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2024届高考英语一轮总复习必修第二册Unit4HistoryandTraditions教师用书
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UNIT 4 HISTORY AND TRADITIONS
一、阅读词汇——在词块中明义
1．individual freedom 个人自由
2．the sayings of Confucius 孔子的教诲
3．the southern counties 南部各县
4．the cobbled courtyard 铺着鹅卵石的院子
5．a single European currency 统一的欧洲货币
6．a wedding feast 婚礼盛宴
7．many kinds of scent 多种气味
8．sensory organs 感觉器官
9．serve bar snacks 卖小吃
10．during the period of transition 在过渡时期
二、表达词汇——在语境中活用
(一)在括号内写出蓝体词汇在语境中的汉语意思
1．Even worse, the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.(n.数量)
2．When you talk about a person's origin, you are referring to the country, race, or social class of their parents or ancestors.(n.祖先)
3．Nowadays, the approaches to language teaching are more advanced than those in the 1960s.(n.方法)
4．The little boy has already grown into a striking figure.(adj.引人注目的)
5．I should have charged my cellphone last night.Now the battery is running out.(vt.充电)
6．Last week，my brother was appointed chief engineer of the project，which will be completed in an18-month period.(adj.最高级别的)
7．Did you have any trouble with the western customs？(n.风俗)
8．This community has always been very generous.(adj.慷慨的)
9．There are hundreds of scenes in English novels where characters walk through a landscape of fallen leaves that mirrors the feelings of the characters.(n.风景)
10．They went swimming in the nearby river.(adj.附近的)
11．Having abused his position as mayor to give jobs to his friends, Williams is now under investigation.(n.职位)
(二)写出蓝体词汇的语境之义及拓展形式
1．Li Jiang and Su Hua don't agree on what to wear when greeting the British students.(vt.迎接)
拓展：greeting n．问候；招呼
2．Needless to say our house is now surrounded by a jungle.(vt.包围)
拓展：surrounding adj.周围的→surroundings n．周围的环境
3．Peter had been puzzled over the problem for over an hour when all at once the solution flashed across his mind.(vt.迷惑)
拓展：puzzled adj.迷惑不解的→puzzling adj.令人迷惑的
4．The photos belong in an album.(vi.应在)
拓展：belongings n．财物，动产
5．They fought to the last breath in defence of freedom and of the benefits of the people.(n.保卫)
拓展：defend vt.保护；保卫
6．Thousands of people crowded the narrow streets.(vt.挤满)
拓展：crowded adj.拥挤的
7．Evidence obtained from observation and experiment is often used to confirm a scientific theory.(n. 证据)
拓展：evident adj.明显的；显而易见的；显然的
8．With 30 years of painstaking efforts, we have scored great achievements that have been recognized worldwide.(n.成就)
拓展：achieve vt.完成；达到
9．The hotel is in a lovely location overlooking the lake.(n.地方)
拓展：locate vt.定位，找出……的准确位置
10．I advise fully researching their meanings and origins to gain an instructive and fascinating insight into the cultural history of China.(adj.极有吸引力的)
拓展：fascinate v．深深吸引；迷住→fascination n. 着迷；入迷
11．The plan for Xiongan New Area was announced officially on April 1, 2017.(vt.宣布)
拓展：announcement n．公告，通告，布告→announcer n．广播员
12．Make sure you have everything you need to ensure your success.(vt.确保)
拓展：sure adj.确信的，可靠的
13．Not realizing who she was, the assistant was eager to serve her this time.(adj.渴望的)
拓展：eagerness n．渴望，热心
三、词块短语——在语境中辨义活用
写出或选出加蓝部分在语境中的汉语意思
1．After she gave birth, he and his family joined the others in White Bird Canyon to the south.把……和……连接起来
2．The wooden house belonging to me is being decorated now.属于
3．A province attempted to break away from the country, which accounted for why the president was upset.脱离
4．When crossing the street, you need to keep your eyes open for the passing cars.留意
5．The person in charge of the gallery announced that any individual mustn't take pictures.负责
6．Dating back to the 18th century, Peking Opera has over two hundred years of history.追溯至
7．As one of the most deadly natural disasters in the world，earthquakes often result in many people being injured or killed.导致
8．Malaysia is dotted with plains，forested hills and mountains that cover both east and west Malaysia.点缀着
9．Good programs on television may have a great influence on children.对……有很大的影响
10．With many years passing by, the ancient building has already laid in ruins.成为废墟
11．Your wife as well as you is friendly to me, for which I am very grateful.B
A．同(一样也) B．和 C．还
四、经典句式——在佳句背诵中品悟规则用法
1.
教材
原句
So what is the difference between them, if any? (状语从句的省略)
那么，如果这些名称有区别的话，区别何在？
写作
亮句
There may be some mistakes in my application and resume.If any, please help me point them out.我的申请表和履历可能有一些错误。如果有的话，请帮我指出来。
2.
教材
原句
If you keep your eyes open, you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.(keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
用心去观察，英国的过去与现在都将展示在你面前，令你叹为观止。
写作
亮句
Speaking of table manners, keep your voice low during the meal.
说到餐桌礼仪，吃饭时要小声说话。
文化
典句
Keep good men company and you shall be of the number.近朱者赤，近墨者黑。
3.
教材原句
The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.(with复合结构)
“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。
写作亮句
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)The twins prepared the breakfast with a card added on what they had made.这对双胞胎准备了早餐，并在他们做的早餐上面加了一张卡片。
五、“续写”片段——在背诵中品悟如何写靓写美
心理或动作描写之“害怕”
Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse.It got such a fright that it rushed at a high speed.I, frightened too, grabbed the rein tightly.Minutes later, the horse was off the track and I found that there was no sign of my dad.In the middle of nowhere, I felt a wave of fear wrap around me.Worse still, the rain came pouring down and I was wet through.After seemingly long hours, there came a loud cry of my dad.As a quick response, I shouted in a loud voice, “Dad, I'm here！” Tracing my voice, Dad finally found me and we got reunited.
