。
9．考查状语从句。句意：如果我们每个人都决定像普通美国人那样消费，我们每年将使用超过四个地球价值的可再生资源。分析句子结构可知，此处为连词引导的状语从句，结合句意可知，此处表“如果”为条件状语从句，所以使用if，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填If。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你曾经为了买一双限量版运动鞋而忍饥挨饿，那么现在是时候开始为自己和全人类做出改变了。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，结合句意可知。此处表示“为了”作目的状语，所以使用不定式形式，且与逻辑主语you之间表主动关系。故填to get。

核心考点梳理
（一）语气的定义和种类
　　l、语气：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
　　2、语气的种类：
　　(1)陈述语气: 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如：We are not ready. 我们没准备好。What a fine day it is!多好的天气啊!
　　(2)祈使语气: 表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。如: Open the door, please。请打开门。
　　(3)虚拟语气: 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如: If I were you, I should study English. 如果我是你，我就学英语了。May you succeed! 祝您成功！

（二）虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法
条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件何。在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。
If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will go to the park.
If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. (事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事。)
在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。

所述情况
从句
主句
例句
与现在
事实相反
If+主语＋did（be动词用were）
主语＋would/could/might/ should +动词原形
If I were you, I would work hard.

与过去
事实相反
If＋主语＋had done
主语＋would/could/might/ should +have done
If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the test.
与将来
事实相反
1. If+主语＋did
2. if+主语＋were to do
3. if+主语＋should do
主语＋would/could/might/ should +动词原形
If it should rain, the crops would be saved.


同步练习：
1. If she had worked harder, she ____D______.
A. would succeed B. had succeeded
C. should succeed D. would have succeeded
2. If my lawyer ____A____ here last Saturday, he _________me from going.
A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent
C. were; would D. were; would have prevented
3. If he were here, he _____B_____ us how to do it.
A. told B. would tell C. had told D. have told
4.  If it ____A_____ rain next week, the farmers could still have a good harvest. 
A. should           B. could           C. would              D. might

（三）虚拟条件句的特殊情况
(1) 省略if的虚拟语气
如果从句中含有were/ should/ had时，则可以把这三个词置于句首，省略if，采用倒装语序。
If it should happen, what would you do? →Should it happen, what would you do?
If he had recognized me, he would have come over. →Had he recognized me, he would have come over
(2) 含蓄虚拟条件句
有时候假设的情况不以if引导的条件从句形式表现出来，而是通过一个介词短语，连词或其他形式表示。常用的词或短语有：without, with, but for(要是没有), otherwise, or, but等。
Without your help(=If we had not had your help), we could not have succeeded.
But for electricity(=If there were no electricity, there would be no modern industry.
He felt very tired yesterday, or/ otherwise he would have attended the party.
(3) 混合/错综型虚拟语气
当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，称为‘错综条件句’，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。
If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.(从句说的是过去，主句是现在)
If I were you, I would have taken his advice.(从句是现在，主句是过去)

同步练习：
1_____C_____ your address，I would have written to you.
A. Did I know B. Were I to know
C. Had I known D. If I should know
2. Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she ____D____ something she would regret later.
A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said
3.If we _____A_____ 200 years old，we __________ everything.
A. were to be，could change B. had been，changed
C. were，would have changed D. should be，changed
4.  He ____B____ the job well, but he __________ so careless. 
A. hadn’t done, had been                   B. could have done, was 
C. could do, was                           D. had done, had been 
5.  If I ____B____ with her last summer, I ________ with her now. 
A. worked…am getting on very well             B. had worked…would get on very well 
C. had worked… would have got on very well     D. had worked…will get on very well 

（四）虚拟语气用在名词性从句中的用法
1.主语从句中的虚拟语气
这种虚拟语气主要用在it is+形容词（名词，过去分词）+that+主语+should+动词原形（should可以省略）这种结构中。
① 常见的这类形容词有：advisable, anxious, better, desirable, surprising, natural, necessary, strange, important, regretful.
② 常见的这类过去分词有：decided, demanded, recommended, requested, desired, required, ordered, suggested.
③ 常见的这类名词有：duty, pity, no surprise, no wonder, regret, shame.
It was suggested that he（should）join the club activities.
It is strange (surprising, disappointing) that she (should) not have been invited.
It is a pity that he (should) refuse to accept the offer.

同步练习:
1. It is strange that he ____B______ so.
A. thinks B. think C. thought D. will think
2. It is important that I ___A__ with Mr. Williams immediately.
　　A. speak　　　 B. spoke C. will speak　　　 D. to speak
3. It's a pity that he ___A___ such a good chance.
　　A．should miss B．should have missed C．has missed D．all the above

2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气
1) wish 后所跟宾语从句谓语动词用虚拟语气（意为要是，但愿…就好了），其形式主要有三种：
☆ 表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish后接一般过去时的从句
☆ 表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish后接过去完成时或should/could have done
☆ 表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish后接would/could+动词原形
I wish it were spring all year round.
She wished she had stayed at home.
I wish it would be fine tomorrow.

2) would rather, would sooner等表示愿望，其宾语从句常用虚拟过去式。
　　☆ 表示与现在和将来含义事实相反的虚拟语气要用动词的过去式
　　☆ 用过去完成式(had + 过去分词)表示过去事实相反的含义
　　I would rather you came tomorrow.我宁愿你明天来。
I’d sooner she left the heavy end of the work to some one else.我宁愿她把重活留给别人。

3)在表示建议，命令，要求等动词后的从句要用(should)+动词原形。此类动词有：一坚持：insist（坚持要求）；一希望：desire；二命令：order, command；四建议：suggest, advise, propose, recommend；四要求： demand, require, ask, request.
The teacher ordered that all the books (should) be handed in on time.

同步练习：
1．The job would require that ___B___ at 7 o'clock every morning．
　 A．he will be at the factory　　 B．he be at the factory
　 C．he was at the factory　　 　　D．he has been at the factory
2. His doctor suggested that he __C___ a short trip abroad.
　 A. will take　　　B. would take C. take　　　D. took
3. I wish you ____B______ him my telephone number, but you did.
A. didn’t give B. hadn’t given C. wouldn’t give D. shouldn’t give
4. Frankly, I’d rather you ___C___ anything about it for the time being.
A. do B. don’t do C. didn’t do D. will not do

P.S. 当suggest表示‘暗示，说明’之意；insist表示‘坚持认为，坚持说’之意时，从句不用虚拟，用正常的陈述语气。
They insisted that he （should）be present at the ceremony.他们坚决要求他出席这次典礼。
The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.
She suggested that we (should) leave early.
The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with life.

