初中英语2024届中考语法知识（常考动词固定搭配+高频动词词组）

中考英语语法知识一、常考动词固定搭配1.agree① agree with“同意”，后接表示人的名词或代词，也可以接表示“意见，看法”的名词[例]We all agree with him.我们都同意他的意见。[例2]Do you agree with my ideas? 你同意我的观点吗?② agree to“同意”，后面接表示“计划，建议，安排”等的名词，接动词原形时构成动词不定式结构[例1]He agreed to our plan at last.最后他同意了我们的计划。[例2]They agreed to come on Monday.他们同意星期一来。③ agree on“(两人以上)就…取得一致意见，在…方面意见一致”→ 其主语多为复数形式，宾语是表示事、计划等的名词，而不是表示人的名词或代词→ 可以与agree in doing sth替换。表示经过协商，讨论或谈判而就某事双方取得了一致意见用on.[例]They agreed on the plan.=They agreed in doing the plan.他们对这个计划意见一致。④ agree about sth.涉及讨论的题目[例]They never agree about politics.他们在政治问题上从不达成一致。2.break① break away（from）逃走、逃脱[例]The robbery suspect broke away from the lockup.抢劫嫌疑犯从拘留所逃脱了。② break down vi（机器）损坏、抛锚；vt/vi 破坏、拆散、 毁坏，把(整体)分解，打破[例1]The truck broke down halfway to the destination.汽车在到达目的地的中途抛锚。[例2]Her health broke down under the pressure of work.她的健康在工作压力下垮了。③ break up破坏；解散；分裂；结束[例]After midnight, the party broke up.午夜过后，聚会散场了。④ break into 破门而入[例]The thief broke into the house and took away the TV set.小偷破门而入偷走了电视机。⑤ break in打断[例]Don't break in when we are talking.我们谈话时别打断我们。⑥ break out 爆发；发生[例]The Second World War broke out in September 1939.第二次世界大战于1939年9月爆发。3.bring① bring about  带来；导致；生产；制造[例]His carelessness brought about the accident.他的粗心导致了这次意外事故的发生。② bring down  使…下降；倒下；击落[例]It is a good opportunity for us to bring down our opponents.这是我们打倒对手的好机会。③ bring up 抚养长大[例]Joe was born in Texas but brought up in Oklahoma.④ bring in 产生(利润、进息、收入) [例]The sale brought us in over $1000.那笔买卖使我们赚了一千多美元⑤ bring forward 提出；把…提早[例]Please bring forward the matter at the next meeting.请在下次会议上提出这件事。⑥ bring out 显示；表现出；出版[例]The publishing company will bring out a good book in the near future.这家出版公司将在不久的将来出版一本好书。4.care① care about 在乎、介意；对…感兴趣[例1]He does not care about his clothes.他对穿衣服不在乎[例2]I don't care about it.我对此不感兴趣② care for 照顾；喜欢（常用于否定句）[例1]Who will care for him if his wife dies? 假若他妻子死了，谁来照顾他?[例2]He doesn't care much for music.他不大喜欢音乐。③ care to do sth.愿意；喜欢；想要[例]I don't care to play basketball.我不喜欢打篮球。④ care+从句  在乎；在意 (用于否定句或疑问句，偶尔也用于肯定句)[例]I really care whether we win or lose.我们是输是赢我真的很在乎。5.come① come about 发生；(风等)改变方向[例1]How did the new idea come about? 这个新主意是怎么产生的？[例2]This has not come about overnight.冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。② come across (无意中)碰到；找到；想到[例]Have you come across this problem in reading a new novel? 你在读一本新小说时遇到过这个问题吗？③ come out 出现；出版；发表；结果是；取得(第…名)；消失褪去；源于，来自[例1]That magazine comes out every Monday.那份杂志每星期一出版。[例2]The truth has come out at last.真相终于大白。④ come up with/to 提出；赶上；达到…标准；到达[例]Have you come up with a more practical idea?你有没有想出一个实际的办法？⑤ come的其他词组→ come along/on 赶快、一道来、 进步→ come back 回到原来的(地方，话题等)，突然想起，恢复，复原，复苏→ come in 到来，出现，进入，兴起→ come/get/keep in (to) contact/touch 与…联系，接触，交往→ come down 下降，跌价→ come down to 归根结底；实质上是→ come to oneself恢复知觉6.cut① cut down  削减、减少；砍伐Expenses ought to be cut down in every way.应该在一切方面减少开支。② cut in 插话；超车[例1]Don't try to cut in while others are talking.