2024届高考英语一轮总复习选择性必修第一册Unit1PeopleofAchievement教师用书

UNIT 1　PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT

一、阅读词汇——在词块中明义
1．physical properties　　　　 物理特征
personal property 私人财产
2．from liquid to vapour 从液体到蒸气
3．illegal/banned substances 非法/禁用物品
without substance 毫无事实根据
4．a top politician 大牌政客
5．numerous people 许多人
6．extraordinary genius 非凡的天才
7．an educational institute 教育机构
a distribution institution 分配制度
8．mourn the dead 哀悼逝者
9．a water-saving device 节水装置
10．draft a speech 起草发言稿

二、表达词汇——在语境中活用
(一)在括号内写出蓝体词汇在语境中的汉语意思
1.Almost all kinds of information can be obtained through the Internet.(vt.获得)
2．She defeated all her opponents and won the gold medal in shooting.(vt.击败)
3．Surprisingly, students of the senior schools are mostly girls.(adv.主要地)
4．Citizens in this area were forced to flee the city.
(vt.迅速离开)
5．The competition had to be put off under the special circumstance.(n.状况)
6．The theory is not yet scientifically established.(n.理论)
7．I first encountered him when studying at Cambridge.
(vt.偶然碰到)
8．Large sums of money have been donated to the disaster area.(n.金额)
(二)写出蓝体词汇的语境之义及拓展形式
1．Understanding history is vital to understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation.(adj.极其重要的)
拓展：vitally adv.极其；极大地
2．Tsinghua University was founded in 1911.
(vt.建立)
拓展：foundation n．基础；(机构或组织的)创建；创办→foundational adj.基础的；基本的
3．From your smile I infer that you are pleased.(vt.推断)
拓展：inference n．推断；推理；推论
4.Music was his true passion, though he had never performed outside the family.(n.酷爱)
拓展：passionate adj.热情的；充满激情的
5．Mr Smith works as a professor at Oxford University.
(n.教授)
拓展：profession n．职业；专业→professional adj.职业的；专业的
6.He showed us that even a single desire ... can make for a remarkable life.(adj.非凡的)
拓展：remarkably adv.引人注目地，明显地；显著地
7．He has committed himself to supporting his brother's children.(vt.承诺)
拓展：commitment n．承诺，保证；奉献，投入→committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的
8．The country has acknowledged having taken every means to fight against any possible infection.(vt.承认)
拓展：acknowledgement n．承认；感谢
9．You should sit down and analyse your strengths and weaknesses.(vt.分析)
拓展：analysis n．分析；分析结果
10．Two independent research bodies reached the same conclusion.(n.结论)
拓展：conclude vt.推断
11．This led to an unexpected consequence.(n.结果)
拓展：consequent adj.随之发生的→consequently adv.因此；所以

三、词块短语——在语境中辨义活用
写出或选出加蓝部分在语境中的汉语意思
1.Smart online habits can also lead to high efficiency for your study.促使
2.You have to make sure you don't turn two pages at once and ...确保
3.But she insists on us eating healthy food.坚决要求
4．It is our duty to make contributions to our motherland.对……做出贡献
5.Would you like to recommend some English poems based on school experience？以……为依据
6．The plan put forward by a local farmer has been got through at the meeting.提出
7．Unfortunately, the great scientist passed away last year.去世
8．The poor boy, not dry behind the ears, had to make a living by himself.谋生
9．A good student usually knows how to sum up knowledge in good time.总结
10．It's important to draw out a child's potential capacities.D
A．做出　　 B．拟订　　　C．鼓励　　　D．发掘
11.Surfing the Internet and playing games take up much time when we should work on our lessons.C
A．担任 B．开始从事 C．占用 D．拿起

四、经典句式——在佳句背诵中品悟规则用法
1.
教材原句
Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine. There is a team behind me, and all the people of my country ...”(“on/upon＋名词/动名词”作状语)
当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说：“这份荣誉不仅仅属于我。我的身后是一个团队以及全国人民……”
写作亮句
On/Upon arriving there, we helped pick apples.
一到达那里，我们就帮助采摘苹果。
文化典句
Upon arrival from the Tokyo Olympic Games, the Chinese players received a warm welcome at the airport.
从东京奥运会返回时，中国运动健儿一到机场就受到了热烈欢迎。

2.
教材原句
He made numerous contributions to the world, the most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E＝mc2.(独立主格结构)
他为世界作出了无数的贡献，最为出名的当数广义相对论和著名的方程式E＝mc2。
写作亮句
Class over, Ms Cai advised me to catch up with the others by having extra lessons.
下课了，蔡老师建议我通过补课来赶上其他人。

