人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 4 Body Language教案设计

Unit4  Body Language词汇讲解

1. vary vi(根据情况)变化；改变；（大小、形状等）相异，不同

联想拓展

含有vary 的其他常用搭配

vary in sth 在某方面不同

vary with. . . 随着…的变化而变化

vary from. . .to. . . 由…到 …不等

The students’ work varies considerably in quality.

学生作业的质量甚是参差不齐。

The menu varies with the season. 菜单随季节而变动。

The number of the added flights varies from year to year according to the demand shown by flight ticket booking systems. 根据机票预订系统显示的需求，新增航班的数量每年都在变化。

联想词①variety n. 变化；多样化；种类

a variety of/varieties of各种各样的

②various adj. 各种不同的；各种各样的

2. appropriate adj.合适的；恰当的

常见用法 be appropriate to/for适合…

It is appropriate (for sb) to do sth(对于某人来说）做某事合适

His formal style of speaking was appropriate to the occasion.

他郑重其事的讲话方式适合那个场合。

Her clothes are not appropriate for this formal party.

她的衣服不适合这个正式的聚会。

 It would not be appropriate for me to discuss that now.

现在我不宜讨论此事。

联想词

appropriately adv. 适当地

3. contrast

①n. 对比；对照

常用搭配 by/in contrast 相比之下

in contrast with/to 与…形成对比

The coastal areas have mild winters, but by contrast the central plains become extremely cold. 沿海地区冬天天气温和，但相比之下，中部平原却变得极其寒冷。

In contrast with/to your belief that we will fail, I am confident that we will succeed. 你认为我们会失败，与你的想法相反,我相信我们会成功。

② vt. 对比；对照 vi. 形成对照

常用搭配 contrast. . .with. . . 把. . 与…作对比

contrast sharply/strikingly with. . . 与…截然不同

In her speech she contrasted the team's optimistic promises with its dismal achievements. 她在讲话中把团队乐观的许诺与其糟糕的成绩作了对比。

4. approve vi赞成；同意 vt.批准；通过

常用搭配

approve of 赞成；同意

approve of sb/sb's doing sth 同意某人做某事

I approve of your trying to earn some money, but please don't ignore

your studies. 我赞成你去尝试着挣一些钱，但请不要荒废了你的

学业。

联想词①approving adj. 赞成的；赞许的

②approval n. 认可；赞成；同意

She desperately wanted to win her father's approval.

她急不可待地想赢得她父亲的赞同。

③disapprove v. 不赞成；不同意

④disapproval n. 不赞成；反对

5. employ vt.使用；应用；雇用

常用搭配

employ sb as. . . /to do. . . 雇某人当······/做···

be employed in (doing) sth/employ oneself in (doing) sth

花时间于（做）某事；忙于（做）某事

The manager employed the girl as his assistant.

经理雇用这个女孩当他的助理。

After graduation, Cathy was employed to take care of the old in the

nursing home. 毕业后，凯茜受雇在养老院照顾老人。

Employed in an important meeting, he has no time to go back home

由于忙于参加一个重要会议，他没时间回家。

反义词fire/dismiss vt. 解雇

联想词①employment n. 雇用；受雇

②employer n. 雇主

③employee n. 雇员

④unemployed adj. 失业的；没有工作的

⑤unemployment n. 失业

6. differ vi.相异；不同于

常用搭配

differ from. . . 与······不同

differ in. . . 在······方面不同

differ with sb (about/on/over sth)(在某事／某物上）与某人意见相左

The story he told the police differed from the one he told his mother.

