2024届高考英语一轮总复习必修第一册Unit4NaturalDisasters单元主题训练

UNIT 4 单元主题训练

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2023·德阳二模)After being attacked by Hurricane Ida's 150 mph winds and torrential rains, hundreds of thousands of Gulf Coast residents were left without power and fresh water this week as a 100­degree heat wave settled over the region.Ida smashed into Louisiana as a Category 4 hurricane, ripping off roofs, knocking out transmission lines, flooding roads, and reducing some brick buildings in downtown New Orleans to rubble.At least eight people died in the storm and the_toll is expected to rise as emergency workers search wrecked homes and businesses.

One of the most powerful hurricanes to ever hit the US mainland, Ida brought a 5 to 12­foot storm surge that covered low­lying communities in southeastern Louisiana.Grand Isle is now “uninhabitable”， said Parish President Cynthia Lee Sheng, with 3 feet of sand covering the entire barrier island and 40 percent of the buildings completely destroyed.

The storm caused a citywide blackout in New Orleans, but a Hurricane Katrina­level disaster was avoided there, thanks in part to the D|S14.5 billion spent on new levees, seawalls, and pumps after the 2005 storm.Experts are warning that Ida could worsen the Covid crisis in the Gulf Coast, as residents crowd together in homes and emergency shelters without immediate access to testing or medical care.ICUs in Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama hospitals were already near capacity before the storm hit.Nearly 1 million people are still without power across Louisiana, and authorities warned it could be weeks before electricity is restored.“If you have already evacuated，” said Gov.John Bel Edwards, “do not return here.”

语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了飓风艾达给墨西哥湾沿岸居民造成的破坏，以及人们灾后重建的情况。

1．Which of the following best describes Hurricane Ida?

A．Mild.　　　　　 B．Destructive.

C．Uncontrollable.  D．Impressive.

解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第一段中“Ida smashed into Louisiana as a Category 4 hurricane ... as emergency workers search wrecked homes and businesses.”可推知，飓风艾达极具破坏性。故选B。

2．What do the underlined words “the toll” mean in Paragraph 1?

A．The death number.  B．The heat wave.

C．The wind speed.  D．The citywide blackout.

解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“At least eight people died in the storm”以及后文“is expected to rise as emergency workers search wrecked homes and businesses”可知，至少有8人在风暴中死亡，且随着紧急救援人员搜索被毁的房屋和企业，预计死亡人数还会上升。画线词意思是“死亡人数”。故选A。

3．What is one of the reasons for Grand Isle to be uninhabitable?

A．The entire island is covered with sand.

B．It is one of the low­lying communities.

C．The residents there can't wait to leave.

D．Over half of its buildings were in ruins.

解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Grand Isle is now ‘uninhabitable，’ said Parish President Cynthia ... completely destroyed.”可知，这个地方不适合居住的原因之一是整个岛被沙子覆盖了。故选A。

4．What can be inferred about the attitude of Gov.John Bel Edwards towards the prospect of Louisiana?

A．Ambitious.  B．Undoubted.

C．Indifferent.  D．Unconfident.

解析：选D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“‘If you have already evacuated，’ said Gov.John Bel Edwards，‘do not return here.’”可推知，John Bel Edwards州长对路易斯安那州的前景持不自信的态度。故选D。

B

(2023·石家庄模拟)The moment the ground stops shaking after an earthquake, some people may wonder whether their pets—or wild animals for that matter—knew the disaster was coming.

To get to the bottom of this question, Heiko Woith, a scientist at the German Research Centre for Geosciences, and his colleagues evaluated more than 700 published reports of unusual behavior among 130 species, including insects, birds, fish, cats, dogs and cattle from 160 earthquakes.The records included all kinds of behaviors, including a tiger that reportedly got depressed before an earthquake.

The researchers found that 90 percent of all reported cases happened within 62 miles of the epicenter (震中) and within 60 days of an earthquake.Then, they examined when and where foreshocks had happened in the region and concluded that it was hard to say these animals could predict the earthquake itself.They were just responding to foreshocks.

