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2024届高考英语一轮总复习必修第一册Unit4NaturalDisasters教师用书
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UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS
一、阅读词汇——在词块中明义
1．be affected by drought 受旱灾的影响
2．the cracked water pipes 破裂的水管
3．remember words in context 语境记单词
4．an active volcano 一座活火山
5．the crash of metal on metal 金属对金属的碰撞
6．make a summary 做总结
二、表达词汇——在语境中活用
(一)在括号内写出蓝体词汇在语境中的汉语意思
1．The drought and flood disaster is serious in China.(n.灾害)
2．John was rescued from the floods.(vt.营救)
3．Smoking causes serious damage to your health.(n.损害)
4．The accident destroyed all my hopes.(vt.摧毁)
5．The people present at the meeting were deeply affected by the story.(vt.深深打动)
6．The government built shelters for the homeless.(n.避难处；居所)
7．The electricity there was cut off due to tsunami.(n.电；电能)
8．Some of the workers were trapped in the ruins.(vt.使落入险境)
9．The end of the post was buried in the ground.(vt.埋葬)
10．The report shows that we are making some progress but we need to make greater efforts.(n.努力)
11．The local government distributed the food supplies to the victims after the earthquake.(n.补给品)
12．Laughter, for me, is an emergency exit.(n.突发事件；紧急情况)
13．You should stay calm in the face of danger.(adj.镇静的；沉着的)
14．This job would be impossible without the aid of a computer.(n.援助；帮助)
15．She waved her hand to say goodbye.(vt.挥动)
16．A massive 8.0 magnitude earthquake struck that area.(vt.侵袭)
17．How can a speaker make himself more persuasive when delivering a speech？(vt.发表)
(二)写出蓝体词汇的语境之义及拓展形式
1．We were all shocked at the shocking news he brought us.(adj.震惊的adj.令人震惊的)
拓展：shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克
2．He breathed deeply before speaking again.(vi.呼吸)
拓展：breath n．呼吸
3．She's suffering from loss of memory.(vi.受苦)
拓展：suffering n．折磨；苦难
4．The man was very ill, but he survived.(vi.存活)
拓展：survival n．幸存→survivor n．幸存者
5．I'll do everything in my power to prepare well for the coming final exam.(n.力量)
拓展：powerful adj.强大的；有力的→powerless adj.无力的；没有能力的
6．Smoking has a bad effect on your health, so you'd better give it up.(n.影响)
拓展：effective adj.有效果的
三、词块短语——在语境中辨义活用
(写出加黑部分在语境中的汉语意思)
1．The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake.严重受损；破败不堪
2．The boy stood there in great shock.震惊；吃惊
3．It is quite pleasant to drink tea with several friends in the open air.露天；在户外
4．He has too much work on hand.现有
5．All good things must come to an end, however beautiful an experience is.结束
6．A storm is coming! Tie things down before they blow away！吹走
四、经典句式——在佳句背诵中品悟规则用法
1.
教材原句
Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings.(too ...to ...太……而不能……)
鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食；狗拒绝进入屋内。
写作亮句
①(2018·北京高考书面表达)As the old saying goes, “It's never too late to learn.”
正如谚语所说，“活到老，学到老。”
②Her life was too full to find time for hobbies.
她的生活太忙，没有业余爱好的时间。
文化典句
It is too late to grieve when the chance is past. 坐失良机，后悔已迟。
2.
教材原句
It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！(as if引导表语从句或方式状语从句)
仿佛世界末日即将来临！
写作亮句
①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)My respectable head teacher treats me as if she were my mother.
我尊敬的班主任像我的母亲一样对待我。
②He spoke English perfectly as if he had lived in England for many years.
他英语讲得非常完美，好像在英国居住了很多年似的。
3.
教材原句
I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.(be doing ...when ...正在做……这时……)
当时我和三个孩子正在吃早饭，海水开始灌入屋内。
写作亮句
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)She was wondering about it when the father turned up and told his wife about how the twins had made preparations to give her a surprise.
她正在疑惑，这时这位爸爸出现了，告诉妻子这对双胞胎为了给她一个惊喜是如何做准备的。
4.
教材原句
Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured. (“分数/百分数＋of＋复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数)
城里三分之二的居民在地震中死亡或受伤。
写作亮句
40% of students are good at language in our class.我们班40%的学生擅长语言。
五、“续写”片段——在背诵中品悟如何写靓写美
动作描写之动“嘴”
I was still recalling the splendid scenery when we were in my grandparents' living room.David excitedly narrated our experience, eyes blazing with enthusiasm.Worries came to his forehead when he explained the troubles.A smile lifted the corner of his mouth when it came to camping.Suddenly Mum shouted out in a strange voice.Haunted by a strong sense of horror, I heard Mum screaming, “I forgot the tent！”
当我们在祖父母的客厅时，我仍在回忆那壮丽的景色。大卫兴奋地讲述了我们的经历，眼睛里充满了热情。当他解释麻烦事时，担忧就浮现在他的额头。说到露营时，他嘴角露出了笑容。突然，妈妈用一种奇怪的声音大喊。在一种强烈的恐惧感的驱使下，我听到妈妈尖叫着：“我忘了带帐篷了！”
[点评] 本段中使用了 narrate our experience, eyes blazing with enthusiasm, explain, A smile lifted the corner of his mouth, shout out in a strange voice, scream 等各种各样的“嘴”之动作， 生动形象地勾勒出了一个旅游后意犹未尽又出其不意的画面。
1．rescue n．& vt.营救；救援
[题点全练](单句语法填空)
①Tom rescued a boy from the river on his way home.
②When we were trapped in the ruins, the soldiers came to our (we) rescue.
[系统归纳]
go/come to sb.'s rescue＝rescue sb. 救援某人
rescue ...from ... 把……从……营救出来
2．effort n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
[题点全练](单句语法填空/完成句子)
①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)My English teacher spares no effort to_help (help) me with my English.
②The local clubs are making an effort to interest more young volunteers.
③Another reason why we should never give up is that we can learn from our mistakes only_if_we_make_every_effort.
另一个我们永不放弃的原因是：只有尽一切努力，我们才能从错误中学习。
[系统归纳]
make an effort to do sth. 努力做某事
spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力地做某事
make every effort 尽一切努力
3．suffer vt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
[题点全练](单句语法填空/完成句子)
①(2020·天津7月高考书面表达)It is true that we may suffer from failure from time to time. However, it is important that we never lose the enthusiasm to keep on trying.
②There is no denying that our_Earth_is_suffering_severe_damage.
不可否认，我们的地球正遭受着严重的破坏。
[系统归纳]
suffer from 受……折磨；患……病
suffer pain/defeat/hardship/damage 遭受痛苦/失败/艰难/破坏
4．supply n．供应(量)；补给；[pl.]补给品vt.供应；供给
[题点全练](单句语法填空)
①Moreover, the competition will supply you with a chance to develop your creativity and build friendship with other students.
②The natural resources, such as coal and oil, are in short supply in this country.
③Since we'll be walking for almost two weeks, I'll need to buy large supplies of_food and water in advance.
[系统归纳]
(1)supply sb. with sth.＝supply sth. to sb. 向某人提供某物
(2)be in short supply 短缺
a large supply of/large supplies of 大量……的供应
5．survive vi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度过
[题点全练](单句语法填空)
①(2021·全国甲卷)The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has_survived(survive) China's long history.
②I don't know how you all manage to survive on Jeremy's salary.
③As far as I know，the old lady survived her husband by 5 years.
[系统归纳]
survive sth. 幸免于；从……中挺/活过来
survive on 依靠……存活下来
A survive B (by ...) A比B活得长(……)
6．power n．电力供应；能量；力量；控制力
[题点全练](单句语法填空/完成句子)
①He has been in power for two years，and made great achievements.
②It has been five years since he came into/to power.
③(2021年8省联考卷)He tries to make the audience believe that he has the power to_do(do)things which are against the laws of nature.
④Unfortunately, it's beyond my power to get through the work in such a short time.
⑤(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I_will_do_all/everything_in_my_power_to_live up to your expectations.
我将竭尽全力不辜负你的期望。
[系统归纳]
be in power 执政；掌权
come to/into power 掌权；上台
have the power to do sth. 有能力做某事
beyond one's power 某人力所不能及的
do all/everything in one's power to do sth. 尽力而为做某事；竭尽全力做某事
1．affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动
[题点全练](单句语法填空)
①Many young people were affected by his story. They began to do volunteer work for the disabled.
②Affected with high fever, he continued with his work.
[进阶学习]
系统归纳
be affected by 受……的影响；被……感动
be affected with 感染……疾病
难点释解
(1)affect与effect仅一字母之差，词性却不同。名词effect的常用搭配为“have an effect on”。
(2) “被深深地感动”的其他常用表达：be deeply moved；be deeply touched；在使用这些动词短语的非谓语形式作状语时，常常使用其过去分词形式。
(3)have an affection for意为“喜欢……”，与动词affect本意相差甚远。
[练重难点]
介词填空
③I have much affection for_my mum, whose words and actions have a positive effect on me.
句型转换(把①句改为非谓语动词短语作状语)
④Affected_by_his_story,_many young people began to do volunteer work for the disabled.
2．ruin n．& vt.破坏；毁坏
[题点全练](单句语法填空)
①With time going on, the castle which once was very beautiful is now completely in ruins.
②Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being_reduced (reduce) to ruins, the city took on a new look.