同步练习：
1.Jane's pale face suggested that she ___B___ ill and her parents suggested that she ______ a medical 
examination.  
A. be; should have    B. was; have    C. should be; had       D. was; has
2.The man in prison insisted that he ____A_____nothing wrong and _________set free.
A. had done, should be B. should do, should be
C. had done, had been D. should do, had been
【分析】
此题容易误选B，想当然地认为insist后的从句谓语要用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气。事实上，insist后的从句谓语是否用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，要看该谓语动词所表示的含义。一般说来，若该谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若该谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。对上题而言，坐牢的这个人坚持了两点：一是没做错事，二是应该释放。很显然，在坐牢这个人看来，“没做错事”应该是事实，故用陈述语气；
“被释放”还不是事实（因为他还在坐牢），故用虚拟语气。所以此题的最佳答案应为A。又如：
He insisted that I had read his letter.
他坚持说我看过他的信。（“看信”已成为事实，故用陈述语气）
He insisted that I should read his letter.
他坚持要我看他的信。（“看信”尚未成为事实，故用虚拟语气）
请再做下面一题
The patient insisted that he _________ ill and _________ to the hospital.
A. wasn’t, wasn’t sent B. wasn’t, shouldn’t be sent
C. shouldn’t be, wasn’t sent D. shouldn’t be, shouldn’t be sent
答案选B，因为在说话者看来，“没病”是事实，故用陈述语气；“不送医院”尚未成为现实，故用虚拟语气。

3. 表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气
在表示建议，命令，要求的名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中的谓语动词要用（should）+动词原形。常见名词有：advice, desire, request, demand, proposal, suggestion, requirement, order.
He gave orders that the guests (should) be hospital entertained.
His proposal is that we (should) get rid of the bad habits.

同步练习：
My suggestion was that the meeting ___B___ off till next week．
　A．to put　　　　B．be put C．should put　　　D．be putting

（五）虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法
在It is (high/about) time that …句型中也用虚拟语气，从句常用过去式，有时也用should +动词原形，should不可省略，表示早该做而没做的事，含建议的意味。
It is time that we went home.
I think it’s high time that she made up her mind.我想她该拿定主意了。
P.S.此句型中，注意与It/This is the +序数词+time that+现在完成式的区别。
This is the first time that I have been here.
同步练习：
It’s high time you __C____.
A. start to work B. would start to work C. started to work D. had started to work

（六）虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法
   ①方式状语从句 
   由as if 或as though引导的状语从句可以用陈述语气表示可能符合事实的情况，也可以用虚拟语气表示与事实不符或与事实相反的情况。 
   ☆ 表示与现在事实不相符，用一般过去时 
   The teacher treats the pupil as if he were her own child. （这位学生并不是她的亲生孩子） 
   ☆ 表示与过去事实不相符，用过去完成时 
   I felt as though we had known each other for years. （其实并没有认识多年）  
   ☆ 表示与将来事实不相符，用would/might/could+do
   It looks as if it might rain. 天看上去好像要下雨。（不大可能下雨）   
对比： 
   He looks as if he is young. 看样子他好像很年轻。（他就是年轻）   
He looks as if he were young. 看样子他好像很年轻。（实际上他不年轻）  
 
②目的状语从句 
   a. 由in case, lest, for fear that引导的目的状语从句，动词用“should + 动词原形”结构，表示忧虑或目的。   
Please remind me of it again tomorrow in case I (should) forget.
   She emphasized it again and again, lest he (should) forget. 
   We  talked the matter over face to face for fear that there should be any misunderstanding.
   b. 在in order that和so that引导的目的状语从句中，往往用can(could)或may(might)。 
   I shall write down your telephone number so that I may not forget. 
They worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time. 
   We will tell you the truth so that you can judge for yourself.   

③让步状语从句 
   让步状语从句指事实时，从句谓语动词用陈述语气。若从句内容表示现在和将来的假设情况，从句谓语动词用虚拟语气。 
   Though he (should) fail, there would still be hope. 
  I should say the same thing even if he were here. 
   Whether he (should) succeed or fail, we shall have to do our part. 
  However hard it might rain rains, we shall go there together. 
No matter what his social position (might) be, a man is equal in the eye of the law. 

同步练习：
1.The two students talked as if they __D___ friends for years.
　A. should be　　　B. would be C. have been　　　D. had been
2. He’s working hard for fear that he __A___.
　　A. should fall behind　　　　B. fell behind
　　C. may fall behind　　　　　 D. would fallen behind
3. The driver looked over the engine carefully lest it ____B__ on the way.
A. goes wrong B. go wrong C. went wrong D. would go wrong

（七）虚拟语气在其他情况中
1. if only (但愿,要是…就好了)后接从句也用虚拟语气,其用法与wish类似。 
If only you had worked with greater care!    (but you didn't work with greater care) 
If only we had arrived in time, we would not have missed the train! (but we didn't arrive in time) 
If only I had enough money!
If only she would win!但愿她能赢!

与此句型容易混淆的还有一种结构"only if...",only置于if前表示强调if条件,意为"只要„„",用于引导陈述语气的真实条件句。 
Only if you study hard, you will pass the test. 只要你努力学习,就会通过考试。

2. 动词hope, intend, mean, plan, want, think等词用过去完成的形式，表示的意思为‘本想，本打算，本认为’
He had meant to buy the furniture last week, but it rained.（他上周本打算去买那件家具，但却下雨了）
I had thought he had been dead for at least 20 years.
I had hoped that she would go to the USA and study there, but she said she liked to stay in China.

3. 表示愿望的感叹句 
  在表示祝愿的感叹句中，用动词原形，表示愿望。 
  Long live the People's Republic of China! 中华人民共和国万岁！   
May you be happy! 祝您快乐！   
God bless you! 上帝保佑你！   
Success attend you! 祝你成功！   
The Lord save us! 愿主救我们！

同步练习：
1. I _____C______ to stay there for one more week, but I changed my mind. 
A. would have hoped      B. was hoping       C. had hoped      D. hoped
2. If only you _____B_____ him what I said!  Everything would have been all right. 
A) didn't told    B) hadn't told   C) would not tell     D) would have not told

小结：虚拟语气在高考中主要是在听力可能考到，也可运用于写作中，比如说这个句型：It is high time that we took measures to deal with …. ，所以我们需要掌握一下。