五、“续写”片段——在背诵中品悟如何写靓写美
心理或动作描写之“尴尬与无聊”
Elizabeth was wandering when she saw Darcy and his sister.Their eyes instantly met.Elizabeth was too embarrassed to say a word, she lowered her eyes to avoid Darcy.Darcy was in a mixture of surprise and excitement.His face went red and he was struggling to control his delight.He didn't know what to say or how to start the conversation.Elizabeth was wholly overwhelmed by embarrassment.“Why did I come here? Coming here was the most unfortunate thing in the world！” she thought.
伊丽莎白正在闲逛，这时她看见了达西和他的妹妹。他们的目光立刻相遇。伊丽莎白窘得一句话也说不出来，她垂下眼睛避开达西。达西既惊讶又兴奋。他的脸涨红了，他努力控制自己的喜悦。他不知道该说什么，也不知道如何开始谈话。伊丽莎白尴尬得不知所措。“我为什么来这里？来到这里是世界上最不幸的事！”她想。
[点评]　本段用“Their eyes instantly met ...lowered her eyes to avoid ...went red ... struggling to control ...why ...most unfortunate”等动作或心理描写，栩栩如生地描绘出了一个十足尴尬的场面。







1．acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢；认可；告知收到
[题点全练]
写出下列句中acknowledge的含义
①“Maybe you are right，” she acknowledged.承认
②We wish to acknowledge the support of the university and the teachers.感谢
③All the applications will be acknowledged in a week.告知收到
④He is widely acknowledged to be one of the best players in the world.认可
句式升级
⑤People acknowledge that the measures China has taken to fight the COVID-19 are efficient.
→It_is_acknowledged_that the measures China has taken to fight the COVID-19 are efficient.
→The measures China has taken to fight the COVID-19 are_acknowledged_to_be efficient.
[系统归纳]
(1)acknowledge (doing) sth.　 承认(做)某事
acknowledge that ... 承认……
acknowledge ...to be/as ... 认为……是……
It is universally/widely acknowledged that ... ……是大家所公认的
(2)acknowledgement n. 承认；感谢
in acknowledgement of ... 为表示对……的感谢

2．defeat n．失败；挫败vt.击败；战胜
　　　　　　　　[题点全练](单句语法填空)
①I tried to comfort him after he was_defeated (defeat) by his opponent.
②The world champion has only had two defeats (defeat) in more than 100 fights.
③The Ping-pong team suffered a heavy defeat in the Olympic match.
④Never defeated (defeat) by any maths question, the boy is full of confidence.
[系统归纳]
(1)defeat与beat都表示“在战斗或竞赛中战胜/打败(对手)”，后接竞争对手(人或某一团体)，可以互换。
(2)win意为“赢得”，后常跟game, match, competition, prize, award等名词作宾语。

3．insist vi. & vt.坚持；坚决要求
[题点全练](单句语法填空/完成句子)
①Our insisting (insist) it's merely a window has kept them from attempting millions of requests to open the door.
②The newcomer insisted on me showing (show) him how to operate the machine.
③When the teacher scolded him, he insisted that he had_come (come) on time to school the other day.
④Though at an old age, he insisted_that_he_should_go_to the city for the fight against the COVID-19.
尽管高龄，但他还是坚持去那个城市抗击新冠肺炎。
[系统归纳]
(1)insist on doing sth.　　　　 坚持做某事
insist that ... (should) do 坚决要求……做
(2)insist表示“坚决要求，坚决主张”时，从句的动作发生在谓语insist之后，要使用虚拟语气，表示“以后”要做之事，句型结构为insist that＋主语＋(should)＋(not) do sth.；表示“坚持说，坚持认为”时，则采用陈述语气(即宾语从句中时态的选用要按照实际时态要求)，类似常见词语：suggest“建议；暗示；表明”。

4．circumstance n．条件；环境；状况(常用复数)
[题点全练](单句语法填空/完成句子)
①I can't imagine a circumstance in which I would not be willing to study.
②The old tend to fall behind the changing social and political circumstances (circumstance)．
③Students should stick to their dreams under/in_any_circumstance(s)．
在任何情况下，学生们都应该坚持他们的梦想。
④The scientist would give up the hope for contributions to the motherland under/in_no_circumstances.
在任何情况下，这位科学家都不会放弃为祖国做贡献的希望。
⑤In no circumstances should_people_waste_food to practise the “clear-your-plate” action.
为践行“光盘”行动，在任何情况下人们都不应浪费食物。
[系统归纳]
under/in no circumstances　　 无论如何都不……
(位于句首时句子要部分倒装)
under/in the circumstances 在这种情况下；既然这样
under/in any circumstance(s) 在任何情况下