[进阶学习]
系统归纳
lie/be in ruins 成为废墟
be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟
辨析比较
(1)ruin多用于借喻中，指毁坏价值、用途等。它还可作名词，常用短语：in ruins，意为“严重受损，破败不堪”；
(2)damage表示不是完全毁坏，损坏部分能修复。damage作名词时，常用短语do/cause damage to，意为“对……造成损害”；
(3)destroy指彻底毁坏以致很难修复，其名词是destruction
[练重难点]
选词填空(destroy, damage, ruin)
③Many buildings were completely destroyed in the earthquake.
④It takes twenty years to build a reputation and five minutes to ruin it.
⑤The sun can damage your skin.
3．shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.(使)震惊
[题点全练](单句语法填空)
①I looked at my husband in shock, waiting for him to tell me that I had misunderstood everything. But he only shook his head.
②I was shocked to_hear (hear) that the old castle had been destroyed.
③All of us were shocked at/by the news that many deaths had been caused by the heavy rain.
[进阶学习]
系统归纳
(1)in shock 震惊；吃惊
(2)shocked adj. 震惊的；惊讶的
be shocked at/by 对……吃惊
be shocked to do sth. 做某事很吃惊
(3)shocking adj. 令人震惊的
难点解释
(1)可数名词shock意为“一件让人震惊的事情”，常用词块a great shock to sb.意为“让某人极为震惊的事情”。
(2)shocked表示人的心理状态和心理感受； shocking说明事物的性质、特征、特点等。
[练重难点]
选词填空(shocked/shocking)/完成句子
④The survivors lay on the beach, exhausted and shocked.
⑤Don't mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may give away the shocking_ending.
⑥The news was_a_great_shock to the poor girl and she started to cry.(shock n．)
这个消息让这个可怜的女孩震惊了，她开始哭了起来。
4．bury vt.埋葬；安葬；使沉浸；使专心
[题点全练](单句语法填空)
①The young man, who also seemed deeply buried in thought, raised his eyes.
②The girl was sitting there，burying (bury) her face in her hands.
[进阶学习]
系统归纳
be buried in thought 沉思
bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面
难点释解
(1)bury 用作“使沉浸；使专心”之意时，其后常接反身代词作宾语或使用被动语态，搭配为：bury oneself in/be buried in(埋头于；专心于)
(2)表示“专心于；致力于”的其他常用短语：be devoted to；be absorbed/engaged in；focus on；fix/concentrate one's attention on等
[练重难点](单句语法填空/句型转换)
③He sat at a wooden table and was_buried (bury) in reading.
④He buried himself (he) in his book and completely forgot the time.
⑤He sat at a wooden table, buried_in_reading.(用分词短语作状语改写③句)
⑥Burying_himself_in_his_book，he completely forgot the time.(用分词短语作状语改写④句)
5．strike vi.& vt.侵袭；突击；击打n.罢工；罢课；袭击
[题点全练](单句语法填空)
①Struck (strike) by the beauty of the West Lake, we stopped to admire it.
②Meeting my dear teachers and fellow students after so many years was indeed a warm occasion, one I'd strike into my heart forever.
[进阶学习]
系统归纳
be struck by 被……打动/迷住
strike ... into one's heart 使……刻骨铭心
易错提醒
It strikes sb. that ... 某人突然想起……
sth. strike sb. 某人突然想起某事
sb. strike on sth. 某人突然想起某事
以上三个句型，在英汉表达上存在着很大差异。
[练重难点](完成句子/一句多译)
③It_struck_me_that_I would have an important meeting in Shanghai the next day.
我突然想起来明天在上海有一个重要的会议。
④我突然想起了一个好主意。
→A_good_idea_struck_me.
→I_struck_on_a_good_idea.
6．come to an end结束；终结
[题点全练](完成句子)
①How time flies！Two weeks went by before we realized that our exchange activity _was_is_coming_to_an_end.
时光飞逝！两周已过，我们才恍然意识到交流活动即将要结束。
[进阶学习]
系统归纳
(1)at the end of 在……尽头；在……末端
by the end of 到……结束时；到……时候为止(常与完成时态连用)
in the end 最后；终于
(2)put/bring ...to an end/put an end to ... 使……结束
(3)make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵；量入为出
辨析比较
come to an end意为“结束”，是不及物动词短语，不能跟宾语，主语通常是物；而put an end to ...与bring ...to an end意为“使……结束”，均为及物动词短语，后须跟宾语，主语通常为人。
[练重难点]
选词填空(come to an end/bring ...to an end/put an end to ...)
②The director brought the film to_an_end in an amazing way.
③The meeting came_to_an_end and we all set down many key points.
④Eventually, they put_an_end_to the quarrel and reached an agreement.
1．as if引导表语从句或方式状语从句
[用法规则]
as if＝as though，意为“似乎；好像；仿佛”，在句中引导表语从句或方式状语从句。
(1)如果所引导的从句表示的是真实的或极有可能发生的情况时，从句要用陈述语气。
(2)当说话人所陈述的是不真实的或极少可能发生或存在的情况时，从句用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反，用一般过去时(be动词用were)；与过去事实相反，用had done；与将来事实相反，用would/could/might＋动词原形。
(3)as though/if引导的从句中的主语和主句主语一致，且含有be动词时，从句中的主语和be动词常常可以省略。
[应用体验](完成句子/句型转换)
①Hurry up! It looks as if the train is_going_to_move.
快点！看起来好像火车要开了。
②It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as_if_I_had_done_it?
打破窗户的是约翰。为什么你给我谈话好像是我打破的似的？
③The kids are very friendly with her and even look up to her as_if_she_were_their_
own_mother.
孩子们对她很友好，甚至把她当亲生母亲一样尊敬她。
④The old man was lying on the ground as if he was badly hurt.
→The old man was lying on the ground as if badly_hurt.(状语从句的省略)
2．be doing ...when ...正在做……这时……
[用法规则]
(1)be about to do sth.when ...＝be on the point of doing sth.when ...正要做某事，这时……
(2)had (just) done sth.when ...刚做完某事，这时……
[应用体验](完成句子/句型转换)
①She was_walking_along_the_bank_of_the_river_when she heard a cry for help.
她正沿着河岸走，这时她听到一阵呼救声。
②I had_just_turned_on_the_computer_when my parents came back.
我刚刚打开电脑，这时我父母回来了。
③Seated in the classroom, I was on the point of taking my books out when suddenly I became frozen.
→Seated in the classroom, I was_about_to_take_my_books_out_when suddenly I became frozen.
“自然灾害与防范”主题与我们的生活息息相关。了解自然灾害，积极应对自然灾害，掌握与自然灾害相关的安全常识和防范措施，树立防灾意识和自我保护意识，对我们来说尤其重要。该主题有利于引导学生重视自然灾害，树立环保意识和灾害防范意识。
Stars after the Storm
(节选自外研版教材必修第三册UNIT 6)
After the hurricane, we were homeless and my cat, Smartie, disappeared.(背景提示：飓风过后，失去家园和猫咪)
❶Living in the open air, we became breakfast, lunch and dinner for the mosquitos.❷But Mum said that whatever happens, we should always try to see the good side of things.It was difficult to stay positive, though.We had lost our home and everything in it, including Smartie.All we had left were the clothes on our backs.But as Mum kept on reminding us, we were all together and safe.Mum's words made us feel better.I remember us all lying under the midnight sky and looking up at the stars.Because there were no lights, we could see the Big Dipper, the Little Dipper and the Milky Way.It was amazing！Even though we had lost a lot, moments like those gave us hope for the future.(灾难后的彷徨和妈妈的鼓励)
Although it was only a few days before we were rescued, it felt like months.We were taken to another town in a faraway county.Thankfully, Smartie came home just in time.We were so happy to take him with us, although then, none of us knew that we wouldn't be back for quite a while (几天后：获得救援)．
Now, one year has passed and I'm back home in New Orleans.❸Some families have yet to return, but many others have come back.Although we are surrounded by reminders of the disaster, we are working together to rebuild our homes and our lives.Now we have another chance to look up at the stars of New Orleans, their beauty inspiring us and giving us confidence to move on.(一年后：重建家园)
由教材学写法
1．学亮点词汇
第一段中使用两个but和一个though形象地描写了灾难之后失去家园和猫咪的痛苦和妈妈的不断鼓励，为下文提到星空和希望做了铺垫；在描写星空时用了amazing一词，写出了作者对生活重新燃起了希望。第二段中的thankfully一词道出了作者对猫咪回家的欣喜之情。第三段中的inspire和move on写出了星空之美鼓舞着“我们”，让“我们”有信心继续前行，重建美好生活。
2．学高级句式
句❷运用whatever引导的让步状语从句，强调了“无论发生什么，我们都应该看到事情好的一面”。
句❸是一个but连接的并列句，意在强调but后第二分句的内容——有许多人已经回来了。强调了人们重建家园的努力，突显了希望。
3．学行文逻辑
本文是一篇记叙文。作者按照时间顺序讲述了自己一次灾难过后的经历。飓风过后，无家可归→几天后获救→一年后，重建家园。贯穿文章的还有人物心理的变化，从最初的慌乱、悲观到与猫咪重逢的喜悦再到对新生活的信心。另外，对星空的数次描写，对于情节开展起到了推动的作用，整篇文章写景叙事抒情融为一体。
4．学修辞手法
句❶中，作者将他们一家人比作蚊子的一日三餐，使读者对其当时所处的恶劣环境留下了鲜明的印象，既令文章更生动，又容易引起读者共鸣。
Ⅰ.多积词块——丰富表达方式
1．donate ...to ... 向……捐赠……
2．come to one's rescue 前来营救某人
3．be trapped in ruins 被困在废墟中
4．rebuild one's home 重建某人的家园
5．take measures/steps to do sth. 采取措施做某事
6．be/become aware of/that ... 意识到……
7．to make matters worse 更糟糕的是
8．thanks to 因为，由于，幸亏
9．be faced with 面临
10．wipe out 彻底摧毁
11．fight with 与……作斗争
12．recover from 从……中恢复
13．a strong will 坚强的意志
14．suffer from 遭受
15．in harmony with nature 与自然和谐相处
16．helping hands 援手
Ⅱ.多积佳句——彰显表达功底
1．A severe earthquake destroyed almost everything, leaving badly damaged buildings.
