2023年仁爱版英语八年级上册Unit 1 Topic 1 单元小结 试卷

这是一份2023年仁爱版英语八年级上册Unit 1 Topic 1 单元小结，共8页。
Unit 1 Topic 1  小结一．重点单词。prefer v.更喜欢，宁愿(选择) (1) prefer(过去式\过去分词需双写 preferred) 后可直接接动词ing形式或动词不定式, 表更喜欢…,  用法同like/ love:(2) prefer sth  更喜欢某物e.g. I prefer bananas. 我更喜欢香蕉。(3) prefer doing sth/to do sth 更喜欢做某事  e.g. I prefer swimming / to swim. 我更喜欢游泳(4) prefer A to B , 相比较B, 更喜欢Ae.g. I prefer bananas to apples. 相比较苹果， 我更喜欢香蕉。(5) prefer (doing) A to (doing) B= like A better than B 相比较后者，更喜欢前者  e.g. I prefer swimming to skating. =I like swimming better than skating相比较滑冰，我更喜欢游泳。【技巧总结】后加动词-ing的动词有：practice doing sth 练习做某事，feel like doing sth 想要做某事                      risk doing sth  冒险做某事    finish doing sth 完成某事                      mind doing sth 介意做某事    suggest doing sth 建议做某事 后加动词不定式的动词有：refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事  need to do sth 需要做某事                        want//would like to do sth    想要做某事                        hope/wish to do sth 希望做某事  agree to do sth 同意做某事                        decide to do sth 决定做某事    choose to do sth 选择做某事                     forget to do sth 忘记去做某事  remember to do sth 记得去做某事 既可加动词ing也可加动词不定式的动词有：like doing sth平常喜欢做某事         like to do sth喜欢做某事    hate to do 不喜欢做某事             hate doing sth平常不喜欢做某事      try to do sth尽力去做某事            try doing sth试着去做某事          remember to do sth记得去做某事     remember doing sth记得做过某事       forget to do sth忘记去做某事         forget doing sth忘记做过某事       stop to do sth停下来去做某事        stop doing sth停下正做的事   excited /ɪk'saɪtɪd/ adj.激动的，兴奋的          (1) excited意为“感到激动的、兴奋的”，常只作表语，主语常为人。e.g. We were very excited last night.   昨晚我们特别兴奋。 类似的有：interested有趣的； tired感到疲劳的； bored感到厌烦的；(2) exciting意为“令人激动兴奋的”，既可作定语，也可作表语；作表语时，主语常为物。e.g. The movie is very exciting.  这部电影很令人兴奋。【技巧总结】-ed形容词只修饰人：interested有趣的； tired感到疲劳的； bored感到厌烦的；relaxed 感到放松的； -ing形容词只修饰人: interesting令人有趣的；tiring令人感到疲劳的； boring令人感到厌烦的；relaxing 令人放松的；
二．重点短语。打算、将要做某事              be going to+动原       看见某人做了、常做某事.       see sb. do sth.                    看见某人正在做某事           see sb. doing sth.             和……打比赛.                 play against               更喜欢某事或做某事.           prefer sth./doing sth. 和……相比更喜欢              prefer…to …             常常，很多.                   quite a lot/a bit.         参加……组织.                 join +组织                   加入……（人群）              join sb.                         参加…...活动                 join in + 活动 /take part in +活动为……效力                   play for和......打比赛                  play against  和......玩                      play with长大成人                     grow up                      喜欢某物                     like sth更喜欢某物                   like sth better最喜欢某物                   like sth best在将来                       in the future去骑车                       go cycling一周两次                     twice a week去爬山                       go mountain climbing花时间或金钱做某事           spend …(in) doing sth.      花时间或金钱在某物或某事上    spend …on sth.擅长                          be good at sth/doing sth  学校运动会                    a school sports meet           将有……                      there is / are going to be …there will be … 参加，参与                    take part in =join in =be in跳高                          the high jump跳远                          the long jump为某人加油                    cheer sb on 确信，肯定                    be sure that遍及全世界                    all over the world   对...