考点04 形容词(核心考点精讲精练)-备战2024年高考英语一轮复习考点帮(新高考专用)(教师版)
展开考点04 形容词(核心考点精讲精练)
1. 三年真题考点分布
题型
语法填空
高考考点
介词
新高考I卷
2023
taste--tasty
2022
2021
hot--hotter
新高考II卷
2023
confidence--confident
2022
sleep--asleep
2021
浙江1月高考卷
2023
space -- spacious simple--simpler
2022
2021
small--smaller low--lower
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于形容词的考查共计8次,主要考查:
1.其他词转化为形容词的词形转换;
2.形容词的比较级;
3. 形容词的比较句型。
【备考策略】系统归类形容词的词形转换词,尤其注意不规则变化;重熟练掌握形容词比较句型的用法。
【命题预测】
语法填空对形容词的考查仍然会成为高考的重点,主要集中考查形容词的词形转换,形容词的相关句型用法。
考点一 形容词的词形转换
1.形容词的构词规律
类别
例词
词尾加-y
cloud→cloudy, luck→lucky, health→healthy, sleep→sleepy
词尾加-(e)d
gift→gifted, talent→talented, advance→advanced, excite→excited
词尾加ing
surprise→surprising, convince→convincing, frighten→frightening
词尾加-ful/-less
meaning→meaningful/meaningless, care→careful/careless, help→helpful/helpless, harm→harmful/harmless, home→homeless, colour→colourful/colourless, use→useful/useless, thank→thankful/thankless, peace→peaceful/peaceless
词尾加-able
comfort→comfortable, knowledge→knowledgeable, accept→acceptable, respect→respectable
词尾加-ous
danger→dangerous, courage→courageous, humour→humorous
词尾的-ce变为-t
confidence→confident, difference→different
词尾加-al
music→musical, person→personal, nation→national, education→educational, tradition→traditional
词尾加-ly
friend→friendly, week→weekly, love→lovely
词尾加-en
wood→wooden, wool→woolen
其他常见变化
energy→energetic, fool→foolish, pleasure→pleasant/pleased, science→scientific
以重读闭音节结尾的名词变成形容词时,要双写该辅音字母再加-y(如sun→sunny, fun→funny等),以e结尾的名词要去掉e再加-y(如noise→noisy, ice→icy, taste→tasty等)
动词词尾加ive/ative
attract→attractive, talk→talkative, prevent→preventive, protect→protective
提示 如何区分-ed形容词与-ing形容词
解决此类问题有两个切入点:第一,看语境表示的是“令人……”(-ing),还是“感到……”(-ed);第二,看语境说明的是性质特征(-ing),还是感受(-ed)。具体如下:
(1)-ing型形容词主要用于修饰物或事,表示事物的性质特征,常译为“令人……的”。
(2)-ed型形容词通常用于说明人的感受,常译为“感到……的”,强调人自身的情感波动;修饰事物时,则多修饰smile(微笑), feeling(感觉), appearance(外貌), cry(哭), face(面部表情), voice(声音), mood(情绪), look(表情)等表示人的情绪状况的名词。
2.词形转换的具体总结
形容词后缀
1.形容词后缀-able
(1)能……的;可……的
accept→acceptable 可接受的
adapt→adaptable 能适应的
adjust→adjustable 可调节的
afford→affordable 负担得起的
rely→reliable 可信赖的,可依靠的
特别提醒:词尾的e去还是不去,一定记清楚,考试出错就在一瞬间
change→changeable 易变的
admire→admirable 可钦佩的
believe→believable 可相信的
(2)具有……的特点
enjoy→enjoyable 令人愉快的
suit→suitable 合适的
comfort→comfortable 舒适的
fashion→fashionable 时髦的
reason→reasonable 合理的
特别提醒:词尾的e去还是不去,一定记清楚,考试出错就在一瞬间
value→valuable 有价值的
knowledge→knowledgeable 有丰富知识的,博学的
2.形容词后缀-ful/-less
cheer→cheerful 兴高采烈的
doubt→doubtful 怀疑的
forget→forgetful 健忘的
thought→thoughtful 周到的;深思的
peace→peaceful 和平的
success→successful 成功的
regret→regretful 后悔的
harm→harmful 有害的→harmless 无害的
help→helpful 有帮助的→helpless 无助的;无能的
hope→hopeful 有希望的→hopeless 绝望的
use→useful 有用的→useless 无用的;无效的
power→powerful 强有力的→powerless 无力的
meaning→meaningful 有意义的→meaningless 无意义的
3.形容词后缀-ive/-ative
act→active 积极的;活跃的
attract→attractive 有吸引力的
impress→impressive 给人深刻印象的
instruct→instructive 有教育意义的
create→creative 创造性的
progress→progressive 进步的
talk→talkative 健谈的(别忘了字母a)
effect→effective 有效的
4.形容词后缀-ous(ous还是ious一定要记清楚)
continue→continuous 不断的;持续的
anxiety→anxious 忧虑的
caution→cautious 小心的;谨慎的
curiosity→curious 好奇的
danger→dangerous 危险的
humor→humorous 幽默的
mountain→mountainous 多山的
poison→poisonous 有毒的
ambition→ambitious 有野心的
religion→religious 宗教的
space→spacious 宽敞的;广阔的
5.形容词后缀-ble/-ible
horror→horrible 可怕的;恐怖的
terror→terrible 可怕的;糟糕的
vision→visible 看得见的
access→accessible 容易达到的;容易取得的
6.形容词后缀-y
fog→foggy 多雾的
taste→tasty 美味的;可口的
luck→lucky 幸运的