一场剧烈的地震几乎毁了一切，留下了严重受损的建筑物。
2．Sometimes a smile is so powerful that it gives people suffering from disasters great courage.
有时候，微笑会如此有力量，以至于它给遭受灾难的人以巨大的勇气。
3．The earthquake caused structural damage to most of the buildings in the town.
这次地震给城镇的大部分建筑造成了结构性的破坏。
4．The country has provided food and clothes for the homeless people in the disasterstricken areas.
这个国家已经为灾区无家可归的人们提供了食品和衣物。
5．Having realized the great harm caused by the haze and the importance of protecting the environment, people all over the country are taking measures to reduce the hazy weather.
由于意识到了雾霾造成的严重危害和保护环境的重要性，全国人民正采取措施减少雾霾天气。
6．Recent years have seen a big increase in natural disasters, such as earthquakes, hurricanes and floods, which are big threats to people's lives.
最近几年自然灾害频发，例如地震、飓风和洪水，严重地威胁着人们的生命。
7．People have realized the great harm caused by the smog and the importance of protecting the environment.
人们已经意识到雾霾引起的危害和保护环境的重要性。
8．Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world, changing some living patterns.
全球变暖正对世界各地成百上千的动植物物种产生巨大的影响，改变了一些生活模式。
一、作文仿写出亮篇
假定你是李华，你从电视新闻上得知你的土耳其朋友西琳(Shirin)所在的城市发生了地震。请你给她写一封信，要求80词左右，内容包括：
1．询问是否安好；
2．地震带来的影响(发生5.6级地震，造成1人死亡，69人受伤)；
3．愿意尽力提供帮助。
Dear_Shirin，
How_are_you_doing?_When_I_watched_the_news_on_TV,_I_learned_that_a_terrible_earthquake_happened_in_your_city._I_was_really_concerned_about_you_and_your_family.
I'm_so_sorry_to_hear_about_the_disaster._One_person_was_killed,_69_others_were_injured_after_a_5.6_magnitude_quake_hit_your_city._Besides,_lots_of_buildings_fell_down._I_hope_that_none_of_your_family_members_was_injured.
Please_don't_be_worried._Everything_will_be_fine._If_you_need_any_help,_please_let_me_know._As_one_of_your_best_friends,_I_will_do_what_I_can_to_help_you.
Yours_sincerely，
Li_Hua
二、续写语段思维活
结合主题，根据下面给出的开头语和前文情节脉络续写一个80词左右的片段。
前文情节脉络：巨大的龙卷风袭击了密苏里州，“我”父母的家被严重损坏→当“我”的父母安全离开后，他们希望“我”能保存一些他们的书和照片→不幸的是，雨不停地落在“我”想要保护的书和照片上，一切似乎都无望了→一个瘦弱的老人出现在“我”身边，帮助“我”挽救了这些珍贵的书和照片。
Suddenly, out of nowhere, a thin, elderly man appeared by my side.
参考范文：
Suddenly, out of nowhere, a thin, elderly man appeared by my side.Shocked, I took a step back, but he said in a comforting voice, “Everything is going to be alright.” He told me he heard about the disaster and came to help.Seeing everything inside was going to be ruined, he went through the rain toward the house, trying to get a cover over the house.I was placing several photo albums and books into plastic bags for protection from the rain when I realized it was no longer raining in the house.Looking up, I saw rubberylooking material covering the roof.He'd done it.I was so grateful for his help because now I could save more of my parents' cherished possessions.The man was a light in the darkness.
课时作业(一) 语篇阅读训练——保准度
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2023·德阳二模)After being attacked by Hurricane Ida's 150 mph winds and torrential rains, hundreds of thousands of Gulf Coast residents were left without power and fresh water this week as a 100degree heat wave settled over the region.Ida smashed into Louisiana as a Category 4 hurricane, ripping off roofs, knocking out transmission lines, flooding roads, and reducing some brick buildings in downtown New Orleans to rubble.At least eight people died in the storm and the_toll is expected to rise as emergency workers search wrecked homes and businesses.
One of the most powerful hurricanes to ever hit the US mainland, Ida brought a 5 to 12foot storm surge that covered lowlying communities in southeastern Louisiana.Grand Isle is now “uninhabitable”， said Parish President Cynthia Lee Sheng, with 3 feet of sand covering the entire barrier island and 40 percent of the buildings completely destroyed.
The storm caused a citywide blackout in New Orleans, but a Hurricane Katrinalevel disaster was avoided there, thanks in part to the D|S14.5 billion spent on new levees, seawalls, and pumps after the 2005 storm.Experts are warning that Ida could worsen the Covid crisis in the Gulf Coast, as residents crowd together in homes and emergency shelters without immediate access to testing or medical care.ICUs in Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama hospitals were already near capacity before the storm hit.Nearly 1 million people are still without power across Louisiana, and authorities warned it could be weeks before electricity is restored.“If you have already evacuated，” said Gov.John Bel Edwards, “do not return here.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了飓风艾达给墨西哥湾沿岸居民造成的破坏，以及人们灾后重建的情况。
1．Which of the following best describes Hurricane Ida?
A．Mild. B．Destructive.
C．Uncontrollable. D．Impressive.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Ida smashed into Louisiana as a Category 4 hurricane ... as emergency workers search wrecked homes and businesses.”可推知，飓风艾达极具破坏性。故选B。
2．What do the underlined words “the toll” mean in Paragraph 1?
A．The death number. B．The heat wave.
C．The wind speed. D．The citywide blackout.
解析：选A 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“At least eight people died in the storm”以及后文“is expected to rise as emergency workers search wrecked homes and businesses”可知，至少有8人在风暴中死亡，且随着紧急救援人员搜索被毁的房屋和企业，预计死亡人数还会上升。画线词意思是“死亡人数”。故选A。
3．What is one of the reasons for Grand Isle to be uninhabitable?
A．The entire island is covered with sand.
B．It is one of the lowlying communities.
C．The residents there can't wait to leave.
D．Over half of its buildings were in ruins.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Grand Isle is now ‘uninhabitable，’ said Parish President Cynthia ... completely destroyed.”可知，这个地方不适合居住的原因之一是整个岛被沙子覆盖了。故选A。
4．What can be inferred about the attitude of Gov.John Bel Edwards towards the prospect of Louisiana?
A．Ambitious. B．Undoubted.
C．Indifferent. D．Unconfident.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“‘If you have already evacuated，’ said Gov.John Bel Edwards，‘do not return here.’”可推知，John Bel Edwards州长对路易斯安那州的前景持不自信的态度。故选D。
B
(2023·石家庄模拟)The moment the ground stops shaking after an earthquake, some people may wonder whether their pets—or wild animals for that matter—knew the disaster was coming.
To get to the bottom of this question, Heiko Woith, a scientist at the German Research Centre for Geosciences, and his colleagues evaluated more than 700 published reports of unusual behavior among 130 species, including insects, birds, fish, cats, dogs and cattle from 160 earthquakes.The records included all kinds of behaviors, including a tiger that reportedly got depressed before an earthquake.
The researchers found that 90 percent of all reported cases happened within 62 miles of the epicenter (震中) and within 60 days of an earthquake.Then, they examined when and where foreshocks had happened in the region and concluded that it was hard to say these animals could predict the earthquake itself.They were just responding to foreshocks.
“The spacetime pattern of animal precursors (预兆) and foreshocks is strikingly similar，” Woith said.“From this, we concluded that the abnormal animal behavior might simply be related to foreshocks.These animals are just responding to foreshocks rather than predicting the earthquake.They don't have super power.”
Despite the vast number of incidences, good information was little and scientific evidence is lacking.“A major surprise for us was that the large majority of the published claims were built on poor observational data, which did not stand as statistical scientific proof，” Woith said.
To better study whether animals can predict earthquakes, Woith and his colleagues suggested that researchers ask a number of yesorno questions in any upcoming experiments, including “Is the experimental setup and monitoring procedure clearly described and reproducible？” and “Is it proven that the animal behavior is really unusual？”
Meanwhile, humans are working on technologies that can detect earthquakes seconds before they hit.Hopefully, we will have such devices to warn people that the earthquake is coming.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。尽管每次地震过后总有动物异常行为的报道，然而动物能够预测地震这种结论缺乏科学依据。动物的异常行为只能说明对前震有所反应，并不能说明它们可以预测地震。
5．How did Woith conduct the study?
A．By analyzing former reports.
B．By observing animals' behavior.
C．By collecting data in the earthquake.
D．By comparing animals' different responses.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，Woith评估了很多动物异常行为的报告，从而去指导研究。故选A。
6．What is Woith's new finding?
A．Tigers become depressed easily.
B．Certain animals have super power.
C．Some animals can react to foreshocks.
D．Animals in the same area act similarly.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第三段内容和第四段中“From ... the earthquake.They don't have super power.”可知，并没有足够的证据说明动物能够预测地震，但是它们会对前震有反应。故选C项。
7．What surprised the scientists in the study?