突然一只小兔子跳到我的马前面。马吓得飞快奔跑。我也很害怕，紧紧抓住缰绳。几分钟后，马离开了小道，我的视线里没有了父亲的身影。在茫茫荒野中，我感到一阵恐惧笼罩着我。更糟糕的是，大雨倾盆而下，我浑身湿透了。似乎过了很长时间，爸爸的大喊声传来。我快速回应，大声喊道：“爸爸，我在这里！”追踪着我的声音，爸爸终于找到了我，我们团聚了。
[点评] 本段中的动作词块rush at a high speed, grab the rein tightly, wrap around, shout in a loud voice 生动地表达了马和作者的 fright, frightened, fear等害怕的心理，同时又通过 off the track, no sign of my dad, pour down, wet through, After seemingly long hours, a quick response渲染了作者的心慌与害怕。
1．surround vt.围绕；包围
[题点全练](单句语法填空)
①(2020·浙江7月高考写作)The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp, which was_surrounded (surround) by a high wire fence.
②Surrounding yourself with people who'll provide you with respect and support can be very beneficial.
[系统归纳]
surround ...with ... 用……包围/围绕……
be surrounded by/with ... 被……包围/环绕
2．belong vi.应在(某处)；适应
[题点全练](单句语法填空/同义句转换)
①A tiger is a large fierce animal which belongs to the cat family.
②A tiger is a large fierce animal belonging_to_the_cat_family.(把①句改为简单句)
[系统归纳]
(1)belong to表示“是……的财产；是……组成部分；是……的成员(属于)”，不能用于进行时态和被动语态；作后置定语时常用现在分词形式。
(2)belongings n． 财物；动产
3．amount n．金额；数量
[题点全练](单句语法填空)
①A large amount of money was (be) spent on the construction of the school last year.
②Large amounts of honey and butter were (be) used to make this kind of snack.
③Consumers' spending on sports-related products amounted to ￡9.75 billion.
[系统归纳]
(1)a large/small amount of＋n.[U]＋v.(单数)
large/small amounts of＋n.[U]＋v.(复数)
the amount of ... ……的数量
(2)amount to 共计，总计；等于，相当于
4．approach n．方法；途径；接近vt.接近；接洽；着手处理 vi.靠近
[题点全练](单句语法填空/完成句子)
①The best approach to building (build) up your body is to do exercise every day.
②Yesterday we held a meeting and made an approach to the low-carbon lifestyle.
③At the approach of the cinema，he stopped and waited for his friends.
④As Teachers' Day was_approaching，our class decided to hold a party to celebrate it.
随着教师节的临近，我们班决定举行一场晚会来庆祝。
[系统归纳]
(1)the approach to ... 通往……的道路；……的方法
at the approach of 在快到……的时候
make an approach to 对……进行探讨
(2)be approaching 正在/将要到来
(3)与名词approach搭配的to为介词，后面要跟名词、动名词或代词作宾语。
5．break away (from sb./sth.) 脱离；背叛；逃脱
[题点全练]
用break短语的适当形式填空
①The girl broke_away_from her mother and ran away.
②Fred has given me no good reason for wanting to break_up our marriage.
③To my disappointment, the car broke_down on the way to their wedding.
④When I got home，I found my house broken_into and some money stolen.
⑤He was charging his mobile phone when the fire broke_out.
⑥It was much annoying that she constantly broke_in during our conversation.
[系统归纳]
break down 出故障；失败；垮掉；分解
break in 破门而入；打断(谈话等)
break into 强行闯入；突然……起来
break out (战争、火灾等)爆发；发生(无被动语态)
break up 解散；分拆；驱散；分手；结束；放假
6．as well as 同(一样也)；和；还
[题点全练](单句语法填空/完成句子)
①The teacher as well as his students is (be) going to have a picnic this weekend.
②She can sing; she_can_play_the_piano_as_well.
她会唱歌，也会弹钢琴。
③The weather is so bad that we might_as_well_stay_at_home.
天气太糟了，我们还是待在家里为好。
[系统归纳]
(1)as well as常用于连接两个并列的句子成分；若连接主语及其附属成分时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致。
(2)as well常位于肯定句句末，无需用逗号与句子分开。
(3)may/might as well意为“还是……为好；不妨……”。
1．puzzle n．迷；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑
[题点全练](单句语法填空)
①The police are still puzzling_about/over how the accident could have happened.
②I've been trying to puzzle out why she's so upset.
③You will be puzzled about their meanings if you don't learn about the background of these Tang poems.
[进阶学习]
系统归纳
(1)puzzle about/over 冥思苦想；苦苦思索
puzzle sth. out 琢磨出……的答案
(2)be puzzled about 对……迷惑不解
难点解释
(1)puzzle用作可数名词时常指“让人感到迷惑的事情”，如a puzzle to sb.(一件让某人感到困惑的事情)。
(2)puzzled adj.迷惑不解的 (常用来修饰人或人的表情等)
puzzling adj.令人迷惑的(常用来修饰事物)
[练重难点](单句语法填空)
④Where the virus came from was a puzzle to the scientists.
⑤When the little girl was asked such a puzzling question, she stood there with a puzzled look on her face.(puzzle)
2．charge n．收费；指控；主管vt.收费；控告；充电
[题点全练](单句语法填空)
①(2020·天津5月高考)Your replacement card will be produced free of charge.
②I wonder how much you will charge me for the six-week course.
③He was charged with stealing a car last week，which made all of us puzzled.
[进阶学习]
系统归纳
(1)free of charge＝for free 免费
(2)charge sb.for sth.为某物向某人收取费用
charge sb.with (doing) sth.控告某人(做)某事
辨析比较
(1)动词短语 take charge of以人作主语，指“某人负责/主管某事”。
(2)介词短语in charge of 多以人为逻辑主语，指“某人负责/主管某事”。
(3)介词短语in the charge of 多以物为逻辑主语，指“某物由某人掌管/负责”。
[练重难点](一句多译)
多年来，格林小姐一直掌管这家公司。
④Miss Green has_been_in_charge_of/has_taken_charge_of the company for many years.
⑤For many years the company_has_been_in_the_charge_of_Miss Green.
3．announce vt.宣布；通知；声称
[题点全练](单句语法填空/完成句子)
①At the end of the meeting, it was_announced (announce) that an agreement had been reached.
②Our head teacher made an announcement just now.
③It's_my_great_honour_to_announce_that I am running for chairman of the Students' Union.