别人谈话时不要插嘴。[例2]He cut in at the head of the line.他在队伍的前面插队。③ cut off  切断；截止；叫(人)闭口无言；隔绝The flood cut the villagers off from the rest of the world.洪水切断了村民们与外界的联系。④ cut out  割掉；删去；戒掉；省掉[例]I must cut out smoking.我必须戒烟。⑤ cut up 切碎；使难过、使痛苦[例1]Cut up the carrots before you put them into the pot.把胡萝卜切碎后再放进锅内。[例2]The article was severely cut up by some critics.那篇文章曾受到一些评论家严厉的抨击。 7.get  ① get across 解释清楚；使人了解；通过[例]The teacher tried to explain the problem, but the explanation did not get across to the class.老师试图解释这个问题，但全班同学没有听懂。② get away离开；出发；逃脱[例]I was in a meeting and couldn't get away.我正在开会，不能离开。③ get down to (doing )开始着手做某事[例]Let's get down to business.让我们言归正传吧。④ get on上车/get off下车[例]The bus stopped at the terminal station and all the passengers got off.汽车到达终点站所有乘客都下车了。⑤ get over克服困难[例]She can't get over her shyness.她无法克服她的羞怯心理。⑥ get through接通（电话）；完成[例]I tried to telephone you but I couldn't get through.我试着给你打电话，但打不通。⑦ get rid of避免；摆脱；除去例:You'd better get rid of that attitude and shape up, young man.年轻人，你最好改掉那种态度，学学好。 8.give  ① give away赠送；泄露秘密[例1]She gave away all her money to charity.她把所有的钱都捐给了慈善机构。[例2]Don't give away my secret.别泄露我的秘密。② give in屈服、让步；上交[例]He has given in to my views.他已让步，接受了我的观点。③ give off发出(气味、声音、能量)[例]Sometimes, chemical changes give off energy. 有时化学变化释放能量。④ give out vi.耗尽、用完、（机器，引擎）失灵  vt.分发、公布; 发出（光和热）[例1]Our food supply will give out in three days.我们的食物供给三天后就会用完。[例2]The radiator is giving out a lot of heat.散热器散发着大量的热。⑤ give over交付、交出[例]The keys were given over to our neighbors during our absence.我们不在家时，钥匙交给邻居保管。⑥ give up vt/vi戒除、放弃[例1]The only way we choose is to give up and wait for another chance.我们唯一的选择就是放弃，等待下一次机会。[例2]You should spend more time practicing speaking English.Don't give up hope.你应该花更多的时间练习说英语。不要放弃希望。 9.go  ① go after 寻找，追求[例]He is going after that pretty girl. 他在追求那个漂亮的女孩子。② go down 去某地；(日)落；(船)沉；(计算机)停机(故障)  [例1]He got home before the sun went down.太阳下山前他到了家。[例2]The wind has gone down a little. 风势已减弱了一些。③ go in for 从事；参加(考试；竞赛)[例]I am going in for an entrance examination next year. 我明年参加入学考试。④ go out 出去；熄灭；公布；过时[例1]His cigarette already had gone out before he left.在他离开之前，他的香烟已经熄灭了。[例2]This method went out long ago.这种方法早就过时了。⑤ go over 仔细检查；仔细推敲、察看[例1]We went over several houses, but haven't bought one yet.我们看了几栋房子，但尚未买成。[例2]He went over the article again.他把文章从头至尾又读了一遍。⑥ go through 遭遇；经历；熬过；用光(钱)；获准，通过[例1]These countries have gone/been through too many wars.这些国家饱经战火。[例2]You should go through the official channels to get help instead of through private relationship.你应该通过官方渠道而不是通过私人关系寻求帮助。⑦ go up提高；涨高；建造起例:Prices have gone up again.物价又上涨了。⑧ go with  带有；伴随；与…匹配；同…协调[例1]Happiness doesn't necessarily go with money.幸福并不一定伴随着金钱。[例2]Do you think this hat would go with my new dress? 你觉得这帽子和我的新衣服相配吗？ 二、高频动词词组（一）LOOK1.look after 照看;照管[例]My friend looked after my cat while I was on holiday.在我去度假的时候，我的朋友照料我的猫。2.look up to 尊敬[例]John is looked up to because he is glad to help people.