A．All reported cases took place in the same area.
B．There were too many reports about foreshocks.
C．Some animals act strangely before earthquakes.
D．The previous reports lack accurate data support.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“A major surprise ... scientific proof”可知，之前的观点大多都是建立在观察数据基础之上的，不能作为科学证据。故选D项。
8．What is mainly talked about in the passage?
A．How animals behave in earthquakes.
B．Whether animals can predict earthquakes.
C．What is the link between animals and earthquakes.
D．Why people study animals' behavior in earthquakes.
解析：B 主旨大意题。根据第一段和最后一段内容可知，文章在讨论动物是否具有预测地震的超能力。故选B项。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
A powerful magnitude 7.1 temblor rocked Southern California on July 5, 2019, just 34 hours after a magnitude 6.4 earthquake hit the same area.This latest event was widely felt. __9__ Aftershocks are expected to continue.
Earthquakes are also called temblors.__10__ It's hard to imagine they happen by the thousands every day around the world, usually in the form of small tremors.Some 80% of all the planet's earthquakes happen along the rim (边缘) of the Pacific Ocean.__11__ That is because of a lot of volcanic activity there, as well.
Scientists give a magnitude rating to earthquakes based on the strength and duration of their seismic (地震的) waves.A magnitude of 3 to 4.9 is considered minor or light; 5 to 6.9 is moderate (中等的) to strong; 7 to 7.9 is major; and 8 or more is great.
__12__ Some 10,000 people die in earthquakes every year.Earthquakes may also lead to other natural disasters.Smaller temblors that usually happen in the days following a large earthquake can cause further death and damage.__13__
A．It is called the “Ring of Fire”．
B．They can cause huge damage.
C．Protect yourself as quickly as possible.
D．In fact, a magnitude 8 quake strikes somewhere every year.
E．Loss of life can be avoided through planning and education.
F．One important way is to try to make your home as safe as possible.
G．It caused several fires and damage to buildings and roads in Ridgecrest and nearby.
语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章以2019年发生在加利福尼亚州的地震为例介绍了地震的相关知识。
9．选G 上文中提到加利福尼亚州发生了7.1级地震，G项指出了此次地震所造成的结果，其中的It指代上文中的“A powerful magnitude 7.1 temblor”。
10．选B B项中的They指代上文中的Earthquakes，B项中的“cause huge damage”与下文中的“It's hard to imagine they happen”语义上形成连贯，指出地震的危害。
11．选A 下文中的“a lot of volcanic activity there”解释了A项中“Ring of Fire”——环太平洋火山带的含义。
12．选D D项承接上文中的“8 or more is great”，与下文中的“Some 10,000 people die in earthquakes every year”之间是并列关系，指出了全球每年地震发生的概况。
13．选E 上句提到大地震之后发生的震级较小的地震会造成进一步的死亡与损失。E项指出了避免造成这一损失的方法与措施。
Ⅲ.完形填空
Every family should have an emergency kit in their home.If there is an earthquake or a hurricane, for example, there could be a __14__ cut, or the water could get polluted.You might be __15__ at your home for several days because of a storm or a flood.Having an emergency kit __16__ could help if anything like this __17__.
Your emergency kit might include the following __18__：
The first aid kit should include alcohol, cotton wool, bandages, painkillers, clean bottled water and burn ointment.
It is __19__ to keep nonperishable (不易腐坏的) food supplies.In other words, food that won't spoil (变质) out of the fridge，such as canned food.There should be __20__ food for three days.It is better if the food does not have to be cooked.Don't __21__ the can opener!
It's a good __22__ for each family member to have a __23__ change of clothes, including waterproof shoes and a raincoat, as well as some warm blankets in case you have to __24__ outdoors, just as if you were camping!
Other things you can __25__ the kit are: flashlight and spare batteries, paper and pencils, mobile radio, matches and candles.Don't forget these things need to be checked regularly to be sure that they __26__ well.Check the expiry (期满) __27__ on any canned food.You can also put in a backpack some of the things that are __28__ to you, such as a toy or something else that you care about.
语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章介绍了准备应急包的重要性以及应急包里应该放置哪些东西。
14．A.paper B．price C．knife D．power
解析：选D 设空处与下文中的“the water could get polluted”应该是发生地震或者飓风之后可能会出现的结果。只有a power cut(断电)符合语境。
15．A.relaxed B．alone C．stuck D．free
解析：选C 由下文中的“at your home”可知，你受灾不得不困在家里好几天。stuck(被困)符合语境，说明是一种无奈之举。
16．A.clean B．prepared
C．open D．paid
解析：选B 由本段的中心句“Every family should have an emergency kit in their home.”以及上文列举的情况可知，这里是说当上述灾难“发生(happens)”时，“准备(prepared)”好应急包的必要性。
17．A.happens B．changes
C．stops D．chooses
解析：选A 参见上题解析。
18．A.plans B．tips
C．disasters D．supplies
解析：选D 下文提到的急救药箱、不容易腐坏的食物和备用衣服都是应急包里应该有的东西。故supplies(补给品)符合语境。
19．A.unspeakable B．reusable
C．advisable D．admirable
解析：选C 由上文中的“Your emergency kit might include”可知，不易腐坏的食物是作者认为需要放在应急包里的东西。故advisable(明智的)符合语境。
20．A.some B．enough C．hot D．delicious
解析：选B 根据常识可知，这里应该指准备好够三天的食物，以备不时之需。
21．A.forget B．bring C．try D．buy
解析：选A 由上文中的“canned food”及常识可知，准备罐头食品，自然也要准备开罐器。故这里表示不要忘记准备开罐器。
22．A.dream B．excuse C．idea D．chance
解析：选C 为每个家庭成员准备好这些东西是个不错的主意。
23．A.sudden B．daily
C．spare D．real
解析：选C 根据常识可知，应急包放置的衣服应该是为家人准备好可替换的衣服。故选spare，表示“备用的”。
24．A.sleep B．tour C．run D．cook
解析：选A 由下文中的“as if you were camping”可知，就像野营时一样，毯子的作用是保暖，以在户外休息时御寒。
25．A.take in B．get in C．turn in D．put in
解析：选D 由上文中的“Your emergency kit might include”可知，这里指应急包里还应该放置的其他东西。put in ...意为“把……放到……里”。
26．A.play B．work C．deliver D．know
解析：选B 定期检查应急包里所含物品的目的是要确保这些应急的物品能用。work表示“奏效，起作用”。
27．A.date B．notice
C．law D．value
解析：选A 根据常识可知，食物是有保质期的。因此这里指罐装食物包装盒上的有效期。
28．A.boring B．important
C．new D．acceptable
解析：选B 根据常识及下文中的“such as a toy or something else that you care about”可知，放入应急包里的东西应是对你重要的。
Ⅳ.语法填空
Natural phenomena (现象) can sometimes strike very hard and cause disasters if effective measures have not been taken or if some human __1__ (activity) have harmed the natural environment.
For example, too much water that the soil __2__ (be) unable to take in can cause floods, while too little water in some areas can lead to drought.But people can make situations __3__ (bad), for example, when trees are cut down and no new ones __4__ (plant)．This makes the soil very dry, which can create conditions __5__ (high) suitable for soil being blown away.What's more, when rain comes, there might not be enough roots and plant cover __6__ (make) the soil stick together, and a landslide can take place.
Most wildfires are caused directly or indirectly __7__ people.Farmers, for example, sometimes burn __8__ (they) fields to deal with wild plants before planting, and the fire can get out of control.Sometimes people are careless when smoking or forget to put out campfires when they go camping.A little spark is sometimes all it takes to start __9__ fire.
If we destroy parts of nature such as forests and mountain plants, we are destroying the natural barriers __10__ protect us from tsunamis, droughts, landslides, floods and other disasters.
1．activities 考查名词复数。根据其后的谓语动词have及语境可知，这里指“一些人类活动”，表示泛指，故填复数形式。
2．is 考查时态和主谓一致。从句描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时；且其主语是soil，故填is。
3．worse 考查形容词比较级。situations指代上文的“水量过多或过少会引起洪灾或旱灾”，根据But和语境可知，此处表达的是比较意义，指人类会让这种情况变得更糟。
4．are planted 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。本句描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时；ones指代trees，谓语动词用复数；又因ones与动词plant之间是被动关系，故填are planted。
5．highly 考查副词。空处作状语，修饰形容词suitable，故填副词形式。
6．to make 考查非谓语动词。空处作定语，说明enough roots and plant cover的作用，故填to make。
7．by 考查介词。根据语境可知，大多数野火都是由人类直接或间接引起的。
8．their 考查代词。空处作定语，修饰名词fields，表示“他们的”，用形容词性物主代词。
9．a 考查冠词。这里指引起一场火灾，是泛指，又因fire的读音以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。
10．that/which 考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句，指代natural barriers，且在从句中作主语，故填that或which。
Ⅴ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，是某国际学校的学生。你校将进行地震应急演练(drill)，需要设计一张英文版的宣传海报(poster)，请写封邮件给你的英国朋友Olivia，请她帮忙设计。内容包括：
1．请求帮忙的原因；2.需要的帮助；3.表示感谢。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
Dear Olivia，
I need to design a poster for an earthquake drill to be held at our school next Friday.I wonder if you would have time to help me with the design.
I know you are good at computer drawing.Would you please design some pictures for me？I'm also having difficulty writing the drillrelated words for the poster, so I would be thankful if you could correct my version.
