2023年仁爱版英语八年级上册Unit 2 Topic 2 单元小结 试卷

这是一份2023年仁爱版英语八年级上册Unit 2 Topic 2 单元小结，共12页。
Unit 2 Topic 2小结 一．重点单词
  tired /'taɪəd/ adj.疲倦的   look tired 看上去很累； feel tired 感觉很疲劳。 cause v. 使发生，引起，导致 1)         接名词：cause an accident/trouble/death/a fire/a serious illness/damage       引起事故/惹麻烦/导致死亡/引起大火/导致重病/造成损害2)         接双宾语：cause sb.pain/trouble/damage给某人带来痛苦/麻烦/损害3)         接复合宾语：cause sb. to do sth使某人做某事e.g. The sound caused me to jump back.  那声音吓得我向后退。 litter/'lɪtə/n.废弃物，垃圾v. 乱丢  throw litter around 乱扔垃圾； put litter into the dustbin 把垃圾丢进垃圾箱。 fingernail /ˈfɪŋɡəneɪl/ n.指甲   keep fingernails long 留长指甲 meal /miːl/ n.一餐(饭)   wash hands before meals 饭前洗手 without /wɪ'ðaʊt/ prep.没有 without “没有/缺乏 ” 反义词是with 后面跟名词、代词、动名词，一起构成介词短语，常用语句末作状语。e.g. I went shopping without taking my son. 我去购物没带我女儿。I like coffee without coffee.我喜欢不加糖(sugar)的咖啡。China is a country with a long history. 中国是个有悠久历史的国家。【技巧总结】 without 反义词为with , 意为“有”。e.g. The girl with long hair is my sister. 留长发的那个女孩是我的姐姐。 cancer /'kænsə/ n.癌   cause cancer 引起癌症 necessary  /'nesəˌsəri/ adj.必需的，必要的  It’s necessary for sb to do sth 对某人来说，做某事是必要的.e.g. It’s necessary for us to study English well. 对我们来说，学好英语是必要的。 active /'æktɪv/ adj.积极的，活跃的   keep us active during the day 使我们白天保持活力。 salt /sɔːlt/ n盐; sugar /'ʃʊgə/ n.食糖 e.g. Don’t eat too much sugar or salt. 不要吃太多糖和盐。 illness 名词，意为“疾病”。ill+ness组成illness. 例如：kindness, happiness.【技巧总结】1)         disease 名词，意为“病，疾病”。常指比较严重，通常持续时间久的疾病，常影响特定的身体部位。2)         illness 常指身体或精神上得疾病。e.g. He missed a lot of lessons because of his illness. 他因生病耽误了很多的功课。 Headache is not a disease itself, but it may show that something is wrong with your health. 头痛本身不是病，但它可能会显示出你的健康有问题了。 weak /wiːk/ adj.虚弱的    be weak in sth 在某方面不好e.g. She is weak in English. 她英语方面不好。 force /fɔːs/  v. 强迫，迫使   force sb. to do sth.   强迫某人做某事e.g. This boss often forces the workers to work for 12 hours. 这老板常常强迫工人工作12小时。 mad /mæd/ adj.疯的    get mad 很生气 surprised /sə'praɪz/  adj. 感到惊讶的，出人意料的   be surprised to do sth. 对做某事很惊讶e.g. She was surprised to find that her new bike was lost. 她很惊讶地发现她的新自行车不见了。【技巧总结】1)         surprise 动词，意为“使惊讶，使诧异”。e.g. The news surprised me. 这个消息使我感到惊讶。2)         surprise 名词，意为“惊奇”“惊讶”. to one’s surprise  “使某人惊讶的是...”e.g. To my surprise, he is still alive. 使我惊讶的是，他还活着。What a nice surprise! 真是让人惊喜！ potato  /pə'teɪtəʊ/ n.土豆，马铃薯; 复数 potatoes sandwich /'sændwɪtʃ/ n.三明治(夹心面包片);  复数 sandwiches fact /fækt/ 事实，真相    in fact 事实上，实际上 unhealthy /ʌnˈhelθi/ adj. 不健康的 e.g. Smoking is unhealthy. 吸烟是不健康的。【技巧总结】1)         healthy adj. 健康的e.g. Doing exercise is healthy. 做锻炼是健康的。2)         health n. 健康e.g. Doing exercise is good for health. 做锻炼是健康的。 risk /rɪsk/n.冒险，风险 v.使冒…的风险risk doing sth 冒险做某事e.g. They may even risk losing homes. 他们可能面临冒着失去家园的风险。 as /æz/...as possible 尽量…地   as soon as possible 尽可能地快 shower n&v.  淋浴    take a shower 淋浴二．重点短语。1.stay up late熬夜 2.get up起床  3.in the sun在阳光下 4.put...into...把…放入5.do morning exercises做早操  6.keep fingers long留长指甲 7.be bad for 对…有害   8.go to bed early早睡觉9.brush teeth twice a day一天刷两次牙 10.show sth to sb把……展示给某人看  11. be careful (not) to do sth小心（不）做某事12.force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人干„13.feel better 感觉好些了14.be surprised to do sth. 