5．put forward提出；拨快；提前
[题点全练](用put的相关短语填空)
①Our government has put_forward The Belt and Road Initiative, which encourages cooperation between China and other countries.
②Don't put_off till tomorrow what should be done today.
③A week before Earth Day, posters were put_up around our school, calling upon us to join in the campaign.
④As a determined researcher, Mr Wang can put_up_with all kinds of hardship.
[系统归纳]
put aside　　　　 把……放在一边；忽视；不考虑
put away 放好；收好；储存
put down 记下；放下；镇压
put off 推迟；延期
put on 穿上；戴上；上演；增加(体重)
put out 熄灭；扑灭；出版；公布；生产
put up 举起；设立；提(价)；投宿；张贴
put up with 忍受；容忍

6．take up拿起；占用，占据；开始从事；接受；继续
[题点全练](用take的相关短语填空)
①The gold medal winner took_up diving at the age of 7.
②I don't want to take_down a series of facts in my diary.
③What matters is what you take_in_during class, but not what you write down in your notebooks.
④Upon learning the disease broke out, Zhong Nanshan took_on the responsibility to fight against it.
[系统归纳]
take apart　　　 拆开
take down 放下；记下；拆除
take in 欺骗；吸收；理解
take off (飞机)起飞；(事业)腾飞；脱下
take on 呈现；雇用；承担
take over 接管；接替



1．commit vt.承诺；保证vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
[题点全练](单句语法填空/完成句子)
①Both sides committed themselves (them) to settle the dispute peacefully.
②She doesn't want to make an emotional commitment (commit) to Jack at the moment.
③Committed (commit) to doing medical research, Tu Youyou is thought highly of by the Chinese.
④The tall man has committed_a_great_crime.
这个高个子男人犯下了大罪。
[进阶学习]
系统归纳
(1)commit a crime　犯罪
commit oneself to (sth./doing sth./do sth.) 承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)
commit to ... 忠于……；全心全意投入……
(2)commitment n. 承诺，保证；奉献，投入
(3)committed adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的
难点解释
commit oneself后可跟to do，也可把to看作介词，其后跟doing。commit作“忠诚，全心全意投入……”为不及物动词，常跟to连用。

[练重难点]
选词填空(committed/committing)
⑤Committing herself to the research, Tu Youyou spent all her time working out a solution.
⑥Committed to the project, Mr Smith almost had no time with his family.
2．consequence n．结果；后果；重要性
　　　　　　　　[题点全练](完成句子)
①As_a_consequence_of global warming, natural disasters occur more frequently.
由于全球变暖的缘故，自然灾害更加频繁地发生。
②Human beings will have to take_the_consequences_of the damage to our planet.
人类将不得不承担损坏我们星球的后果。
[进阶学习]
系统归纳
as a consequence＝as a result＝in consequence 因此；结果　 　
as a consequence of＝as a result of＝in consequence of 由于……的缘故
take/suffer/bear the consequences of承担……的后果
难点解释
(1)as a consequence在句中相当于副词，其前的句意通常为原因。
(2)as a consequence of在句中作介词，of后为原因，跟名词或动名词。
(3)be of no consequence 不重要，无关紧要

　　　　　　　　[练重难点](单句语法填空)
③Millions of people lost jobs as a direct consequence of economic crisis in the country.
④Sometimes it is difficult to predict the consequence of our present actions.





1．“on/upon＋名词/动名词”作状语
[用法规则]
(1)介词on/upon后面可以跟动名词或名词作宾语，构成介宾结构，在句中作状语，也可以转换为as soon as引导的时间状语从句。
(2)表示“一……就……”的结构：
①once/directly/instantly/immediately＋从句；
②the moment/the minute/the instant＋从句；
③no sooner ... than, hardly/scarcely ... when
[应用体验](单句语法填空/完成句子)
①On/Upon arriving/arrival (arrive) at the airport, we all were welcomed warmly.
②I had no sooner got on the platform than the audience began to cheer me up.
③The moment/minute/instant he gets into trouble, he will turn to his parents for help.
他一遇到麻烦，就向父母求助。
④On/Upon_his_return_to_his_hometown,_he paid a visit to his teachers.
他一回到家乡，就去拜访了他的老师们。
2．独立主格结构
[用法规则]
(1)独立主格结构是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。该结构在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等。
(2)独立主格结构的常用形式：
逻辑主语＋

[应用体验]
单句语法填空/完成句子/句式升级
①The children playing (play) in the room, I couldn't get down to studying.
②The work done (do), we went home.
③Nobody to_come (come) tomorrow, we will have to put off the meeting till next week.
④The_meeting_over,_our headmaster soon left the meeting room.
散会了，我们的校长很快就离开了会议室。
⑤If weather permits, we will hold our yearly sports meeting next week.
→Weather_permitting,_we will hold our yearly sports meeting next week.(独立主格结构)



