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北师大版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Lesson 1 How Closely Connected Are We?课前预习课件ppt
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这是一份北师大版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Lesson 1 How Closely Connected Are We?课前预习课件ppt，共35页。PPT课件主要包含了In 1967，invented，In 2003，confirmed，six，In 2011，Conclusion，定语从句，知识点2 ， 同位语从句等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1. Hw many f yu use scial media?2. Which scial media d yu have a persnal accunt?3. Hw many cntacts d yu have n scial media? Hw many peple d yu regularly cmmunicate with?
Have yu heard f the thery “Six Degrees Separatin”?(六度分离理论)?
Six degrees f separatin is a well-knwn idea that any tw peple n this planet can be cnnected via an average number f six steps. Having succeeded in the real wrld, the thery even directly r indirectly mtivated the inventin f nline scieties.
Here is a shrt vide abut it.
1.Read the article quickly and find ut the main idea.
This article intrduces what the thery f “Six Degrees Separatin” is and hw it develps.
2. Read the first tw paragraphs f the article n the thery “Six Degrees f Separatin”. What des it mean and wh invented this thery?
It states that any persn n Earth can be cnnected t any ther persn thrugh a chain f n mre than five ther peple. The thery was first intrduced by Hungarian authr Frigyes Karinthy, in the early 20th century.
Hw-He chse a randm sample f peple in the middle f America and asked them t _________________t a stranger in the state f Massachusetts.
Wh-______________
Findings/Results-It nly tk between ______________peple t get the parcels delivered.
send packages
five and seven
Examples t prve the thery
Line21: “small-wrld prblem”
Stanley Milgram
3.Read the rest f the article.
Hw-They _________ a game, the idea f which was t link any actr t Kevin Bacn thrugh _______________six links.
Wh-Tw cllege students in the United States
In the mid-1990s
Findings/Results-The game __________________ in universities acrss the United States.
was being played
Hw-Clumbia University tried t recreate Milgram’s experiment n the Internet. It invlved 24, 163 email chains with __________________ in 13 different cuntries.
Wh-Clumbia University
Findings/Results-It ____________ that the average number f links in the chain was ____.
18 target peple
Line 51: “ Clumbia Small-wrld Prject”
Hw Clsely Cnnected Are We
Text builder—Hw Clsely Cnnected Are We?
The thery “Six Degrees f Separatin” was first talked abut in the 1920s.
Peple are clsely cnnected.
A persn can be cnnected t anyne thrugh n mre than five ther peple accrding t the thery.
Talk abut hw the thery develped based n yur ntes.
Read the article again. Take turns t explain the “Six Degrees f Separatin” thery. Use the diagram t help yu.
“Six Degrees f Separatin”
What des it mean?
When did the term first appear?
What happened in the 1950s?
What did Stanley Milgram d?
Hw many peple did it take fr the parcel t reach the right persn in Milgram’s experiment?
Hw did it influence the entertainment industry?
What is the “Clumbia Small-wrld Prject”?
What was the result f the University f Milan’s research?
Decide whether the fllwing statements are true (T) r false (F).1. Kevin Bacn is a famus Hungarian actr and musician. ( )2. Stanley Milgram tried t prve the “Six Degrees f Separatin” mathematically. ( )3. Stanley Milgram fund a sample f peple wh he had knwn befre the experiment. ( )
4. The Oscar-winning TV series Babel is based n the cncept f “Six Degrees f Separatin”. ( )5. Almst all the characters in Lst had randmly met each ther r had met smene the ther characters knew befre the plane crash. ( )6. The “Clumbia Small-wrld Prject” invlved 24, 163 email chains with 18 target peple in 15 different cuntries. ( )
Why des the writer ask the questin “Hw might yu be cnnected t the driver f the bus yu regularly take r the persn wh delivers yur parcels?” in the last paragraph?A. T help readers recall the develpment f “Six Degrees f Separatin”.B. T make readers relate themselves t the thery f “Six Degrees f Separatin”.C. T persuade readers t agree with his / her pinins n “Six Degrees f Separatin”
1 Why did Milgram and Clumbia University bth label their experiments “Small wrld”?
Because they believed that any persn n Earth culd be cnnected t any ther persn thrugh a chain f n mre than five ther persn. In this sense the wrld is small.