他跟警察讲的事情和跟他妈妈讲的不一样。

特别注意

differ 为不及物动词，没有被动语态。

The two organizations have certain similarities but they differ in the way

they function. 这两个组织有一定的相似之处，但运作方式不同。

Tom differs with you on this point. 在这一点上汤姆与你意见不一致。

联想词 ①difference n. 差别；不同（之处）

make a/ some/no difference (to sb/sth) (对某人／某事物）有／有些／没

有影响

The difference in their ages seemed unimportant. 他们年龄上的差异似

乎并不重要。

It makes no difference to us whether he resigns or not. 他是否辞职对我

们没有影响。

②different adj. 不同的；相异的

be different from. . . 与…不同

7. comparison n.比较

常用搭配by comparison (with. . . )（与…) 相比较

make/draw a comparison 作比较

 in comparison with/to. . . 和 . . . 相比

By comparison with other European countries, car prices in the UK are

very high. 和其他欧洲国家相比，英国的汽车价格非常高。

I am more interested in teaching literacy and history in comparison to

maths and science.

相比数学和科学而言，我对教识字和历史更感兴趣。

联想词compare v. 比较；对比；把…比作

compared with/to. . . 和…相比

compare A with B把A和B作比较

compare A to B把A比作B

Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA,

compared with 189 for all of last year. 与去年全年的189例相比，今

年美国已经报告了115例麻疹病例。

Compare your homework with other students’, and you'll find the

mistakes you've made. 把你的作业和其他同学的比较一下，你就会

发现你犯的错误。

 Poets have compared death to sleep. 诗人把死亡比作睡眠。

8. favour vt. 较喜欢；选择；有利于n. [c]帮助；恩惠［U]赞同；偏爱

The current economy does not favour the development of small businesses. 当前的经济对小企业的发展不利。

I would never ask for any favours from her.

我再也不会请她帮任何忙了。

As a special favour, I'll let you stay up late tonight.

作为对你的特殊眷顾，我允许你今晚晚睡。

He did all he could to win her favour.

他尽最大努力去赢得她的好感。

常用搭配in favour of 支持，禁同

in one's favour 对某人有利

owe sb a favour 欠某人一个人情

return the favour 报答

ask sb a favour (=ask a favour of sb) 请某人帮忙

do sb a favour (=do a favour for sb) 帮某人一个忙

However,others are in favour of the inclusion because it is hard to say

whether it will threaten the Chinese language. 然而，其他人支持此次

收录，因为很难说它是否会对汉语造成成胁.

one of our core values is that we accept the outcome of a process which

has been agreed upon,whether or not the outcome is in our favour.

我们的核心价值观之一是，我们接受已商定的进程结果，无论结果是

否有利于我们。

Only one victor may be crowned. Good luck. And may the odds be ever

in your favour. 只能有一名胜利者，祝你们好运，愿好运永远券

顾你。

I'll ask Steve to take it. He owes me a favour. 我要让史蒂夫接受，他欠

我一个人情。

Many thanks! I'll return the favour sometime!

多谢！改天我会还你人情！

Can I ask a favour? 请帮个忙行吗？

Could you do me a favour and turn off that light?

你能帮我个忙把那盏灯关掉吗？

联想词①favourable adj.给人好印象的；赞同的；有利的

favourite adj. 最喜欢的n. 特别喜爱的人（或事物）
9.break down 消除；分解；打破；出故障；抛锚；失败；崩溃；垮掉

联想拓展break 的用法

①n. 破裂；间歇；休息；中断；暂停

take/have a break 休息一会儿

without a break 连续不断地

②v. (broke,broken)(使）破，裂，碎；损坏；中断

break a record 打破纪录

break one's promise 食言

break away from 逃脱；挣脱

break in 强行进入；打断谈话

break into 强行闯人；突然开始（笑、唱等）

break off 折断；停顿；中断

break out 爆发；突然发生

break through 突破；冲破；克服

break up 解散； (学校）放假；结束；粉碎

联想词 broken adj. 破碎的；破损的；不连续的

10. anger n. [U]愤怒；怒气；怒火

常用搭配

anger at sb/sth 因某人／某事物生气

in anger 愤怒地（作状语）

The most awkward e-mail mistake is usually committed in anger.