古今中外，涌现出了很多对社会做出突出贡献的人物。他们勇于担当、甘于奉献，书写了不平凡的人生华章。该主题有利于引导学生深入了解国内外取得重大成就的人物及其经历、贡献等，树立为社会服务的意识，形成正确的人生观、价值观。该主题在高考写作中常常涉及，如：2020年全国卷Ⅰ书面表达，介绍身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人；2016年北京高考书面表达，给英国朋友Jim介绍一位你喜欢的中国历史人物等。


A Medical Pioneer
(节选自北师大版教材必修第二册UNIT 6)
Tu Youyou was born in Zhejiang Province, China, on 30 December, 1930.She studied medicine at Peking University Health Science Centre.After graduation, she became a member of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences.Later, she studied Chinese medicine for two and a half years with experts in the field from whom she gained a deep knowledge about traditional practices.(简介屠呦呦学习中医学的过程)
In 1969, Tu Youyou was chosen to establish a team to find a cure for malaria — a disease that killed millions of people every year.Across the world, scientists had been trying to find a cure.(运用过去完成进行时态很好地体现了在屠呦呦发现青蒿素以前，世界各地的科学家一直以来都在努力寻求能够有效治疗疟疾的方法) They tested more than 240,000 chemicals with no success.However, Tu Youyou had an idea that Chinese herbs might hold the secret.She studied ancient Chinese medical literature and visited experts in traditional Chinese medicine.❶She researched hundreds of traditional recipes connected to anti-malarial cures.Then Tu Youyou and her team began using modern research methods to study these Chinese herbs one by one.(屠呦呦依据古代中医配方采用现代的研究方法逐一研究了数百种有可能对治疗疟疾有效的中草药)
This was not an easy task.❷The reason why this was difficult was that the team had limited resources.They did not have enough staff, and the laboratory in which they worked had poor air quality.(面对的困难) However, after hundreds of failed experiments, they eventually came across a promising chemical.❸It worked well in experiments on animals, but they had to know if it was safe for humans.Tu Youyou bravely volunteered be the first human subject when they were ready to start testing and the rest of her team followed her.The test was a success.The medicine they discovered, artemisinin, has now become the world's most effective drug for fighting malaria.(成功发现世界上抗击疟疾最有效的药物——青蒿素)
由教材学写法
1．学亮点词汇
第一段中的gain a deep knowledge是know a lot的高级表达，用在此处形象又恰到好处，使表达更地道。第二段中的However，使前后句形成转折对比，突出了中草药的重要性。第三段中的eventually一词，真实地写出了发现青蒿素的艰辛不易，从侧面反映了屠呦呦及其团队的科学探索精神。
2．学高级句式
句❶中过去分词短语connected to anti-malarial cures作后置定语，修饰名词短语traditional recipes，限定了她研究的传统配方的范围——与抗疟疾疗法有关。
句❷是一个主从复合句，句中关系副词why引导定语从句，修饰先行词 reason，that引导表语从句。紧凑简练地表达了困难的原因在于团队资源有限。
句❸是一个并列复合句，句中并列连词but连接两个并列分句。第一分句承接上文内容，第二分句引出下文内容，起到了很好的过渡作用。
3．学行文逻辑
本文写作结构为“递进式结构”。全文主要围绕“发现青蒿素”这一中心展开叙述。屠呦呦研究中医→屠呦呦依据中医配方采用现代的研究方法逐一研究数百种中草药→成功发现世界上抗击疟疾最有效的药物：青蒿素。一条线写下来，让读者对青蒿素的发现过程和屠呦呦兢兢业业致力于医学研究，为对社会做出贡献且不顾个人安危的形象有了清楚的了解和认识。


Ⅰ.多积词块——丰富表达方式
1．make great contributions to　 对……做出突出贡献
2．become involved in 参与……
3．in the field of 在……领域
4．a system of philosophy 哲学体系
5．throughout the world 遍及全世界
6．get over varieties of difficulties 克服各种各样的困难
7．play a leading role 起着重要的作用
8．achieve one's dream 实现某人的梦想
9．make rapid progress in 在某方面取得很大的进步
10．find a cure for 寻找……的疗法
11．make sure of 确保
12．face the challenge 面对挑战
13．devote oneself to 致力于；献身于
14．scientific research 科学研究
15．set out a new scientific idea 提出科学新观点
Ⅱ.多积佳句——彰显表达功底
1．So strong-minded was he that he could keep up until he succeeded.
他意志很坚强，他会继续做下去直到成功。
2．Inspired by what the great scientist said, he made up his mind to work hard and catch up.
受到这位伟大的科学家讲话的鼓舞，他决心努力工作赶上去。
3．However, educated by his mother, he took an interest in reading.
然而，由于母亲的教育，他对读书产生了兴趣。
4．He fell in love with science and devoted himself to it.
他爱上了科学并全身心投入其中。