health→healthy 健康的
dirt→dirty 有灰尘的;脏的
greed→greedy 贪婪的
sun→sunny 阳光明媚的
wealth→wealthy 富裕的;丰富的
7.形容词后缀-al/-ial
culture→cultural 文化的
agriculture→agricultural 农业的
practice→practical 实际的
music→musical 音乐的
origin→original 最初的
person→personal 个人的;私人的
center→central 中央的;中心的
nature→natural 自然的;天生的
tradition→traditional 传统的
option→optional 可选择的,选修的
profession→professional 专业的;职业的
benefit→beneficial 有益的
face→facial 面部的(看起来很简单但很容易错)
industry→industrial 工业的
finance→financial 金融的
8.形容词后缀-ic
science→scientific 科学的
economy→economic 经济的
history→historic 历史上著名的
history→historical 具有重大历史意义的
energy→energetic 精力充沛的
class→classic 经典的
9.形容词后缀-en
wood→wooden 木制的
gold→golden 金色的
wool→wool(l)en 羊毛的
10.形容词后缀-ly
dead→deadly 致命的
live→lively 活跃的
friend→friendly 友好的
year→yearly 每年的
month→monthly 每月的
week→weekly 每周的
day→daily 每日的;日常的
cost→costly 昂贵的
order→orderly 有次序的
(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 语法填空)Xiao long bao(soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, 56. (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favourite Chinese street food.
【答案】tasty
【解析】考查形容词。句意:小笼包(汤包),那些精致的饺子皮,包裹着热腾腾的美味汤汁和甜甜的鲜肉,无疑是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。形容词修饰后面的名词 soup作定语,故空处需用tasty “美味的”。
1.(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)I'm enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something ________ (use).
【答案】useful
【解析】修饰不定代词时,形容词后置,此处指有用的事。故填useful。
2.(2023·四川省成都市第八中学高三二模)________ (advance) technologies are increasingly playing a major role in Chinese museums.
【答案】Advanced
【解析】考查形容词词形转换。句意:先进的技术在中国的博物馆中发挥着越来越重要的作用。此处修饰名词technologies用形容词,因为位于句首,注意要用大写。故填Advanced。
3.(2023·重庆市第八中学高三检测)“Many people want to lie down because 996 is too ________ (tire),” she said.
【答案】tiring
【解析】考查形容词词形转换。句意:很多人都躺平,因为996太累了。此处指996令人劳累,故填tiring。
考点二 形容词的比较级和最高级
形容词比较级和最高级的构成(+er/est)转换
以e结尾
+r/st
late—later—latest
以“辅音字母+y”结尾
变-y为i,+er/est
early—earlier—earliest
以重读闭音节结尾(末尾只有一个辅音字母)
双写结尾字母+er/est
big—bigger—biggest
多音节和部分双音节结尾
前面加more/most
beautiful—more beautiful—most beautiful
[特别注意] (1)有少数几个双音节形容词,既可以加er和est,又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词有:common, handsome, quiet, pleasant, cruel, stupid, friendly等。
(2)有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度,因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有:right (正确的), wrong (错误的), excellent (优秀的), possible (可能的), empty (空的), first (第一的), wooden (木制的), final (最后的), east (东方的), last (最后的), favourite (最喜欢的)等。
(3)不规则变化
原级
比较级
最高级
good, well
better
best
bad, badly, ill
worse
worst
many, much
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther(指时间或空间上“更远的”)
farthest(指时间或空间上“最久的;最远的”)
further(指空间距离“更远的”;在更大程度上)
furthest(指空间距离“最远的”;在最大程度上)
old
older/elder
oldest/eldest
形容词的比较级
①If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work,you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of greater and less importance.
如果你因为工作责任而感到有压力的话,那么你应该暂缓一下,识别哪些事情更重要,哪些不太重要。
②The earlier the treatment is given,the better the patient's chances.
病人越早接受治疗,康复的可能性就越大。
③Of the two cameras,I would prefer the smaller one,which is very easy for me to carry.
这两个照相机,我喜欢较小的一个,它便于携带。
考点总结
1.比较级的修饰语常见的有rather,much,still,even,far,any(用于否定句或疑问句),a lot,a little,a great deal,by far,a bit等。
2.比较级+than...“比……更”;less...than“不如……”。
3.the+比较级,the+比较级“越……,越……”。
4.the+比较级+of (the)+名词/代词“(两者中)较……的”。
形容词的最高级
①The happiest are not those who own all the best things,but those who can appreciate the beauty of life.