“The space­time pattern of animal precursors (预兆) and foreshocks is strikingly similar，” Woith said.“From this, we concluded that the abnormal animal behavior might simply be related to foreshocks.These animals are just responding to foreshocks rather than predicting the earthquake.They don't have super power.”

Despite the vast number of incidences, good information was little and scientific evidence is lacking.“A major surprise for us was that the large majority of the published claims were built on poor observational data, which did not stand as statistical scientific proof，” Woith said.

To better study whether animals can predict earthquakes, Woith and his colleagues suggested that researchers ask a number of yes­or­no questions in any upcoming experiments, including “Is the experimental setup and monitoring procedure clearly described and reproducible？” and “Is it proven that the animal behavior is really unusual？”

Meanwhile, humans are working on technologies that can detect earthquakes seconds before they hit.Hopefully, we will have such devices to warn people that the earthquake is coming.

语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。尽管每次地震过后总有动物异常行为的报道，然而动物能够预测地震这种结论缺乏科学依据。动物的异常行为只能说明对前震有所反应，并不能说明它们可以预测地震。

5．How did Woith conduct the study?

A．By analyzing former reports.

B．By observing animals' behavior.

C．By collecting data in the earthquake.

D．By comparing animals' different responses.

解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，Woith评估了很多动物异常行为的报告，从而去指导研究。故选A。

6．What is Woith's new finding?

A．Tigers become depressed easily.

B．Certain animals have super power.

C．Some animals can react to foreshocks.

D．Animals in the same area act similarly.

解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段内容和第四段中“From ... the earthquake.They don't have super power.”可知，并没有足够的证据说明动物能够预测地震，但是它们会对前震有反应。故选C项。

7．What surprised the scientists in the study?

A．All reported cases took place in the same area.

B．There were too many reports about foreshocks.

C．Some animals act strangely before earthquakes.

D．The previous reports lack accurate data support.

解析：选D　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“A major surprise ... scientific proof”可知，之前的观点大多都是建立在观察数据基础之上的，不能作为科学证据。故选D项。

8．What is mainly talked about in the passage?

A．How animals behave in earthquakes.

B．Whether animals can predict earthquakes.

C．What is the link between animals and earthquakes.

D．Why people study animals' behavior in earthquakes.

解析：B　主旨大意题。根据第一段和最后一段内容可知，文章在讨论动物是否具有预测地震的超能力。故选B项。

Ⅱ.阅读七选五

A powerful magnitude 7.1 temblor rocked Southern California on July 5, 2019, just 34 hours after a magnitude 6.4 earthquake hit the same area.This latest event was widely felt. __9__ Aftershocks are expected to continue.

Earthquakes are also called temblors.__10__ It's hard to imagine they happen by the thousands every day around the world, usually in the form of small tremors.Some 80% of all the planet's earthquakes happen along the rim (边缘) of the Pacific Ocean.__11__ That is because of a lot of volcanic activity there, as well.

Scientists give a magnitude rating to earthquakes based on the strength and duration of their seismic (地震的) waves.A magnitude of 3 to 4.9 is considered minor or light; 5 to 6.9 is moderate (中等的) to strong; 7 to 7.9 is major; and 8 or more is great.

__12__ Some 10,000 people die in earthquakes every year.Earthquakes may also lead to other natural disasters.Smaller temblors that usually happen in the days following a large earthquake can cause further death and damage.__13__

A．It is called the “Ring of Fire”．

B．They can cause huge damage.

C．Protect yourself as quickly as possible.

D．In fact, a magnitude 8 quake strikes somewhere every year.

E．Loss of life can be avoided through planning and education.

F．One important way is to try to make your home as safe as possible.

G．It caused several fires and damage to buildings and roads in Ridgecrest and nearby.

