2024届高考英语一轮总复习选择性必修第一册Unit5WorkingtheLand单元主题训练

UNIT 5 单元主题训练

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

To deal with a changing world, we have to change as well. Transforming land into farms removes forests and worsens climate change. But we need to grow more food to support a growing global population. What can we do?

Scientists have discovered that plants grow best under a certain type of light, which can be provided by red and blue LEDs. The combination of these lights at the right level makes a space look pink. Since “pinkhouses” supply their own light, they don't need to have fragile glass walls and ceilings. And they can be set up anywhere, including the places that don't get the amount of light greenhouses need.

Since pinkhouses can pack food in huge columns, one of these farms doesn't need a lot of land. Farmers can set up pinkhouses in cities. They completely control temperature and light, which can help some plants grow twice as well in pinkhouses as they do in traditional farming. Pinkhouses can allow for many more harvests per year since farming doesn't have to stop in winter.

Even though pinkhouses are a great way to grow crops, lighting and heating an indoor space can be very expensive. It doesn't make sense to grow foods that take up a lot of space or that we need to grow lots of, like wheat, rice, and corn, in a pinkhouse. We will still need to grow those crops in fields. We can start farming smarter.

Farmers will use satellite imagery to figure out exactly where to plant each crop. Think of a mixture of just the right crops, rather than a rectangle(长方形) of one type of plant. Sensors in the fields will measure the soil's water level, temperature, and chemical content. They will even be able to detect insects and send out notifications to a smartphone app. Irrigation systems will be tied to weather forecasting programs, allowing for very precise watering and care, all calculated to get the best plant growth and yield.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了如何促进农业生产的两个措施：第一个是“粉房子”种植模式，第二个是农民采取更智能的种植模式。

1．From the text, we know that the pinkhouse ________.

A．covers lots of space

B．needs enough sunlight

C．is made of glass or plastic

D．can make plants grow larger

解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They completely ... traditional farming.”可知，“粉房子”可以完全控制温度和光线，这使得一些在“粉房子”里的植物生长得比传统农场里的植物好一倍，所以“粉房子”能使植物长得更大，故选D项。

2．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 4?

A．Summarize the previous paragraphs.

B．Emphasize the advantage of pinkhouses.

C．Introduce a new topic of the discussion.

D．Add some background information.

解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第四段第一句可知，虽然“粉房子”是个种植农作物的好方法，但是光照和加热室内空间费用昂贵，农民依然需要在田野里种粮食，且要采取更智能的种植方式。因此接下来作者将要讨论如何采取更智能的种植方式。由此可知，第四段的目的是提出一个新的讨论话题，故选C项。

3．What is the result of the smart farming?

A．Farmers will have a better harvest.

B．Farmers can grow different plants.

C．Farmers needn't care about the weather.

D．Plants can protect themselves against insects.

解析：选A　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，更智能的种植方式会带来精确的浇灌和照料，以便使植物达到最佳生长状态并获得丰收，故选A项。

4．What's the best title for the text?

A．Building Pinkhouses

B．Feeding the Future

C．Changing the World

D．Getting Outdoor Farming Smart

解析：选B　标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段第二、三句可知，将土地变成农田会使森林消失，导致气候变化恶化，但是人类需要种植更多的食物来供养日益增长的全球人口。因此，全文讲述了促进农业生产的两个措施：第一个为“粉房子”种植模式，第二个是农民采取更智能的种植模式。这两个措施的目的是保障未来粮食的供给，故选B项。

B

Erik Kobayashi­Solomon spent a day with Dr Paul Gauthier, a plant physiologist specializing in vertical farming research and came up with several important ideas about vertical farming.

Humans have 12,000 years of experience growing food, but only a generation's or so worth of experience growing crops indoors. We are still progressing up the technology learning curve (学习曲线). What's more, traditional farming techniques are based on conditions that are not applicable to vertical farming. Therefore, without taking time to understand the science, vertical farming is not likely to be able to live up to its implied promises.

The cost of powering LED grow lights is one of the biggest problems a vertical farm must overcome. Dr Louis Albright at Cornell University has characterized vertical farms as “pie­in­the­sky” businesses. He famously calculates, for instance, that the cost of a loaf of bread would be D|S24 if farmed indoors — the cost is too high. Gauthier acknowledges that energy prices are high but points out that scientific work has shown that only about 6% of available sunlight is used in crop photosynthesis (光合作用), so there may be ways of growing the same plants with less light.

Gauthier also points out that while energy costs are a bit high, vertical farming does create high efficiencies in other areas. Water usage may be significantly reduced because the same water can be recycled time and again. Fertilizer use can be greatly reduced and pesticides for pest control are unnecessary. It's clear that vertical farming offers real value to society.

The future is probably mixed. In some environments — the Middle East, for instance — a move to vertical farming is a no­brainer. An indoor farm in Saudi Arabia, for instance, can use solar energy to power LEDs at low cost without shading out other farmland. In other geography, though, the expense of establishing a facility places a high bar to growth and profitability. A large vertical farming and equipment operation only started generating a small profit eight years into its nine­year life.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了垂直农场的相关信息以及有关垂直农场应用价值的不同看法。

5．What can we infer about vertical farming in Paragraph 2?