最幸福的人不是那些拥有最好的事物的人,而是那些懂得欣赏生活的美好的人。
②This is the best song by far that I've ever heard.
这是我听过的最好听的歌。
③—Are you pleased with what he has done?
—Not a bit.It couldn't be any worse.
——你对他做的事满意吗?
——一点也不满意。他做的事情糟糕透顶。
④I'm sure I was the last person in the word he want to accept assistance from.
我确信在这个世界上,他最不希望接受我的帮助了。
1.三者或三者以上的比较用最高级。
2.最高级的修饰语常见的有序数词,by far,nearly,almost,by no means,not really,not quite,nothing like等。
3.“否定词+比较级”表示最高级意义。
4.the last表示“最不可能的”“最不适合的”“最不希望的”等。
(2023·1月新高考浙江卷 语法填空)Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and ________ (simple)in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower.
【答案】simpler
【解析】
考查形容词比较级。句意:他们的四合院规模要小很多,并且在设计和装饰上更加简单,并且胡同也更窄。根据句子结构和and可知,空格处需要填形容词比较级和前面的smaller构成并列结构作表语。故填simpler。
1.(2023·山西省太原市高三模拟二)Norwegians, by the way, always eat the skin of the fish, which they say is the ________ (tasty) of all.
【答案】tastiest
【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意:顺便说一下,挪威人总是吃鱼的皮,他们说这是所有食物中最美味的。此处根据of all可知用嘴高级。故填tastiest。
2.(2023·安徽省蚌埠市第一次教学质量检查)The period of hot days after Start of Autumn, usually lasting for 30 days, is called “Autumn Tiger" or “Indian Summer". Because of decreasing rainfall, it is even ________(hot)during this period than during Major Heat.
【答案】hotter
【解析】考查比较级。句意:因为雨水逐渐减少,这个时期比酷热时期更热。分析句子结构可知,空格处应填形容词的比较级,hot的比较级为hotter,所以应填hotter。故填hotter。
3.(2023·山东省济宁市高三检测)MidAutumn Festival is one of ________ (important) festivals in Chinese calendar.
【答案】the most important
【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意:中秋节是中国日历上的重要的节日之一。根据one of可知,此处用最高级。故填the most important。
4.(2023·江苏省扬州市高邮市第一中学等2校联考)The successful application can further help improve tea’s influence globally. It will not only promote more respect for cultural diversity and human creativity but also will encourage people to pursue ________ (healthy) lifestyles by integrating tea culture into their daily lives.
【答案】healthier
【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意:它不仅将促进对文化多样性和人类创造力的更多尊重,还将通过将茶文化融入日常生活,鼓励人们追求更健康的生活方式。分析句意可知,形容词healthy“健康的”需要改为比较级healthier“更健康的”,因为由not only...but also“不但……而且……”句式可知,设空处与前句promote more respect“促进更多尊重”形成并列关系。故填healthier。
考点三 倍数表达法
①The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be three times as big as the present one.
为迎接下一届亚运会而正在修建的体育场将是现在的三倍大。
②Smoking is harmful to people's health,killing seven times more people each year than traffic accidents.
吸烟有害健康,每年因抽烟而丧命的人是死于交通事故的7倍多。
③The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one.
新扩建的广场是未扩建时的4倍大。
④The price is ten times what it normally is and totally beyond the reach of ordinary people.
这个价格是平时的10倍,一般人根本买不起。
考点总结
表示倍数的几个句型
1.倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+as...
2.倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than...
3.倍数+the+性质名词(size/length/height等)+of...
4.The+名词+be+倍数+what从句
5.The+名词+be+倍数+that/those of...
(2023·河南省九师联盟高三阶段检测)“Figuring it out is 1,000 times ________ (hard) than understanding the physics behind climate changes,” Manabe said.
【答案】harder
【解析】根据than可知,此处应用hard的比较级。故填harder。
1.Peter’s jacket looked just the same as Jack’s, but it cost _______ his.
A. as much twice as B. twice as much as
C. much as twice as D. as twice much as
【答案】B
【解析】考查倍数的表达,as…as同级比较前的修饰语位置。twice应该放在第一个as之前,即:公式A is…times+as…as B,故选B。
2.At a rough estimate, Nigeria is______Great Britain.
A. three times the size as B.the size three times of
C. three times as the size of D.three times the size of
【答案】D
【解析】四个选项中都有size一词,本体考查“…times the + 性质名词 + of…”
句型。A项的as应为of;B项three times 应放前边;C项中as多余,只有D项符合句型特点.
考点四 形容词比较级的基本句型
形容词比较等级的基本句型
句型(1):as + adj./ adv.原级 + as / not as/ so + adj./ adv.原级+as
注意:当as… as 中间有名词时采用以下格式。
This is as good an example as the other is.
= This is an example as good as the other is.
句型(2) adj./ adv.比较级+ than / less + adj./ adv.原级+ than
You are less tall than I.
注意:
比较级后面跟有名词时,有时需要加适当的冠词。
Tom is the taller of the two brothers.
I have never read a better story.