2 Why d yu think peple study hw peple are cnnected?
Prbably peple want t study the structures f human sciety, the rules f human scial activities, and hw peple are cnnected with each ther.
Discuss and decide what experiment yu can carry ut t find ut hw many degrees f separatin there are between peple wh dn’t knw each ther. Cnsider:hw many peple will participate in the experiment?what will the participants d?hw will yu find ut the results f the experiment?
知识点1.(Para1)
Research shws the average persn nly has regular cmmunicatin with between seven and fifteen peple, and that mst f ur cmmunicatin is in fact with five t ten peple wh are clsest t us.
adj. 普通的，平常的；平均的
并列的宾语从句引导词that不省略
be clse t sb. 与某人亲近的
Hwever, perhaps we are clser t the rest f the wrld than we think. “Six Degrees f Separatin” refers t the thery that any persn n earth can be cnnected t any ther persn thrugh a chain f n mre than five ther peple.
refer t 指的是；提及；参考
be cnnected t/with 与……连接；与……有联系
a chain f 一连串，一系列
chain v. (用铁链）拴住，束缚
知识点3.(Para2)
The cncept was first talked abut as lng as in the 1920s. The Hungarian authr Frigyes Karinthy published a bk called Everything Is Different in 1929, in which he intrduced the idea f friendship netwrks
过去分词V-ed作后置定语
and his ideas influenced many f ur early impressins f scial netwrks.
make/leave a gd impressin n sb. 给某人留下好印象
知识点5. (Para3)
In the 1950s, an attempt was made by tw scientists t prve the thery mathematically；but after twenty years, they had still nt had any success.
make an attempt (t d) 尝试做某事
In 1967, an American scilgist called Stanley Milgram tried using a new methd t test the thery, which he called the “small-wrld prblem”.
try ding sth. 试着做某事try t d sth. 努力做某事
He chse a randm sample f peple in the middle f America and asked them t send packages t a stranger in the state f Massachusetts. The peple sending the packages nly knew the name, jb and general lcatin f the stranger.
现在分词V-ed作后置定语
at randm= randmly 随机地
Milgram tld them t send the package t a persn they knew persnally wh they thught might knw the target stranger.
Once the parcel had been received by this persn, he/she wuld send the parcel nt a cntact f theirs until the parcel culd be persnally delivered t the crrect persn.
deliver sth. t sb. 把……递送给某人= ~ sb. sth.
Amazingly, it nly tk between five and seven peple t get the parcels delivered, and nce released, the results were published in the bimnthly magazine Psychlgy Tday. It was this research that inspired the phrase “Six Degrees f Separatin”.
get sth. dne 使某物被……
过去分词作状语，表被动
强调句It is/was
知识点11.(Para4)
In the last few decades, the thery and the phrase have appeared again. Its name was used as the title f a play and then a film. Then, mre films and TV prgrames based n the cncept were made and bradcast.
be based n 基于……
Fr example, the Oscar-winning film Babel is based n the cncept f “Six Degrees f Separatin”. The lives f all the characters were clsely cnnected, althugh they did nt knw each ther and lived thusands f miles apart.
live apart 分开住
The televisin series Lst als explred the idea f “Six Degrees f Separatin”, as almst all the character had randmly met each ther, r had met smene the ther characters knew, befre they were all in the same plane crash.
过去完成时had dne标志
crash (v.) int sb./sth. 碰撞
In the mid-1990s, tw cllege students in the United States invented a game. The idea f the game was t link any actr t Kevin Bacn, a famus American actr and musician, thrugh n mre six links. Sn the game was being played in universities acrss the United States.
知识点15. (Para5)
In 2001, Clumbia University tried t recreate Milgram’s experiment n the Internet. This became knwn as the “Clumbia Small-wrld Prject”. The experiment invlved 24,163 email chains with 18 target peple in 13 different cuntries.
vt. 包含，涉及，使参与
The result cnfirmed that the average number f links in the chain was six.
证实 cmfirm that+ Cl.
知识点17.(Para6)
Mre recently, an experiment in 2011 at the University f Milan analysed the relatinship between 721 millin scial media users and fund that 92 percent were cnncected by nly fur stages, r five degrees f separatin.
analyse/~ze v. 分析analysis n. [pl.] analyses
an analysis f... 对……的分析
S, think abut it fr a minute: Hw might yu be cnnected t the driver f the bus yu regularly take r the persn wh delivers yur parcels?