一、作文补写表达亮
下面是一篇介绍屠呦呦的短文，请根据提示，运用上面所学，将文章补充完整。
Among the scientists who have driven social development, the one ❶that_I_admire_most (我最钦佩的；定语从句) is Tu Youyou, a researcher in medicine.
❷What_impressed_me_most (让我印象最深的；主语从句)was that she and her team examined over 2,000 old medical texts, and evaluated 280, 000 plants.❸Having failed numerous times (失败了无数次以后；分词短语作状语), they ❹eventually_discovered_an_effective_
medicine (最终发现了一种有效的药物)．Later, they even ❺volunteered_to_test_it_on_themselves (自愿在自己身上做实验) to make sure of the safety!
❻Inspired_by_her_scientific_spirit (被她的科学精神所激励；分词短语作状语), I am determined to brave the challenges and try different ways ❼to_solve_my_problems (来解决我的问题)．I hope I can make great contributions to our society too.
二、看图写作善联想
根据以下图片展开合理想象，描述孔子的贡献及影响，80词左右。

Confucius_was_a_Chinese_thinker_and_social_philosopher_whose_teachings_and_philosophy_have_deeply_influenced_Chinese,_Korean,_Japanese,_and_Vietnamese_thought_and_life.He_established_his_own_philosophy_that_emphasizes_social_relationships,_justice_and_sincerity.Confucius'_thoughts_have_been_developed_into_a_system_of_philosophy_known_as_Confucianism.It_was_and_is_being_introduced_to_many_countries_throughout_the_world,_which_greatly_contributes_to_the_cultural_exchange.



