人教版（2019）必修 第一册Welcome unit Starter 基础知识一遍过（知识集萃）（素材）
展开【回归课本】高考英语一轮复习专题01 必修一Welcome Unit基础知识一遍过（知识集萃） 1. exchange n. 交换; 交流 vt. 交换; 交流; 交易; 兑换【教材原句】I’m an exchange student from the UK. (教材P2) 我是一名来自英国的交换生。【词块必记】exchange sth. for sth. 用……来交换……exchange sth. with sb. 与某人交换某物in exchange for 作为对......的交换exchange student 交换生cultural exchange 文化交流我会充分利用这次机会和他们交换观点。I will take full advantage of this chance to exchange views with them.你愿意和我交换故事书吗？Would you like to exchange story books with me?【即时练】单句语法填空① Some students feel that __________ (exchange) gifts can help them make more friends.② You can exchange your pounds ___ dollars in this bank.翻译练习：汉译英。① 我们不必对语言之间的交流持悲观态度。 ( pessimistic; exchange) ② 学生应该经常和家长交流想法。 (exchange) ③ 我很高兴得知你下学期会作为交换生来我们学校。 (exchange student) 【高考真题链接】(2021北京卷完形填空) Some students don't have a reliable car, while others have to ____ vehicles with parents who work six days a week. A. share B. fuel C. repair D. exchange2.design n. 设计，设计方案 vt. 设计，筹划【典型例句】These books are primarily designed for the use of beginners. 这些书主要是供初学的人使用的。【词块必记】be designed for sb. /sth. 为某人/某物而设计 be designed to do sth. 旨在做......; 打算被设计用来做by design = on purpose 故意地; 蓄意地 be designed for = be intended for be designed to do = be intended to dodesigner n. 设计师【即时练】单句语法填空①The Hope Project ____________ help those children who drop out of school because of poverty②This room ______________children as a children’s playroom.③We don’t know whether they did it by accident or _________ .④This course is specially designed ________beginners like you, focusing on listening and speaking practice.翻译练习：汉译英。① 无论是偶然还是有意为之，飞行员使飞机急转弯。 (design; sharp)_______________________________________________________________. ② 该计划旨在为年轻人提供工作。 (design; provide) __________________________________________________________________. 句式升级③ This project was designed to help the students in need. But it just didn't work out as planned.→This project _________________________________________in need just didn't work out as planned (分词作定语)【高考真题试练】1.(2021北京卷A篇) You might also design an adventure challenge to train young volunteers.2. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ) HUNCH__________(design) to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. 3. (2019·全国卷Ⅲ) For Western____________(design), China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative. 3. anxious adj. 焦虑的; 不安的【教材例句】 I’m not outgoing so I’m a little anxious right now. (教材P4) 我并不外向，所以现在有点焦虑。【词块必记】be/feel anxious for/about sb. 为某人......担心/担忧be anxious about sth. 为某事担心be anxious for sth. 想要得到某物be anxious to do sth. 渴望做某事be anxious (for sb.) to do... 渴望(某人)做……be anxious that sb should do sth 渴望……【知识拓展】anxiety n.忧虑；担心；渴望 with anxiety 焦虑地anxiously adv.焦虑地She was anxious to finish school and get a job. 她渴望毕业找一份工作。Mary has been anxious for your return. 玛丽急切地盼你归来。【即时练】单句语法填空① It’s natural for parents to be anxious_______children’s future. ② I can understand your __________(anxious), but please try not to worry. ③ I was told the Learning Centre provides help for students and I’m anxious_________(get) help from you. ④ He was so anxious__________(return) home that he had booked a train ticket before the summer vacation began. 4. annoyed adj. 恼怒的, 生气的【典型例句】I was annoyed at those annoying things because those things were annoying me all the time. 我对那些烦人的事情感到恼火, 因为这些事情一直困扰着我。【词块必记】be annoyed with sb. 生某人的气be annoyed at/about sth. 因某事生气【知识拓展】 annoyance n. 