句型(3) the + 最高级 + of/ among+ 同类名词/ in +范围、地点等名词/定语从句(…have ever …)
This cake is the most delicious of all/ in the shop/ I have ever had.
注意:
①当没有比较的范围时,most表示非常,相当于very,此时没有比较概念。例如:
Steel is most useful / a most useful material in industry.
②"否定词语+比较级","否定词语+ so… as"结构表示最高级含义。
Nothing is so easy as this.
=Nothing is easier than this.
=This is the easiest thing.
We couldn’t feel better.
比较等级的修饰语
①强调一方超过另一方的程度或数量时,可在比较级前加表示程度的状语,如even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、by far等修饰。
注意:by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时,一般放在比较级的后面,如在前面,应在二者中间加“the”。
如:He is taller by far than his brother.
He is by far the taller of the two brothers.
②最高级可被序数词以及much、by far、nearly、almost 、by no means、not quite、not really、nothing like等词语所修饰。
③原级可被very, too, so, enough, rather, quite, fairly等等修饰。
句型(4)the+比较级,the+比较级。表示“越…越…”
The more you practise,the better you can understand.你练习的越多你理解的就越透。双方比较,表示一方超过另一方时,用“比较级 (+ than)”的结构表示。要注意题干中将比较的另一方隐藏起来的情况。
句型(5)表示一方不及另一方时,用“less +原级+than”的结构表示。
如:This room is less beautiful than that one.
句型(6)不与其他事物相比,表示本身程度的改变时,用“比较级 + and + 比较级”的结构,意思是“越来越……”。
如:The weather is getting colder and colder.
The girl becomes more and more beautiful.
(8)三者及其以上之间的比较,要用最高级。
(9)否定词+比较级,可以用来表达最高级的意思。如:
I couldn’t agree more.我非常同意。
(10)某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时,用to代替than。这些词有inferior(劣等的,次的)、superior(较好的,优于……)、junior(资历较浅的)、senior(资格较老的)、prior(在……之前)等。
He is superior to Mr. Zhang in chemistry.
(11)用介词by表示相差的程度。
He is taller than I by a head.他比我高一头。
(12)more.., than...表示“如其说……不如说……”。
It is more blue than green.如其说是绿的,不如说是蓝的。
1.(2020年浙江卷1月)The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are large compared to younger generations, and so, on average, the population becomes _________(old)than before.
【答案】older
【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意:首先是出生率的下降,这意味着老一代比年轻一代人口多,因此,平均而言,人口比以前老龄化。根据下文than before可知应用形容词比较级,故填older。
2.(2018新课标I卷)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years __________ (long) than non-runners.
【答案】longer
【解析】考查形容词比较级。后面有than,所以用比较级。
1.(2018年浙江卷)There could be an even _________ (high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in weight problems.
【答案】higher
【解析】考查形容词比较级。此处修饰名词cost用形容词,even表示程度,修饰比较级,故填higher。
2.(2020北京卷)They were much stronger than modern humans, but it's long been assumed that human ancestors were____ ___(smart)than the Neanderthals.
【答案】smarter
【解析】考查形容词的比较级。句意:但长期以来,人们一直认为人类祖先比尼安德特人更聪明。设空处前为were设空处应用形容词,设空处后的than表示比较,应用比较级。故答案为smarter。
3.(2019新课标I卷)leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are ________ (high) than they actually are.
【答案】higher
【解析】考查形容词比较级。根据其后than they actually are可知,此处为形容词的比较级,故填higher。
考点五 形容词作状语
形容词作状语(读后续写常用句型)
①Having been praised by the teacher,the little girl ran back home,happy and satisfied.
被老师表扬之后,这个小女孩非常高兴,满足地跑回了家。
②Helpless,we watched our home destroyed before our eyes.
我们束手无策,只能眼睁睁地看着自己的家园被毁掉。
③Scared and alone,Joshua one day makes friends with a little mouse he calls Bethlehem who becomes his closest friend.
由于害怕和孤独,一天Joshua和一只被他叫作Bethlehem的小老鼠成为朋友,之后那只小老鼠成为了他最亲密的朋友。
基础过关
(最新模拟试题演练)
1.【2023·粤湘鄂名校联盟高三第一次联考】His ceramic works, both ____43____ (function) and sculptural, are full of elements of fashion, humor, and character painted on with traditional Chinese ink.
【答案】functional
【解析】考查形容词。句意:他的陶瓷作品,无论是功能性的还是雕塑性的,都充满了时尚、幽默和中国传统水墨人物画的元素。根据后文and sculptural可知应用function的形容词形式,故填functional。
2.【2023·河南省安阳市TOP二十名校摸底】Yin is receptive and feminine; while Yang is ____49____(act) and masculine (阳性的). It’s believed that odd (奇数的) numbers belong to yang and even numbers belong to yin.
【答案】active
【解析】考查形容词。句意:阴善于接纳,阴柔;而阳则活跃,阳刚。作表语,表示“活跃”应用形容词active。故填active。
3.【2023·湖南省益阳市质量检测】Zheng He’s efforts helped develop ____42____ (harmony) relations with these countries and regions, introducing foreign people to Chinese culture, and allowing the Chinese to better understand overseas lands.