最尴尬的电子邮件失误通常是在愤怒中造成的。

② vt. 使生气；激怒

常用搭配 anger sb 激怒某人

be angered at/by sth 对某事感到生气

Environmental groups were disappointed and angered at the president's

decision. 环保组织对总统的决定感到失望和愤怒。

联想词①angry adj. 生气的；愤怒的

be angry at/with sb (about/for sth)(因某事）对某人生气

be angry at/about/over sth 对某事生气

②angrily adv. 生气地；愤怒地

11. reliable adj. 可靠的；可信赖的

联想词①rely v. 依赖；依靠

rely on/upon= depend on/upon=count on/upon 依靠；依赖

rely on/upon sb to do sth 指望某人做某事

rely on/upon it+that从句 指望／相信。。 . . . .

Learn to rely on yourself first, then others. 先学会依靠自己，然后再依

靠其他人。

We have to rely on him to make the design. 我们不得不仰仗着他来进

行这项设计。

You can rely on it that he will help you. 你可以相信他会帮你。

②reliability n. 可靠（性）； 可信（性）

③reliably adv. 可靠地；可信地

12. slight adj. 略微的；轻微的；细小的；纤细的；瘦小的

I woke up with a slight headache. 我醒来时有点头痛。

He's too slight to play football. 他太瘦小，不能踢足球。

常用搭配

not in the slightest= not at all 毫不；一点也不

－Did he mind lending you the car? 他介意把汽车借给你吗？

－Not in the slightest. 一点都不。

联想词

slightly adv. 略微；稍微

Each person learns in a slightly different way.

每个人的学习方法都稍有不同。

特别注意

slightly 可用于修饰比较级。

It was slightly softer on the outside and had a lot of juice inside.

它外面稍软，里面多汁。

13. assessment n. 评价；评定；看法

常用搭配assessment of. . . 对…的看法／评估

There is little assessment of the damage to the natural environment.

很少有对自然环境的破坏程度作出的评估。

联想词

assess vt. 评估；评价；评定；估算

assess. . .at. . . 估定…的价值为…

assess. . .as. . .评定…为…

assess how/whether. . . 评定如何／是否 . . .

They assessed the value of the house at$600, 000.

他们对这所房子的估价为60万美元。

Five experts assess how serious the situation is.

五位专家评估了情况的严重程度。

14.bend

vt.＆vi. (bent,bent)(使）弯曲；（使）倾斜，偏向

He bent forward to listen to that child. 他弯下身来听那孩子说话.

The branches of the apple trees are bending under the weight of the

fruit. 苹果树的树枝都被果实的重量压弯了。

You have to bend your knees to sit down. 你得屈膝才能坐下.

常用搭配 bend down/over弯腰

bend one's mind/efforts to sth 专心致志于某事

He bent down and picked up a book from the floor. 他俯身从地上捡起

一本书。

She bent her mind to the job. 她专心致志于这项工作。

②n. (尤指道路或河流的）弯道，拐弯

We watched as his boat disappeared behind a bend in the river.

我们看着他的船消失在河流的转弯处。

联想bent adj. 弯曲的；贪赃枉法的

They've become increasingly politically bent over the years.

这些年来，在政治上他们越来越贪赃枉法。

15. in other words 换句话说；也就是说

New research has found that animals have memories, too. In other words, they might be much cleverer than we thought.

新的研究发现，动物也有记忆。换句话说，它们可能要比我们想的聪明得多。

联想拓展 含有word 的其他常见用法

in a word 简言之；总之

keep/break one's word 遵守／违背某人的诺言

have a word with sb 与某人交谈

word for word 逐字逐句

word came that. . . 消息传来. . .  (word 意为“消息”时，为不可数名词）

In a word, I love my school. I find my school life more and more meaningful and colourful. 总之，我爱我的学校，我发现我的学校生活越来越有意义，越来越多姿多彩。

He had again failed to keep his word. 他又食言了。

He failed to hold back his tears when word came that his father passed away.

听到父亲去世的消息，他忍不住流下了眼泪。

People have a tendency to lean towards whatever they are interested in.

人们往往会向他们感兴趣的东西倾斜身体。

16. tendency n. 趋势；倾向；趋向；偏好

联想词tend v. 往往会；趋向；倾向；照料；照管；护理

tend to do sth 往往会发生某事；易于做某事

tend to/towards. . . 有…的趋势；趋于 . . . .

tend (to) sb/sth 照料／照管某人／某事

People tend to get together with their families in the week-long holiday.