有好处                      be good for    对....有害                     be bad for    后天                          the day after tomorrow 做某事的好方式                a good way to do sth晚饭后                        after supper    使或保持某人某物…...           make/keep sb./sth.+adj    使某人某物做某事               make sb./sth.+do sth.       保持健康                      keep fit/healthy 帮助某人做某事                help sb (to) do sth 到达……                      arrive in/at =get to =reach和......打比赛                   play against                       太可惜，太遗憾……            It’s too bad that …            动身去某处                    leave for sp.                        离开某处                      leave sp.                              离开某处去某处                leave sp. for sp.         后天                          the day after tomorrow 看比赛                        watch the gameplay for a team 为某球队效力；e.g. He is going to play for the team this year.【技巧总结】play against  与某个队比赛play with    玩某物/与某人玩play for     为.....效力be good for意为“对……有益/好处”，be bad for 意为“对……有害/不好”，e.g. It's good for your health. 这对你的健康有好处。   Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. 在太阳底下看书对你的眼睛不好。【技巧总结】be good for意为“对……有益/好处”，be bad for 意为“对……有害/不好”，be good to sb 对某人好；          be bad to sb 对某人不好，be good at sth/doing  =do well in sth/doing  擅长做某事e.g. I am good at English.  He does well in playing basketball.be bad at sth/doing = do badly in sth/doing 不擅长做某事keep healthy = keep fit 保持健康（healthy=fit都是形容词，health 是名词）；    keep sth. /sb. + adj.保持某物(某人)在某种状态；e.g. You should keep your heart healthy. 你必须保持你心脏健康。【技巧总结】make sb/sth +adj  使某人某物怎么样e.g. We should make our classroom clean. 我们应该使教室整洁。三．重难点详解。1. I often saw you play basketball every day during the Summer holidays.(1) see sb. do sth. 意为“看见某人做了某事”。 强调动作的全过程或经常反复发生，现在动作已完成；经常与often，always,usually, almost连用.e.g. He saw her cross the road. 他看见她穿过了马路。(2)  see sb. doing sth. 意为“看见某人正在做某事”。 强调动作正在进行。 e.g. I saw her running at this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候我看见她正在跑步。(3) during the summer holidays  在暑假期间。此处during表示“在……期间”【技巧总结】 (1) 常见的感官动词有：hear, see, watch, feel,notice, smell等。后可接 ① 动词ing形式，表此动作正在发生。       ② 动词原形，不表此动作正在发生, 表此动作已结束或存在的事实。2. --- I hope our team will win.        --- Me , too.  (1) hope to do sth. 希望做某事； hope + that从句， 希望.....  (2) win 赢得，胜利。可作及物动词或不及物动词。过去式为won, winner胜利者.3.You know, we are going to have a basketball game against Class Three on Sunday.你知道，我们这周日和三班将有一场篮球赛。   against 意为“对着；反对；逆着;靠着”。反义词是for。【技巧总结】(1)表示“反对”之意 ① Are you for or against my plan? 对于我的计划你是赞成还是反对? ②They are strongly against the idea. 他们强烈反对这个意见(2)表示“倚在”、“紧靠”之意。如:①On the moring of the new year, the girl was lying against the wall, dead!新年的早上，这位小女孩靠在墙角下，死去了！(3)表示“逆着”的意思。如:①We are sailing against the wind.(with the wind表示“顺风”)我们的船正在逆风行驶4. --- Would you like to come and cheer us on?       --- Sure, I'd love to.(1) Would you like + to do? 表建议或邀请。常用I'd love to 或I'd be glad to来回答，不同意也常  用 “I'd love to, but… ” 来拒绝别人。如：  --- Would you like to run with me ?   --- I'd love to, but I look after my little sister.(2) cheer sb on (以欢呼)激励某人，为某人加油，向某人欢呼   后接名词，放在cheer on的中间和后面都可以；    人称代词，则必须放在中间。如：Our classmates will cheer us on.5.Both Michael and Kangkang hope their team will win.  =Not only Michael but also Kangkang hopes their team will win.both ... and ...  两者都=not only...but also... 不仅....而且1)both ... and ... 