Thank you very much for any help you can provide.I'm looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
一、阅读词汇——在词块中明义
1．be affected by drought 受旱灾的影响
2．the cracked water pipes 破裂的水管
3．remember words in context 语境记单词
4．an active volcano 一座活火山
5．the crash of metal on metal 金属对金属的碰撞
6．make a summary 做总结
二、表达词汇——在语境中活用
(一)在括号内写出蓝体词汇在语境中的汉语意思
1．The drought and flood disaster is serious in China.(n.灾害)
2．John was rescued from the floods.(vt.营救)
3．Smoking causes serious damage to your health.(n.损害)
4．The accident destroyed all my hopes.(vt.摧毁)
5．The people present at the meeting were deeply affected by the story.(vt.深深打动)
6．The government built shelters for the homeless.(n.避难处；居所)
7．The electricity there was cut off due to tsunami.(n.电；电能)
8．Some of the workers were trapped in the ruins.(vt.使落入险境)
9．The end of the post was buried in the ground.(vt.埋葬)
10．The report shows that we are making some progress but we need to make greater efforts.(n.努力)
11．The local government distributed the food supplies to the victims after the earthquake.(n.补给品)
12．Laughter, for me, is an emergency exit.(n.突发事件；紧急情况)
13．You should stay calm in the face of danger.(adj.镇静的；沉着的)
14．This job would be impossible without the aid of a computer.(n.援助；帮助)
15．She waved her hand to say goodbye.(vt.挥动)
16．A massive 8.0 magnitude earthquake struck that area.(vt.侵袭)
17．How can a speaker make himself more persuasive when delivering a speech？(vt.发表)
(二)写出蓝体词汇的语境之义及拓展形式
1．We were all shocked at the shocking news he brought us.(adj.震惊的adj.令人震惊的)
拓展：shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克
2．He breathed deeply before speaking again.(vi.呼吸)
拓展：breath n．呼吸
3．She's suffering from loss of memory.(vi.受苦)
拓展：suffering n．折磨；苦难
4．The man was very ill, but he survived.(vi.存活)
拓展：survival n．幸存→survivor n．幸存者
5．I'll do everything in my power to prepare well for the coming final exam.(n.力量)
拓展：powerful adj.强大的；有力的→powerless adj.无力的；没有能力的
6．Smoking has a bad effect on your health, so you'd better give it up.(n.影响)
拓展：effective adj.有效果的
三、词块短语——在语境中辨义活用
(写出加黑部分在语境中的汉语意思)
1．The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake.严重受损；破败不堪
2．The boy stood there in great shock.震惊；吃惊
3．It is quite pleasant to drink tea with several friends in the open air.露天；在户外
4．He has too much work on hand.现有
5．All good things must come to an end, however beautiful an experience is.结束
6．A storm is coming! Tie things down before they blow away！吹走
四、经典句式——在佳句背诵中品悟规则用法
1.
教材原句
Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings.(too ...to ...太……而不能……)
鸡甚至猪都焦躁不安，不愿进食；狗拒绝进入屋内。
写作亮句
①(2018·北京高考书面表达)As the old saying goes, “It's never too late to learn.”
正如谚语所说，“活到老，学到老。”
②Her life was too full to find time for hobbies.
她的生活太忙，没有业余爱好的时间。
文化典句
It is too late to grieve when the chance is past. 坐失良机，后悔已迟。
2.
教材原句
It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！(as if引导表语从句或方式状语从句)
仿佛世界末日即将来临！
写作亮句
①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)My respectable head teacher treats me as if she were my mother.
我尊敬的班主任像我的母亲一样对待我。
②He spoke English perfectly as if he had lived in England for many years.
他英语讲得非常完美，好像在英国居住了很多年似的。
3.
教材原句
I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.(be doing ...when ...正在做……这时……)
当时我和三个孩子正在吃早饭，海水开始灌入屋内。
写作亮句
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)She was wondering about it when the father turned up and told his wife about how the twins had made preparations to give her a surprise.
她正在疑惑，这时这位爸爸出现了，告诉妻子这对双胞胎为了给她一个惊喜是如何做准备的。
4.
教材原句
Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured. (“分数/百分数＋of＋复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数)
城里三分之二的居民在地震中死亡或受伤。
写作亮句
40% of students are good at language in our class.我们班40%的学生擅长语言。
五、“续写”片段——在背诵中品悟如何写靓写美
动作描写之动“嘴”
I was still recalling the splendid scenery when we were in my grandparents' living room.David excitedly narrated our experience, eyes blazing with enthusiasm.Worries came to his forehead when he explained the troubles.A smile lifted the corner of his mouth when it came to camping.Suddenly Mum shouted out in a strange voice.Haunted by a strong sense of horror, I heard Mum screaming, “I forgot the tent！”
当我们在祖父母的客厅时，我仍在回忆那壮丽的景色。大卫兴奋地讲述了我们的经历，眼睛里充满了热情。当他解释麻烦事时，担忧就浮现在他的额头。说到露营时，他嘴角露出了笑容。突然，妈妈用一种奇怪的声音大喊。在一种强烈的恐惧感的驱使下，我听到妈妈尖叫着：“我忘了带帐篷了！”
[点评] 本段中使用了 narrate our experience, eyes blazing with enthusiasm, explain, A smile lifted the corner of his mouth, shout out in a strange voice, scream 等各种各样的“嘴”之动作， 生动形象地勾勒出了一个旅游后意犹未尽又出其不意的画面。
1．rescue n．& vt.营救；救援
[题点全练](单句语法填空)
①Tom rescued a boy from the river on his way home.
②When we were trapped in the ruins, the soldiers came to our (we) rescue.
[系统归纳]
go/come to sb.'s rescue＝rescue sb. 救援某人
rescue ...from ... 把……从……营救出来
2．effort n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
[题点全练](单句语法填空/完成句子)
①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)My English teacher spares no effort to_help (help) me with my English.
②The local clubs are making an effort to interest more young volunteers.
③Another reason why we should never give up is that we can learn from our mistakes only_if_we_make_every_effort.
另一个我们永不放弃的原因是：只有尽一切努力，我们才能从错误中学习。
[系统归纳]
make an effort to do sth. 努力做某事
spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力地做某事
make every effort 尽一切努力
3．suffer vt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
[题点全练](单句语法填空/完成句子)
①(2020·天津7月高考书面表达)It is true that we may suffer from failure from time to time. However, it is important that we never lose the enthusiasm to keep on trying.
②There is no denying that our_Earth_is_suffering_severe_damage.
不可否认，我们的地球正遭受着严重的破坏。
[系统归纳]
suffer from 受……折磨；患……病
suffer pain/defeat/hardship/damage 遭受痛苦/失败/艰难/破坏
4．supply n．供应(量)；补给；[pl.]补给品vt.供应；供给
[题点全练](单句语法填空)
①Moreover, the competition will supply you with a chance to develop your creativity and build friendship with other students.
②The natural resources, such as coal and oil, are in short supply in this country.
③Since we'll be walking for almost two weeks, I'll need to buy large supplies of_food and water in advance.
[系统归纳]
(1)supply sb. with sth.＝supply sth. to sb. 向某人提供某物
(2)be in short supply 短缺
a large supply of/large supplies of 大量……的供应
5．survive vi.生存；存活vt.幸存；艰难度过
[题点全练](单句语法填空)
①(2021·全国甲卷)The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has_survived(survive) China's long history.
②I don't know how you all manage to survive on Jeremy's salary.
③As far as I know，the old lady survived her husband by 5 years.
[系统归纳]
survive sth. 幸免于；从……中挺/活过来
survive on 依靠……存活下来
A survive B (by ...) A比B活得长(……)
6．power n．电力供应；能量；力量；控制力
[题点全练](单句语法填空/完成句子)
①He has been in power for two years，and made great achievements.
②It has been five years since he came into/to power.
③(2021年8省联考卷)He tries to make the audience believe that he has the power to_do(do)things which are against the laws of nature.
④Unfortunately, it's beyond my power to get through the work in such a short time.
⑤(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I_will_do_all/everything_in_my_power_to_live up to your expectations.
我将竭尽全力不辜负你的期望。
[系统归纳]
be in power 执政；掌权
come to/into power 掌权；上台
have the power to do sth. 有能力做某事
beyond one's power 某人力所不能及的
do all/everything in one's power to do sth. 尽力而为做某事；竭尽全力做某事
1．affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动
[题点全练](单句语法填空)
①Many young people were affected by his story. They began to do volunteer work for the disabled.
②Affected with high fever, he continued with his work.
[进阶学习]
系统归纳
be affected by 受……的影响；被……感动
be affected with 感染……疾病
难点释解
(1)affect与effect仅一字母之差，词性却不同。名词effect的常用搭配为“have an effect on”。
(2) “被深深地感动”的其他常用表达：be deeply moved；be deeply touched；在使用这些动词短语的非谓语形式作状语时，常常使用其过去分词形式。
(3)have an affection for意为“喜欢……”，与动词affect本意相差甚远。
[练重难点]
介词填空
③I have much affection for_my mum, whose words and actions have a positive effect on me.
句型转换(把①句改为非谓语动词短语作状语)
④Affected_by_his_story,_many young people began to do volunteer work for the disabled.
2．ruin n．& vt.破坏；毁坏
[题点全练](单句语法填空)
①With time going on, the castle which once was very beautiful is now completely in ruins.
②Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being_reduced (reduce) to ruins, the city took on a new look.