当堂知识检测
1．It was demanded that the working conditions in that area ________ as soon as possible.
A．must improve B．improve C．was improved D．be improved
2．If only I ________ an umbrella last night! I was wet through.
A．took B．should take C．had taken D．take
3．The new traffic law requires that everyone ________ his or her car checked at least once a year.
A．has B．had C．will have D．have
4．Jack Ma insisted that there________no excellent businessmen if everything went too smoothly and that they ________as normal in face of hardship.
A．would be: would carry on B．would be; carry on
C．were; carried on D．were; would carry on
5．Without the help of my English teacher，I the first prize in the English Speaking Competition.
A．would win B．would have won
C．would not win D．would not have won
6．It is high time that we action.Otherwise we late.
A．take;will be B．take;are
C．took;will be D．took;would be
7．________ what was going to happen next, I would never have left her alone.
A．Had I known B．If I know C．If I knew D．If had I known
8．I can’t stand the young man sitting in the front. He always talks as though he ________ everything.
A．knew B．knows C．has known D．had known
9．The printer is of good quality it break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.
A．Would B．Should
C．Could D．Might
10．They advised that a passport_____with you at all times.
A．carried B．was carried C．be carried D．carry
11．He speaks Chinese fluently as if he_____a Chinese.
A．were B．had been
C．is D．has been
12．That ________ surprising in the past.
A．were considered B．are considered
C．had been considered D．would have been considered
13．The boss demanded that Mary ______ the work within a week.
A．finished B．would finish C．had finished D．finish
14．He _____ the person referred to be put in prison.
A．said B．demanded C．agreed D．thought
15．—I heard your journey was not very pleasant.
—But for the sudden rain we a wonderful time.
A．will have B．should have had
C．should have D．had
16．—I have heard that John wrote a long letter to the president.
—His uncle insisted that he ______it.
A．did B．had done C．do D．would do
17．The local authorities had given the instruction that all the old buildings there _____ pulled down.
A．have to be B．will be C．be D．must be
18．If you ________a few minutes earlier, you would have met the famous scientist.
A．had come B．have come C．were to come D．should come
19．But for your generous help, we ________ the task ahead of time.
A．would not fulfill B．would not have fulfilled
C．would fulfill D．would have fulfilled
20．Susan is going to deliver a speech about the culture of his country, but I’d rather she________ more on its education.
A．focus B．focused C．would focus D．had focused
21．This digital camera is of fine quality. If it ________ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.
A．would B．should C．could D．might
22．—Lily looks hot and dry today.
—So ________ you if you had so high a fever.
A．do B．are C．will D．would
23．How I wish I ________ to repair the cellphone! I only made it worse.
A．had tried B．hadn’t tried C．have tried D．didn’t try
24．My suggestion is that more people from all walks of life________ to finance the Project with their deeper love for these children.
A．be encouraged B．are encouraged C．were encouraged D．should encourage
25．Thomas can take his motor apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he ________ me how.
A．teaches B．will teach C．has taught D．would teach
26．I ________ you a valuable present for your birthday, but I ________ all my money.
A．would like to give; ran out of
B．would like to have given; ran out of
C．would like to give; was run out of
D．would like to give; ran out
27．Linda couldn’t have answered the question so easily if she ________ a few books on world history before hand.
A．hadn’t read B．hasn’t read C．wouldn’t have read D．didn’t read
28．If you ________ that late movie last night, you wouldn’t be so sleepy now.
A．haven’t watched B．hadn’t watched C．didn’t watch D．wouldn’t have watched
29．The order came that all the small coal mines ________down in half a year.
A．would be closed B．should be closed C．must be closed D．would close
30．—Have you ever been to the Great Wall?
—No, but I wish I ________.
A．will B．have C．did D．had
31．________the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily
A．Had it not been for B．If it were not C．If it had not been for D．Were it not for
32．My demand was that the information referred to in my report ________to Mr. Brown without delay.
A．should email B．emailed C．must be emailed D．be e-mailed
33．The command that the injured ______to the hospital without delay ______wise.
A．were sent; was proved B．be sent; proved
C．should be sent; was proved D．were sent; proved
34．It ________ my teacher who suggested that I ________ to work out what major I would like to choose.
A．is; had started B．was; start
C．is; start D．was; had started
35．—Do you feel like________ there or shall we take a bus?
—I’d like to walk, but since there is no time left, I’d rather we________ a taxi.
A．to walk;take B．walking;took
C．to walk;took D．walking;take
36．--- I’ve told Jenny the truth about the new house.
---But I’d rather you ________.
A．didn’t B．hadn’t C．don’t D．wouldn’t
37．If the ambulance had come here sooner last night, the patient ________now.
A．will be alive B．will have been alive C．would have been alive D．would be alive
38．The professor insisted that his solution________more practical and that we________it into practice as soon as possible.
A．was; put B．was; must put C．should be; put D．should be; put
39．Sorry, I am too busy at the moment. If I ________free, I would certainly go for a walk with you.
A．have been B．had been C．am D．were
40．________ the traffic jam on the highway, we should have arrived at the stadium earlier.
A．In spite of B．Because of C．But for D．Due to
41．It is essential that these application forms ________ back as early as possible.
A．are sent B．be sent C．will be sent D．should send
42．At the routine office meeting, the headmaster insisted the problems ______ paid special attention to.
A．referred to being B．referred to be C．refer to being D．refer to be
43．My suggestion is that you much meat.
A．wouldn’t take B．shall not take
C．not have D．won’t have
44．—I didn’t go to the movie last night because of the rain.
—What a pity! If I had got the ticket, I __________it.
A．wouldn’t have missed B．wouldn’t miss
C．didn’t miss D．hadn’t missed
45．The people who love peace do think that it is time the violent conflicts in Libya ________.
A．come to an end B．put to an end
C．came to an end D．bring to an end
46．—Your sister nearly _____ all her spare time to her study during the three years.
—That’s right, or she ______ the first place in her school in the College Entrance Examination.
A．devoted; wouldn’t have taken B．spent; wouldn’t have taken
C．hadn’t devoted; hadn’t taken D．hadn’t spent; couldn’t take
47．He was determined that his children _____ to the best school available.
A．should go B．went C．ought to go D．would go
48．We insisted that the meaningless argument________.
A．should bring to an end
B．was brought to an end
C．might come to an end
D．come to an end
49．_____, I’d have told you.
A．If I would have known it
B．If I had have known it
C．Had I known it
D．Should I know it
50．It is the first time he ________ here and now it is high time that he ________ around.
A．come;should be showed
B．has come;was showed
C．has come;be showed
D．came;was showed
参考答案：
1．D
【详解】考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意：有人要求尽快改善那个地区的工作条件。It was demanded that...里It是形式主语，that从句是主语从句，从句中应用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气，工作条件是被改善，因此空格处是被动语态should be improved，should可省略，故选D。
2．C
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：要是我昨晚带把伞就好了!我全身都湿透了。If only表示“要是……就好了”，这里表示与过去事实相反，应用过去完成时，因此空格处是had taken，故选C。
3．D
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：新的交通法规要求每个人每年至少检查一次他或她的车。require后面的宾语从句中应用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气，should可省略，因此空格处是动词原形have，故选D。
4．B
【详解】考查虚拟语气和陈述语气。句意：马云坚持认为，如果一切都太顺利，就不会有优秀的商人，他坚决主张他们会像往常一样面对困难。分析句意可知，第一空所在句的insisted意为“坚持认为”，that从句中用陈述语气，由insisted可知，时态用一般过去时，根据句意可知，第一空处意为“将会有”，因此用would be；第二空所在句中被省略的insisted意为“坚决主张”，其后that从句用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气，should可省略，因此第二空用carry on，故选B。
5．D
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：没有英语老师的帮助，我不会在英语演讲比赛中获取第一名。根据句意可知，空格处谓语动词应使用would (not) have done形式，表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气形式，即“如果没有英语老师的帮助（实际他/她给予我很大帮助），我不会获奖”，故选D。
6．D
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：该是我们采取行动的时候了。否则我们就迟到了。It’s high time that结构中用过去时；otherwise相当于if虚拟条件句，其后的主句为与将来事实相反的虚拟语气。故选D。