恼怒，烦恼，不高兴的事 annoying adj. 使人不高兴的，恼人的 annoyed adj. 生气的【即时练】单句语法填空① We were annoyed ______(find) him breaking the window. ② She is ________(annoy) with him for forgetting to phone her.③ He was annoyed ________ you for your carelessness.翻译练习：汉译英。① 她没有其他适合这次派对穿的衣服，这使她很烦恼。 (annoy) ② 当你忘记重要的事情时，你是否生过自己的气？ (be annoyed with) 【高考真题链接】(2021全国乙卷D篇) ________(annoy) by the level of distraction（干扰）in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street — so I can focus”. frightened adj. 惊吓的; 害怕的【教材原句】 I didn’t feel awkward or frightened at all. (教材P4) 我一点也没觉得尴尬或害怕。【词块必记】be frightened of (doing) sth.…… 害怕……be frightened to do sth. 不敢做某事be frightened to death 被吓得要死frighten vt. 吓唬；使惊吓frightening adj. 令人恐惧的【知识拓展】表示“害怕”的形容词：afraid, scared, terrified, fearful等。frightening 用来修饰事物，意为“令人害怕的”；frightened 指人“感到害怕的”“受到惊吓的”，作定语时，常用来修饰人的声音、表情等。 a frightened boy 受惊吓的男孩 frightened look / expression 害怕的表情【即时练】单句语法填空① I’m frightened ________ walking home alone in the dark. ② She was frightened _________ (look) down from the top floor of the building. ③ Seeing the _______tiger, the boy was ________. (frighten)④ Seeing the frightening scene, the little girl was frightened ________death and cried in fright with a frightened expression on her face.【高考链接】(2021全国卷II完形填空) He had 43 to coax（哄）the dog to him but, frightened, it had 44 .43. A. tried B. agreed C. promised D. regretted44. A. calmed down B. stood up C. rolled over D. run offimpression n. 印象; 感想【教材原句】I want to make a good first impression. (教材P4) 我想留个好的第一印象。【词块必记】leave/make a(n) . . . impression on sb. 给某人留下……印象impress vt. 使印象深刻；使铭记impress sb with sth / impress sth on/upon sb. 使某人牢记某事be impressed by/at/with 对……印象深刻be impressed on one’s mind/memory 被印在脑海里[知识拓展] impressive adj. 给人印象深刻的【即时练】单句填空① You will surely be impressed those beautiful paper-cutting works. ② What (impress) me most was that whenever he appeared in front of others he often wore a big smile.③ First (impress) are the most lasting. After all, you never get a second chance.翻译练习：汉译英。① 平静的湖水给我留下了深刻的印象。 (still, impress)___________________________________________________________________② 多亏了出色的导游，我们的旅途真的令人印象深刻，意义非凡。 (impressive, meaningful)_________________________________________________________________________【高考链接】(2021上海卷完形填空) This leaves many children with a bad 52 of sports. They think sports are just too aggressive.52. A. impression B. concept C. taste D. expectation 1.concentrate vi. &vt.集中(注意力)；聚精会神【典型例句】 I couldn’t concentrate on the experiment. (教材P4) 我不能把注意力集中在实验上。【词块必记】concentrate on (doing) sth 专心(做)某事concentrate one’s mind/one’s attention/energies/efforts/thoughts 集中注意力于；致力于；专心于We should concentrate our attention on efficiency to improve our work.【知识拓展】concentration n. 专心 与concertrate on 同义的短语：fix one's attention on .../focus on .../be absorbed in .../be lost in .../be buried in ...【即时练】单句语法填空① All these worries make it impossible for her to concentrate her work.② His ability to absorb information was astonishing, but his (concentrate) time was short.翻译练习：汉译英。① 专心学习，你就会取得更大进步。(concentrate on) ______________________________________________________. ② 这需要高度的专注和很好的平衡感才能站在上面。 ( it 作形式主语，concentration, balance) _____________________________________________________________. 【高考真题链接】(2021全国乙D篇) 32. Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space?A. It helps him concentrate. B. It blocks out background noise.C. It has a pleasant atmosphere. D. It encourages face-to-face interactions.leave...alone 不打扰..., 不惊动...