[进阶学习]
系统归纳
lie/be in ruins 成为废墟
be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟
辨析比较
(1)ruin多用于借喻中，指毁坏价值、用途等。它还可作名词，常用短语：in ruins，意为“严重受损，破败不堪”；
(2)damage表示不是完全毁坏，损坏部分能修复。damage作名词时，常用短语do/cause damage to，意为“对……造成损害”；
(3)destroy指彻底毁坏以致很难修复，其名词是destruction
[练重难点]
选词填空(destroy, damage, ruin)
③Many buildings were completely destroyed in the earthquake.
④It takes twenty years to build a reputation and five minutes to ruin it.
⑤The sun can damage your skin.
3．shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克vt.(使)震惊
[题点全练](单句语法填空)
①I looked at my husband in shock, waiting for him to tell me that I had misunderstood everything. But he only shook his head.
②I was shocked to_hear (hear) that the old castle had been destroyed.
③All of us were shocked at/by the news that many deaths had been caused by the heavy rain.
[进阶学习]
系统归纳
(1)in shock 震惊；吃惊
(2)shocked adj. 震惊的；惊讶的
be shocked at/by 对……吃惊
be shocked to do sth. 做某事很吃惊
(3)shocking adj. 令人震惊的
难点解释
(1)可数名词shock意为“一件让人震惊的事情”，常用词块a great shock to sb.意为“让某人极为震惊的事情”。
(2)shocked表示人的心理状态和心理感受； shocking说明事物的性质、特征、特点等。
[练重难点]
选词填空(shocked/shocking)/完成句子
④The survivors lay on the beach, exhausted and shocked.
⑤Don't mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may give away the shocking_ending.
⑥The news was_a_great_shock to the poor girl and she started to cry.(shock n．)
这个消息让这个可怜的女孩震惊了，她开始哭了起来。
4．bury vt.埋葬；安葬；使沉浸；使专心
[题点全练](单句语法填空)
①The young man, who also seemed deeply buried in thought, raised his eyes.
②The girl was sitting there，burying (bury) her face in her hands.
[进阶学习]
系统归纳
be buried in thought 沉思
bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面
难点释解
(1)bury 用作“使沉浸；使专心”之意时，其后常接反身代词作宾语或使用被动语态，搭配为：bury oneself in/be buried in(埋头于；专心于)
(2)表示“专心于；致力于”的其他常用短语：be devoted to；be absorbed/engaged in；focus on；fix/concentrate one's attention on等
[练重难点](单句语法填空/句型转换)
③He sat at a wooden table and was_buried (bury) in reading.
④He buried himself (he) in his book and completely forgot the time.
⑤He sat at a wooden table, buried_in_reading.(用分词短语作状语改写③句)
⑥Burying_himself_in_his_book，he completely forgot the time.(用分词短语作状语改写④句)
5．strike vi.& vt.侵袭；突击；击打n.罢工；罢课；袭击
[题点全练](单句语法填空)
①Struck (strike) by the beauty of the West Lake, we stopped to admire it.
②Meeting my dear teachers and fellow students after so many years was indeed a warm occasion, one I'd strike into my heart forever.
[进阶学习]
系统归纳
be struck by 被……打动/迷住
strike ... into one's heart 使……刻骨铭心
易错提醒
It strikes sb. that ... 某人突然想起……
sth. strike sb. 某人突然想起某事
sb. strike on sth. 某人突然想起某事
以上三个句型，在英汉表达上存在着很大差异。
[练重难点](完成句子/一句多译)
③It_struck_me_that_I would have an important meeting in Shanghai the next day.
我突然想起来明天在上海有一个重要的会议。
④我突然想起了一个好主意。
→A_good_idea_struck_me.
→I_struck_on_a_good_idea.
6．come to an end结束；终结
[题点全练](完成句子)
①How time flies！Two weeks went by before we realized that our exchange activity _was_is_coming_to_an_end.
时光飞逝！两周已过，我们才恍然意识到交流活动即将要结束。
[进阶学习]
系统归纳
(1)at the end of 在……尽头；在……末端
by the end of 到……结束时；到……时候为止(常与完成时态连用)
in the end 最后；终于
(2)put/bring ...to an end/put an end to ... 使……结束
(3)make (both) ends meet 使收支相抵；量入为出
辨析比较
come to an end意为“结束”，是不及物动词短语，不能跟宾语，主语通常是物；而put an end to ...与bring ...to an end意为“使……结束”，均为及物动词短语，后须跟宾语，主语通常为人。
[练重难点]
选词填空(come to an end/bring ...to an end/put an end to ...)
②The director brought the film to_an_end in an amazing way.
③The meeting came_to_an_end and we all set down many key points.
④Eventually, they put_an_end_to the quarrel and reached an agreement.
1．as if引导表语从句或方式状语从句
[用法规则]
as if＝as though，意为“似乎；好像；仿佛”，在句中引导表语从句或方式状语从句。
(1)如果所引导的从句表示的是真实的或极有可能发生的情况时，从句要用陈述语气。
(2)当说话人所陈述的是不真实的或极少可能发生或存在的情况时，从句用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反，用一般过去时(be动词用were)；与过去事实相反，用had done；与将来事实相反，用would/could/might＋动词原形。
(3)as though/if引导的从句中的主语和主句主语一致，且含有be动词时，从句中的主语和be动词常常可以省略。
[应用体验](完成句子/句型转换)
①Hurry up! It looks as if the train is_going_to_move.
快点！看起来好像火车要开了。
②It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as_if_I_had_done_it?
打破窗户的是约翰。为什么你给我谈话好像是我打破的似的？
③The kids are very friendly with her and even look up to her as_if_she_were_their_
own_mother.
孩子们对她很友好，甚至把她当亲生母亲一样尊敬她。
④The old man was lying on the ground as if he was badly hurt.
→The old man was lying on the ground as if badly_hurt.(状语从句的省略)
2．be doing ...when ...正在做……这时……
[用法规则]
(1)be about to do sth.when ...＝be on the point of doing sth.when ...正要做某事，这时……
(2)had (just) done sth.when ...刚做完某事，这时……
[应用体验](完成句子/句型转换)
①She was_walking_along_the_bank_of_the_river_when she heard a cry for help.
她正沿着河岸走，这时她听到一阵呼救声。
②I had_just_turned_on_the_computer_when my parents came back.
我刚刚打开电脑，这时我父母回来了。
③Seated in the classroom, I was on the point of taking my books out when suddenly I became frozen.
→Seated in the classroom, I was_about_to_take_my_books_out_when suddenly I became frozen.
“自然灾害与防范”主题与我们的生活息息相关。了解自然灾害，积极应对自然灾害，掌握与自然灾害相关的安全常识和防范措施，树立防灾意识和自我保护意识，对我们来说尤其重要。该主题有利于引导学生重视自然灾害，树立环保意识和灾害防范意识。
Stars after the Storm
(节选自外研版教材必修第三册UNIT 6)
After the hurricane, we were homeless and my cat, Smartie, disappeared.(背景提示：飓风过后，失去家园和猫咪)
❶Living in the open air, we became breakfast, lunch and dinner for the mosquitos.❷But Mum said that whatever happens, we should always try to see the good side of things.It was difficult to stay positive, though.We had lost our home and everything in it, including Smartie.All we had left were the clothes on our backs.But as Mum kept on reminding us, we were all together and safe.Mum's words made us feel better.I remember us all lying under the midnight sky and looking up at the stars.Because there were no lights, we could see the Big Dipper, the Little Dipper and the Milky Way.It was amazing！Even though we had lost a lot, moments like those gave us hope for the future.(灾难后的彷徨和妈妈的鼓励)
Although it was only a few days before we were rescued, it felt like months.We were taken to another town in a faraway county.Thankfully, Smartie came home just in time.We were so happy to take him with us, although then, none of us knew that we wouldn't be back for quite a while (几天后：获得救援)．
Now, one year has passed and I'm back home in New Orleans.❸Some families have yet to return, but many others have come back.Although we are surrounded by reminders of the disaster, we are working together to rebuild our homes and our lives.Now we have another chance to look up at the stars of New Orleans, their beauty inspiring us and giving us confidence to move on.(一年后：重建家园)
由教材学写法
1．学亮点词汇
第一段中使用两个but和一个though形象地描写了灾难之后失去家园和猫咪的痛苦和妈妈的不断鼓励，为下文提到星空和希望做了铺垫；在描写星空时用了amazing一词，写出了作者对生活重新燃起了希望。第二段中的thankfully一词道出了作者对猫咪回家的欣喜之情。第三段中的inspire和move on写出了星空之美鼓舞着“我们”，让“我们”有信心继续前行，重建美好生活。
2．学高级句式
句❷运用whatever引导的让步状语从句，强调了“无论发生什么，我们都应该看到事情好的一面”。
句❸是一个but连接的并列句，意在强调but后第二分句的内容——有许多人已经回来了。强调了人们重建家园的努力，突显了希望。
3．学行文逻辑
本文是一篇记叙文。作者按照时间顺序讲述了自己一次灾难过后的经历。飓风过后，无家可归→几天后获救→一年后，重建家园。贯穿文章的还有人物心理的变化，从最初的慌乱、悲观到与猫咪重逢的喜悦再到对新生活的信心。另外，对星空的数次描写，对于情节开展起到了推动的作用，整篇文章写景叙事抒情融为一体。
4．学修辞手法
句❶中，作者将他们一家人比作蚊子的一日三餐，使读者对其当时所处的恶劣环境留下了鲜明的印象，既令文章更生动，又容易引起读者共鸣。
Ⅰ.多积词块——丰富表达方式
1．donate ...to ... 向……捐赠……
2．come to one's rescue 前来营救某人
3．be trapped in ruins 被困在废墟中
4．rebuild one's home 重建某人的家园
5．take measures/steps to do sth. 采取措施做某事
6．be/become aware of/that ... 意识到……
7．to make matters worse 更糟糕的是
8．thanks to 因为，由于，幸亏
9．be faced with 面临
10．wipe out 彻底摧毁
11．fight with 与……作斗争
12．recover from 从……中恢复
13．a strong will 坚强的意志
14．suffer from 遭受
15．in harmony with nature 与自然和谐相处
16．helping hands 援手
Ⅱ.多积佳句——彰显表达功底
1．A severe earthquake destroyed almost everything, leaving badly damaged buildings.