7．A
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我知道接下来会发生什么，我绝不会丢下她一个人。本句是省略了if的条件句，且表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。使用if省略，把had提到从句主语之前，故选A。
8．A
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我不能忍受坐在前面的那个年轻人。他说起话来总是好像什么都知道似的。分析句子，句中as though意为“似乎，好像”，后面的内容表示与现在事实相反，即对现在的虚拟，故用一般过去时。故选A。
9．B
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：这台打印机质量很好。如果购买后第一年之内出现故障，我们将免费为您维修。根据句意可知，该空格处表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气形式，为“should+主语+动词原形+其他成分”的倒装形式，且表示该假设的情况发生几率不大。故选B。
10．C
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：他们建议你随身携带护照。advise后跟从句时，从句中用虚拟语气，即(should)+do，且passport和carry之间是被动关系，故用(should) be carried。故选C。
11．A
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：他说汉语是那样的流利就好像他是一个中国人。“他是一个中国人”是假设，所以此处as if引导方式状语从句中要用虚拟语气；由句意可知，与现在事实相反，be动词要用were。故选A。
12．D
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：这在过去会被认为是令人惊讶的。从in the past可知，不能选择B、C；would have been considered是if虚拟语气句中的主句，表示同过去事实相反，该句省略了if从句。故选D。
13．D
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：老板要求玛丽在一周内完成工作。分析句意可知，动词demand“要求”后跟从句时，从句中用虚拟语气(should) do。故选D项。
14．B
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：他要球被提到的这个人应该被关进监狱。A. said说；B. demanded要求；C. agreed同意；D. thought认为。demand that 后可以接虚拟语气，结构为(should)+do的形式。故选B项。
15．B
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：——我听说你的旅途不太愉快。——要不是突然下起了雨，我们会玩得很开心的。由语境可知，该句应是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，应用would/should/could...＋have done结构。故选B。
16．C
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：——我听说约翰给总统写了一封长信。——他叔叔坚持要他做这件事。句中的insist意为“坚持要求”之意，因此宾语从句应用should +动词原形的虚拟语气形式，should可以省略。故选C。
17．C
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：当地政府已下令拆除那里所有的旧建筑。instruction后that引出的同位语从句，谓语动词用(should) do形式。所以谓语动词是省略should+动词原形，被拆除，是be+动词过去分词，故选C。
18．A
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你早几分钟到，你就会见到那位著名的科学家。if条件句表示与过去事实相反，主句用could/would have done，从句用过去完成时。故选A。
19．B
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果没有你的慷慨帮助，我们是不会提前完成任务的。根据句意可知，该题中的but for是隐含含蓄条件的介词短语，其意义为“要不是，如果没有”，根据句意可知，该句子表示和过去事实相反的虚拟语气，所以主句的谓语动词应该用would/could have done，所以先排除A项和C项；但是根据句意，主句应该用否定句，所以D项不对。故选B项。
20．B
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：苏珊将发表一个关于他的国家文化的演讲，但我宁愿她专注于更多关于教育的演讲。I would rather that...后接从句与过去事实相反用过去完成时，与现在或将来事实相反均用一般过去时。该句与将来事实相反，应用一般过去时。故选B项
21．B
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：这架数码相机质量很好。如果在一年内坏了，我们将免费修理。根据句意可知，该题是考查与将来事实相反的虚拟语气。if虚拟条件句表示与将来事实相反，从句的谓语动词用一般过去式或were to do或should+动词原形。故选B项。
22．D
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：——莉莉今天看起来很燥热。——如果你发这么高的烧，你也会的。根据句意可知，第二个人说的话是与现在事实相反的假设，所以，应该用虚拟语气，同时空格处又是该句子的主句，谓语动词应该用would do。故选D项。
23．B
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我多么希望我没有去修理那块表！我只让事情变得更糟了。动词wish后接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气，若表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时。根据句意以及“made”可知，句中表示和过去事实相反的情形，所以宾语从句用过去完成时。结合 I only made it worse.可知，此处表示我多么希望我没有修理那块表，故选B。
24．A
【详解】考查虚拟语态。句意：我的建议是，更多各行各业的人们被鼓励用他们对这些孩子更深的爱来资助这个项目。suggestion后的表语that从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用should+动词原形，should可省。且主语people与encourage是被动关系，故选A。
25．D
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：托马斯可以把他的马达拆开再组装起来。我真希望他能教我怎么做。在wish后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，表示对将来的愿望应用would/could/might do。故选D。
26．B
【详解】考查动词的时态语态以及虚拟。句意：我本来想给你买一份贵重的生日礼物，但我把钱花光了。分析句子可知，第一空是在过去虚拟条件“如果我的钱没有花完”下，得出的结论，故需要用到would like to  have done表示“本想……但没有”。主语I和动词短语run out of为主谓关系，故用主动形式即可。故选B项。
27．A
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果琳达没有预先读过几本关于世界历史的书，她就不能这么轻易地回答这个问题了。由句意和上文的couldn't have answered可知，此处是if引导的非真实条件句，表示与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时。故选A。
28．B
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你昨晚没有看那部晚场电影，你现在就不会这么困了。由语意可知，之所以你感到困，是因为你昨晚看了夜场电影，由此可知如果你没有看，你就不会困。本句是错综时间条件句，从句表示与过去事实相反，故用过去完成时，即had done结构。故选B项。
29．B
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：命令规定半年内关闭所有小煤矿。order, advice, command等表示“建议”类名词与that从句连用，从句用虚拟语气，且用should+动词原形。故选B项。
30．D
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：——你去过长城吗？——没有，但我希望我有。I wish...从句表示与过去事实相反，应用过去完成时。had后面承前省略了been to the Great Wall。故选D项。
31．D
【详解】考查条件状语从句中虚拟语气的用法。句意：要不是因为这些云的话，你很容易就能在空中找到那架飞机。这里的“要不是因为这些云的话”是一种与现在事实相反的假设，故用一般过去时，A、C项都是过去完成时，应排除；即为if it were not for，这里是省略了if将be动词提前，从句倒装。故选D项。
32．D
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我的要求是，我报告中提到的资料应立即用电子邮件寄给布朗先生。根据句意分析句子可知，was后面是一个表语从句，空格处是该表语从句的谓语部分，而英语中demand, advice, proposal, suggestion等名词跟表语从句时，从句中的谓语动词应该用should do，should可以省略，所以排除B项和C项；从句的主语the information和动词e-mail之间是被动关系，所以应该用被动语态。故选D项。
33．B
【详解】考查虚拟语气和动词语态。句意：立即将伤者送往医院的命令被证明是明智的。分析句子结构可知，名词command后为同位语从句，that从句常用“should+动词原形”结构的虚拟语气，should可省略。主句陈述过去事实，用一般过去时。动词prove为系动词，无被动语态。故选B。
34．B
【详解】考查时态和虚拟语气。句意：是我的老师建议我开始考虑我想选什么专业。主句为强调句型It is/was +强调部分+that/who +其它部分，陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。动词suggest作为“建议”之意，后接宾语从句，从句用should + 动词原形的虚拟语气，should可以省略。故选B。
35．B
【详解】考查动词短语和虚拟语气。句意：——你想步行去还是坐公共汽车去?——我想步行去，但因为没有时间了，我宁愿我们坐出租车去。feel like doing sth.为固定用法，表示想做某事；would rather (that)从句中用虚拟语气，对现在的假设用一般过去时，故选B。
36．B
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：——我已经告诉珍妮关于新房子的真相了。——但是我宁愿你没有告诉她。根据句意可知，I’d rather that...从句中的内容表示与过去事实相反，所以应该用虚拟语气，谓语动词应用过去完成时had done，hadn’t后面省略了told Jenny the truth about the new house。故选B项。
37．D
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果救护车昨晚早点来的话，病人现在可能还活着。由语意可知，昨晚救护车来得晚了一些，所以病人没有得到及时救治，因此现在病人没有得救。本句是错综条件句，主句与现在事实相反，故用would/could do结构，故应为would be alive。故选D项。
38．A
【详解】考查时态和虚拟语态。句意：教授坚认为他的解决方案更实用，并坚持我们应尽快付诸实践。结合句意，第一空insist表示“坚持说”，主句为一般过去时，其后宾语从句也用一般过去时；第二空insist表示“坚持认为”，其后宾语从句应用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形，should可省，故选A。
39．D
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：对不起，我现在太忙了。如果我现在有空的话，我肯定会和你一起出去散步。根据句意以及句中的at the moment可知，此处表示对现在情况的一种假设，所以从句中谓语动词要用过去式，be动词用were。故选D。
40．C
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：要不是高速公路上的交通堵塞，我们本应该早点到达体育场的。A. In spite of尽管；B. Because of因为；C. But for要不是；D. Due to因为，由于。根据句中“we should have arrived at the stadium earlier”可知，此处使用了和过去事实相反情况的虚拟语气，四个选项只有but for表示“如果没有”是含蓄虚拟语气的标志词。故选C。
41．B
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：重要的是，这些申请表格应尽早返回。It is essential that....从句谓语用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形，should可省。结合语境应用被动形式。故选B项。
42．B
【详解】考查非谓语动词，虚拟语气。句意：在办公室例行会议上，校长坚持要特别注意提到的问题。分析句子成分可知，“insisted”后为宾语从句，因为“insist”词义为“坚持要求”时，引导的宾语从句应用虚拟语气(should) do，又因宾语从句的主语为“the problems”，所以谓语动词应为(should) be done；“refer to”词义为“涉及，提到”，应为过去分词形式作后置定语修饰前面的名词“the problems”。故选B。
43．C
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我的建议是你不要吃太多肉。名词suggestion“建议”后的表语从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用should＋动词原形，should可以省略；“吃肉”可以用动词have，不用take。故选C。
44．A
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：——因为下雨，我昨晚没去看电影。——真遗憾！如果我拿到了票，我就不会错过了。由句意知昨天晚上我并没有拿到票，所以就没有看成电影，所以空处所在句子是对过去发生情况的一种推测，从句使用过去完成时，主句应用情态词+have done的形式。故选A项。
45．C
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：爱好和平的人们的确认为利比亚的暴力冲突是时候该结束了。A. come to an end结束；B. put to an end使……结束；C. came to an end结束；D. bring to an end使……结束；根据虚拟语气的用法，“It is time that 句型”中的谓语动词要使用一般过去时形式，因此A项不正确，B 项put an end 的意思是“使……结束”，与句子表达的含义一致需使用被动语态。D 项put an end 的意思是“使……结束”，与句子表达的含义一致需使用被动语态。C 项came to an end 的含义是“结束”，与句子表达的含义一致，且符合虚拟语气的用法，故选C 项。
46．A
【详解】考查固定短语和虚拟语气。句意：——你姐姐三年以来几乎把所有的时间都放在专心学习上了。——对，不然她也不可能高考全校第一名。devote sth. to为固定短语“专心于做某事”，符合空后to的题干提示；spend sth. on sth./ in doing sth.表示“在某事上花费（时间或金钱）”，故排除B、D项。第二空由空前or可知考查虚拟语气，结合句意可知，高考已经考完了，此处表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，需要用could/should/would/might + have done的形式。故选A项。
47．A
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：他决心让孩子们去最好的学校。分析句子结构和意思可知，that引导的是determine后的宾语从句，从句谓语常用should do，should可省的虚拟语气结构。故选A。
48．D
【详解】考查宾语从句的虚拟语气。句意为：我们坚决要求停止无意义的争论。A. should bring to an end应该使……终止；B. was brought to an end被终止；C. might come to an end可能结束；D. come to an end结束。insist表示“坚决要求”，其后的宾语从句中使用虚拟语气，谓语动词应为should＋动词原形，should可省略，不及物动词短语come to an end，符合句意。故选D项。
49．C
【详解】考查虚拟语气的倒装。句意：如果我知道这件事，我早就告诉你了。结合句意可知，此处表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，谓语动词需要用had done的形式；在if型的虚拟语气中，当谓语动词有were、had、should等词时，可以将if省略，C项省略了if，并将were、had、should提前，为虚拟语气的倒装形式。故选C项。
50．B
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：这是他第一次到这里并且现在到了他被带领参观的时候了。空格1在句中作谓语，固定句型It is the first time （that）...意为“第一次做某事”，结构中that从句应用现在完成时；空格2在that从句中作谓语，It is high time that...为虚拟语气句型，意为“到了做某事的时候”，结构中that从句应用一般过去时表示虚拟，由于that从句中主语he和show之间是动宾关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B项。