，不碰【经典例句】I really wanted to tell him to please be quiet and leave me alone! 我真的想告诉他请安静不要打扰我！【词块必记】leave behind 遗留；把……抛在后面;落后leave aside 搁置一边；不考虑leave out 省略；遗漏leave for 到……地方去；前往Either one goes forward or he will be left behindI wonder why they left out such an important question.The newly married couple are leaving for their honeymoon.【即时练】单句语法填空1)Please leave my things ________!2)When do you plan to leave ___________ Canada?3)We’ll leave ___________ the difficult problem until next week．4)We hear of women who run away, leaving _______ their homes and families.5) It was careless of him to leave ______an important detail. 重点句式: find＋宾语＋宾语补足语I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. 我觉得我的大多数同学和老师都很友好，而且乐于助人。句中“most of my classmates and teachers”为宾语，“friendly and helpful”为宾语补足语。“find ＋n./pron.＋宾语补足语”意思是“发现……处于……状态”，常用下列形式：(1)find ＋n./pron.＋形容词(2)find ＋n./pron.＋副词(3)find ＋n./pron.＋介词短语(4)find ＋n./pron.＋动词-ing形式(表示主动或动作正在进行) (5)find ＋n./pron.＋动词-ed形式(表示被动或动作已完成)【即时练】(1)单句语法填空①When he arrived, he found all the work _______ (finish)．②When she came into the room, she found them ________ (sit) together singing.(2)完成句子③I called on her on my way home and ______ _______ _______. 我在回家的路上去拜访她，发现她出去了。④Jane _______ __________ ________ ________ ________ __________ .简发现自己在一个不同的世界里。⑤She returned to England to ________ __________ ___________ .她回到英国，发现自己竟出名了。重点句式:what if ......? 如果...会怎么样呢？ 要是...会怎么样呢？后面跟一个句子，相当于What will/would happen if...?【教材原句】 What if no one talks to me? 要是没人跟我说话怎么办呢？【知识拓展】其他类似结构：What/How about ...？ ……怎么样(表示建议)?How come? 怎么回事？So what? 那又怎么样？What for? 为什么......what's up? 怎么了？What do you think of...? 认为......怎么样？【即时练】单句语法填空①______ ______ he gets angry? I'm a little worried.如果他生气了会怎么样呢？我有点儿担心。②_______ ________ going to the cinema tonight? A new film is on show.今天晚上去看电影怎么样？有一部新电影正在上映。③—Someone will see you doing it.—_______ ________ ?——会有人看见你做这事的。——那又怎么样？④_______ _______ ? Why are you late again?怎么回事？你为什么又迟到了？ 1. 【即时练】答案:1.exchanging; 2. for; 翻译：①We shouldn’t be pessimistic about the exchange between languages.②Students should often exchange ideas with their parents. ③I’m happy to learn that you will come to our school next term as an exchange student.【高考真题链接】D2.【即时练】答案: 1. is designed to 2. is designed for 3. by design 4. for翻译：①The pilot, whether by accident or by design, made the plane do s sharp turn.②The project is designed to provide young people with work.③designed to help the students in need【高考真题试练】答案: 2.. is designed; 3. designers【即时练】 答案: 1. for /about; 2. anxiety; 3. to get; 4. to return 【即时练】答案:1.to find; 2. annoyed; 3. with翻译：①She had no other dress suitable for the party, which annoyed her. ②Have you ever been annoyed with yourself when you forget something important?【高考真题链接】Annoyed【即时练】答案: 1. of; 2. to look; 3. frightening; frightened; 4. to【高考真题链接】A D【即时练】答案: 1.with; 2. impressed; 3. impression翻译：①I was deeply impressed by the still water of the lake.②Thanks to the excellent guide, our journey was really impressive and meaningful.【高考真题链接】A 答案:1.on; 2. concentration翻译：①Concentrate on your study and you will make greater progress ②It takes intense concentration and a good sense of balance to stand on it.答案: 1.alone，2.for，3.aside，4.behind，5.out 答案: 1.finished，2.sitting, 3.found her out, 4. found herself in a different world, 5. find herself famous 答案: 1.What if，2. What about, 3. So what,4. How come
