初中英语2024届中考复习形容词副词比较级与最高级知识点汇总
展开中考英语形容词副词比较级与最高级知识点形容词表示人或事物的属性、状态或特征,作为名词的装饰语,通常用在其修饰的名词前面副词表示行为或状态特征,修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或全句,表示时间、地点、程度、方式,大多数形容词副词具有比较等级一、变化规则大多数形容词和副词有比较级和最高级的变化,即原级、比较级和最高级,用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形,比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。1.单音节词加词尾-er,-est来构成比较级和最高级【例】tall(高的)-taller-tallestgreat(巨大的)-greater-greatest 2.以不发音的e结尾的单音节词只加-r,-st【例】nice(好的)-nicer-nicestlarge(大的)-larger-largestable(有能力的)-abler-ablest3.以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词,双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-er,-est【例】big(大的)-bigger-biggesthot(热的)-hotter-hottestred(红色的)-redder-reddest4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,改y为i,再加-er,-est【例】easy(容易的)-easier-easiestbusy(忙的)-busier-busiest5.以“-ly”结尾的副词,除early-earlier-earliest,其他都是加more,most【例】slowly-more slowly-most slowlybravely-more bravely-most bravelyquickly-more quickly-most quickly6.少数以“-er”“-ow”结尾的双音节词末尾加-er,-est【例】clever(聪明的)-cleverer-cleverestnarrow(窄的)-narrower-narrowest7.其他双音节词和多音节词在前面加more,most来构成比较级和最高级【例】important(重要的)-more important-most importanteasily(容易地)-more easily-most easily8.一些词的比较级和最高级,可以加-er,-est;也可以加more,most【例】clever-cleverer-cleverestclever-more clever-most clever9.不规则变化,有一些词的比较级、最高级变化是不规则的,需要特殊记忆【例】good/well-better-bestbad/ill/badly-worse-worstmany/much-more-mostlittle-less-leastfar(表示距离)-farther-farthestfar(表示程度)-further-furthestold-older/elder-oldest(表示新旧或年龄)/eldest(表示兄弟姐妹之间的长幼关系)10.一些词本身没有比较级和最高级形式【例】right,wrong,full,empty,round,complete,wooden,dead,daily等11.副词比较级和最高级的构成规则和形容词比较级和最高级的构成规则一样,所不同的是,形容词最高级前面必须用the,而副词的最高级前面的the可带可不带 二、比较级1.两者比较时用形容词比较级,其结构为“…比较级+than…”【例】Actions speak louder than words.2.在两者之间选择“哪一个更……”时,用句型“Which/Who is +比较级,…or…?”【例】Which sweater is cheaper, the red one or the yellow one?3.表示“两者之间最……的一个”时,用“the+比较级”【例】Lucy is the taller of the twins.4.表示“越……,越……”时,用“the+比较级,the+比较级”【例】The more you eat,the fatter you will become.5.表示“越来越……”时,用“比较级+and+比较级”,多音节词和部分双音节词用“more and more+形容词原级”【例】We should make our country more and more beautiful.6.形容词比较级前可以用下列词修饰:much,a little,far,a bit,a few,a lot,even,still,rather等【例】It's much colder today than yesterday. 三、最高级1.三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时,用形容词最高级形式,形容词最高级前通常需加定冠词the,句末常接in/of短语来表示范围【例】He is the strongest of all the boys.2.表示“最……之一”时,用“one of+the+最高级”【例】The light bulb is one of the most helpful inventions.3.形容词最高级前可以由物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰,此时不用定冠词the【例】Yesterday is her happiest day in her life.四、修饰语1.比较级的修饰语,much(……得多),far(……得多),even(甚至,更),still(更),a bit(有点),a little(有点),a lot(很), a great deal(大大地),twice(两倍),five times(五倍),two-fifths(五分之二),a half(一半)等修饰比较级表示程度,但决不可用very修饰【例】Tom is a little taller than Mike. Tom比Mike稍高一点。It is even colder today than yesterday. 今天甚至比昨天更冷。2.最高级的修饰语,by far/far and away(最,很);much(……得多);almost(几乎);nearly(几乎),另外,second, third, next 等也要放在定冠词之后【例】This is the third largest building in this city. 这是这个城市里第三大的建筑物。The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国第二长河。This is (by) far the best book that I've ever read. 这是我读过的最好的书。