A．It will replace traditional farming one day.

B．It relies on research of more basic science.

C．It can be applicable to different conditions.

D．It actually came into being 12,000 years ago.

解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“What's more, traditional farming ... its implied promises.”可知，垂直农业依赖于更多基础科学的研究。故选B项。

6．What does Dr Albright think of vertical farms?

A．They use less light than traditional ones.

B．They may seem very unlikely to succeed.

C．They can overcome many problems in farming.

D．They do not need any natural sunlight any longer.

解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第三段前两句可知，为LED植物生长灯供电的成本是垂直农场必须克服的最大问题之一。康奈尔大学的路易斯·奥尔布赖特博士将垂直农场描述为“空中楼阁”的生意。由此可知，奥尔布赖特博士认为垂直农业似乎不太可能成功。故选B项。

7．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?

A．The ways of reducing costs of vertical farming.

B．The secrets of developing vertical farming.

C．The recent trend of vertical farming.

D．The benefits of vertical farming.

解析：选D　段落大意题。根据第四段最后一句可知，这一段讲述了垂直农业的好处。故选D项。

8．Why is the example of “an indoor farm in Saudi Arabia” mentioned in the last paragraph?

A．To show vertical farming can work well in some places.

B．To prove solar energy is vital for farming in Saudi Arabia.

C．To confirm the expense of setting up a vertical farm is high.

D．To argue vegetables do not need to be imported any longer.

解析：选A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“An indoor farm ... growth and profitability.”可知，文中提到这一实例是为了说明垂直农业系统在某些地方可以很好地运作。故选A项。

Ⅱ.阅读七选五

　　Including children in the farming lifestyle has many benefits.Sure, it is nice to have the additional help with chores (家庭杂务), but it also fosters so much growth, sending our kids down a good path towards who they will someday become.It is possible that our children will grow up to lead lives that do not include farming.__9__

Through caring for farm animals, kids learn that in life others often come before self.__10__ It doesn't matter if we don't feel like it or if we are sick and tired.What matters is that we take care of the animals that take care of us and do so in a timely manner.

__11__ If the work on a farm does not get done, the operation fails.It takes discipline and commitment to get down to business every day, and seeing this in action will give kids a good work attitude.They will know and understand that nothing good comes easy and that they have to work to survive.__12__ Functioning as part of a productive team will surely be playing a crucial role sooner or later in all walks of life.

Additionally, farming teaches patience.__13__ Cattle will be difficult to control.Horses will run away when you try to catch them.Goats will kick over that bucket of hard­earned milk.A rooster will decide you got too close to his hens and give you a run for your money.In spite of all that, kids will learn to be patient and take things easy.

There may not be any instant reward, but in the long­term kids will see the benefit of all their efforts during those hard days.

A．At the same time, they learn to work with others.

B．Farm life also teaches kids the value of hard work.

C．Children learn to be grateful for animals for eating purpose.

D．Teamwork is no longer an important skill to develop and use.

E．There are going to be a lot of days when things do not go your way.

F．However, what they learn on a farm can also be instrumental in their future lives.

G．Animals need to be fed, watered, and cared for before we get to sit down and relax.

9．选F　根据本段第一句可知，让孩子们参与到农场生活中有很多好处；根据空格前一句可知，我们的孩子长大后可能不再需要干农活。下文介绍了农场生活给孩子带来的好处。F项承上启下，符合语境。

10．选G　根据空格前一句可知，通过照顾农场里的动物，孩子们了解到：在生活中，别人往往比自己重要。G项与上文紧密衔接，符合语境。

11．选B　根据空格后一句可知，如果农场的工作没有完成，活动就是失败的。B项能够引出下文，符合语境。

12．选A　根据空格后一句可知，作为一个高效运转的团队的一部分，迟早会在各行各业中发挥重要作用。A项与下文紧密衔接，符合语境。

13．选E　空格后列举了几个在农场劳作时可能会遇到的麻烦。E项能够引出下文，符合语境。

Ⅲ.完形填空

Farming and Gardening

Around 540 AD, Jia Sixie wrote a book called Qimin Yaoshu. It includes advice on the following __14__： growing green vegetables and fruit trees, keeping animals, and fish in lakes. There are also __15__  for making wine. Jia Sixie's book is a(n) __16__ guide for farming. If you sow seeds and __17__  young plants in the fields at the correct time of the year, your work will be less and __18__ will be better. But if you __19__ nature and do things at the wrong time of the year, you will have to do more work and the results will not be so good. The __20__  of the soil is also very important. Examine the soil on your farm __21__. Before sowing or planting crops, you must clean rough ground and __22__  weeds. Let sheep or cows walk on the land to __23__ the weeds or eat them. The best harvest is reached __24__ farmers change the crops in their fields. For example, do not plant rice __25__ in the same field or you won't__26__ good crops. Other scientists said wheat should be planted with __27__ between the plants, but Jia did experiments and __28__ planting wheat close together is better.