惊奇于做.  15. for example例如16.take care of 照顾17.a glass of milk一杯牛奶18.keep healthy保持健康19.as soon as一…就20.make sb. do sth. 使某人干某事  21.take showers洗澡22.wash the hands洗手23.keep the air fresh保持空气清新24.drink sour milk喝变质牛奶25.tidy our rooms整理房间26.sweep the floor扫地27.spit in public在公共场合吐痰28.help them relax帮助他们放松29.in fact事实上30.not only…but also…不仅…而且…31.have higher risks有更高的风险32.as soon as possible尽可能快地33.give up sth/ doing sth放弃做某事34. ask sb. (not) to do sth. 叫某人(不要)做某事35. enough water 足够的水36. tell sb to do sth 告诉某人去做某事 37. tell sb sth 告诉某人某事38.such as 例如  1.stay up = sit up熬夜 e.g. we stayed up until midnight to see the New Year coming.   我们熬到深夜直到半夜，迎接新年的到来。 2. be good /bad for 对……有益/害。e.g. Walking is good for our health.散步对我们的健康有益。 3. put into 把...放入...e.g. Put litter into the dustbin. 把垃圾放入垃圾箱。【技巧总结】 put into 把……丢进……put away 收拾put up 粘贴，悬挂；举起put on 穿上，上映put off 推迟 keep fingers long留长指甲 keep sth/sb .+adj.保持某物/某人在某种状态。e.g. keep your fingernails clean.保持你的指甲干净。keep our streets clean.让街道保持干净。 ask sb. (not) to do sth. 叫某人(不要)做某事e.g. The teacher often asks us to listen carefully in class. 老师常常告诉我们课堂上要认真听。 give up sth./doing sth. 放弃某事/做某事e.g. You must give up smoking. 你必须放弃抽烟。  give up 接人称代词时放在两词中间e.g. I don’t like history, so I want to give it up. enough water 足够的水【技巧总结】 1）enough用作形容词，通常修饰复数名词或不可数名词，可放在被修饰名词之前或之后(但以前置为多见)。e.g. He has enough money to buy a car.  他有足够的钱买辆汽车。e.g. We have time enough to get to the airport.  我们来得及赶到机场。2）enough用作副词，可用来修饰形容词、副词、动词等，此时总是放在被修饰语之后。e.g. He didn’t practise enough.    他练习得不够。3) enough to do sth 意为“足够....可以做某事”e.g. The light is not good enough to take photos. 光线不够好不能照相。  tell sb to do sth 告诉某人去做某事 tell sb not to do sth 告诉某人不要去做某事tell sb sth 告诉某人某事 make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事e.g. My mother always makes me study English. 妈妈总是让我学习英语。【技巧总结】 make sb./sth. + adj    使某人/某物怎么样 e.g. We must make our classroom clean.  我们必须使我们的教室保持干净。   be surprised to do sth. 对做某事很惊讶e.g. She was surprised to find that her new bike was lost.  她很惊讶地发现她的新自行车不见了。 11. as soon as 意为“一……就”e.g. We will go back to school as soon as the summer holiday is over. 暑假一结束，我们就返回学校。 12. in fact 事实上，实际上e.g. In fact, eating too much candy is bad for teeth. 事实上，吃太多的糖对牙齿有害。 second-hand smoke 二手烟second-hand car  二手车second-hand toy   二手玩具second-hand house 二手房 as soon as possible. 尽可能地快as...as possible   意为“尽可能……”,两个as之间需用形容词或者副词的原级 【技巧总结】  as many as possible   尽可能多      as fast as possible    尽可能快 as big as possible    尽可能大 such as   例如 后接名词或短语  e.g. He knows many languages such as Chinese，English，Russian and French. 他懂很多语言，如汉语，英语，俄语和法语。【技巧总结】  for example  例如, 后接句子。     e.g. He is a good boy for example he often helps his mother with the housework.他是个好孩子。例如，他经常帮她妈妈做家务。 use sth to do sth. 意为“用....去做....”e.g. We often use the dictionary to look up the new words. 我们经常使用词典去查阅新单词。三．重难点详解What’s wrong? = What’s up？= What’s happening ? = What’s the matter/trouble? 怎么了？ I watched a soccer game last night and went to bed very late. 昨天晚上我在电视上看了场足球赛，很晚才上床睡觉。【技巧总结】watch 主要用于观看电视节目、球赛、游戏和话剧等。e.g. We watched a play in the theater yesterday. 昨天我们在剧院看了一场话剧。1）read 主要用于读书、看报等。