1. Hw many f yu use scial media?2. Which scial media d yu have a persnal accunt?3. Hw many cntacts d yu have n scial media? Hw many peple d yu regularly cmmunicate with?
Have yu heard f the thery “Six Degrees Separatin”?(六度分离理论)?
Six degrees f separatin is a well-knwn idea that any tw peple n this planet can be cnnected via an average number f six steps. Having succeeded in the real wrld, the thery even directly r indirectly mtivated the inventin f nline scieties.
Here is a shrt vide abut it.
1.Read the article quickly and find ut the main idea.
This article intrduces what the thery f “Six Degrees Separatin” is and hw it develps.
2. Read the first tw paragraphs f the article n the thery “Six Degrees f Separatin”. What des it mean and wh invented this thery?
It states that any persn n Earth can be cnnected t any ther persn thrugh a chain f n mre than five ther peple. The thery was first intrduced by Hungarian authr Frigyes Karinthy, in the early 20th century.
Hw-He chse a randm sample f peple in the middle f America and asked them t _________________t a stranger in the state f Massachusetts.
Wh-______________
Findings/Results-It nly tk between ______________peple t get the parcels delivered.
send packages
five and seven
Examples t prve the thery
Line21: “small-wrld prblem”
Stanley Milgram
3.Read the rest f the article.
Hw-They _________ a game, the idea f which was t link any actr t Kevin Bacn thrugh _______________six links.
Wh-Tw cllege students in the United States
In the mid-1990s
Findings/Results-The game __________________ in universities acrss the United States.
was being played
Hw-Clumbia University tried t recreate Milgram’s experiment n the Internet. It invlved 24, 163 email chains with __________________ in 13 different cuntries.
Wh-Clumbia University
Findings/Results-It ____________ that the average number f links in the chain was ____.
18 target peple
Line 51: “ Clumbia Small-wrld Prject”
Hw Clsely Cnnected Are We
Text builder—Hw Clsely Cnnected Are We?
The thery “Six Degrees f Separatin” was first talked abut in the 1920s.
Peple are clsely cnnected.
A persn can be cnnected t anyne thrugh n mre than five ther peple accrding t the thery.
Talk abut hw the thery develped based n yur ntes.
Read the article again. Take turns t explain the “Six Degrees f Separatin” thery. Use the diagram t help yu.
“Six Degrees f Separatin”
What des it mean?
When did the term first appear?
What happened in the 1950s?
What did Stanley Milgram d?
Hw many peple did it take fr the parcel t reach the right persn in Milgram’s experiment?
Hw did it influence the entertainment industry?
What is the “Clumbia Small-wrld Prject”?
What was the result f the University f Milan’s research?
Decide whether the fllwing statements are true (T) r false (F).1. Kevin Bacn is a famus Hungarian actr and musician. ( )2. Stanley Milgram tried t prve the “Six Degrees f Separatin” mathematically. ( )3. Stanley Milgram fund a sample f peple wh he had knwn befre the experiment. ( )
4. The Oscar-winning TV series Babel is based n the cncept f “Six Degrees f Separatin”. ( )5. Almst all the characters in Lst had randmly met each ther r had met smene the ther characters knew befre the plane crash. ( )6. The “Clumbia Small-wrld Prject” invlved 24, 163 email chains with 18 target peple in 15 different cuntries. ( )
Why des the writer ask the questin “Hw might yu be cnnected t the driver f the bus yu regularly take r the persn wh delivers yur parcels?” in the last paragraph?A. T help readers recall the develpment f “Six Degrees f Separatin”.B. T make readers relate themselves t the thery f “Six Degrees f Separatin”.C. T persuade readers t agree with his / her pinins n “Six Degrees f Separatin”
1 Why did Milgram and Clumbia University bth label their experiments “Small wrld”?
Because they believed that any persn n Earth culd be cnnected t any ther persn thrugh a chain f n mre than five ther persn. In this sense the wrld is small.
2 Why d yu think peple study hw peple are cnnected?
Prbably peple want t study the structures f human sciety, the rules f human scial activities, and hw peple are cnnected with each ther.