课后巩固提高
二、用单词的适当形式完成句子
51．If he ________ (not be) ill, he would have done something to help us. （所给词的适当形式填空）
52．Without air, man ________(not exist) on the earth. (所给词的适当形式填空)
53．They demanded that the workers’ working conditions ________(improve) as soon as possible. (所给词的适当形式填空)
54．The teacher insisted that his students __________ (finish) their homework alone. (所给词的适当形式填空)
55．I wish you ________(tell) me the news earlier. (所给词的适当形式填空)
56．Could I do some explanations? I__________(intend)to call on you yesterday, but someone came to see me just when I was about to leave.(所给词的适当形式填空)
57．The Expo 2019 Shanghai China has been a successful event. If it __________(continue)for one more week, we might have visited all the pavilions. (所给词的适当形式填空)
58．If our boss _________(give) us more time, we could have done the job much better. (所给词的适当形式填空)
59．It is required that homework ___________ (finish) on your own. (所给词的适当形式填空)
60．Jim suggested we _________(skip) over the details and get to the point. (所给词的适当形式填空)
61．The police demanded that the innocent boy ________(release) immediately. （所给词的适当形式填空）
62．Local residents said it was as if there ________(be) a nuclear explosion. (所给词的适当形式填空)
63．If your child is unwilling to discuss something, don’t insist he ______(tell) you what is on his mind. (所给词的适当形式填空)
64．It is suggested that this experiment ________(do) at low temperature.(所给词的适当形式填空)
65．