课时作业(一)　语篇阅读训练——保准度

Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Some of the greatest scientists of all time are women who have made important discoveries in a variety of fields in science. Our list of the most famous female scientists below are organised in order of popularity so you can read about the advancements that they made.
Marie Curie (1867－1934)
Famous For: Work on radioactivity
Marie Curie was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize and the only woman to win this award in two fields: Physics and Chemistry. She discovered polonium and radium and her work helped with the creation of X­rays.
Jane Goodall (1934－)
Famous For: Primate (灵长类) studies
Jane Goodall is known world­wide for her groundbreaking studies on primates. She is considered as the top expert on chimps in the world and is perhaps best known for her 45­year study on the social lives of these animals in Tanzania.
Rita Levi­Montalcini (1909－2012)
Famous For: Nerve growth studies
Rita Levi­Montalcini was a neurologist (神经病学家) who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1986 for her findings in Nerve Growth Factor (NGF). She was the first Nobel Prize winner to live past her 100th birthday.
Lise Meitner (1878－1968)
Famous For: Work on radioactivity and nuclear physics
Lise Meitner was a key member of a group that discovered nuclear fission (裂变). One of her colleagues, Otto Hahn, was given the Noble Prize for this work. That Meitner didn't get the award is considered to be a huge error by the Nobel committee.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要列举了4位著名的女科学家在各自领域所取得的成就和影响。
1．Who is still contributing to the world?
A．Marie Curie.　　　　　　 B．Jane Goodall.
C．Rita Levi­Montalcini. D．Lise Meitner.
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据每个人物后面跟的时间可知，Jane Goodall出生于1934年，而后面没有给出去世时间，说明仍在为世界做贡献。故选B。
2．What did Rita Levi­Montalcini research on?
A．Nerve growth. B．The wildlife.
C．Nuclear explosion. D．Radioactivity.
解析：选A　细节理解题。根据Rita Levi­Montalcini (1909－2012)部分中“Famous For: Nerve growth studies”可知，Rita Levi­Montalcini研究的是神经发育。故选A。
3．What do we know about Lise Meitner?
A．She was awarded the Nobel Prize.
B．She made a big mistake in her work.
C．She did lots of studies about nerve growth.
D．She made great contributions to nuclear physics.
解析：选D　推理判断题。根据Lise Meitner (1878－1968)部分中“Famous For: Work on radioactivity and nuclear physics”可知，因为研究放射性和核物理而出名。由此可知，Lise Meitner对核物理学做出了巨大的贡献。故选D。
B
With the world's attention on vaccines (疫苗), now it feels like a good moment to sing the praises of an often forgotten contributor to their development. Three hundred years ago this month, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu got her daughter inoculated(接种) against smallpox, making her child the first person in the West to be protected in this way. Without Montagu's willingness to adopt a practice she had learned from other cultures, the introduction of vaccines around 80 years later would never have taken place.
Montagu first witnessed inoculation when she accompanied her husband to Turkey. Inoculation had started in Asia, probably in China, as early as the 10th century AD. Montagu observed how older women in Turkey took a tiny amount of pus (脓) from a person with smallpox. They then used needles to make cuts on people's wrists and ankles and added the pus to their bloodstream. This helped people gain immunity from future infection.
Like other visitors to the country, Montagu took steps to ensure that her daughter was inoculated. This worked well, but she knew that trying it in England would be far more challenging. Inoculation performed by unlicensed amateurs would threaten doctors' professional standing and potentially rob them of valuable income. Some people also disagree with the practice, as they saw it as going against nature.
Back in England, Montagu observed the increased severity of smallpox infections. Eventually, in April 1721, she decided to use the Turkish practice to have her daughter inoculated, because she believed that the rewards would outweigh the risks. After a safe time had passed following the inoculation, Montagu allowed doctors to examine her daughter.
Doctors in Britain gradually accepted the practice. About 80 years later, a pioneering physician found smallpox vaccines to destroy smallpox completely. As early as last century, academics argued that Montagu was no more than an enthusiastic amateur. In truth, she made a vital scientific contribution towards finding the cure for smallpox.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。三百年前，英国的Mary Wortley Montagu在土耳其目睹了当地妇女接种天花疫苗后，决定将这种技术带回英国，给女儿接种天花疫苗。她冲破重重阻力，终于成功接种，并得到了当地医生的认可和推广。
4．What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A．The origin of smallpox inoculation.
B．Montagu's first access to inoculation.
C．The benefits from smallpox inoculation.
D．Turkish women's invention of inoculation.
解析：选B　段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，该段主要讲述了Montagu在土耳其目睹当地人预防天花的经过，故B项正确。
5．Montagu found it difficult to try inoculation in England because ________.