【答案】harmonious
【解析】考查形容词。句意:郑和的努力有助于发展与这些国家和地区的和谐关系,使外国人民了解中国文化,并使中国人更好地了解海外土地。分析句子可知,空处填形容词harmonious“和谐的”,修饰名词relations,作其前置定语。故填harmonious。
4.【2023·内蒙古包头市高三调研】Pablo Picasso was a ____49____ (produce) artist but many of his works were stolen.
【答案】productive
【解析】考查形容词。句意:毕加索是一个多产的艺术家,但他的许多作品被盗。形容词修饰名词,结合空后artist可知,此处用形容词productive作定语,修饰名词,故填productive。
5.【2023·江苏省四所名校高三期中联考】His reply to “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles?” was a ____41____(determine) “Why not? We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make.”
【答案】determined
【解析】考查形容词。句意:他对“我们中国人有可能制造导弹吗?”这个问题的回答是坚定的,即“为什么不呢?我们中国人能够制造和其他人一样的东西。”分析句子可知,此处应用形容词作定语,结合语意可知,此处意为“坚定的,坚决的”,故应用-ed结尾形容词,表示人物的态度,即determined。故填determined。
6.【2023·江苏省四所名校高三期中联考】Qian was extremely ____43____(knowledge), especially in the area of frontier science research.
【答案】knowledgeable
【解析】考查形容词。句意:钱学识渊博,尤其是在前沿科学研究方面。分析句子可知,此处应用形容词作表语,意为“学识渊博的”,故空处应填形容词knowledgeable。故填knowledgeable。
7.【2023`江苏省苏州市常熟市阶段性抽测二】In Chinese art history, Qi Baishi ranks as a ____56____ (tower) figure. His unusual and playful style opened up a new prospect in the imagery of traditional Chinese painting, and has left a rich legacy still widely recognized in modern society.
【答案】towering
【解析】考查形容词。句意:在中国美术史上,齐白石是一位杰出的人物。此处应用形容词towering“杰出的,卓越的”修饰名词figure。故填towering。
8.【2023届山西省高三1月适应性调研考试(一模)】The Long March-5 is China’s most ____40____(power) launch vehicle currently in operational service, with a maximum payload capacity of 25 tonnes to low Earth orbit(LEO). It has been used to send China’s three space station modules, weighing about 66 tonnes, into LEO.
【答案】powerful
【解析】考查形容词。句意:长征五号是中国目前投入运行的最强大的运载火箭,最大有效载荷能力为25吨,可进入低地球轨道(LEO)。分析句子结构和意思可知,此处需要形容词,意为“强大的”,作定语,修饰后面的名词launch vehicle。故填powerful。
9.【2023届浙江省宁波市高三上学期高考与选考模拟】The skilled bamboo craftsmen are recording the daily detailed production process of their handicrafts on social media, which are regarded as a “___38___ (mystery) Chinese power” in the eyes of foreign netizens.
【答案】mysterious
【解析】考查形容词。句意见上题解析。设空处后为名词,设空处应用形容词的形式修饰名词。故填mysterious。
10.【浙江省宁波市镇海中学2022-2023学年高三上学期12月模拟】This is because Qixi carries itself a symbolic meaning: choose your own love and remain _____45_____ (faith) for life.
【答案】faithful
【解析】考查形容词。句意:这是因为七夕具有象征意义:选择自己的爱情,忠贞一生。remain“保持”为连系动词,所以空处用形容词作表语,故填faithful。
11.【2023届广西南宁市高三上学期毕业班摸底】After Autumn Equinox, the location of direct sunlight moves to the south, making days shorter and nights ___65___ (long) in the northern hemisphere (半球). In ancient China, people threw arrows into pots to welcome Autumn Equinox.
【答案】longer
【解析】考查形容词。句意:之后,阳光直射的位置向南移动,使得北半球的白天变短,夜晚变长。结合语意,此处表示“使得白天更短,夜晚更长”,空处应用形容词的比较级形式longer,表示“更长的”。故填longer。
12.【2023届广西南宁市高三上学期毕业班摸底】The___61___ (tradition) Chinese lunar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. More than 2, 000 years ago, ancient Chinese people created this overall framework to mark the annual passage of time based on observations of the sun’s movement.
【答案】traditional
【解析】考查形容词。句意:中国传统的农历将一年分为24个节气。空处修饰名词Chinese lunar calendar,应用形容词形式作定语,traditional是形容词,表示“传统的”。故填traditional。
13.【安徽省蚌埠市2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次教学质量检查】Start of Autumn,(Li Qiu in Chinese), the 13th solar term of the year, reflects the end of summer and the beginning of autumn, meaning the ____45____(fruit)season is approaching. Start of Autumn is also a big solar term for farmers.