人们往往会在这一周的假期里和家人聚在一起。

17. occupy vt. 占据（空间）； 占用（时间）； 居住；占领

She occupied a big house. 她住在一座大房子里。

Reading occupies most of my free time. 阅读占去了我大部分的空闲时间。

The enemy soon occupied the town. 敌人很快占领了这个城镇。

常用搭配

occupy sb with (doing) sth/in doing sth 使某人忙于（做）某事

She occupied herself with routine office tasks. 她忙于办公室的日常工作。

联想词①occupation n. [C]职业［U]占用

②occupied adj. 忙于······的；被占领的

be occupied with (=be busy with) 忙于···

be occupied (in) doing sth (=be busy in doing sth) 忙于做某事

He's fully occupied looking after three small children. 照顾三个小孩把他忙得不可开交。

18. stare

①vi. 盯着看；凝视

常用搭配

stare at. . . 盯着…看

Generally, it's considered rude to stare at people. 通常，盯着别人看被认为是很无礼的。

Why are you staring at me? 你为什么盯着我看？

②n.凝视

She gave him a blank stare.她面无表情地凝视着他。

19. perceive vt. 察觉；看待；理解；认为

常用搭配perceive sb/sth to be. . . 认为某人／某物是···.

perceive sb/sth to do sth 察觉到某人／某物做某事

perceive sb/sth as. . . 将某人／某物视为······

The patient was perceived to have difficulty in breathing.

发现病人呼吸困难。

This discovery was perceived as a major breakthrough.

这一发现被视为一项重大突破。

联想词

perception n. 知觉；感知；洞察力；看法；见解

He is interested in how our perceptions of death affect the way we live.

他感兴趣的是我们对死亡的看法如何影响我们的生活。

20. distinguish v.

①区分；辨别；分清

Sometimes reality and fantasy are hard to distinguish.

有时候现实和幻想很难区分。

常用搭配

distinguish (between)A and B/distinguish A from B

区分／辨别／分清A和B

②看清；听出；认出（不用于进行时）

There were cries,calls. He could distinguish voices.

有哭声、喊声一他能听出不同的声音。

③ 使有特色；使有别于

There is something about music that distinguishes it from all other art forms. 音乐的某种特质使其有别于所有其他艺术形式。

④使出众；使受人青睐

常用搭配

distinguish oneself (as sth) 使（作为······) 出众／著名／受人青睐

Over the next few years he distinguished himself as a leading constitutional scholar.

在接下来的几年里，他作为一名宪法（研究领域）的杰出学者而声名扬。

联想词 distinguished adj. 卓越的；杰出的；显得重要的；高贵的

21. anxiety n. 焦虑；担心；害怕；不安；渴望

常用搭配

anxiety over/about 担心 . . . .

deep/great anxiety 严重的焦虑；深深的忧虑

There is growing public anxiety over levels of air pollution in our cities.

公众越来越担心城市中的空气污染程度。

联想词①anxious adj. 焦虑的；担心的；不安的；渴望的；急切的

be anxious about sth/for sb 为某事／某人担心

be anxious to do sth 渴望做某事

be anxious for sth 想要得到某物

be anxious for sb to do sth 渴望某人做某事

be anxious that. . . 希望······

Jack still can't help being anxious about his job interview.

杰克仍忍不住对他的工作面试感到担心。

The farmers are more anxious for rain than the people in the city because it is more important to them.

农民比都市人更盼望（下）雨，因为这对他们更为重要。

② anxiously adv. 焦急地；不安地

22. embarrassed adj. 难堪的；尴尬的；窘迫的；害羞的

be/feel embarrassed about/at. . . 因······而窘追／燃协

he embarrassed to do sth 不好意思做某事

She is embarrassed about her height. 她因自己的身高而困窘。

He felt embarrassed at being the centre of attention.