语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章以2019年发生在加利福尼亚州的地震为例介绍了地震的相关知识。

9．选G　上文中提到加利福尼亚州发生了7.1级地震，G项指出了此次地震所造成的结果，其中的It指代上文中的“A powerful magnitude 7.1 temblor”。

10．选B　B项中的They指代上文中的Earthquakes，B项中的“cause huge damage”与下文中的“It's hard to imagine they happen”语义上形成连贯，指出地震的危害。

11．选A　下文中的“a lot of volcanic activity there”解释了A项中“Ring of Fire”——环太平洋火山带的含义。

12．选D　D项承接上文中的“8 or more is great”，与下文中的“Some 10,000 people die in earthquakes every year”之间是并列关系，指出了全球每年地震发生的概况。

13．选E　上句提到大地震之后发生的震级较小的地震会造成进一步的死亡与损失。E项指出了避免造成这一损失的方法与措施。

Ⅲ.完形填空

Every family should have an emergency kit in their home.If there is an earthquake or a hurricane, for example, there could be a __14__ cut, or the water could get polluted.You might be __15__ at your home for several days because of a storm or a flood.Having an emergency kit __16__ could help if anything like this __17__.

Your emergency kit might include the following __18__：

The first aid kit should include alcohol, cotton wool, bandages, painkillers, clean bottled water and burn ointment.

It is __19__ to keep non­perishable (不易腐坏的) food supplies.In other words, food that won't spoil (变质) out of the fridge，such as canned food.There should be __20__ food for three days.It is better if the food does not have to be cooked.Don't __21__ the can opener!

It's a good __22__ for each family member to have a __23__ change of clothes, including waterproof shoes and a raincoat, as well as some warm blankets in case you have to __24__ outdoors, just as if you were camping!

Other things you can __25__ the kit are: flashlight and spare batteries, paper and pencils, mobile radio, matches and candles.Don't forget these things need to be checked regularly to be sure that they __26__ well.Check the expiry (期满) __27__ on any canned food.You can also put in a backpack some of the things that are __28__ to you, such as a toy or something else that you care about.

语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章介绍了准备应急包的重要性以及应急包里应该放置哪些东西。

14．A.paper  B．price  C．knife  D．power

解析：选D　设空处与下文中的“the water could get polluted”应该是发生地震或者飓风之后可能会出现的结果。只有a power cut(断电)符合语境。

15．A.relaxed  B．alone  C．stuck  D．free

解析：选C　由下文中的“at your home”可知，你受灾不得不困在家里好几天。stuck(被困)符合语境，说明是一种无奈之举。

16．A.clean  B．prepared

C．open  D．paid

解析：选B　由本段的中心句“Every family should have an emergency kit in their home.”以及上文列举的情况可知，这里是说当上述灾难“发生(happens)”时，“准备(prepared)”好应急包的必要性。

17．A.happens  B．changes

C．stops  D．chooses

解析：选A　参见上题解析。

18．A.plans  B．tips

C．disasters  D．supplies

解析：选D　下文提到的急救药箱、不容易腐坏的食物和备用衣服都是应急包里应该有的东西。故supplies(补给品)符合语境。

19．A.unspeakable  B．reusable

C．advisable  D．admirable

解析：选C　由上文中的“Your emergency kit might include”可知，不易腐坏的食物是作者认为需要放在应急包里的东西。故advisable(明智的)符合语境。

20．A.some  B．enough  C．hot  D．delicious

解析：选B　根据常识可知，这里应该指准备好够三天的食物，以备不时之需。

21．A.forget  B．bring  C．try  D．buy

解析：选A　由上文中的“canned food”及常识可知，准备罐头食品，自然也要准备开罐器。故这里表示不要忘记准备开罐器。

22．A.dream  B．excuse  C．idea  D．chance

解析：选C　为每个家庭成员准备好这些东西是个不错的主意。

23．A.sudden  B．daily

C．spare  D．real

解析：选C　根据常识可知，应急包放置的衣服应该是为家人准备好可替换的衣服。故选spare，表示“备用的”。

24．A.sleep  B．tour  C．run  D．cook

解析：选A　由下文中的“as if you were camping”可知，就像野营时一样，毯子的作用是保暖，以在户外休息时御寒。

25．A.take in  B．get in  C．turn in  D．put in

解析：选D　由上文中的“Your emergency kit might include”可知，这里指应急包里还应该放置的其他东西。put in ...意为“把……放到……里”。