约翰很受人尊敬，因为他乐于帮助别人。3.look forward to 盼望;期待[例]I'm looking forward to seeing you this summer vacation.我盼望今年暑假见到你。4.look into 调查;深入了解;研究[例]The police are looking into the matter.警察正在调查此事。5.look up  抬头看;查阅[例1]He looked up and saw a bird flying over. 他抬起头来看，看见一只鸟飞过来。[例2]When you do not understand a word, you can look it up in this dictionary.当你不理解一个单词时，你可以查这本词典。6.look 其他词组① look about 四下环顾;查看② look around 东张西望③ look back on/upon 回顾④ look down on/upon俯视;轻视⑤ look on /upon旁观，面向⑥ look on / upon…as…把…看作⑦ look out向外看;注意;当心，提防⑧ look over从上面看过去;检查，忽略⑨ look through 看穿;彻底调查（二）KEEP1.keep away (from) 不接近;远离[例]He keeps away from liquor and tobacco.他远离烟酒。2.keep back 阻止;扣留;隐瞒[例]He may be telling the truth, but he is keeping something back.他可能说的是实话，但他有所隐瞒。3.keep off 不接近;远离[例]Keep off the grass.请勿践踏草坪。4.keep out 使…不入内[例]They have shut the door and meant to keep us out.他们把门关上了，想把我们拒之门外。5.keep in touch with…与…保持联系[例]We have kept in touch with each other after graduation.毕业后我们一直保持联系。6.keep on doing 继续；不停地做[例]We have to keep on doing exercises to stay healthy.为了保持健康，我们必须坚持锻炼。7.keep in mind 记住[例]Please keep in mind that be honest.请记住，你必须诚实。8.keep 其他词组① keep company with…和…结交② keep…from…阻止③ keep one’s balance 保持平衡④ keep pace with…跟上，…步调一致⑤ keep up 继续，坚持，保持，维持⑥ keep up with…赶上，跟上，与…并肩前进⑦ keep watch 守望，值班，注意（三）MAKE1.be made of/be made from/be made by①be made of 表示“由…制成”，指从原料到制成品，只发生了形状变化，没有发生本质变化，可以看出原材料。[例]This suit is made of very good material 这套衣服的质料很好。② be made from表示“由…制成”，指从原料到制成品，发生了质的变化，看不出原材料。[例]These wines are made from grapes. 这几种酒都是葡萄酿造的。③ be made by表示“由…做”，后面跟指人或代词，强调动作的执行者。[例]The model plane is made by me.这个模型飞机是我做的。2.make for 往…走去；向…前进；有助于；促进[例1]He made for the door.他向门口走去。[例2]The dog made for the stranger.狗向陌生人扑了过去。[例3]The flood made for much misery in that area.洪水在那个地区造成了很大的灾难。3.make out 理解；看清楚；辨认；起草(文件等)；匆忙离开；仓皇出逃[例1]I could hardly make out anything in the thick fog.在浓雾中我几乎什么也看不见。 [例2]The teacher has made out a list of reference books.教师已开出了一份参考书单。4.make up 化妆；配制；组成；编造；和解，弥补；[例1]She made up her face to look prettier. 她化了妆使自己看起来更漂亮。[例2]The boy made up a story; it was not true.男孩编造了一个故事，那不是真的。5.make up for 弥补[例]How can we make up to you for what you have suffered?我们怎样才能补偿你所遭受的损失呢？6.make 其他词组① make a fool of愚弄，欺骗② make a point 阐述观点③ make a point of doing强调，决心④ make for去向，向……前进；有利于⑤ make it 就这么定了⑥ make up one’s mind to do sth.下定决心做某事（四）PUT1.put away收起来，放好[例]The boy put the food away in the cupboard after he finished his dinner.小男孩吃完晚饭后把食物放到橱柜里。2.put down 放下；记下；粉碎；镇压[例1]Put it down to my account, please. 请记在我的帐上。[例2]It's time that the government put down interest rates.政府早该降低利率了。3.put off 延期，推迟[例]We've invited friends to supper and it's too late to put them off now.我们已邀请朋友来吃晚饭，现在取消已来不及了。4.put on 穿上；演出；增加体重[例1]She took off the old dress and put on a new one.她脱下旧连衣裙，穿上一件新的。[例2]The workers on the construction site should put on their safety helmets before starting to work.建筑工地上的工人在开始工作前应该戴上安全帽。