Discuss and decide what experiment yu can carry ut t find ut hw many degrees f separatin there are between peple wh dn’t knw each ther. Cnsider:hw many peple will participate in the experiment?what will the participants d?hw will yu find ut the results f the experiment?
知识点1.(Para1)
Research shws the average persn nly has regular cmmunicatin with between seven and fifteen peple, and that mst f ur cmmunicatin is in fact with five t ten peple wh are clsest t us.
adj. 普通的，平常的；平均的
并列的宾语从句引导词that不省略
be clse t sb. 与某人亲近的
Hwever, perhaps we are clser t the rest f the wrld than we think. “Six Degrees f Separatin” refers t the thery that any persn n earth can be cnnected t any ther persn thrugh a chain f n mre than five ther peple.
refer t 指的是；提及；参考
be cnnected t/with 与……连接；与……有联系
a chain f 一连串，一系列
chain v. (用铁链）拴住，束缚
知识点3.(Para2)
The cncept was first talked abut as lng as in the 1920s. The Hungarian authr Frigyes Karinthy published a bk called Everything Is Different in 1929, in which he intrduced the idea f friendship netwrks
过去分词V-ed作后置定语
and his ideas influenced many f ur early impressins f scial netwrks.
make/leave a gd impressin n sb. 给某人留下好印象
知识点5. (Para3)
In the 1950s, an attempt was made by tw scientists t prve the thery mathematically；but after twenty years, they had still nt had any success.
make an attempt (t d) 尝试做某事
In 1967, an American scilgist called Stanley Milgram tried using a new methd t test the thery, which he called the “small-wrld prblem”.
try ding sth. 试着做某事try t d sth. 努力做某事
He chse a randm sample f peple in the middle f America and asked them t send packages t a stranger in the state f Massachusetts. The peple sending the packages nly knew the name, jb and general lcatin f the stranger.
现在分词V-ed作后置定语
at randm= randmly 随机地
Milgram tld them t send the package t a persn they knew persnally wh they thught might knw the target stranger.
Once the parcel had been received by this persn, he/she wuld send the parcel nt a cntact f theirs until the parcel culd be persnally delivered t the crrect persn.
deliver sth. t sb. 把……递送给某人= ~ sb. sth.
Amazingly, it nly tk between five and seven peple t get the parcels delivered, and nce released, the results were published in the bimnthly magazine Psychlgy Tday. It was this research that inspired the phrase “Six Degrees f Separatin”.
get sth. dne 使某物被……
过去分词作状语，表被动
强调句It is/was
知识点11.(Para4)
In the last few decades, the thery and the phrase have appeared again. Its name was used as the title f a play and then a film. Then, mre films and TV prgrames based n the cncept were made and bradcast.
be based n 基于……
Fr example, the Oscar-winning film Babel is based n the cncept f “Six Degrees f Separatin”. The lives f all the characters were clsely cnnected, althugh they did nt knw each ther and lived thusands f miles apart.
live apart 分开住
The televisin series Lst als explred the idea f “Six Degrees f Separatin”, as almst all the character had randmly met each ther, r had met smene the ther characters knew, befre they were all in the same plane crash.
过去完成时had dne标志
crash (v.) int sb./sth. 碰撞
In the mid-1990s, tw cllege students in the United States invented a game. The idea f the game was t link any actr t Kevin Bacn, a famus American actr and musician, thrugh n mre six links. Sn the game was being played in universities acrss the United States.
知识点15. (Para5)
In 2001, Clumbia University tried t recreate Milgram’s experiment n the Internet. This became knwn as the “Clumbia Small-wrld Prject”. The experiment invlved 24,163 email chains with 18 target peple in 13 different cuntries.
vt. 包含，涉及，使参与
The result cnfirmed that the average number f links in the chain was six.
证实 cmfirm that+ Cl.
知识点17.(Para6)
Mre recently, an experiment in 2011 at the University f Milan analysed the relatinship between 721 millin scial media users and fund that 92 percent were cnncected by nly fur stages, r five degrees f separatin.
analyse/~ze v. 分析analysis n. [pl.] analyses
an analysis f... 对……的分析
S, think abut it fr a minute: Hw might yu be cnnected t the driver f the bus yu regularly take r the persn wh delivers yur parcels?
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