【答案】fruitful
【解析】考查形容词。句意:立秋是24节气中的第十三个节气,指暑去凉来,意味着收获的季节的来临。分析句子结构可知,空格处应填形容词来修饰名词“season”, fruit的形容词形式为fruitful。故填fruitful。
14.【江苏省苏州市2022-2023学年高三上学期期中调研】On Autumn Equinox day, there are thousands of people in the world trying to make eggs stand on end. According to experts, on the Spring Equinox and Autumn Equinox, the earth’s axis(轴), on its 66.5 degree tilt, is in a relative balance of power with the earth’s orbit around the sun. Thus it is an ____45____ (easy) time for people to practice the game.
【答案】easier
【解析】考查形容词的比较级。句意:因此,这是一个人们更容易做这个游戏的时间。根据上一句“According to experts, on the Spring Equinox and Autumn Equinox, the earth’s axis(轴), on its 66.5 degree tilt, is in a relative balance of power with the earth’s orbit around the sun. (据专家介绍,在春分和秋分时,地轴倾斜66.5度,与地球绕太阳公转的轨道处于相对的力量平衡状态)”和该句中的thus可知,在秋分这一天把鸡蛋立起来要比其它时间更容易,所以空格处应该用easy的比较级形式easier。故填easier。
15.【河南省名校大联考2022-2023学年高三上学期1月期末】Tea is a simple drink. And it is ____41____(center) to the lives of millions of people worldwide.
【答案】central
【解析】考查形容词。句意:它对全世界数百万人的生活至关重要。作表语,应用形容词central。故填central。
能力提升
阅读下面短文.在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。【2023届吉林省吉林市普通高中高三下学期第四次调研测试】
Amid the heights of a mountain range in southwestern China, thousands of different species of flowers ____1____(mysterious) live together in harmony, without fighting as they do in other areas for the pollinators that are crucial to their continued survival. The flowers’ ____2____(coexist) has left scientists confused for years, but a new study may offer answers.
A team of Chinese researchers set out____3____(understand) the phenomenon better. By documenting the flowering patterns of 34 different species, they discovered that they were not blooming at the same time, ____4____ at different points of the season, ____5____(explain) their ability to thrive (繁荣)so closely to one another.
The Hengduan Mountains are known____6____ their biological diversity, spanning deep rivers to tall peaks, and their weather, ____7____ ranges from the subtropical humidity to cold, snowy winters. In the botanist community, however, the mountains are also spectacular because of the estimated 12, 000 species of flowers that call____8____(they) home, some 3, 500 of which aren’t found naturally anywhere else on Earth.
There are around 272 different species of rhododendrons (杜鹃) native to the Hengduan region, according to the study. Qin Li, ____9____ postdoctoral researcher at the Chicago Field Museum, who spent over two months visiting more than 100 sites throughout the bloom season to document their blossoms and other characteristics, once _____10_____(describe) the species on the mountains as an “ocean of flowers”.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国横断山脉的花海美景。
1.mysteriously考查词形转换。在中国西南山脉的高处,成千上万种不同的花神秘地和谐地生活在一起,而不像在其他地区那样为了对它们持续生存至关重要的传粉者而争斗。此处为副词修饰动词live, mysterious的副词为mysteriously。故填mysteriously。
2.coexistence 考查词形转换。这些花的共存让科学家们困惑了多年,但一项新的研究可能会提供答案。此处为名词作主语,coexist的名词为coexistence意为“共存”且为不可数名词。故填coexistence。
3.to understand考查非谓语动词。一支中国的科学家团队打算去更好地了解这种现象。 此处为固定短语set out to do sth.意为“打算或着手做……”。故填to understand。
4.but考查连词。通过记录34种不同物种的开花模式,他们发现它们并不是在同一时间开花,而是在季节的不同时间点开花,这解释了它们彼此之间如此近距离生长的能力。此处为固定结构“not…but…”的结构意为“不是……而是……”符合句意。故填but。
5.explaining考查非谓语动词。通过记录34种不同物种的开花模式,研究人员发现它们不同时开花,而是在同一季节的不同时间开花,这解释了它们为什么长地如此紧密却都能繁荣生长的原因。此处为非谓语动词作状语,explain与逻辑主语之间为主动关系,所以使用现在分词形式。故填explaining。
6.for考查介词。横断山以其生物多样性而闻名,从深江到高峰,以及从亚热带潮湿到寒冷多雪的冬季的气候。此处为固定短语be known for意为“以……闻名”符合句意。故填 for。
7.which考查定语从句。横断山以其生物多样性而闻名,从深江到高峰,以及从亚热带潮湿到寒冷多雪的冬季的气候。此处为连词引导的非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少主语,所以使用关系代词,先行词为weather指物。故填which。
8.them考查代词。然而,在植物学家群体中,这些山脉也是壮观的,因为据估计有12000种花把它们称为家园,其中大约3500种是地球上其他任何地方都无法天然找到的。此处为call的宾语,所以用使用宾格形式指代该句中的名词复数mountains。故填them。
9.a考查冠词。芝加哥菲尔德博物馆(Chicago Field Museum)的博士后研究员Qin Li在花季花了两个多月的时间参观了100多个景点,以记录它们的开花和其他特征,他曾将山上的这种物种描述为“花的海洋”。此处为QinLi的同位语,说明其身份,故用不定冠词,且空后的postdoctoral第一个音素为辅音。故填a。
10.described考查动词时态。芝加哥菲尔德博物馆(Chicago Field Museum)的博士后研究员Qin Li在花季花了两个多月的时间参观了100多个景点,以记录它们的开花和其他特征,他曾将山上的这种物种描述为“花的海洋”。此处为谓语动词,根据定语从句中的spent及主句中的once可以判断出describe的时态为过去时,且与句子主语之间为主动关系。故填described。
真题感知
1.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 语法填空)Xiao long bao(soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, 56. (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favourite Chinese street food.