5.put out 公布；播出；使熄灭；出版[例1]It's dangerous to put out your hand now. 现在你把手伸出去是危险的。[例2]These willow saplings will put out fresh leaves very soon.这些柳树苗不久就要长出新叶了。6.put up 建起；支起；张贴；修建；提出[例1]Jasper has put up 'No Parking' signs outside his gate, but these have not had any effect.Jasper把几块“禁止停车”的牌子挂在大门外边，但这没有任何效果。7.put up with 忍受；容忍 [例]I can’t put up with all this noise．我无法忍受这些噪音。（五）TAKE1.take back 收回;接回;退回[例1]I’m sorry, I take back what I said.对不起，我收回我说过的话。[例2]They wouldn’t take back the shirt.衬衫他们不让退货。2.take down 写下；拆下[例1]He took down everything the teacher said.他把老师说的所有话都记了下来。[例2]They decided to take down the dangerous bridge.他们决定把这座危险的桥拆掉。3.take in 收留；欺骗；吸收，理解[例1]So he took in the boy.所以他就收留了这个男孩。[例2]Don’t be taken in by his promises.别被他的诺言所欺骗。4.take off 脱下；起飞；打折扣；请假，休息[例1]He took off his glasses and looked up.他取下眼镜，抬头看了看。[例2]When did the plane take off? 飞机是什么时候起飞的？[例3]Can you take five dollars off the price? 你可以减价五美元吗？[例4]I want to take a day off (from work).我想休假一天。5.take on聘用；显现；承担或担任(工作或责任等)[例1]The company decided to take on a new secretary.这家公司决定聘一个新秘书。[例2]Her face took on a new expression.她的脸上露出了新的表情。[例3]He advised me not to take on too much work.他建议我不要承担太多的工作。6.take over 接替，接管，继承[例1]Who will take over his job? 他的工作由谁来接替？[例2]Would you like me to take over the driving for a while? 你愿意让我接替你开一会儿车吗？7.take up开始(学习或从事等)；占去(时间或空间)[例1]He dropped medicine and took up physics.他放弃学医，开始学物理。[例2]The table takes up too much room.这桌子太占地方了。8.take sb.(sth.) for (to be)…把某人(某物)当作…… [例1]He took her smile for agreement.他把她的微笑视为同意。[例2]I took him for Mr.Smith.我错把他看成是史密斯先生。9.It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.做某事花(某人)时间[例]It will take three hours to go there by bus.坐公共汽车去要花三个小时。（六）TURN1.turn down调小;拒绝[例1]That radio is pretty loud.Can you turn it down a little? 收音机声音太响，你能开小点吗？[例2]The company turned down his proposal.公司拒绝了他的建议。2.turn on 打开；向…突然袭击[例1]Could you turn on the bath for me while you’re upstairs? 你在楼上的时候能帮我打开浴缸的水龙头吗?[例2]The dog suddenly turned on him.那狗突然向他扑过来。3.turn off关掉；使失去兴趣[例]Please turn off the electric power.请把电源关掉。4.turn out结果是，证明是；制造，生产[例1]It turns out to be true.事实证明是真的。[例2]This factory turns out bicycles.这家工厂生产自行车。5.turn over 交出；转换；改变[例1]A big wave turned over the fishing boat.巨浪打翻了渔船。[例2]He turned over the business to his son.他把生意交给了他的儿子。[例3]Let’s turn over—this is really boring.换台吧，这个频道太无聊了。6.turn to 翻到；转向；向……求助[例1]Please turn to page 105.请翻到105页。[例2]So for years men have turned to the sea to earn their living.因此多年以来人们转向海洋谋生。[例3]Whenever she was in trouble she turned to him for help.每当她遇到困难时，就找他帮忙。7.turn up出现；到达；开大音量；被发现或找到[例1]He promised to come but hasn’t turned up yet.他答应来，但还没有露面。[例2]I can’t hear the radio very well， could you turn it up a bit？ 我听不太清楚收音机，你能把音量调大一点吗？[例3]I’m sure your watch will turn up one of these days.我相信你的手表总有一天会找到的。8.turn in 上床睡觉；上交；归还；面向内[例1]Now we wait for them to turn in their essays.现在我们等待他们交出论文。[例2]Would you like some tea before you turn in.你睡觉前想喝点茶吗？