我很荣幸地宣布我将竞选学生会主席。
[进阶学习]
系统归纳
(1)announce sth.to sb.＝ announce to sb.sth. 向某人宣布某事
announce that ... 宣布……
It is/was announced that ... 据宣布……
(2)announcement n. 宣告；通告
make an announcement 发布通告
难点解释
(1)announce熟词生义：预示
(2)announce后不接双宾语，常用于announce sth.to sb.结构，用法类似的动词还有suggest, explain等。
[练重难点]
写出加黑词在语境中的含义/单句语法填空
④The first few leaves on the ground announced the beginning of autumn.预示
⑤The government announced to the media the plan to develop a new project.
1．keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语
[用法规则]
keep复合结构的构成：
keep＋sb./sth.＋形容词/副词
keep＋sb./sth.＋介词短语
keep＋sb./sth.＋doing(表示动作持续进行)
keep＋sb./sth.＋done(表示被动)
[应用体验](单句语法填空/完成句子)
①You must keep your eyes closed (close) when doing eye exercise.
②The question kept me wondering (wonder) for the rest of the night.
③For another, spending too much time on entertainment will only keep_us_away_from_our
studies.另一方面，在娱乐上花费太多的时间只会使我们远离我们的学习。
④Attending adventure activities has a great impact on keeping_our_mental_health.
参加冒险活动对保持我们的心理健康也有很大的影响。
2．with复合结构
[用法规则]
“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”构成的复合结构除了在句中作状语外，还可以作定语。主要结构如下：
with＋宾语＋
[应用体验](单句语法填空/完成句子)
①(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Every runner tried their best to finish the task, with their classmates along the way giving (give) them necessary help as well as encouragement.
②With more and more forests damaged (damage), some animals and plants are facing the danger of dying out.
③With a lot of homework to_do (do), I can't go skating with you.
④The child with_only_a_shirt_on was trembling with cold.
只穿着一件衬衫的那个孩子冻得直发抖。
聚焦历史变迁，关注历史人物介绍、地方的兴衰以及文化的迁移和影响，有助于培养学生的社会责任意识，引导学生树立正确的历史观。历年高考英语常可觅其踪迹，如：2017年全国卷Ⅰ书面表达，给正在向你学习汉语的英国朋友Leslie写封邮件告知下次上课的计划，内容包括简要了解唐朝的历史。
LIANDA：A PLACE OF PASSION，
BELIEF AND COMMITMENT
(节选自外研版新教材选择性必修第三册UNIT 3)
In 1937, the aggression of the Japanese army brought disaster to China's three great universities: Peking University and Tsinghua University were occupied by Japanese troops, while Nankai University was completely destroyed by bombing.To save their educational and intellectual heritage, the three universities joined together in Kunming as National Southwest Associated University, otherwise known as Lianda.(联大的由来)
However, despite the immense hardships and the daunting challenges, it was right in this place, over a period of eight long years, that the nation's intellectual heritage was not only guarded but fortified by the passion and belief of the worthy academics of Lianda.❶It is no wonder that many, if not most, of China's leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda, including the two Nobel Prize-winning physicists, Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao.“Lianda laid the foundation for every achievement I have made，” Yang recalled.He still remembers learning in a temporary classroom that had no glass in the windows.“❷On windy days, we had to hold down the paper on the desk, which would otherwise be blown away，” he said.(联大当年艰苦的教学条件)
❸With the country at war, students at Lianda were not going to shirk their duty.Driven by a sense of commitment, a great many joined the army to resist the Japanese invaders and defend the honour of the nation.In fact, Lianda provided the largest number of student-soldiers from any campus in China.Of the thousands of college students from all over China who served as interpreters, one tenth were from Lianda, including the well-known translators Zha Liangzheng and Xu Yuanchong.Zha later depicted the contributions of his peers in a poem：
Softly, on the hillside forgotten by all，
A misty rain falls in a gentle breeze；
There is no trace of the footprints of history；
Where brave souls once stood, breathing new life into the trees.(联大的历史贡献)
A product of the war, Lianda is now physically gone.But it has become the crowning glory of China's modern universities, not only because of its prominent professors and talented students，but also because of the school's strong spirit of perseverance and dedication.(对联大的评价)
由教材学写法
1．学亮点词汇
第一段中的completely描写了南开大学在战争中被彻底损毁的状态。第二段中的immense 和daunting 写出了当时形势的艰难，在此背景之下，又用emerge一词生动展现了联大人才辈出的情形。 同时，guard和fortify这两个词汇描述了国家的知识遗产不仅得到了保护，还得到了强化，体现了联大的使命和历史功绩。
2．学高级句式
句❶是一个主从复合句，It is no wonder that句型突显了联大杰出学者们的热情和信念在其以后的发展中的奠基作用。
句❷是一个主从复合句，which引导的非限制性定语从句在句中起到补充说明的作用，进一步展现了当时条件的恶劣。
句❸是一个简单句，句中运用了with复合结构作状语，介词短语at war作补语，简洁明了地讲述了国家当时正处于战争状态。
3．学行文逻辑
本文节选部分写作结构为“分—总”。文章紧抓联大的历史功绩这个线索，采用分叙法，从战火下被摧毁的校园到联大的历史功绩，再到联大涌现的优秀人物，把头绪纷繁、错综复杂的事情，写得条理清晰，有条不紊。
Ⅰ.多积词块——丰富表达方式
1．in peace 和平地
2．at war 处于交战状态
3．turn against 背叛
4．serve in the army 服兵役
5．defend against ... 防御……
6．devote ...to ... 把……奉献给……
7．shirk one's duty 逃避责任
8．in memory of ... 为了纪念……
9．lay the foundation for 为……奠定基础
10．have a history of ... 有……的历史
11．on behalf of 代表……
12．come to power 当权；上台执政
13．for the benefit of 为了……的利益
14．be made of 由……做成
Ⅱ.多积佳句——彰显表达功底
1．In Chinese history, there was a time when China was the strongest and richest country in the world.
在中国历史上，曾经有过一段时期中国是世界上最强大和最富裕的国家。
2．While wandering among the shops in the antique block, the selling voice spreading to the ears can make you feel like being in another world.
