高中英语2024届高考复习语法知识汇总讲解（形容词+副词+冠词）

高考英语语法知识讲解一、形容词（比较级和最高级）（一）形容词的比较级和最高级的变换形式⒈ 在形容词词尾加上-er，-est构成比较级、最高级。⒉ 双写最后一个字母，再加上一er、-est构成比较级、最高级。⒊ 以不发音的字母e结尾的形容词，加上-r，-st构成比较级、最高级。⒋ 以字母y结尾的形容词，把y改为i，再加上-er、-est构成比较级、最高级。⒌ 双音节、多音节形容词，在单词前面加上-morel-mo成比较级、最高级。⒍不规则变化的形容词。（二）原级用法⒈ 原级比较as+形容词或副词原级+as① 在否定句或疑问句中可用so.…as。例【例】He can not run so fast as you.② 当as.…as中间有名词时采用以下格式as +形容词+a+数名词as+many/much+名词【例】This is as good an example as the other is.I can carry as much paper as you can.③ 用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。【例】This room is twice as big as that one.I can carry as much paper as you can.④ 用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。【例】This room is twice as big as that>Your room is the same size as mine.⒉ 倍数表达法① A is three(four, etc) times the size (height,length etc.)of B.【例】The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大（高）/这座新楼比那座旧楼大（高）三倍。② A is three(four, etc.) times as big (high,long,etc.)as B.【例】Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大/亚洲比欧洲大三倍。③ A is three (four etc.) times bigger (higher, longer etc.) than B.【例】Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。用times表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double.（三）形容词比较级的用法形容词的比较级用于两个人或事物的比较，结构形式如下⒈ A+is/ arm/are 形容词比较级+than+B【例】She is taller thanTom is more athletic than Sam.⒉ 比较级+and+比较级，表示“越来越”例【例】warmer and warmernicer and nicermore and more beautiful⒊ the+比较级……，the+比较级……【例】The more you read the book, the more interesting you found.⒋ 比较级的修饰语有much,far,even,a little,a bit,a lot 等。【例】He made fewer mistakes than I did.He is even richer than I. （四）形容词最高级的用法形容词最高级用于两个以上的人和物进行比较，其结构形式为主语+谓语（系动词）+the +形容词最高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句，比较常用在in，of 或among的结构中，形容词最高级前+the.【例】I am the best of the three.He is the thinnest boy in my class.（五）重点与难点⒈ 形容词原级表示比较级含义【例】John is not so stupid as Mike.John is less stupid than Mike.John is cleverer than Mike.约翰不象迈克那么笨。⒉ 用比较级表示最高级【例】约翰是班里最高的男生。John is taller than any other boy in the class.John is the tallest boy in the class.John is taller than any other boy.⒊ the more.……the more..表示越.….越…….【例】The more books you read,the wider your knowledge is.The more food you eat,the fatter you are.⒋ more and more..表示越来…….越……【例】More and more students realized the importance of a foreign language.Our country is getting stronger and stronger.⒌ 如在两者间表示最……时，要在比较级前加the，而且还用of the two,of the pair短语【例】John is the clever of the two boys.of the two boys,John is the clever. 二、副词（比较级和最高级）（一）概念副词和形容词一样，也有原级、比较级和最高级三个等级。其构成方式有规则变化和不规则变化两种情况。规则变化的一般规律是单音节词的比较级和最高级在词尾加-er或-est；多音节词以及-ly结尾的副词（early 除外），前面加more或most。不规则的变化式只能采用“各个击破”的办法去记忆。⒈    规则变化【例】② 不规则变化【例】（二）副词的比较级的用法⒈ 单独使用【例】Try to do better next time.下次争取干好一点。He\\\\\\\\\\'lI come back sooner or later.他迟早会回来的。Please speak more slowly.请讲慢一点。⒉ 和than一起使用【例】He swims better than I do.他游泳游得比我好。Can you do any better than that.你能不能干的好一些？He arrived earlier than usual.他到的比平时早。⒊ 比较级前可有状语修饰【例】You must work much faster.你必须大大加快干活的速度。Can you come over a bit more quickly?你能稍稍快点来吗？⒋ as…as和not so…as结构这两个结构也可结合副词使用① as…as可用在肯定句中，表示“像……一样"，后面的副词要用原级。【例】She can run as fast as a deer.她能跑的像鹿一样快。② 在否定句中，as…as和so…as都可以用。例【例】I don\\\\\\\\\\'t go there as much as I use.我现在到那里不象过去那么多了。I didn\\\\\\\\\\'t do as(so)well as I should.我做的不如我应做的那么好。③ 这种句子中也可以有一个表示程度的状语。例【例】She can read twice as fast as he does.她阅读的速度比他快一倍。（三）副词最高级的用法副词最高级可修饰动词，前面多数不带定冠词 the。【例】He laughs best who laughs last.（谚语）谁笑在最后谁笑的最好。of the four of us,I sang(the)worst.我们四人中我唱的最差。（四）副词比较级和最高级的一些特殊用法副词比较级和最高级还可用在一些特别结构或短语中。⒈ more and more 越来越……例【例】It rained more and more heavily.雨下得越来越大了She went farther and farther away.她越走越远了。⒉ the more..the more 越……越……例【例】The more I work,the more I accomplish.我干得越多，完成的就越多。⒊ had better(not)do sth最好（不要）做某事例【例】We\\\\\\\\\\'d better not disturb him.我们最好不要打扰他。What had we better do?我们最好做什么?  三、冠词冠词（Article）是一种虚词，在句子中不重读，本身不能独立使用，只能放在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人或事物，它是英语词性中最小的一类，只有三个，一种是不定冠词（Indefinite Article），一种是定冠词（Definite Article）。此外也有些特定场合不用冠词，即通常所称的零冠词（Zero Article）。（一）冠词a / an 的基本用法（定冠词a/an用法口诀）某人某物属某类，一人一物指全体；某人某物不具体，数量名词前表“每一”⒈ 基本用法⒉ a / an 的区别a 用在辅音音素开头的单数可数名词或字母前，an 用在元音音素开头的单数可数名词或字母前。如 a book , an orange , an egg注意：① u发音为 / ju:/ 时，单词前用a .【例】a usual boy；a university；a unit；a useful book；注意另外两个特殊词: a one-leg table ; a European② 常见辅音字母不发音的单词有an honest boy；an hour；an honor（二）不用冠词的情况注意⒈中国的传统节日前一般加“the”【例】the Mid-Autumn Day 中秋节；the Spring Festival ；⒉具体某年的季节前一般加“the”in the winter of 2009在2009年的冬天【例】⒊ 但三餐饭前如有形容词修饰时，可以用冠词【例】have a nice breakfast吃一顿美味的早餐（三）定冠词 the 的用法（四）高考常见冠词形式（五）冠词的活用