表示“两者都……”，做主语谓语动词要用复数形式。2)not only...but also...连接的两个并列的成分作主语时，主谓一致要遵循就近一致原则【技巧总结】连接的两个并列的成分作主语时，主谓一致要遵循就近一致原则还有：neither...nor既不.....也不;  either....or  或者..... 或者; there be 句型6.--- Do you row much? 你经常划船吗？  --- Yes, quite a lot. / No, seldom. 是的，经常。/ 不，很少。  quite a lot= quite a bit 经常/许多，大量 7. Are you going to join the school rowing club？你要加入学校划船俱乐部吗？join sb.表示“加入某人的行列，和某人在一起”。e.g. Will you join us?你愿意加入我们吗？join+组织，表示“加入某个组织”。e.g. Will you join the school music club?你愿意加入学校俱乐部吗？ join in+活动，表示“参加某项活动”。e.g. Jane is going to join in the football match next week.简打算下周参加足球赛。8. She goes cycling twice a week and often goes mountain climbing on Sundays.  once a week, 一周一次twice a week;一周两次, 三次或三次以上用“数字+times” 如：three times  扩展：对once a week等频率提问，要用how often9.. She spends half an hour exercising in the gym every day.（1）spend …doing sth. 花费时间金钱做某事e.g: He spends half an hour playing computer games every day. 他每天花半小时玩电脑游戏。 （2）spend … on sth. 在某事上花费时间或金钱 e.g: My father spent fifty yuan on this book.  这本书花了我爸爸50元。【技巧总结】take, cost和pay也可指花费，但用法不同。①  take的主语一般是一件事，只用于固定句型It takes sb. some time to do sth. 表示“做某事花费某人多少时间”。如：It takes me an hour to do my homework every day.②  cost的主语必须是“物”或“事”。用于sth. cost(s) sb. some money 结构中。如：The book cost me 30 yuan last week.③ pay的主语是人，pay... for。如; He paid 5 yuan for this pen.(3) exercise   “体操、早操，眼保健操，练习”，可数名词。    如：do morning exercises; do English exercises               “锻炼，运动”，不可数名词。 如：do exercise                “锻炼，运动”，动词。       如：She exercises every morning.He arrived in Beijing with his team yesterday.①  arrive at + (小地名village 小村庄…)；arrive in +（大地名北京，上海，厦门，美国……）② get to + 宾语 地点 到达某地③ reach + 宾语。如：reach+地点 到达某地 ◆上述词后跟 home, here, there, back 时，都不用介词。后面无地点时用 arrive。 e.g.The plane is going to arrive at the airport soon. They arrived in London last week. How can I get there? I get to the station at 12:00. When did you reach Beijing?11. But it's too bad that the team isn't going to stay for long.(1) 主语是that从句部分，前用it 来代替它。因此这是一个含主语从句的复合句，其中that the team isn't going   to stay for long 是主语从句。 It's too bad that…= It's a pity that…= It's a shame that..很遗憾…..It’s adj for sb. to do sth.   对某人来说做某事是…… (2) for 与表示“一段时间”的词或短语连用。e.g. stay for two weeks 逗留两周12.They are leaving for Japan the day after tomorrow.(1)      leave + 地点             “离开某地” (2)      leave for + 地点          “动身前往某地”(3)      leave + 地点 + for +地点  “离开某地去某地”四．重点语法.一般将来时be going to  (1) 定义     一般将来时表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作和状态。常用的时间状语有：tomorrow, next week/month/year, soon, in a week等。  (2) 构成     ① 肯定句：主语+be(am, is, are)+going to +V(原形)+其它                 We are going to visit the zoo next Sunday.     ② 否定句：主语+be + not + going to +V(原形)+其它                 They aren't going to play football tomorrow.     ③ 一般疑问句：Be+主语+going to +V(原形)+其它？                    Are we going to meet outside the school gate?  (3) 现在进行时表将来 表示位置移动的动词go, come, start, leave, begin, return, stop，move, travel等，可以用现在进行时表示将要发生的事。如：Are you leaving tomorrow? 你明天动身吗？She is coming to see you this afternoon. 她今天下午来看你。  (4) there be句型的一般将来时① 肯定句    There is going to be ...如：There is going to be a stamp collection this evening.下周将举行一次集邮展。② 否定句There isn't going to be...? 如：There isn't going to be a concert this evening. 今晚没有演唱会。③ 一般疑问句Is there going to be... ? 如：Is there going to be a football match next month? 下个月有一场足球赛吗？