A．it was against human nature
B．it might harm doctors' interests
C．it was beyond doctors' abilities
D．it might shake some people's belief
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第三段第三句可知，由无执照的业余人士进行接种会威胁到医生的职业地位并有可能剥夺他们宝贵的收入。据此可知，在英国接种天花疫苗很困难是因为这损害了当地医生的利益，故B项正确。
6．What led doctors in Britain to accept inoculation?
A．The increased severity of smallpox infections.
B．A physician's discovery of smallpox vaccines.
C．The result of Montagu's daughter's inoculation.
D．Montagu's focus on its rewards rather than its risks.
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第四段尾句可知，在接种疫苗后的一段安全时间过后，Montagu同意医生为她的女儿进行检查。再根据第五段首句可知，英国医生逐渐接受了接种天花疫苗。据此可知，由于Montagu给她的女儿成功接种了天花疫苗，故英国医生开始接受这一尝试。故C项正确。
7．What might be the best title of the text?
A．An Unsung Hero
B．No Limit to Creation
C．Development of Vaccines
D．A Historic Medical Innovation
解析：选A　标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了推动天花疫苗接种的先行者Montagu的故事。她勇敢地给她的女儿尝试接种并获得成功，从而使英国的医生逐渐接受了天花疫苗的接种。故A项最适合作为本文标题。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Excellence is a form of currency(通货). While a commitment to excellence can help you gain true wealth and realize the inbuilt value of your potential, a lack of commitment devalues potential and reputation.
If you are to become the person you meant to be on the day you were born, do whatever you do with all your might. __8__ If you accept being average and ordinary, life will make you average and ordinary.
__9__ But it has everything to do with decision, commitment and action. And excellence is a destination for anyone who appreciates, respects, and demonstrates hard work and good judgement!
We all have a range of career choices and opportunities. But we expand the range and quality of our choices when we practise excellence. __10__ So attempt to make every opportunity one of importance because every opportunity counts.
What is considered excellent today will become the minimum cost of admission tomorrow. __11__ Obviously, the bar is constantly being raised. If you don't produce excellent results consistently, someone else will.
There is no mercy period for averageness, and you must have a zero tolerance policy for it. People expect the best. __12__ So never relax the rules of excellence. When you face quality, you suffer physical and emotional withdrawal from your goals. You should have the belief that the efficiency of your business and life are infinite (无限的), that everything can be improved upon, and that every project can be completed in an excellent fashion. Why? Because when it comes to excellence, everything counts!
A．Being average is a choice.
B．You're only as good as your last performance.
C．It creates confidence and enhances peace of mind.
D．And we reduce them when we accept being average.
E．If they can't get it from you, they'll find it elsewhere.
F．You will never live longer than its importance and usefulness.
G．Being world­class has nothing to do with size, education, or bloodline.
语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了卓越的重要性，并介绍了追求卓越的方法。
8．选A　根据空后一句可知，如果你接受普通和平凡，生活将会使你变得普通和平凡。这是对设空处的解释说明，故设空处的内容与“平凡”有关，A项中的average和设空后的“average and ordinary”相呼应。
9．选G　空后的But表明设空处和空后一句之间是转折关系。G项中的“has nothing to do with ...”和下文“has everything to do with ...”形成对比。故选G项。
10．选D　空后的So表明设空处和下文是因果关系，D项即是设空处后一句的原因，同时D项中的them指代前面提到的“the range and quality of our choices”， reduce也与前面的expand形成对比。故选D项。
11．选B　根据空后两句可知，显然，标准在不断提高。如果你不能持续创造出色的结果，其他人会。这说明只有不断提高，才能变得卓越。故选B项。
12．选E　空后的So表明前后是因果关系，设空处强调原因，再结合空前一句(人们期盼最好的)可知，E项(如果人们无法从你身上获取最好的，他们就会另觅他处)符合语境。
Ⅲ.完形填空
The past 10 months has been the most influential months of my life.
As a junior, I left my comfortable home in Illinois and __13__ going to the Navajo Indian Reservation in Arizona. There I attended a local poorly­equipped school and __14__ for an adventure. I experienced so many __15__ when I arrived, fighting each day to __16__ in a new social environment—overcoming racial differences, handling social __17__ ...
During the summer vacation I __18__ to be a counselor (顾问) at an Easter Seals camp for people with __19__ needs who require assistance because of disabilities and improve their ability to do things alone. It was the most tiring work I'd ever experienced but the most __20__. I knew that I'd helped improve over 850 campers' __21__.
As the new school year began, our department had a renovation (翻新). I offered to help clean up all the __22__ books. Instead of recycling hundreds of those books, I __23__ the department that the books could serve a higher __24__. This simple act resulted in an all­out book drive benefiting the schools in Arizona.
The 10­month experience in Arizona __25__ me greatly. It made me become a person with patience, appreciation, determination, and __26__ enthusiasm. I trust that it is through enthusiasm, ideas and action that all changes can __27__.
语篇解读：本文是夹叙夹议文。作者离开家乡前往异地学习的经历让他收获了耐心、感恩、决心以及对生活的热情。
13．A.required B．risked
C．escaped D．considered
解析：选B　根据上文中的“left my comfortable home”及下文中的“an adventure”可知，作者离开舒适的家，踏上了前往纳瓦霍印第安人保留地的冒险旅途。risk意为“冒险”，符合语境。