一场剧烈的地震几乎毁了一切，留下了严重受损的建筑物。
2．Sometimes a smile is so powerful that it gives people suffering from disasters great courage.
有时候，微笑会如此有力量，以至于它给遭受灾难的人以巨大的勇气。
3．The earthquake caused structural damage to most of the buildings in the town.
这次地震给城镇的大部分建筑造成了结构性的破坏。
4．The country has provided food and clothes for the homeless people in the disasterstricken areas.
这个国家已经为灾区无家可归的人们提供了食品和衣物。
5．Having realized the great harm caused by the haze and the importance of protecting the environment, people all over the country are taking measures to reduce the hazy weather.
由于意识到了雾霾造成的严重危害和保护环境的重要性，全国人民正采取措施减少雾霾天气。
6．Recent years have seen a big increase in natural disasters, such as earthquakes, hurricanes and floods, which are big threats to people's lives.
最近几年自然灾害频发，例如地震、飓风和洪水，严重地威胁着人们的生命。
7．People have realized the great harm caused by the smog and the importance of protecting the environment.
人们已经意识到雾霾引起的危害和保护环境的重要性。
8．Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world, changing some living patterns.
全球变暖正对世界各地成百上千的动植物物种产生巨大的影响，改变了一些生活模式。
一、作文仿写出亮篇
假定你是李华，你从电视新闻上得知你的土耳其朋友西琳(Shirin)所在的城市发生了地震。请你给她写一封信，要求80词左右，内容包括：
1．询问是否安好；
2．地震带来的影响(发生5.6级地震，造成1人死亡，69人受伤)；
3．愿意尽力提供帮助。
Dear_Shirin，
How_are_you_doing?_When_I_watched_the_news_on_TV,_I_learned_that_a_terrible_earthquake_happened_in_your_city._I_was_really_concerned_about_you_and_your_family.
I'm_so_sorry_to_hear_about_the_disaster._One_person_was_killed,_69_others_were_injured_after_a_5.6_magnitude_quake_hit_your_city._Besides,_lots_of_buildings_fell_down._I_hope_that_none_of_your_family_members_was_injured.
Please_don't_be_worried._Everything_will_be_fine._If_you_need_any_help,_please_let_me_know._As_one_of_your_best_friends,_I_will_do_what_I_can_to_help_you.
Yours_sincerely，
Li_Hua
二、续写语段思维活
结合主题，根据下面给出的开头语和前文情节脉络续写一个80词左右的片段。
前文情节脉络：巨大的龙卷风袭击了密苏里州，“我”父母的家被严重损坏→当“我”的父母安全离开后，他们希望“我”能保存一些他们的书和照片→不幸的是，雨不停地落在“我”想要保护的书和照片上，一切似乎都无望了→一个瘦弱的老人出现在“我”身边，帮助“我”挽救了这些珍贵的书和照片。
Suddenly, out of nowhere, a thin, elderly man appeared by my side.
参考范文：
Suddenly, out of nowhere, a thin, elderly man appeared by my side.Shocked, I took a step back, but he said in a comforting voice, “Everything is going to be alright.” He told me he heard about the disaster and came to help.Seeing everything inside was going to be ruined, he went through the rain toward the house, trying to get a cover over the house.I was placing several photo albums and books into plastic bags for protection from the rain when I realized it was no longer raining in the house.Looking up, I saw rubberylooking material covering the roof.He'd done it.I was so grateful for his help because now I could save more of my parents' cherished possessions.The man was a light in the darkness.
课时作业(一) 语篇阅读训练——保准度
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2023·德阳二模)After being attacked by Hurricane Ida's 150 mph winds and torrential rains, hundreds of thousands of Gulf Coast residents were left without power and fresh water this week as a 100degree heat wave settled over the region.Ida smashed into Louisiana as a Category 4 hurricane, ripping off roofs, knocking out transmission lines, flooding roads, and reducing some brick buildings in downtown New Orleans to rubble.At least eight people died in the storm and the_toll is expected to rise as emergency workers search wrecked homes and businesses.
One of the most powerful hurricanes to ever hit the US mainland, Ida brought a 5 to 12foot storm surge that covered lowlying communities in southeastern Louisiana.Grand Isle is now “uninhabitable”， said Parish President Cynthia Lee Sheng, with 3 feet of sand covering the entire barrier island and 40 percent of the buildings completely destroyed.
The storm caused a citywide blackout in New Orleans, but a Hurricane Katrinalevel disaster was avoided there, thanks in part to the D|S14.5 billion spent on new levees, seawalls, and pumps after the 2005 storm.Experts are warning that Ida could worsen the Covid crisis in the Gulf Coast, as residents crowd together in homes and emergency shelters without immediate access to testing or medical care.ICUs in Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama hospitals were already near capacity before the storm hit.Nearly 1 million people are still without power across Louisiana, and authorities warned it could be weeks before electricity is restored.“If you have already evacuated，” said Gov.John Bel Edwards, “do not return here.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了飓风艾达给墨西哥湾沿岸居民造成的破坏，以及人们灾后重建的情况。
1．Which of the following best describes Hurricane Ida?
A．Mild. B．Destructive.
C．Uncontrollable. D．Impressive.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Ida smashed into Louisiana as a Category 4 hurricane ... as emergency workers search wrecked homes and businesses.”可推知，飓风艾达极具破坏性。故选B。
2．What do the underlined words “the toll” mean in Paragraph 1?
A．The death number. B．The heat wave.
C．The wind speed. D．The citywide blackout.
解析：选A 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“At least eight people died in the storm”以及后文“is expected to rise as emergency workers search wrecked homes and businesses”可知，至少有8人在风暴中死亡，且随着紧急救援人员搜索被毁的房屋和企业，预计死亡人数还会上升。画线词意思是“死亡人数”。故选A。
3．What is one of the reasons for Grand Isle to be uninhabitable?
A．The entire island is covered with sand.
B．It is one of the lowlying communities.
C．The residents there can't wait to leave.
D．Over half of its buildings were in ruins.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Grand Isle is now ‘uninhabitable，’ said Parish President Cynthia ... completely destroyed.”可知，这个地方不适合居住的原因之一是整个岛被沙子覆盖了。故选A。
4．What can be inferred about the attitude of Gov.John Bel Edwards towards the prospect of Louisiana?
A．Ambitious. B．Undoubted.
C．Indifferent. D．Unconfident.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“‘If you have already evacuated，’ said Gov.John Bel Edwards，‘do not return here.’”可推知，John Bel Edwards州长对路易斯安那州的前景持不自信的态度。故选D。
B
(2023·石家庄模拟)The moment the ground stops shaking after an earthquake, some people may wonder whether their pets—or wild animals for that matter—knew the disaster was coming.
To get to the bottom of this question, Heiko Woith, a scientist at the German Research Centre for Geosciences, and his colleagues evaluated more than 700 published reports of unusual behavior among 130 species, including insects, birds, fish, cats, dogs and cattle from 160 earthquakes.The records included all kinds of behaviors, including a tiger that reportedly got depressed before an earthquake.
The researchers found that 90 percent of all reported cases happened within 62 miles of the epicenter (震中) and within 60 days of an earthquake.Then, they examined when and where foreshocks had happened in the region and concluded that it was hard to say these animals could predict the earthquake itself.They were just responding to foreshocks.
“The spacetime pattern of animal precursors (预兆) and foreshocks is strikingly similar，” Woith said.“From this, we concluded that the abnormal animal behavior might simply be related to foreshocks.These animals are just responding to foreshocks rather than predicting the earthquake.They don't have super power.”
Despite the vast number of incidences, good information was little and scientific evidence is lacking.“A major surprise for us was that the large majority of the published claims were built on poor observational data, which did not stand as statistical scientific proof，” Woith said.
To better study whether animals can predict earthquakes, Woith and his colleagues suggested that researchers ask a number of yesorno questions in any upcoming experiments, including “Is the experimental setup and monitoring procedure clearly described and reproducible？” and “Is it proven that the animal behavior is really unusual？”
Meanwhile, humans are working on technologies that can detect earthquakes seconds before they hit.Hopefully, we will have such devices to warn people that the earthquake is coming.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。尽管每次地震过后总有动物异常行为的报道，然而动物能够预测地震这种结论缺乏科学依据。动物的异常行为只能说明对前震有所反应，并不能说明它们可以预测地震。
5．How did Woith conduct the study?
A．By analyzing former reports.
B．By observing animals' behavior.
C．By collecting data in the earthquake.
D．By comparing animals' different responses.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，Woith评估了很多动物异常行为的报告，从而去指导研究。故选A。
6．What is Woith's new finding?
A．Tigers become depressed easily.
B．Certain animals have super power.
C．Some animals can react to foreshocks.
D．Animals in the same area act similarly.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第三段内容和第四段中“From ... the earthquake.They don't have super power.”可知，并没有足够的证据说明动物能够预测地震，但是它们会对前震有反应。故选C项。
7．What surprised the scientists in the study?