他因自己成为众人注目的中心而感到尴尬。

Some women are too embarrassed to consult their doctor about the problem. 有些妇女太害羞，不愿就这个问题向医生咨询。

联想词①embarrass vt. 使尴尬；使窘迫

It embarrasses/embarrassed sb to do sth 做某事使某人尴尬

I didn't want to embarrass her in front of her friends.

我并不想在她朋友面前让她感到难堪。

It embarrassed me to have to give my opinion in public.

不得不当众表达我的观点让我很尴尬。

②embarrassing adj. 使人难堪的；令人尴尬的；令人害羞的

That was an embarrassing situation for me. 那种情形让我难堪。

③embarrassment n. 尴尬：难堪：困境：今人为难的事；让人尴尬的人

to one's embarrassment 让某人尴尬的是

We apologise for any embarrassment this may have caused.

我们为内地可能带来的尴尬表示歉意。

23. ashamed adj. 羞愧；惭愧；尴尬；难为情的

常用搭配 be/feel ashamed of (doing)sth 因（做）某事而感到羞愧

be/feel ashamed of yourself 为自己感到惭愧

be/feel ashamed to do sth 不好意思做某事；因做某事而感到难为情

Ashamed of his ugly form,the beast hid himself inside his castle with a magic mirror as his only window to the outside world.

由于外貌丑陋而自惭形秽，野兽躲在他的城堡里，只用一面魔镜作为了解外界的唯一窗口。

You should be ashamed of yourself for telling such lies.

你扯这种谎应该为自己感到羞耻。

I was too ashamed to tell her that I had failed. 我不好意思告诉她我不及格。

联想词①shame n. 羞愧；羞耻vt. 使惭愧；使羞愧

It is a shame that. . . /What a shame. . . 真遗憾／多可惜…

I will return,find you,love you,marry you and live without shame.

我会回去，找到你，爱你，娶你，光明正大地活着。

You have shamed your family. 你使你的家庭蒙受了耻辱。

②shameful adj. 可耻的（可作表语、定语）

③shameless adj. 无耻的

24.  bother

①vi. &vt. 费心；麻烦；因 . . . 操心； (使）烦恼； (使）担心

常见用法（not) bother with/about. . . (不）为······而费心

（not) bother doing/to do sth (不）费心做某事

bother sb with/about sth 让某人为某事烦恼

it bothers sb that. . . ··使某人烦恼

it bothers sb to do sth 做某事使某人烦恼

I'm not going to bother about what other people think.

我不打算去管别人怎么想。

It bothers me that he seems to take no interest in his work.

使我烦恼的是他似乎对自己的工作毫无兴趣。

②n. [U]麻烦；不便［C]令人烦恼的人或事

I'm sorry to have put you to all this bother. 真抱歉给你添了这么多麻烦。

25. adjust

①vt. 调整；调节

Watch out for sharp bends and adjust your speed accordingly.

当心急转弯并相应调整车速。

Adjust your language to the age of your audience.

要根据听众的年龄使用相应的语言。

② vi. &vt. 适应； (使）习惯

常用搭配

adjust to (doing) sth 适应（做）某事

adjust oneself to (doing) sth 使自己适应（做）某事

He adjusted quickly to the heat of India. 他很快就适应了印度的高温。

You'll quickly adjust yourself to student life.

你将很快适应学生生活。

联想词①adjustable adj. 可调整的；可调节的

②adjustment n. 调整；调节；适应

make an adjustment 作出调整

26. react vi.

①(对······) 起反应；回应；对（食物等）有不良反应，过敏

常用搭配

react to sb/sth 对某人／某事物作出反应

react against 反抗；反对

People can react badly to certain food additives.

人们对某些食品添加剂会严重过敏。

She reacted against the mindlessness and luxury of their lives.

她反抗他们生活当中的精神缺失和物质奢侈。

② (物质）起化学反应

常用搭配react with. . . 与······起化学反应

It shows us how iron reacts with air and water.

它向我们展示了铁是如何与空气和水发生反应的。

联想词

reaction n. 反应；回应；反应能力