—He will leave for Hong Kong tomorrow.
—But I’d much rather he ________ ( leave) the day after tomorrow. (所给词的适当形式填空)
66．I strongly advise they ________put emphasis on positive results rather than embarrassing processes. (用适当的的词填空)
67．Some suggestions are made at the meeting that these traditional customs ________（preservation）. (所给词的适当形式填空)
68．It is required that the composition ________(relate) to the students’ life. （所给词的适当形式填空）
69．I insisted he __________(hand) back the wallet to the lady, but he insisted he ___________(steal) it. (所给词的适当形式填空)
70．________(be) it not for the help of the map, we couldn’t get out of the forest. (所给词的适当形式填空)

三、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．alert            B．connected        C． correspond        D．dismiss        E. embarrassed
F. invaluable        G. judgement        H. piloted            L. respectful        J. urge            K. wellbeing
Are you listening? But are you really listening?You’d think we’d be very good at listening, but do we deeply listen? Sometimes we quickly 71 another’s opinion if it doesn’t fit neatly with our own. The British Council has launched a project Crossing Divides aimed to train young people to listen and understand other people with very different perspectives.
Practicing deep listening means tuning into empathy(同理心), resisting the 72 to judge people who are distinct from oneself. It develops important skills that will make anyone a better listener: empathy, silence and becoming aware of our 73 .
The project was 74 in Lebanon, where it helped local people find common ground with each other, in a society divided by bitter years of conflict. People taking part in the project said they felt that they were being heard, helping them to feel recognized and understood, which opened communication between communities. All the participants greatly improved their listening skills, which proved 75 in their working and personal lives.
They have also had a chance to be listened to and heard, which research shows can improve 76 . This is because we all feel accepted, valued and more 77 to others when we sense that we are being truly listened to, and the person listening to us doesn’t have to agree with us for those benefits to be enjoyed.
The project is also an opportunity for participants to feel the benefit of stepping outside their own “echo chamber (回声室)”. Echo chambers are created by our natural tendency to seek out people and opinions, in person and online, that we agree with, so we mainly see and hear information and opinions that 78 to our own. Not surprisingly this leads us to think our views are definitively correct, so we become 79 or even angry when we encounter perspectives that our worldview suggests arc wrong, because they don’t agree with our own echo chamber.
So, training young people with deep listening skills can encourage many more people to take part in challenging and 80 conversations. Scott McDonald, the organization’s CEO said: “The deep listening training gets to the heart of what we do by providing opportunities for people to step out of their echo chambers, to cross divides, and build trust and understanding.”

Direction: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．addressing    B．adoption    C． attend    D．budgeting    E. cautions
F. correspond    G. extended    H. hesitancy    I. packages    J. regardless
K. rigid                
Top work-life balance benefits for 2023“Flexibility is the gold standard of work-life balance benefits,” says Jonathan Pas, health care leader at consulting firm Mercer.
It’s no surprise then that two years after the pandemic forced most office workers to perform their jobs remotely. 78% of employers say they’ll allow employees to continue doing so regularly in 2023, according to a Mercer survey. But there’s still some 81 : only 9% say they will allow employees to work remotely daily.
82 , flexibility around when employees work is just as important as where. In the survey, 66% of employers said they would offer flexible work schedules over the course of a typical work day, such as specific times during the week to 83 to personal matters and four-day work weeks. Employees no longer want to organize their personal life around a(n) 84 work schedule but instead want the two interwoven, so they can decide what to prioritize and when.
Pas 85 against making hollow promises about a company’s commitment to work-life balance. “If employees feel a disconnection between programs that are rolled out and what senior leaders really expect, credibility is questioned, and the goodwill created through the program is denied.” He cites paid time off to volunteer, which almost half (45%) of companies say they will add to their benefits 86 next year.
Other benefits requiring a broader organizational buy-in are sabbaticals(公休假) and unlimited vacation days. Both benefits encourage employees to pursue interests outside of work with 87 periods off. Still, if they feel a dishonour associated with taking advantage of them, they’ll be hesitant to do so. The relatively low 88 rates for 2023, though—only 12% for sabbaticals and 15% for unlimited vacation—indicate that employers are still against paying employees not to work.
Instead, they prefer to find new ways to give employees more money, with the rise of employer-funded lifestyle accounts, which are often reserved for big-ticket items that might otherwise require some 89 . Nevertheless, only 12% of employers said they would add lifestyle accounts in 2023, and 70% said they are considering them, which could indicate a trend on the horizon.
But perhaps the most telling statistic about the importance of 90 work-life balance is the number of companies that said they don’t plan to offer any additional benefits to support work-life balance: a mere 5%.


