中职英语高教版（2021）基础模块3Unit 5 Natural Wonders in the World精品同步测试题

Unit 5 Natural Wonders in the World知识串讲

重点单词

重点短语

重点语法

直接引语和间接引语

一、概念

直接引用别人原话，叫直接引语。用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。间接引语常用宾语从句表达。直接引语前后要用引号，间接引语不用引号。

He said: "I have done the work." 他说："我已经做了这个工作。"(直接引语)

He said that he had done the work. 他说他已经做了这项工作。(间接引语)

二、直接引语间接引语的记忆口诀

人称变更怎么办? “一主①、二宾②、三不变”③若是自引自的话， 听者不变称不变。

注：

①“一主”指在直接引语中的第一人称变为间接引语时，要和主句中的主语在人称上保持一致。如：

He sad，“I am fat，”→He said that he was fat.

②“二宾”指直接引语中的第二人称变为间接引语时，要和主句中的间接宾语保持人称一致。如：

He said，“Are you going to school tomorrow?”→He asked me if I was going to school the next day.

③“三不变”指直接引语中的第三人称变为间接引语时，人称不变。如：

He said，“Is she a football palyer?”→He asked if she was a football player.

另外注意直接引语为复数，引述者主语为单数，间接引语主语相应变复数。如：

He said，“Are you interested in playing soccer?”→He asked me/us if Iwas/we were interested in playing soccer.

三、如果引语的主句所用动词为过去时，那么间接引语要做相应变化：时态，人称，时间地点及指示词

1 时态变化：

一般现在时——一般过去时

现在进行时——过去进行时

一般过去时——过去完成时

现在完成时——过去完成时

一般将来时——过去将来时

be going to——was/were going to/would

can--could

may--might

2 时间地点及指示词的变化：

here-there, tomorrow-the next day, the following day, this-that…

3 人称变化：根据句意改变人称。

4 直接宾语/间接宾语

主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语

直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象，间接宾语是及物动词的动作所涉及的人或事务，也可以说间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的，或者是为谁做的。所以间接宾语要用名词或者宾格代词来担当。

He gives me a book.（me间接宾语，a book直接宾语

直接宾语和间接宾语的位置调换时要加一个介词to或for：

主语＋及物动词＋直接宾语＋介词＋间接宾语

Give me a book. = Give the book to me.

Send him a letter. = Send a letter to him.

Show him the new dress. = Show the new dress to him.

.四、直接引语和间接引语的转换方法

1.间接引语语序改为陈述句语序

陈述句用 that 引导，口语中常省略 She said，例：

“I am going to the cinema. ”

→ She said (that) she was going to the cinema.

2. 一般疑问句

用if/whether连接，例：

“Have you ever travelled by plane?” she asked me.

→ She asked me if / whether I had travelled by plane.

3.反意疑问句

用if/whether连接，例：

He asked，“You are a doctor， aren’t you?”

→ He asked (me) if / whether I was a doctor.

4.特殊疑问句

由原疑问词连接(如疑问代词是主语，不要改变语序)，例：

He asked， “Who will come to help us?”

→ He asked who would come to help them.

She said， “Where have you been， Simon?”

→ She asked Simon where he had been.

5. 选择疑问句

由 whether…or 引导，例：

Eddie said， “Is this a TV set or a computer?”

→ Eddie asked (me) whether that was a TV set or a computer.

6. 祈使句

用“tell /ask /order someone (not) to do something” 结构，将动词原形变为动词不定式，例：

“Put up your hands，” said the teacher.

→ The teacher told them to put up their hands.

“Don’t play football on the street，” the policeman said.

→ The policeman ordered us not to play football on the street.