语篇解读：本文主要介绍了我国古代农业科学家贾思勰对我国古代农业的研究和贡献。他的耕种方法对我国古代农业起了重要的指导作用。

14．A.programs　　　　　　　　 B．topics

C．subjects  D．events

解析：选C　从语境来看，本句的下文介绍了一些具体的课题，如种菜、养动物等，因此选subject(科目，课题)。

15．A.instructions  B．constructions

C．measures  D．treasures

解析：选A　instructions在此处表示造酒的“指导，说明”。

16．A.economical  B．practical

C．similar  D．regular

解析：选B　practical guide意为“切实可行的指导”。

17．A.drop  B．increase

C．grow  D．throw

解析：选C　grow young plants意为“种植幼苗”。

18．A.dreams  B．ending

C．hope  D．results

解析：选D　result与空格前面的“your work will be less”相对应，表示“工作投入少，而结果更好”。

19．A.argue against  B．go against

C．compete with  D．deal with

解析：选B　go against nature意为“违背自然(规律)”，符合语境。

20．A.application  B．situation

C．condition  D．addition

解析：选C　the condition of the soil表示“土壤的状况”。

21．A.successfully  B．carefully

C．gradually  D．frequently

解析：选B　前句指出土壤状况很重要，本句说明要细心、仔细地检查土壤，因此选carefully。

22．A.remove  B．pull

C．kill  D．reduce

解析：选A　本句告诉读者，种庄稼之前需要平整土地和除草，remove weeds意为“清除杂草”。

23．A.destroy  B．prevent

C．divide  D．limit

解析：选A　让牛羊在地里走是为了摧毁杂草或者吃掉杂草，故选destroy。

24．A.unless  B．if

C．until  D．when

解析：选D　最好的收成是当农民在他们的田地里换农作物的时候。因此选when。

25．A.one after another  B．here and there

C．now and then  D．year after year

解析：选D　year after year意为“年复一年”，此处表示“不在同一块地里年复一年地种同一种庄稼”。

26．A.win  B．collect

C．harvest  D．plant

解析：选C　此处表示“如果每年换种不同的庄稼就会有好收成”。harvest good crops意为“收成好”。

27．A.holes  B．lines

C．space  D．balance

解析：选C　此处表示“种植小麦时，株与株之间要留有空间”，因此选space。

28．A.showed  B．meant

C．intended  D．decided

解析：选A　前面有“Jia did experiments”，因此后面应是实验结果“证明，表明”，因此选showed。

Ⅳ.语法填空

A new study shows that __1__ two countries with the world's __2__ (large) populations are leading the increase in greening on land. The effect comes __3__ (main) from ambitious tree planting programs in China and agriculture in both countries.

China alone accounts __4__ 25% of the global increase in leaf area, but contains only 6.6% of global land area covered in vegetation (植物). The greening in China is from forests (42%) and croplands (32%)．

China's outsized __5__ (contribute) comes in large part from programs __6__ (protect) and expand forests. These programs were developed in an effort to reduce the effects of soil erosion (侵蚀), air pollution and climate change.

Taken all together, the greening of the planet represents an increase in leaf area of plants and trees equal to the area __7__ is covered by all of the Amazon rainforest.

The land area __8__ (use) to grow crops is comparable in China and India and it __9__ (change) very little since the early 2,000s. Yet the countries have greatly increased both their annual total green leaf area __10__ their food production.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界上两个人口大国——中国和印度——在改善土地绿化方面处于领先地位，其主要原因在于中国宏伟的植树计划和两国的农业。

1．the　考查冠词。此处特指“世界上两个人口最多的国家”，two countries后有介词短语with the world's ...修饰，其前要加定冠词，故填the。

2．largest　考查形容词的最高级。此处表示“世界范围内最多的”，故填最高级largest。

3．mainly　考查副词。此空修饰动词短语comes from，应用副词形式，故填mainly。

4．for　考查介词。account for意为“(在数量、比例上)占……”，故填for。

5．contribution　考查名词。设空处在句中作主语，且位于名词所有格China's和形容词outsized后，所以要用其名词形式contribution，意为“贡献”。根据空后的comes可知，此处应用单数形式，故填contribution。

6．to protect　考查非谓语动词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，________ and expand forests作定语，program后常用不定式作后置定语。故填to protect。

7．that/which　考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知，设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是area，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，故填that/which。

8．used　考查非谓语动词，设空处为过去分词形式作后置定语，The land area与use之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故填过去分词used。

9．has changed　考查动词的时态。由时间状语since the early 2,000s判断，此处应用现在完成时，故填has changed。

10．and　考查连词。both ... and ...意为“……和……两者都”，故填and。

Ⅴ.应用文写作

两个月前，你注意到你居住的社区有人乱扔垃圾，为此你向相关部门反映，并利用空闲时间在社区内开展宣传活动，社区环境得到了极大的改善，请就此场景写一篇小短文。

注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；

2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

参考范文：

Two months ago, I noticed that there were some people littering in our community. Therefore, I reported it to the relevant departments and at the same time I spared my free time to carry out various activities to call for the citizens to take care of our living environment.To my great delight, the relevant departments paid attention to the situation and took a series of measures and all the citizens were all very active in protecting our living environment. Gradually, the community environment has been greatly improved.