参考答案：
51．had not been
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他没有生病，他会做些事情来帮助我们的。此处结合后文he would have done something to help us可知，是与过去事实相反：主句用would (should, could, might) +have+过去分词，从句用过去完成时，且为否定句。故填had not been。
52．couldn’t exist
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：没有空气，人类就不能在地球上生存。根据句意可知，句子是without表示的含蓄虚拟条件句，此处表达与现在相反的事实，用情态动词+动词原形，句子表示“没有空气，人类就不能在地球上生存”，因此情态动词用couldn’t。故填couldn’t exist。
53．be improved/should be improved
【详解】考查虚拟语气和被动语态。句意：他们要求尽快改善工人的工作条件。demand意为“要求”，其后的that引导的宾语从句中要用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气，工作条件是被改善，因此空格处用被动语态“(should) be improved”，故填(should) be improved。
54．finish/should finish
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：老师坚持要他的学生独自完成作业。分析句子可知，insist表“坚决主张，坚持要求”时，其后的that从句中用sb.should do sth.的虚拟语气，should可省略，因此空格处可填(should)finish。故填finish或should finish。
55．had told
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：你要是早点告诉我这个消息就好了。当wish后的宾语从句表示与事实相反或不大可能实现的愿望时，要用虚拟语气，由earlier可知，句子表示过去不能实现的愿望，时态用过去完成时，因此空格处是had told。故填had told。
56．had intended
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：我能解释一下吗?昨天我本来打算去看你的，但正当我要走的时候有人来看我。结合句意表示“本打算做某事”应用had intended to do，是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。与此类似的表达有had planned/expected/wanted等。故填had intended。
57．had continued
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：2019年上海世博会举办得非常成功。如果再持续一个星期，我们可能会参观所有的展馆。分析句子可知，此处为if引导的虚拟条件状语从句，根据主句“might have visited”可知，表示与过去事实相反，从句应用过去完成时。故填had continued。
58．had given
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们老板多给点时间，我们本可以把找个工作做得更好。根据句意可知，空处应为与过去事实相反的假设，if从句的谓语形式用过去完成时，即had+过去分词，故填had given。
59．should be finished/be finished
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：家庭作业必须自己完成。It is required that...从句使用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形，should可以省略。从句主语homework与finish之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。根据句意，故填(should) be finished。
60．(should) skip
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：吉姆建议我们跳过细节，直奔主题。分析句子，句中suggest that  sb should do为固定句型，意为“建议做某事”，即表示建议、命令、要求和请求语气的动词，后接宾语从句时，从句中构成虚拟语气，should可以省略。skip意为“跳过”。故填(should) skip。
61．should be released/be released
【详解】考查虚拟语气和语态。句意：警方要求立即释放那个无辜的男孩。demand意为“要求”时，其后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，即从句中的谓语动词用“(should)+动词原形”形式；release“释放”与其主语the innocent boy之间为被动关系，故填(should) be released。
62．had been
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：当地居民说好像发生了核爆炸。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查as if引导的表语从句，对过去事实相反的假设，谓语用对过去的虚拟语气结构had done。故填had been。
63．(should) tell
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你的孩子不愿意讨论某事，不要坚持让他告诉你他在想什么。insist作“坚持，坚决要求”讲时其宾语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语部分为(should) do。故填(should) do。
64．should be done/be done
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：人们建议这个实验在低温下进行。此处suggest表示“建议”，主语从句应使用虚拟语气，即should+do形式，且should可以省略，又experiment与do之间存在被动关系，此处应使用被动语态be done，故填(should) be done。
65．left
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：——他明天将动身去香港。——但我更希望他后天离开。would rather, had rather, would sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气。此处表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句谓语动词用过去式。故填left。
66．should
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：我强烈建议他们应该强调积极的结果，而非令人尴尬的过程。分析句子结构可知，advise后跟了省略that的宾语从句，在表示“建议，请求，命令，要求”等动词后的宾语从句中，要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用should+动词原形的形式。故填should。


67．(should) be preserved
【详解】考查虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用。句意：会议上提出一些保留这些传统习俗的建议。suggestion后接从句时用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“(should+) do”形式, should可以省略。customs与preserve为被动关系，用被动语态。故填(should) be preserved。
68．should be related/be related
【详解】考查虚拟语气和语态。句意：要求作文与学生的生活有关。根据It is required that可知，主句表示“要求”，从句用should+do构成虚拟语气结构，should可以省略，根据composition与relate为被动关系可知，空处用should be related或者be related。故填(should) be related。
69． hand/should hand hadn’t stolen
【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我坚持要他把钱包还给那位女士，但他坚持说他没有偷。根据句意，第一空考查insist引导的宾语从句，insist意为“坚决要求”，后接宾语从句时，从句谓语动词为should+动词原形，should可省略，故填hand/should hand。第二空前的insisted，意为“坚持说，一口咬定”，后接宾语从句，从句的谓语动作发生在insisted之前，应用过去完成时，根据句意，he应该没偷女士的钱包，谓语动词应用否定形式，故填hadn’t stolen。故填：①hand/should hand；②hadn’t stolen。

70．Were
【详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果没有地图的帮助，我们就出不了森林。此处为if虚拟语气的倒装，根据句意可知，表示与现在事实相反，从句用一般过去时，be动词用were，可把if省略，将were置于句首，形成倒装句，单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填Were。