游客徜徉在古色古香的街区店铺之间，耳边传来声声叫卖，让你感觉置身于另一个世界。
3．The countries have been at peace for more than a century.
这些国家和平共处已有一个多世纪。
4．Only when the system has been abolished will it be possible to abolish poverty, unemployment and war.
只有废除了这种制度才有可能消除贫困、失业和战争。
5．Tsinghua University got its name because it was located in Qinghua Garden.
清华大学因位于清华园而得名。
一、作文补写表达亮
下面是一篇介绍长城的短文，请根据提示，运用上面所学，将文章补充完整。
The Great Wall，❶which_is_more_than_20,000_kilometres_long (20 000多公里长；非限制性定语从句), is the longest wall in the world.It ❷has_a_history_of_more_than_2,000_years (有2 000多年的历史)．❸It_is_made_of_stones_and_bricks (它是用砖石做成的) and almost all the construction was done by hand without any machine.❹With_watchtowers_lined_along_the_wall (沿途分布着瞭望台；with复合结构) every few hundred metres, it was built ❺to_defend_the_country (保卫国家) against foreign invaders.Now, the Great Wall is ❻one_of_the_most_famous_places_of_interest (最著名的名胜古迹之一) in China and it attracts ❼many_visitors_from_all_over_the_world (来自世界各地的众多游客) every year.
If you have a chance to visit it, you will be delighted with the great tourist attraction.
二、看图写作善联想
根据下面图片展开合理想象，用80词左右的片段介绍中国人民抗日战争胜利纪念日设立的意义和对自己的启发。
September_3rd_is_set_as_a_commemoration_day_to_celebrate_the_victory_of_the_Anti-Japanese_War_and_memorize_the_brave_soldiers_who_lost_their_lives_in_the_war.So_it_is_significant_for_us_Chinese,_especially_for_us_teenagers.It_was_the_struggle_and_sacrifices_of_that_generation_that_saved_China.In_addition,_we_should_devote_all_our_energies_to_studying_to_prepare_ourselves_to_build_a_better_China.And_only_in_this_way_can_China_stand_among_the_great_powers_of_the_world_and_make_contributions_to_world_peace.
课时作业(一) 语篇阅读训练——保准度
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Many older people around the world have at least one common concern: How to get younger people, hooked on their electronic devices, interested in classic literature. Take the Monkey King, or Sun Wukong, as an example. The main character in the 16thcentury classic novel, Journey to the West, is a romantic figure of bravery and adventure that charmed millions of readers before the appearance of online attractions.
Havoc in Heaven, a new Beijing Opera film, attracted the wider public to the glamor of the traditional Chinese performance art, featuring one of the bestknown chapters from Journey to the West. This film, expected to create a new channel to promote Beijing Opera, includes nearly all the key ingredients of Beijing Opera. It covers all the basic techniques, more than 10 classic tunes, and makeup for dozens of facial representations of different figures' characteristics.
It's actually a big challenge to combine Beijing Opera and film, each of which has its own rhythm, according to Cheng Lu, director of the film, who is adopting a fresh approach to present the traditional art form. One challenge that Cheng and his production team faced is how to balance the new approach with maintaining the fundamentals of the art. The basic principles and performance skills in Beijing Opera cannot be changed.
Some background images on stage, such as a painted waterfall, remain, and a live band was on the set to provide sound for the film, rather than employing the prerecorded music. “If we change traditions to cater to people's taste and preference for a regular film, it will no longer be a Beijing Opera piece of art，” Cheng said.
On the other hand, some creativity was needed because Cheng and his team did not just want to document a stage performance. Computer technology is also applied to achieve some visual effects and to present impossible scenes.
Beijing Opera films played a powerful role in the 1960s and 1970s, but they gave way to more diverse entertainment. In recent years, there has been a recovery in the popularity of Beijing Opera films. However, the overuse of special effects in many film adaptations of Beijing Opera plays has weakened the original charm of the stage performances. The imagination (enabled by the stage) can never be sacrificed for a film's expression.
语篇解读：导演程箓拍摄的京剧电影《大闹天宫》旨在通过电影的方式来推广京剧。但是，电影和舞台戏剧有很大的区别，程箓导演和他的团队创造性地应用了一些电脑技术，但保留了传统戏剧的精髓，毕竟京剧的精髓不能丢。
1．What is the purpose of the first paragraph?
A．To blame young people addicted to electronic devices.
B．To introduce a new Beijing Opera film.
C．To express older people's concern about the young generation.
D．To arouse readers' interest in traditional Chinese performance art.
解析：选B 写作意图题。本段以年长的人期望年轻人对经典文学感兴趣来引出《西游记》中的孙悟空，进而在第二段引出本文的话题——京剧电影《大闹天宫》。
2．What did Director Cheng do while producing the film?
A．He made changes to basic performance skills.
B．He made use of symbols and motions equally.
C．He insisted on a band playing music on the scene.
D．He brought onto the stage exact details of real life.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“a live band ...the prerecorded music”可知， 程箓导演在拍摄影片时让乐队现场演奏。
3．What innovation did Cheng's team make?
A．They opposed a rigid recording of the performance.
B．They enriched visual effects with modern technology.
C．They allowed actors to repeat actions before the camera.
D．They adopted real explosion scenes during the shooting.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“some creativity was needed”和本段最后一句可知，程箓导演和他的团队创造性地应用了电脑技术来实现一些视觉效果并呈现一些舞台戏剧无法实现的场景。
4．What can we conclude from the last paragraph?
A．Imagination is a unique charm of Beijing Opera films.
B．Technology makes up for the loss of stage imagination.
C．There is some possibility for a film to replace Beijing Opera.
D．The original charm of Beijing Opera cannot be sacrificed for films.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“However, the overuse ...a film's expression”可推断出，不能为了电影而牺牲京剧本身的魅力。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
In America, it's long been a tradition that tips are given to a person who provides good service.Of course, the tip is in addition to the bill.__5__ The general rule is to tip according to the service.