【答案】tasty
【解析】考查形容词。句意:小笼包(汤包),那些精致的饺子皮,包裹着热腾腾的美味汤汁和甜甜的鲜肉,无疑是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。形容词修饰后面的名词 soup作定语,故空处需用tasty “美味的”。
2.(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷 语法填空)Whenever I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo, I almost always get a questioning look. Behind it, the person is trying to figure out who exactly I teach…the animals?
Since June 2017, right before the arrival of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and 57. (confidence) speaking English.
【答案】confident
【解析】考查形容词。根据and可知,本空和空前的形容词comfortable并列,故应用形容词形式。
3.(2023·1月新高考浙江卷 语法填空)The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by ____61____ (space)homes and walled gardens. Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers.
【答案】spacious
【解析】考查形容词。句意:他们建立的胡同井然有序。宽大的房屋和有墙的花园成行排列。空格处需要填形容词作定语修饰空格后的名词homes。故填spacious。
4.(2023·1月新高考浙江卷 语法填空)Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and ____62____ (simple)in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower.
【答案】simpler
【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意:他们的四合院规模要小很多,并且在设计和装饰上更加简单,并且胡同也更窄。根据句子结构和and可知,空格处需要填形容词比较级和前面的smaller构成并列结构作表语。故填simpler。
5.(2023·全国乙卷 语法填空)The (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, meas there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
【答案】remarkable
【解析】考查形容词。句意:这座城市在步入现代世界的同时有意识地保护过去,其非凡的发展意味着这里总是有新的东西可以发现,“我”可以在接下来的50年里拍摄北京。本空修饰名词development,故应用形容词remarkable作定语,意为“非凡的,引人注目的”。
6.(2023·全国甲卷 语法填空)67. (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.
【答案】Different
【解析】考查形容词。句意:与传统的寓言不同,Carson的故事以一种指责而不是一种寓意结束。根据句意可知,此处是形容词短语作状语,其逻辑主语和句子的主语一致,都是Carson’s story。故填Different。
7.【2022·全国甲卷】Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___66___ (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.
【答案】 meaningful
【解析】考查词形转换。曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构,用形容词meaningful,作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。
8.【2022·全国甲卷】In the last five years, Cao has walked through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ___68___ (high) mountain.
【答案】 highest
【解析】考查形容词最高级。在过去的五年中,曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家,2016年,他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶,这是非洲最高的山峰。根据空前Africa’s可知,此处表示乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山脉,用形容词最高级。故填highest。
9.【2022·全国高考乙卷】“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the ___44___ (large) tea-producing country, China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
【答案】 largest
【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意:中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国,作为国际茶日的主要推动者,中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。根据定冠词the和常识可知,中国是最大产茶国,所以用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。
10.【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell ___38___ (sleep) while watching TV.
【答案】asleep
【解析】考查形容词。句意:他们俩看电视的时候都睡着了。根据句子结构可知,设空处应该填写形容词作表语。sleep为动词,意为“睡觉”,其形容词为asleep。fall asleep为固定搭配,意为“熟睡的”,asleep符合句意。故填asleep。
11.(2021新课标I卷)The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the___________ (hot) the spring!
【答案】hotter
【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意为:春天的神奇之处在于温度越低,春天就越热!本句为固定句型:the+比较级,the+比较级,表示"越……越……",故填hotter.
12.(2021新课标I卷)Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ___________(ache) legs.
【答案】aching
【解析】考查形容词。句意为:虽然这是你上山途中唯一不自然的事情,但它仍然突出了整个冒险,并提供了一个地方,你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的腿。ache和它所修饰的词之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词作定语,故填aching.
13.(2021全国高考II卷)I told him how __________ (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options.
【答案】harmful
【解析】考查形容词。句意:我告诉他塑料对环境的危害,并请他考虑使用更环保的产品。该处为how引导的感叹句,how之后接形容词,所以填harmful。
14.(2021全国甲卷)After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what ___________ (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
【答案】better
【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意:在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后,我们决定是时候采取一些行动了,还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。根据后文比较连(介)词than可知,此处应用形容词good的比较级。故填better。
15.(2021全国甲卷)Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their __________ (day) routines.