71．D 72．J 73．G 74．H 75．F 76．K 77．B 78．C 79．E 80．I

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个跨越鸿沟的项目，该项目由由英国文化协会发起，旨在训练年轻人倾听和理解持不同观点的人。
71．考查动词。句意：有时候，如果别人的观点与我们自己的观点不完全一致，我们会很快将其驳回。分析句子成分可知，空处为本句谓语动词；根据下文“The British Council has launched a project Crossing Divides aimed to train young people to listen and understand other people with very different perspectives.(英国文化协会发起了一个跨越鸿沟的项目，旨在训练年轻人倾听和理解持不同观点的人。)”可知，我们其实并不擅长倾听。选项D“dismiss”，动词，意为“反驳”，与下文我们不是好的倾听者相一致。故选D。
72．考查名词。句意：练习深度倾听意味着进入同理心，抵制评判与自己不同的人的冲动。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式。根据上文“Practicing deep listening means tuning into empathy(同理心),(练习深度倾听意味着进入同理心)”可知，深度倾听指的是训练人们有同理心。选项J“urge”，名词形式，意为“冲动”。符合上文内容，指的是“抵制这种评判他人的冲动”。故选J。
73．考查名词。句意：它培养了重要的技能，使任何人都能成为更好的倾听者：同理心、沉默和意识到我们的判断。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式。根据上文“It develops important skills that will make anyone a better listener: empathy, silence(它培养了重要的技能，使任何人都能成为更好的倾听者：同理心、沉默)”可知，空处指的是能意识到自己的判断，拥有一定判断力。选项G“judgement”，名词，意为“判断力”，与上文内容一致。故选G。
74．考查动词。句意：该项目在黎巴嫩进行了试点，它帮助当地人民在一个因多年的痛苦冲突而分裂的社会中找到彼此的共同点。分析句子成分可知，空处为动词。根据下文“People taking part in the project said they felt that they were being heard, helping them to feel recognized and understood, which opened communication between communities.(参与该项目的人们表示，他们觉得自己被倾听了，这有助于他们感到被认可和理解，从而打开了社区之间的沟通。)”可知，该项目是在黎巴嫩展开。选项H“piloted”，动词的过去分词形式，意为“试点”，符合句意。故选H 。
75．考查形容词。句意：所有的参与者都大大提高了他们的倾听技巧，这在他们的工作和个人生活中被证明是无价的。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词。根据上文的“All the participants greatly improved their listening skills(所有的参与者都大大提高了他们的倾听技巧)”可知，本句指的是该项目所带来的好处。选项F“invaluable”，形容词，意为“无价的”，符合本句句意，指的是这项技能非常好。故选F。
76．考查名词。句意：他们也有机会被倾听和倾听，研究表明这可以提高幸福感。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式，担当improve的宾语。根据下文“This is because we all feel accepted, valued and more____7____to others when we sense that we are being truly listened to, and the person listening to us doesn’t have to agree with us for those benefits to be enjoyed.(这是因为当我们感觉到我们被真正倾听时，我们都感到被接受，被重视，与他人的联系更紧密，而倾听我们的人不必为了享受这些好处而同意我们的观点。)”可知，当我们被倾听的时候，会感觉很好，所以会提高幸福感。选项K“wellbeing”，名词，意为“幸福感”，符合句意。故选K。
77．考查形容词。句意：这是因为当我们感觉到我们被真正倾听时，我们都感到被接受，被重视，与他人的联系更紧密，而倾听我们的人不必为了享受这些好处而同意我们的观点。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词担当表语。根据下文“when we sense that we are being truly listened to(当我们感觉到我们被真正倾听时)”可推测，我们会感到与他人联系更紧密。选项B“connected”，形容词，意为“紧密的”，符合句意。故选B。
78．考查动词。句意：回音室是由我们的自然倾向产生的，即在现实中和网络上寻找我们认同的人和意见，所以我们主要看到和听到与我们自己一致的信息和意见。分析句子成分可知，空处为动词，担当从句的谓语动词。根据上文“Echo chambers are created by our natural tendency to seek out people and opinions, in person and online, that we agree with,(回音室是由我们的自然倾向产生的，即在现实中和网络上寻找我们认同的人和意见)”可知，我们总是会寻找与自己意见看法一致的人。选项C“correspond”，和空后的to构成短语：correspond to，意为“与……一致”，符合句意。故选C。
79．考查形容词。句意：毫不奇怪，这导致我们认为我们的观点绝对正确，所以当我们遇到我们的世界观认为是错误的观点时，我们会感到尴尬甚至愤怒，因为它们与我们自己的回音室不一致。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词担当表语。根据上文“Not surprisingly this leads us to think our views are definitively correct(毫不奇怪，这导致我们认为我们的观点绝对正确)”可知，我们总是会认为自己的观点正确，所以，当我们遇到别人不赞成我们的看法时，我们会尴尬。选项E“embarrassed”形容词，意为“尴尬的”，符合句意。故选E。
80．考查形容词。句意：因此，培养年轻人的深度倾听技巧可以鼓励更多的人参与具有挑战性和尊重的对话。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词，修饰空后的“conversations”。根据下文“Scott McDonald, the organization’s CEO said: “The deep listening training gets to the heart of what we do by providing opportunities for people to step out of their echo chambers, to cross divides, and build trust and understanding.”(该组织的首席执行官斯科特·麦克唐纳说：“深度倾听训练是我们工作的核心，它为人们提供了走出回音室、跨越分歧、建立信任和理解的机会。”)”可知，深度倾听训练可以为人们提供建立信任和理解的机会，所以这种谈话必然是积极的。选项I“respectful”，形容词，意为“尊重的”，符合句意。故选I。

81．H 82．J 83．C 84．K 85．E 86．I 87．G 88．B 89．D 90．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文，分析了2023年可以给员工平衡工作和生活的一些高福利，如灵活性、公休假和无限休假等。
81．考查名词。句意：但仍有一些犹豫：只有9%的人表示他们将允许员工每天远程工作。根据空前的“some”可知，空处应填名词。根据上一句“78% of employers say they’ll allow employees to continue doing so regularly in 2023, according to a Mercer survey.(美世公司的一项调查显示，78%的雇主表示，他们将允许员工在2023年继续定期这样做。)”和本句中的But可知，上下文是转折关系，这里表示仍有一些公司犹豫。hesitancy“犹豫”，为不可数名词，符合题意。故选H项。
82．考查副词。句意：不管怎样，员工何时工作的灵活性和在哪里工作的灵活性同样重要。分析句子结构，空处应用副词，修饰整个句子。regardless“不管怎样”，为副词，符合题意。故选J项。
83．考查动词。句意：在调查中，66%的雇主表示，他们会在一个典型的工作日内提供灵活的工作时间表，例如一周中处理个人事务的特定时间和一周工作四天。根据空前的不定式符号to可知，空处应填动词原形。根据空后的“to personal matters”可知，这里表示处理个人事情。attend to意为“对付，处理”。故选C项。
84．考查形容词。句意：员工不再希望围绕严格的工作时间表来安排他们的个人生活，而是希望两者交织在一起，这样他们就可以决定优先处理什么事情以及何时处理。根据空前的a(n)和空后的“work schedule”可知，空处应用形容词。再结合本段第一句中的“flexibility”可知，这里表示不想围绕死板的工作时间表。rigid“死板的，严格的”符合题意。故选K项。
85．考查动词。句意：Pas警告不要对公司为工作与生活平衡所做的保证做出空洞的承诺。分析句子结构，空处应为本句的谓语，且主语Pas为单数名词，所以谓语应用单数形式。caution“警告”符合题意。cautions在句中作谓语。故选E项。
86．考查名词。句意：他列举了带薪休假做志愿者的例子，近一半（45%）的公司表示，他们将在明年把带薪休假增加到福利计划中。benefits package意为“福利计划”，符合题意。故选I项。
87．考查形容词。句意：这两项福利都鼓励员工在延长时间休假的情况下追求工作之外的爱好。根据空后的名词“periods”可知，空处应用形容词。根据空前的“pursue interests outside of work”可知，工作之余追求爱好需要较长的休假。extended“延长了的，扩展了的”符合题意。故选G项。
88．考查名词。句意：然而，2023年的采用率相对较低，只有12%的雇主采用公休假和15%的雇主采用无限休假，这表明雇主仍然反对支付员工不工作的工资。分析句子结构，空处可填名词，作定语修饰rates。根据下文中的“employers are still against”可知，这里是说雇主采用公休假和无限休假的比例。adoption“采用（想法、计划、名字等）”为名词，符合题意。故选B项。
89．考查名词。句意：相反，随着雇主资助的生活方式账户的兴起，他们更喜欢找到新的方式给员工更多的钱，这些账户通常是为可能需要一些预算的大额项目保留的。根据空前的动词“require”和“some”可知，空处应用名词。根据前面的“big-ticket items”可知，大额项目会需要提前做好预算。budgeting“预算”为名词，符合题意。故选D项。
90．考查动词。句意：但关于解决工作与生活平衡的重要性，最能说明问题的统计数据可能是，有多少公司表示不打算提供任何额外的福利来支持工作与生活的平衡：只有5%。根据空前的介词of和空后的“work-life balance”可知，空处应填动名词。addressing在这里作动名词。address“处理，对付”符合题意。故选A项。