Restaurants
You may be surprised to know that waiters at the restaurants usually get low pay.__6__ Therefore, please make sure to tip properly when you visit a restaurant.For a fullservice, sitdown meal, 15 to 20 percent of the pretax (税前的) bill is customary.__7__
Travel
You should tip a taxi driver around 10% of your taxi fare, because the taxi driver usually helps you load and unload the bags.When you reach the airport, there are porters who can help with the bags.__8__ When you reach the hotel, you should tip D|S1 or D|S2 per bag to the doorman who helps you with your bags.
Barbershops and beauty salons
When you go for a haircut, beauty treatment, shampoo, shave or other similar services, you should generally tip at least 10%－20% of the bill to the service provider.
No tipping
There is no tipping required at the gas station.__9__
Unless someone helps you load bags in your car, there is no tipping required at the grocery store.
A．Most gas stations are selfservice.
B．You should tip them D|S1 or D|S2 per bag.
C．Tipping practices can change depending upon the situation.
D．That is because they are expected to get tips from customers.
E．Many visitors to the US feel it isn't fair or reasonable to tip.
F．Tipping is the means by which others are thanked for their good service.
G．Of course, if no service is provided by the waiters, there is no need to tip.
语篇解读：本文是说明文，介绍了在美国，享受到优质服务时，人们通常会有给提供服务的人付小费的惯例。
5．选C C项内容与下文中的“The general rule is to tip according to the service”涉及同一话题，即付小费的惯例，且两句话都是对付小费惯例的总体介绍，不涉及具体情境，因此C项符合语境。
6．选D D项内容与上文中的“waiters at the restaurants ususlly get low pay”构成因果关系，餐馆服务员工资一般较低，那是因为他们通常会从顾客那里拿到小费。
7．选G 根据G项中的waiters可知，该项内容与Restaurants标题所引领段落的话题一致，而该项内容与空前一句并列，介绍了外出用餐时享受服务不同时，付小费的规则也有所不同。
8．选B 根据B项中的bag可推断，B项内容与Travel标题引领段落相关，介绍与行李服务相关的付小费惯例。B项中的them指代上文中的porters。
9．选A A项内容与上文中的“There is no tipping required at the gas station”构成因果关系，且A项中的gas stations复现上文中的gas station。
Ⅲ.完形填空
In 2019, I went on a winter break trip with my family. One of our __10__ was London.The first thing that I __11__ when I landed in London was the weather.It was too __12__ for my liking as it required me to wear a thick jacket.
After some __13__ using a map of London, we decided to go to Buckingham Palace first.Buckingham Palace was one of the __14__ of a “hopon, hopoff (随上随下)” bus that we took.The palace itself didn't look very big or impressive from the entrance __15__ it got much more impressive when you entered the gates.
While continuing on the “hopon, hopoff” bus, we __16__ the London Bridge, which I didn't notice until the driver pointed it out to me.While it felt kind of special to be driving on such an iconic (符号的) bridge, the __17__ was not as cool as one would imagine it to be.Besides its history, this bridge was just another bridge that __18__ two masses of land, something that pretty much all __19__ do.
When we __20__ Big Ben, we decided to hop off the bus and take some __21__.Big Ben was a pretty __22__ experience for me.In many pictures of London, Big Ben is a very visible building in the skyline, and it was very nice for me to see the clock tower __23__.I am a big fan of skyscrapers and skyscraperlike buildings so this clock tower certainly caught my __24__.
10．A.stops B．topics
C．places D．changes
解析：选A 由上文可知，“我”和家人是去旅游，伦敦是我们这次旅行的目的地之一。
11．A.forgot B．told
C．noticed D．liked
解析：选C 结合本句中的“The first thing”和下文中的“It was too ...a thick jacket”可知，伦敦的天气令“我”印象深刻，也就是说抵达伦敦后“我”最先“注意到(noticed)”的事是那里的天气。
12．A.foggy B．cold
C．dry D．clear
解析：选B 由下文中的“it required me to wear a thick jacket”可知，伦敦的天气对“我”来说太“冷”了。
13．A.testing B．planning
C．touring D．calling
解析：选B 由常识以及下文中的“using a map of London”可知，到了一个陌生的地方旅行，人们首先会利用当地的地图规划旅游路线。
14．A.ways B．dreams
C．starts D．destinations
解析：选D 由上文中的“we decided to go to Buckingham Palace first”可知，我们打算先去参观白金汉宫，而我们乘坐的随上随下观光巴士有一站就在白金汉宫停。
15．A.so B．if
C．but D．until
解析：选C 根据本空前后部分中的“didn't ...impressive”与“got ...impressive”可知，本空前后部分之间为转折关系，故选but。
16．A.greeted B．passed
C．checked D．found
解析：选B 由下文中的“driving on such an iconic bridge”可知，我们正在“通过(passed)”伦敦桥。
17．A.history B．example
C．position D．experience
解析：选D 由本段中的“I didn't notice”和下文的“not as cool as one would imagine it to be”可知，本段描述的是“我”看到伦敦桥的经历，很显然，这段经历并不怎么好。
18．A.mixes B．spreads
C．ends D．connects
解析：选D 由本句中的“two masses of land”可知，此处是说桥原本的作用——连接两片陆地。
19．A.bridges B．buses
C．drivers D．towers
解析：选A 本空所在部分是对“this bridge was just another bridge”的补充说明：在“我”看来，伦敦桥跟其他的桥没什么不同。
20．A.reached B．built
C．visited D．left
解析：选A 由下文中的“we decided to hop off the bus”可知，我们决定下车是因为“抵达(reached)”了大本钟。
21．A.notes B．steps
C．pictures D．lessons
解析：选C 根据常识以及下文描述“我”对摩天大楼的喜爱可知，游客下车参观大本钟，自然会拍一些照片。
22．A.similar B．cool
C．bad D．common
解析：选B 由下文中的“it was very nice for me to see the clock tower”可知，“我”很喜欢大本钟，因此这段经历对“我”来说很不错。
23．A.in return B．in public
C．in advance D．in person
解析：选D 由上下文可知，不同于在照片上看到大本钟，“我”这次是亲眼见到它。in person表示“亲自，亲身”。
24．A.ear B．mind
C．eye D．hand
解析：选C 由本句中的“I am a big fan of skyscrapers and skyscraperlike buildings”可知，“我”喜欢摩天大楼之类的建筑，因此宏伟的大本钟自然是吸引了“我”的注意力。catch sb.'s eye表示“引起某人的注意”。
Ⅳ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Once in a kingdom, a man named Liam protested against the King.The King was so angry because he didn't like anyone going against him so he ordered his soldiers to arrest and hang the man.Liam didn't show any fear and said, “My Lord, I will gladly accept your punishment but please grant me one last wish.Please give me some time.Before dying I just want to visit my home and see my children one last time.”