14．A.settled on B．settled back
C．settled up D．settled in
解析：选D　根据上文中的“There I attended a local poorly­equipped school”及下文内容可知，作者在当地上了学，安顿了下来。settle in意为“安顿下来”，符合语境。
15．A.pleasures B．wonders
C．blows D．burdens
解析：选C　根据下文中的“fighting each day”等信息可知，作者刚到纳瓦霍印第安人保留地时，经历了许多打击。blow在这里表示“打击，挫折”，属于“熟词生义”。
16．A.survive B．succeed
C．recover D．return
解析：选A　根据上下文可知，此处指作者不得不每天为自己能在新的社会环境中生存下去而奋斗。survive意为“生存”，符合语境。
17．A.cases B．communications
C．conflicts D．responsibilities
解析：选C　根据上文中的“overcoming racial differences, handling social”可知，此处指除了要克服种族差异外，作者还需应对社会冲突。conflict意为“冲突”，符合语境。
18．A.promised B．decided
C．afforded D．learned
解析：选B　根据下文可知，作者决定去做夏令营顾问。decide意为“决定”，符合语境。
19．A.basic B．normal
C．special D．natural
解析：选C　根据下文中的“who require assistance because of disabilities”可知，来参加夏令营的人是有特殊需求的人。special意为“特殊的”，符合语境。
20．A.interesting B．rewarding
C．demanding D．appealing
解析：选B　根据下文中的“I knew that I'd helped improve over 850 campers'”及空前的“tiring”可知，此处指这是作者做过的最累人却最有意义的工作。rewarding意为“有意义的，值得做的”，符合语境。
21．A.patience B．independence
C．intelligence D．confidence
解析：选B　根据上文中的“their ability to do things alone”可知，作者帮助那些参加夏令营的人变得更加独立。independence意为“独立”，符合语境。
22．A.unturned B．valuable
C．useful D．unwanted
解析：选D　根据下文中的“recycling hundreds of those books”可知，新学年伊始，作者所在的系要翻新，作者主动提出帮忙把多余的书处理掉。unwanted意为“不需要的；多余的”，符合语境。
23．A.reminded B．comforted
C．informed D．convinced
解析：选D　根据下文可知，作者使系里相信这些书可以有更重要的用途。convince意为“使相信”，符合语境。
24．A.plan B．target
C．purpose D．standard
解析：选C　参见上题解析。意为purpose“用途”，符合语境。
25．A.transformed B．defeated
C．tricked D．impressed
解析：选A　根据下文中的“It made me ...enthusiasm”可知，10个月的经历改变了作者。transform意为“使改变”，符合语境。
26．A.after all B．above all
C．at large D．at least
解析：选B　根据语境及下文中的“I trust that it is through enthusiasm”可知，10个月的经历让作者变得有耐心、懂得感恩、有决心，最重要的是，变得热情。above all意为“最重要的是，尤其是”，符合语境。
27．A.help B．spread
C．matter D．occur
解析：选D　作者相信拥有了对生活的热情、想法以及付诸行动，所有改变都会出现。occur意为“发生；出现”，符合语境。
Ⅳ.语法填空
Lexie Alford recently became the youngest person to travel to every country in the world.By the age of 21，she has visited all the countries in an effort to challenge __1__ (she) and push the envelope of __2__ she believed was possible for a female traveler.
Lexie __3__ (primary) used planes, boats, and trains to get around.It was not all plain sailing and there were many difficulties Lexie met, including __4__ (arrange) visas to enter some countries.But the challenges __5__ (outweigh) by the memorable experiences on her way.“There're so many incredible experiences that can come out of travelling alone because you are more open to the connections with the __6__ (local) than you would be in a big group，” she said.
Lexie had the pleasure of meeting __7__ variety of people and experiencing different cultures.But the most __8__ (value) experience of all was discovering a new sense of independence, she said.
For Lexie, nothing beats travelling, which she described __9__ her favourite part of being alive.“__10__ I would be lying if I said I wasn't enjoying taking time over the past year to recover from all the wear and tear I had done to my body over the past three years，”she added.
语篇解读：Lexie Alford成为史上最年轻的环游世界的女性。旅行中她遇到种种困难和挑战，但与旅行的快乐相比，这些困难和挑战不值一提。
1．herself　考查代词。该句表示她环游各国，挑战自己。主语是she，故填herself。
2．what　考查宾语从句。该句表示她突破了她认为的对女性旅行者来说可能的极限。she believed是插入语，从句中缺少主语。故填what。
3．primarily　考查副词。该句表示她主要使用飞机、船和火车出行。修饰动词应用副词。故填primarily。
4．arranging　考查非谓语词。空前讲述她遇到很多困难，包括办签证。including是介词，后应用动名词。故应填arranging。
5．were outweighed　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。该句表示挑战与她在途中的难忘的经历相比不值一提。此处描述过去发生的事情且主语challenges与outweigh之间为被动关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态，又因主语challenges为复数，故填 were outweighed。
6．locals　考查名词复数。分析句子结构并根据句意可知，此空应用名词，意为“当地人”，local作“当地人”讲时，常用复数。故填locals。
7．a　考查冠词。a variety of是固定短语，意为“种种；各种”。故填a。
8．valuable　考查形容词。空后的experience是名词，意为“经历，体验”，故其前应用形容词修饰。故填valuable。
9．as　考查介词。describe sb./sth.as sth.是固定搭配，意为“把……称为……”。故填as。
10．But　考查连词。空前讲Lexie十分喜欢旅行，并把旅行描述成“活着的最喜欢的事儿”，空后讲述如果Lexie说她不享受用过去一年的时间来恢复过去三年对身体的磨损，那就是说她在撒谎。由此可知，空后内容是从反面来说明Lexie十分喜欢旅行，故前后句构成转折关系。故填But。
Ⅴ.应用文写作
请根据以下信息，介绍一位传奇人物。
姓名
玛丽·居里(Marie Curie/Madame Curie)
出生日期
1867年11月7日
出生地
波兰一个知识分子家庭
兴趣爱好
自幼对物理及阅读很感兴趣
性格特征
意志坚强，有决心
教育经历
当时波兰不允许女子上大学，她去法国深造并获得物理学位
人生态度
弱者等待时机，强者创造时机
主要成就
发现镭，获得诺贝尔奖
评价
对科学界做出巨大贡献，被认为是最伟大的女性科学家之一
　
　
　
　
　
　
参考范文：
Born in an intellectual family in Poland on November 7,1867, Marie Curie, also known as Madame Curie, showed great interest in physics when she was young.
Because of having no chance of being admitted to a university in Poland as a woman at that time, she went to France for further studies and received a degree in physics. In addition, Madame Curie held such an attitude towards life that the weak wait for opportunities while the strong create them.
With strong will and great determination, Madame Curie achieved great success in discovering radium, which enabled her to win the Nobel Prize. It is because she has made great contributions to the world of science that she is regarded as one of the greatest female scientists on account of what she did.