26．A.play  B．work  C．deliver  D．know

解析：选B　定期检查应急包里所含物品的目的是要确保这些应急的物品能用。work表示“奏效，起作用”。

27．A.date  B．notice 

C．law  D．value

解析：选A　根据常识可知，食物是有保质期的。因此这里指罐装食物包装盒上的有效期。

28．A.boring  B．important

C．new  D．acceptable

解析：选B　根据常识及下文中的“such as a toy or something else that you care about”可知，放入应急包里的东西应是对你重要的。

Ⅳ.语法填空

Natural phenomena (现象) can sometimes strike very hard and cause disasters if effective measures have not been taken or if some human __1__ (activity) have harmed the natural environment.

For example, too much water that the soil __2__ (be) unable to take in can cause floods, while too little water in some areas can lead to drought.But people can make situations __3__ (bad), for example, when trees are cut down and no new ones __4__ (plant)．This makes the soil very dry, which can create conditions __5__ (high) suitable for soil being blown away.What's more, when rain comes, there might not be enough roots and plant cover __6__ (make) the soil stick together, and a landslide can take place.

Most wildfires are caused directly or indirectly __7__ people.Farmers, for example, sometimes burn __8__ (they) fields to deal with wild plants before planting, and the fire can get out of control.Sometimes people are careless when smoking or forget to put out campfires when they go camping.A little spark is sometimes all it takes to start __9__ fire.

If we destroy parts of nature such as forests and mountain plants, we are destroying the natural barriers __10__ protect us from tsunamis, droughts, landslides, floods and other disasters.

1．activities　考查名词复数。根据其后的谓语动词have及语境可知，这里指“一些人类活动”，表示泛指，故填复数形式。

2．is　考查时态和主谓一致。从句描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时；且其主语是soil，故填is。

3．worse　考查形容词比较级。situations指代上文的“水量过多或过少会引起洪灾或旱灾”，根据But和语境可知，此处表达的是比较意义，指人类会让这种情况变得更糟。

4．are planted　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。本句描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时；ones指代trees，谓语动词用复数；又因ones与动词plant之间是被动关系，故填are planted。

5．highly　考查副词。空处作状语，修饰形容词suitable，故填副词形式。

6．to make　考查非谓语动词。空处作定语，说明enough roots and plant cover的作用，故填to make。

7．by　考查介词。根据语境可知，大多数野火都是由人类直接或间接引起的。

8．their　考查代词。空处作定语，修饰名词fields，表示“他们的”，用形容词性物主代词。

9．a　考查冠词。这里指引起一场火灾，是泛指，又因fire的读音以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。

10．that/which　考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句，指代natural barriers，且在从句中作主语，故填that或which。

Ⅴ.应用文写作

假定你是李华，是某国际学校的学生。你校将进行地震应急演练(drill)，需要设计一张英文版的宣传海报(poster)，请写封邮件给你的英国朋友Olivia，请她帮忙设计。内容包括：

1．请求帮忙的原因；2.需要的帮助；3.表示感谢。

注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；

2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

参考范文：

Dear Olivia，

I need to design a poster for an earthquake drill to be held at our school next Friday.I wonder if you would have time to help me with the design.

I know you are good at computer drawing.Would you please design some pictures for me？I'm also having difficulty writing the drill­related words for the poster, so I would be thankful if you could correct my version.

Thank you very much for any help you can provide.I'm looking forward to your reply.

Yours，

Li Hua