A．All reported cases took place in the same area.
B．There were too many reports about foreshocks.
C．Some animals act strangely before earthquakes.
D．The previous reports lack accurate data support.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“A major surprise ... scientific proof”可知，之前的观点大多都是建立在观察数据基础之上的，不能作为科学证据。故选D项。
8．What is mainly talked about in the passage?
A．How animals behave in earthquakes.
B．Whether animals can predict earthquakes.
C．What is the link between animals and earthquakes.
D．Why people study animals' behavior in earthquakes.
解析：B 主旨大意题。根据第一段和最后一段内容可知，文章在讨论动物是否具有预测地震的超能力。故选B项。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
A powerful magnitude 7.1 temblor rocked Southern California on July 5, 2019, just 34 hours after a magnitude 6.4 earthquake hit the same area.This latest event was widely felt. __9__ Aftershocks are expected to continue.
Earthquakes are also called temblors.__10__ It's hard to imagine they happen by the thousands every day around the world, usually in the form of small tremors.Some 80% of all the planet's earthquakes happen along the rim (边缘) of the Pacific Ocean.__11__ That is because of a lot of volcanic activity there, as well.
Scientists give a magnitude rating to earthquakes based on the strength and duration of their seismic (地震的) waves.A magnitude of 3 to 4.9 is considered minor or light; 5 to 6.9 is moderate (中等的) to strong; 7 to 7.9 is major; and 8 or more is great.
__12__ Some 10,000 people die in earthquakes every year.Earthquakes may also lead to other natural disasters.Smaller temblors that usually happen in the days following a large earthquake can cause further death and damage.__13__
A．It is called the “Ring of Fire”．
B．They can cause huge damage.
C．Protect yourself as quickly as possible.
D．In fact, a magnitude 8 quake strikes somewhere every year.
E．Loss of life can be avoided through planning and education.
F．One important way is to try to make your home as safe as possible.
G．It caused several fires and damage to buildings and roads in Ridgecrest and nearby.
语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章以2019年发生在加利福尼亚州的地震为例介绍了地震的相关知识。
9．选G 上文中提到加利福尼亚州发生了7.1级地震，G项指出了此次地震所造成的结果，其中的It指代上文中的“A powerful magnitude 7.1 temblor”。
10．选B B项中的They指代上文中的Earthquakes，B项中的“cause huge damage”与下文中的“It's hard to imagine they happen”语义上形成连贯，指出地震的危害。
11．选A 下文中的“a lot of volcanic activity there”解释了A项中“Ring of Fire”——环太平洋火山带的含义。
12．选D D项承接上文中的“8 or more is great”，与下文中的“Some 10,000 people die in earthquakes every year”之间是并列关系，指出了全球每年地震发生的概况。
13．选E 上句提到大地震之后发生的震级较小的地震会造成进一步的死亡与损失。E项指出了避免造成这一损失的方法与措施。
Ⅲ.完形填空
Every family should have an emergency kit in their home.If there is an earthquake or a hurricane, for example, there could be a __14__ cut, or the water could get polluted.You might be __15__ at your home for several days because of a storm or a flood.Having an emergency kit __16__ could help if anything like this __17__.
Your emergency kit might include the following __18__：
The first aid kit should include alcohol, cotton wool, bandages, painkillers, clean bottled water and burn ointment.
It is __19__ to keep nonperishable (不易腐坏的) food supplies.In other words, food that won't spoil (变质) out of the fridge，such as canned food.There should be __20__ food for three days.It is better if the food does not have to be cooked.Don't __21__ the can opener!
It's a good __22__ for each family member to have a __23__ change of clothes, including waterproof shoes and a raincoat, as well as some warm blankets in case you have to __24__ outdoors, just as if you were camping!
Other things you can __25__ the kit are: flashlight and spare batteries, paper and pencils, mobile radio, matches and candles.Don't forget these things need to be checked regularly to be sure that they __26__ well.Check the expiry (期满) __27__ on any canned food.You can also put in a backpack some of the things that are __28__ to you, such as a toy or something else that you care about.
语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章介绍了准备应急包的重要性以及应急包里应该放置哪些东西。
14．A.paper B．price C．knife D．power
解析：选D 设空处与下文中的“the water could get polluted”应该是发生地震或者飓风之后可能会出现的结果。只有a power cut(断电)符合语境。
15．A.relaxed B．alone C．stuck D．free
解析：选C 由下文中的“at your home”可知，你受灾不得不困在家里好几天。stuck(被困)符合语境，说明是一种无奈之举。
16．A.clean B．prepared
C．open D．paid
解析：选B 由本段的中心句“Every family should have an emergency kit in their home.”以及上文列举的情况可知，这里是说当上述灾难“发生(happens)”时，“准备(prepared)”好应急包的必要性。
17．A.happens B．changes
C．stops D．chooses
解析：选A 参见上题解析。
18．A.plans B．tips
C．disasters D．supplies
解析：选D 下文提到的急救药箱、不容易腐坏的食物和备用衣服都是应急包里应该有的东西。故supplies(补给品)符合语境。
19．A.unspeakable B．reusable
C．advisable D．admirable
解析：选C 由上文中的“Your emergency kit might include”可知，不易腐坏的食物是作者认为需要放在应急包里的东西。故advisable(明智的)符合语境。
20．A.some B．enough C．hot D．delicious
解析：选B 根据常识可知，这里应该指准备好够三天的食物，以备不时之需。
21．A.forget B．bring C．try D．buy
解析：选A 由上文中的“canned food”及常识可知，准备罐头食品，自然也要准备开罐器。故这里表示不要忘记准备开罐器。
22．A.dream B．excuse C．idea D．chance
解析：选C 为每个家庭成员准备好这些东西是个不错的主意。
23．A.sudden B．daily
C．spare D．real
解析：选C 根据常识可知，应急包放置的衣服应该是为家人准备好可替换的衣服。故选spare，表示“备用的”。
24．A.sleep B．tour C．run D．cook
解析：选A 由下文中的“as if you were camping”可知，就像野营时一样，毯子的作用是保暖，以在户外休息时御寒。
25．A.take in B．get in C．turn in D．put in
解析：选D 由上文中的“Your emergency kit might include”可知，这里指应急包里还应该放置的其他东西。put in ...意为“把……放到……里”。
26．A.play B．work C．deliver D．know
解析：选B 定期检查应急包里所含物品的目的是要确保这些应急的物品能用。work表示“奏效，起作用”。
27．A.date B．notice
C．law D．value
解析：选A 根据常识可知，食物是有保质期的。因此这里指罐装食物包装盒上的有效期。
28．A.boring B．important
C．new D．acceptable
解析：选B 根据常识及下文中的“such as a toy or something else that you care about”可知，放入应急包里的东西应是对你重要的。
Ⅳ.语法填空
Natural phenomena (现象) can sometimes strike very hard and cause disasters if effective measures have not been taken or if some human __1__ (activity) have harmed the natural environment.
For example, too much water that the soil __2__ (be) unable to take in can cause floods, while too little water in some areas can lead to drought.But people can make situations __3__ (bad), for example, when trees are cut down and no new ones __4__ (plant)．This makes the soil very dry, which can create conditions __5__ (high) suitable for soil being blown away.What's more, when rain comes, there might not be enough roots and plant cover __6__ (make) the soil stick together, and a landslide can take place.
Most wildfires are caused directly or indirectly __7__ people.Farmers, for example, sometimes burn __8__ (they) fields to deal with wild plants before planting, and the fire can get out of control.Sometimes people are careless when smoking or forget to put out campfires when they go camping.A little spark is sometimes all it takes to start __9__ fire.
If we destroy parts of nature such as forests and mountain plants, we are destroying the natural barriers __10__ protect us from tsunamis, droughts, landslides, floods and other disasters.
1．activities 考查名词复数。根据其后的谓语动词have及语境可知，这里指“一些人类活动”，表示泛指，故填复数形式。
2．is 考查时态和主谓一致。从句描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时；且其主语是soil，故填is。
3．worse 考查形容词比较级。situations指代上文的“水量过多或过少会引起洪灾或旱灾”，根据But和语境可知，此处表达的是比较意义，指人类会让这种情况变得更糟。
4．are planted 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。本句描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时；ones指代trees，谓语动词用复数；又因ones与动词plant之间是被动关系，故填are planted。
5．highly 考查副词。空处作状语，修饰形容词suitable，故填副词形式。
6．to make 考查非谓语动词。空处作定语，说明enough roots and plant cover的作用，故填to make。
7．by 考查介词。根据语境可知，大多数野火都是由人类直接或间接引起的。
8．their 考查代词。空处作定语，修饰名词fields，表示“他们的”，用形容词性物主代词。
9．a 考查冠词。这里指引起一场火灾，是泛指，又因fire的读音以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。
10．that/which 考查定语从句。空处引导限制性定语从句，指代natural barriers，且在从句中作主语，故填that或which。
Ⅴ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，是某国际学校的学生。你校将进行地震应急演练(drill)，需要设计一张英文版的宣传海报(poster)，请写封邮件给你的英国朋友Olivia，请她帮忙设计。内容包括：
1．请求帮忙的原因；2.需要的帮助；3.表示感谢。
注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考范文：
Dear Olivia，
I need to design a poster for an earthquake drill to be held at our school next Friday.I wonder if you would have time to help me with the design.
I know you are good at computer drawing.Would you please design some pictures for me？I'm also having difficulty writing the drillrelated words for the poster, so I would be thankful if you could correct my version.
Thank you very much for any help you can provide.I'm looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
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