【答案】daily
【解析】考查形容词。句意:据说你可以在两个小时内完成,但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照,或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。修饰后文名词routines应用day的形容词daily,作定语,修饰名词。故填daily。
16.(2021全国乙卷)It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become ___________ (educate)about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics
【答案】educated
【解析】考查形容词。句意:这不同于传统的旅游,因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色,并且经常为环境保护提供资金,并有利于当地的发展。分析句子成分可知,此处查固定搭配become educated about表示“对……有所了解”。故填educated。
17.(2021全国乙卷)Provide _________(finance)aid and other benefits for local peoples.
【答案】financial
【解析】考查形容词。句意:为当地人民提供财政援助和其他福利。根据空后名词aid可知,空格处应填形容词来修饰名词aid,finance的形容词形式为financial。故填financial。
18.(2021年浙江卷)When the house was built, it was much __________ (small)than it is today.
【答案】smaller
【解析】考查形容词。句意:这栋房子建成时比现在小得多。结合设空前的much和设空后的than可知,此处考查形容词比较级固定结构much+比较级+than,提示词small的比较级形式为smaller。故填smaller。
19.(2021年浙江卷1月)This may be due to some disadvantages for people living in the countryside, including ____ ___ (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
【答案】lower
【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意:这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件,包括较低的收入和教育水平,较高的健康食品成本,以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知,including说明的是一些不利条件,且后面有higher和fewer,是并列关系,所以low也应该用比较级形式,故填lower。
20.(2020新课标II卷)Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The___________ (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.
【答案】beautiful
【解析】考查形容词。句意:美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾,做成漂亮的装饰。修饰名词branches,用形容词形式。故填beautiful。
21.(2020新课标III卷)One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their __________ (fine) work, so that he could choose the best.
【答案】finest
【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意:一天,皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像,于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来,展示他们最好的作品,以便他挑选最好的。结合句意,皇帝想要画家最好的作品,表示“最好的”此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。
22.(2020年山东卷)In the 18th and 19th centuries, __________ (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art.
【答案】wealthy
【解析】考查形容词。句意:在18和19世纪,富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。此处修饰名词people,应使用形容词,做定语。故填wealthy。
23.(2020北京卷)Oliver says if you're__ __(luck) enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them if you can join in when it's possible.
【答案】lucky
【解析】考查形容词。句意:奥利弗说,如果你足够幸运,身边有一个喜欢烹饪的人。空前有be动词,所以空处填形容词做表语。故填lucky。
24.(2020北京卷)They were much stronger than modern humans, but it's long been assumed that human ancestors were____ ___(smart)than the Neanderthals.
【答案】smarter
【解析】考查形容词的比较级。句意:但长期以来,人们一直认为人类祖先比尼安德特人更聪明。设空处前为were设空处应用形容词,设空处后的than表示比较,应用比较级。故答案为smarter。
25.(2020年浙江卷1月)The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are large compared to younger generations, and so, on average, the population becomes _________(old)than before.
【答案】older
【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意:首先是出生率的下降,这意味着老一代比年轻一代人口多,因此,平均而言,人口比以前老龄化。根据下文than before可知应用形容词比较级,故填older。
26.(2019新课标I卷)leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are ________ (high) than they actually are.
【答案】higher
【解析】考查形容词比较级。根据其后than they actually are可知,此处为形容词的比较级,故填higher。
27.(2019新课标II卷)It's ___________(wonder).
【答案】wonderful
【解析】考查形容词作表语。根据句子结构可知,在系动词is之后用形容词形式作表语,故填wonderful。
28.(2019新课标III卷)They also shared with us many _________ (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were _________ (huge)popular with tourists.
【答案】traditional; hugely
【解析】考查形容词/副词。空格修饰名词stories,应用形容词形式,tradition的形容词为traditional,故填traditional;空格处单词修饰形容词popular,应用副词形式,huge的副词为hugely,故填hugely。
29.(2019北京卷)Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to attend, and it’s never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and ___________(meaning) college experience.
【答案】meaningful
【解析】考查形容词。这里与前面的healthy并列,修饰后面的名词college experience,故此处也要用形容词。故填meaningful。
30.(2019年浙江卷)School uniforms are ___________(tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them.
【答案】traditional
【解析】考查形容词。句意:穿校服在英国是一个传统,但是一些学校开始允许学生上学不用穿校服。这里作表语,常用形容词,tradition是名词,因此,用其形容词形式。故填traditional。
31.(2018新课标I卷)According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years __________ (long) than non-runners.
【答案】longer
【解析】考查形容词比较级。后面有than,所以用比较级。
32.(2018新课标I卷)Running is cheap, easy and it's always____________(energy).
【答案】energetic
【解析】考查形容词。作表语,所以用形容词。
33.(2018新课标II卷)According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total (globe) fertilizer consumption.
【答案】global
【解析】考查形容词。修饰名词用形容词。
34.(2018新课标III卷)He screams the __________ (loud) of all.
【答案】loudest
【解析】考查最高级。后面有表示范围的词of all,所以用最高级。
35.(2018年浙江卷)The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be ________(afford) but doing this most days adds up.
【答案】affordable
【解析】考查形容词。此处表示一周一两次外出吃饭是负担得起的。系动词be后用形容词作表语,表示“负担得起的”,故填affordable。
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