e.g. My mother likes reading newpapers. 我妈妈喜欢看报纸。2）see 和watch 有相似之处，用于观看比赛、电视节目、演出、电影等。但see主要强调看的结果。e.g. I often saw you play basketball during the summer holiday. 我经常看见你在暑假期间打篮球。3）look意为“看、瞧”是不及物动词，强调动作。e.g. Please look at the blackboard. 请看黑板。 4. Staying up late is bad for your health.  动词ing形式（动名词）可直接放句首作主语，谓语动词用单三形式。 e.g. Playing basketball is good for your heath.打篮球对你的身体有好处。Reading in bed is bad for your eyes.躺在床上看书对眼睛有害。Swimming is my hobby.游泳是我的爱好。 I am sorry to hear that．听到这我感到很难过。这是表示同情的一种说法。当你听到别人不幸的事情时，应说此句用来表示你的同情。 6. I see．我明白了。此句为口语，在这里see指“明白，理解”之意。e.g. His younger brother didn't see the meaning of the story． 7. Doing morning exercises every day. 每天早上做早操。exercise 是“体操，操练”，是可数名词，故加s。e.g. Doing eye exercises is good for our eyes.exercise指活动，作“锻炼、运动”讲时是不可数名词。e.g. Swimming is good health. 游泳时有益的活动。 8. Don’t throw litter around. 不要到处扔垃圾。throw around 到处扔，throw litter around= throw around litter (litter是名词，即可以放后也可以放中间，但代词只能放中间，如：throw it around )、9.Washing hands before meals. 饭前洗手。1）meal 餐、一顿饭。如：Lunch is his main meal of the day. 午餐是他的正餐。2）before meals 饭前。Before 意为“在....之前”，为介词，其后接名词、代词、或名词短语，也可接时间。 10. You’d better not read in the sun. 你最好不要再阳光下读书。in the sun 在阳光下(此处不能用under the sun )had better do sth 最好做某事had better not do sth最好不要做某事 11. Look, the article says smoking is bad for our lungs and it can even cause cancer. 看，文章上说抽烟对我们的肺有害，它甚至能导致癌症。say 在此处指书面材料，文字记载上的“说”，表示文字材料或可见的东西提供信息、指示等均可用say 。 e.g. The guidebook say we should turn left. 旅游指南上说我们应向左拐。 12. Be careful not to eat too much salt or sugar. 当心，不要吃太多的盐或糖。or连词，意为“或，或者，还是”，用于表示连接选择、替换的词、短语或从句。 e.g. Are you coming or not? 你来还是不来？Is it a boy or a girl? 是个男孩还是女孩？【技巧总结】1) 意为“也不”，用于否定句，提出两种或多种事物的连接词。e.g. He can’t read or write. 他不会写，也不会读。2）意为“否则，不然”用于警告或忠告。e.g. Hurry up, or you will be late for school. 赶快，不然你上学就要迟到了。3) and意为“和，又，还”，表示并列关系，用于肯定句。e.g. We have black hair and black eyes.我们有黑头发还有黑眼睛。四． 重点语法.语法 --- 情态动词（must/mustn’t; may; can/could )1. can 的用法:  (1) 表示能力时一般译为“能、会”， 即有种能力，尤其是生来具备的能力，此时 may 和must 均不可代替它。   e.g. She can swim fast, but I can’t .  她能游得很快，但我不能。       I can see with my eyes. 我用眼睛看。(2)  表示许可，常在口语中。e.g.You can use my dictionary.   你可以用我的字典。  (3) 表示推测，意为“可能”， 常用于否定句和疑问句中，此时can’t 译为“ 不可能”。   e.g.Can the news be true? 这个消息会是真的吗？2. could的用法：  (1) can的过去式，意为“ 能、 会”，表示过去的能力。  e.g. He could write poems when he was 10.  他十岁时就会写诗。  (2) could在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时 could 没有过去式的意思。   e.g. --- Could I use your pen? 我能用一下你的钢笔吗?       --- Yes, you can.可以。（注意回答）may的用法： (1) 表示请求、许可，比can 正式。 e.g. May I borrow your bike? 我可以借你的自行车吗？    You may go home now. 现在你可以回家了。 (2) 表示推测，谈论可能性，意为“ 可能， 或许”，一般用于肯定句中。 e.g. It may rain tomorrow . 明天可能会下雨。    She may be at home. 她可能在家呢.4. must的用法：(1) must 表示主观看法，意为“必须、一定”。  e.g. You must stay here until I come back.在我回来之前你必须待在这儿。     Must I hand in my homework right now? 我必须现在交作业吗？(2) 其否定形式mustn’t表示“一定不要”“千万别”“禁止，不许”。e.g. You mustn’t play with fire.  你不许玩火。    You mustn’t be late. 你一定不要迟到。(3) 对must引导的疑问句，肯定回答为must，否定回答为needn’t 或don’t have to.e.g.  --- Must I finish my homework now? 我现在必须完成作业吗？     --- No, you needn’t.不，你不必。(4) must表示有把握的推测，用于肯定句。 e.g.The light is on, so he must be at home now. 灯亮着，他现在肯定在家。