The King refused his request, saying, “No, I can't allow it.There is no guarantee that once you leave you will come back.”
Just then a man from the crowd came forward and said, “My Lord, please arrest me instead of him as a guarantee.If he doesn't come back on time, you can hang me instead of him.”
The King was surprised because he had never seen a man who would offer his own life for someone else.He believed that there was no real friendship in the world.The King asked him, “Why are you ready to take this person's place？”
The man replied, “My Lord, Liam is my best friend and I have trust in him.He is a man who always keeps his promise. I am sure that he will be back once he finishes meeting his family.”
The King agreed and allowed Liam to leave for his home.He was given six hours in all.He would need one hour to go and come back from his house, so he had at most five hours to meet his family.Liam left for his house.He met his family.He still had enough time to reach the King's palace before the time of his hanging.
Liam wanted to come back to the hanging place as soon as possible, but on his way he fell from his horse and got hurt.Because of this, he got delayed.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Paragraph 1：
At the same time, as time passed his friend was being held and prepared for hanging.
Paragraph 2：
Listening to this, Liam went up to his friend and said，
参考范文：
Paragraph 1：
At the same time, as time passed his friend was being held and prepared for hanging.His friend was standing on board to be hanged, happy to give his own life for him.Just as his friend was about to be hanged, Liam arrived, out of breath, and fell to the ground.Liam shouted, “Please stop! I am back.Please set my best friend free.”His friend replied, “Liam! You are finally back.I would be happy to take your place and die here.”
Paragraph 2：
Listening to this, Liam went up to his friend and said, “My friend, thank you for your help.Now please go.This is my punishment and I should face it.” Seeing this, the King was greatly touched by their friendship and said, “I forgive you. I had never thought that you would keep your promise.More importantly, your true friendship has made a deep impression on me.You are so lucky to have a friend who has trust in you and always stays by your side no matter what happens.You both are free to go.”
一、阅读词汇——在词块中明义
1．individual freedom 个人自由
2．the sayings of Confucius 孔子的教诲
3．the southern counties 南部各县
4．the cobbled courtyard 铺着鹅卵石的院子
5．a single European currency 统一的欧洲货币
6．a wedding feast 婚礼盛宴
7．many kinds of scent 多种气味
8．sensory organs 感觉器官
9．serve bar snacks 卖小吃
10．during the period of transition 在过渡时期
二、表达词汇——在语境中活用
(一)在括号内写出蓝体词汇在语境中的汉语意思
1．Even worse, the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.(n.数量)
2．When you talk about a person's origin, you are referring to the country, race, or social class of their parents or ancestors.(n.祖先)
3．Nowadays, the approaches to language teaching are more advanced than those in the 1960s.(n.方法)
4．The little boy has already grown into a striking figure.(adj.引人注目的)
5．I should have charged my cellphone last night.Now the battery is running out.(vt.充电)
6．Last week，my brother was appointed chief engineer of the project，which will be completed in an18-month period.(adj.最高级别的)
7．Did you have any trouble with the western customs？(n.风俗)
8．This community has always been very generous.(adj.慷慨的)
9．There are hundreds of scenes in English novels where characters walk through a landscape of fallen leaves that mirrors the feelings of the characters.(n.风景)
10．They went swimming in the nearby river.(adj.附近的)
11．Having abused his position as mayor to give jobs to his friends, Williams is now under investigation.(n.职位)
(二)写出蓝体词汇的语境之义及拓展形式
1．Li Jiang and Su Hua don't agree on what to wear when greeting the British students.(vt.迎接)
拓展：greeting n．问候；招呼
2．Needless to say our house is now surrounded by a jungle.(vt.包围)
拓展：surrounding adj.周围的→surroundings n．周围的环境
3．Peter had been puzzled over the problem for over an hour when all at once the solution flashed across his mind.(vt.迷惑)
拓展：puzzled adj.迷惑不解的→puzzling adj.令人迷惑的
4．The photos belong in an album.(vi.应在)
拓展：belongings n．财物，动产
5．They fought to the last breath in defence of freedom and of the benefits of the people.(n.保卫)
拓展：defend vt.保护；保卫
6．Thousands of people crowded the narrow streets.(vt.挤满)
拓展：crowded adj.拥挤的
7．Evidence obtained from observation and experiment is often used to confirm a scientific theory.(n. 证据)
拓展：evident adj.明显的；显而易见的；显然的
8．With 30 years of painstaking efforts, we have scored great achievements that have been recognized worldwide.(n.成就)
拓展：achieve vt.完成；达到
9．The hotel is in a lovely location overlooking the lake.(n.地方)
拓展：locate vt.定位，找出……的准确位置
10．I advise fully researching their meanings and origins to gain an instructive and fascinating insight into the cultural history of China.(adj.极有吸引力的)
拓展：fascinate v．深深吸引；迷住→fascination n. 着迷；入迷
11．The plan for Xiongan New Area was announced officially on April 1, 2017.(vt.宣布)
拓展：announcement n．公告，通告，布告→announcer n．广播员
12．Make sure you have everything you need to ensure your success.(vt.确保)
拓展：sure adj.确信的，可靠的
13．Not realizing who she was, the assistant was eager to serve her this time.(adj.渴望的)
拓展：eagerness n．渴望，热心
三、词块短语——在语境中辨义活用
写出或选出加蓝部分在语境中的汉语意思
1．After she gave birth, he and his family joined the others in White Bird Canyon to the south.把……和……连接起来
2．The wooden house belonging to me is being decorated now.属于
3．A province attempted to break away from the country, which accounted for why the president was upset.脱离
4．When crossing the street, you need to keep your eyes open for the passing cars.留意
5．The person in charge of the gallery announced that any individual mustn't take pictures.负责
6．Dating back to the 18th century, Peking Opera has over two hundred years of history.追溯至
7．As one of the most deadly natural disasters in the world，earthquakes often result in many people being injured or killed.导致
8．Malaysia is dotted with plains，forested hills and mountains that cover both east and west Malaysia.点缀着
9．Good programs on television may have a great influence on children.对……有很大的影响
10．With many years passing by, the ancient building has already laid in ruins.成为废墟
11．Your wife as well as you is friendly to me, for which I am very grateful.B
A．同(一样也) B．和 C．还
四、经典句式——在佳句背诵中品悟规则用法
1.
教材
原句
So what is the difference between them, if any? (状语从句的省略)
那么，如果这些名称有区别的话，区别何在？
写作
亮句
There may be some mistakes in my application and resume.If any, please help me point them out.我的申请表和履历可能有一些错误。如果有的话，请帮我指出来。
2.
教材
原句
If you keep your eyes open, you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present.(keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
用心去观察，英国的过去与现在都将展示在你面前，令你叹为观止。
写作
亮句
Speaking of table manners, keep your voice low during the meal.
说到餐桌礼仪，吃饭时要小声说话。
文化
典句
Keep good men company and you shall be of the number.近朱者赤，近墨者黑。
3.
教材原句
The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green counties is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle.(with复合结构)
“绿宝石(爱尔兰)岛”风光宁静秀美，郡县草木葱茏，青山连绵起伏，牛羊点缀其中，堪称一场名副其实的视觉盛宴。
写作亮句
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)The twins prepared the breakfast with a card added on what they had made.这对双胞胎准备了早餐，并在他们做的早餐上面加了一张卡片。
五、“续写”片段——在背诵中品悟如何写靓写美
心理或动作描写之“害怕”
Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse.It got such a fright that it rushed at a high speed.I, frightened too, grabbed the rein tightly.Minutes later, the horse was off the track and I found that there was no sign of my dad.In the middle of nowhere, I felt a wave of fear wrap around me.Worse still, the rain came pouring down and I was wet through.After seemingly long hours, there came a loud cry of my dad.As a quick response, I shouted in a loud voice, “Dad, I'm here！” Tracing my voice, Dad finally found me and we got reunited.
突然一只小兔子跳到我的马前面。马吓得飞快奔跑。我也很害怕，紧紧抓住缰绳。几分钟后，马离开了小道，我的视线里没有了父亲的身影。在茫茫荒野中，我感到一阵恐惧笼罩着我。更糟糕的是，大雨倾盆而下，我浑身湿透了。似乎过了很长时间，爸爸的大喊声传来。我快速回应，大声喊道：“爸爸，我在这里！”追踪着我的声音，爸爸终于找到了我，我们团聚了。
[点评] 本段中的动作词块rush at a high speed, grab the rein tightly, wrap around, shout in a loud voice 生动地表达了马和作者的 fright, frightened, fear等害怕的心理，同时又通过 off the track, no sign of my dad, pour down, wet through, After seemingly long hours, a quick response渲染了作者的心慌与害怕。
1．surround vt.围绕；包围
[题点全练](单句语法填空)
①(2020·浙江7月高考写作)The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp, which was_surrounded (surround) by a high wire fence.
②Surrounding yourself with people who'll provide you with respect and support can be very beneficial.
[系统归纳]
surround ...with ... 用……包围/围绕……
be surrounded by/with ... 被……包围/环绕
2．belong vi.应在(某处)；适应
[题点全练](单句语法填空/同义句转换)
①A tiger is a large fierce animal which belongs to the cat family.
②A tiger is a large fierce animal belonging_to_the_cat_family.(把①句改为简单句)
[系统归纳]
(1)belong to表示“是……的财产；是……组成部分；是……的成员(属于)”，不能用于进行时态和被动语态；作后置定语时常用现在分词形式。
(2)belongings n． 财物；动产
3．amount n．金额；数量
[题点全练](单句语法填空)
①A large amount of money was (be) spent on the construction of the school last year.
②Large amounts of honey and butter were (be) used to make this kind of snack.
③Consumers' spending on sports-related products amounted to ￡9.75 billion.
[系统归纳]
(1)a large/small amount of＋n.[U]＋v.(单数)
large/small amounts of＋n.[U]＋v.(复数)
the amount of ... ……的数量
(2)amount to 共计，总计；等于，相当于
4．approach n．方法；途径；接近vt.接近；接洽；着手处理 vi.靠近
[题点全练](单句语法填空/完成句子)
①The best approach to building (build) up your body is to do exercise every day.
②Yesterday we held a meeting and made an approach to the low-carbon lifestyle.
③At the approach of the cinema，he stopped and waited for his friends.
④As Teachers' Day was_approaching，our class decided to hold a party to celebrate it.
随着教师节的临近，我们班决定举行一场晚会来庆祝。
[系统归纳]
(1)the approach to ... 通往……的道路；……的方法
at the approach of 在快到……的时候
make an approach to 对……进行探讨
(2)be approaching 正在/将要到来
(3)与名词approach搭配的to为介词，后面要跟名词、动名词或代词作宾语。
5．break away (from sb./sth.) 脱离；背叛；逃脱
[题点全练]
用break短语的适当形式填空
①The girl broke_away_from her mother and ran away.
②Fred has given me no good reason for wanting to break_up our marriage.
③To my disappointment, the car broke_down on the way to their wedding.
④When I got home，I found my house broken_into and some money stolen.
⑤He was charging his mobile phone when the fire broke_out.
⑥It was much annoying that she constantly broke_in during our conversation.
[系统归纳]
break down 出故障；失败；垮掉；分解
break in 破门而入；打断(谈话等)
break into 强行闯入；突然……起来
break out (战争、火灾等)爆发；发生(无被动语态)
break up 解散；分拆；驱散；分手；结束；放假
6．as well as 同(一样也)；和；还
[题点全练](单句语法填空/完成句子)
①The teacher as well as his students is (be) going to have a picnic this weekend.
②She can sing; she_can_play_the_piano_as_well.
她会唱歌，也会弹钢琴。
③The weather is so bad that we might_as_well_stay_at_home.
天气太糟了，我们还是待在家里为好。
[系统归纳]
(1)as well as常用于连接两个并列的句子成分；若连接主语及其附属成分时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致。
(2)as well常位于肯定句句末，无需用逗号与句子分开。
(3)may/might as well意为“还是……为好；不妨……”。
1．puzzle n．迷；智力游戏；疑问 vt.迷惑；使困惑
[题点全练](单句语法填空)
①The police are still puzzling_about/over how the accident could have happened.
②I've been trying to puzzle out why she's so upset.
③You will be puzzled about their meanings if you don't learn about the background of these Tang poems.
[进阶学习]
系统归纳
(1)puzzle about/over 冥思苦想；苦苦思索
puzzle sth. out 琢磨出……的答案
(2)be puzzled about 对……迷惑不解
难点解释
(1)puzzle用作可数名词时常指“让人感到迷惑的事情”，如a puzzle to sb.(一件让某人感到困惑的事情)。
(2)puzzled adj.迷惑不解的 (常用来修饰人或人的表情等)
puzzling adj.令人迷惑的(常用来修饰事物)
[练重难点](单句语法填空)
④Where the virus came from was a puzzle to the scientists.
⑤When the little girl was asked such a puzzling question, she stood there with a puzzled look on her face.(puzzle)
2．charge n．收费；指控；主管vt.收费；控告；充电
[题点全练](单句语法填空)
①(2020·天津5月高考)Your replacement card will be produced free of charge.
②I wonder how much you will charge me for the six-week course.
③He was charged with stealing a car last week，which made all of us puzzled.
[进阶学习]
系统归纳
(1)free of charge＝for free 免费
(2)charge sb.for sth.为某物向某人收取费用
charge sb.with (doing) sth.控告某人(做)某事
辨析比较
(1)动词短语 take charge of以人作主语，指“某人负责/主管某事”。
(2)介词短语in charge of 多以人为逻辑主语，指“某人负责/主管某事”。
(3)介词短语in the charge of 多以物为逻辑主语，指“某物由某人掌管/负责”。
[练重难点](一句多译)
多年来，格林小姐一直掌管这家公司。
④Miss Green has_been_in_charge_of/has_taken_charge_of the company for many years.
⑤For many years the company_has_been_in_the_charge_of_Miss Green.
3．announce vt.宣布；通知；声称
[题点全练](单句语法填空/完成句子)
①At the end of the meeting, it was_announced (announce) that an agreement had been reached.
②Our head teacher made an announcement just now.
③It's_my_great_honour_to_announce_that I am running for chairman of the Students' Union.
我很荣幸地宣布我将竞选学生会主席。
[进阶学习]
系统归纳
(1)announce sth.to sb.＝ announce to sb.sth. 向某人宣布某事
announce that ... 宣布……
It is/was announced that ... 据宣布……
(2)announcement n. 宣告；通告
make an announcement 发布通告
难点解释
(1)announce熟词生义：预示
(2)announce后不接双宾语，常用于announce sth.to sb.结构，用法类似的动词还有suggest, explain等。
[练重难点]
写出加黑词在语境中的含义/单句语法填空
④The first few leaves on the ground announced the beginning of autumn.预示
⑤The government announced to the media the plan to develop a new project.
1．keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语
[用法规则]
keep复合结构的构成：
keep＋sb./sth.＋形容词/副词
keep＋sb./sth.＋介词短语
keep＋sb./sth.＋doing(表示动作持续进行)
keep＋sb./sth.＋done(表示被动)
[应用体验](单句语法填空/完成句子)
①You must keep your eyes closed (close) when doing eye exercise.
②The question kept me wondering (wonder) for the rest of the night.
③For another, spending too much time on entertainment will only keep_us_away_from_our
studies.另一方面，在娱乐上花费太多的时间只会使我们远离我们的学习。
④Attending adventure activities has a great impact on keeping_our_mental_health.
参加冒险活动对保持我们的心理健康也有很大的影响。
2．with复合结构
[用法规则]
“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”构成的复合结构除了在句中作状语外，还可以作定语。主要结构如下：
with＋宾语＋
[应用体验](单句语法填空/完成句子)
①(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Every runner tried their best to finish the task, with their classmates along the way giving (give) them necessary help as well as encouragement.
②With more and more forests damaged (damage), some animals and plants are facing the danger of dying out.
③With a lot of homework to_do (do), I can't go skating with you.
④The child with_only_a_shirt_on was trembling with cold.
只穿着一件衬衫的那个孩子冻得直发抖。
聚焦历史变迁，关注历史人物介绍、地方的兴衰以及文化的迁移和影响，有助于培养学生的社会责任意识，引导学生树立正确的历史观。历年高考英语常可觅其踪迹，如：2017年全国卷Ⅰ书面表达，给正在向你学习汉语的英国朋友Leslie写封邮件告知下次上课的计划，内容包括简要了解唐朝的历史。
LIANDA：A PLACE OF PASSION，
BELIEF AND COMMITMENT
(节选自外研版新教材选择性必修第三册UNIT 3)
In 1937, the aggression of the Japanese army brought disaster to China's three great universities: Peking University and Tsinghua University were occupied by Japanese troops, while Nankai University was completely destroyed by bombing.To save their educational and intellectual heritage, the three universities joined together in Kunming as National Southwest Associated University, otherwise known as Lianda.(联大的由来)
However, despite the immense hardships and the daunting challenges, it was right in this place, over a period of eight long years, that the nation's intellectual heritage was not only guarded but fortified by the passion and belief of the worthy academics of Lianda.❶It is no wonder that many, if not most, of China's leading scholars and scientists emerged at Lianda, including the two Nobel Prize-winning physicists, Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao.“Lianda laid the foundation for every achievement I have made，” Yang recalled.He still remembers learning in a temporary classroom that had no glass in the windows.“❷On windy days, we had to hold down the paper on the desk, which would otherwise be blown away，” he said.(联大当年艰苦的教学条件)
❸With the country at war, students at Lianda were not going to shirk their duty.Driven by a sense of commitment, a great many joined the army to resist the Japanese invaders and defend the honour of the nation.In fact, Lianda provided the largest number of student-soldiers from any campus in China.Of the thousands of college students from all over China who served as interpreters, one tenth were from Lianda, including the well-known translators Zha Liangzheng and Xu Yuanchong.Zha later depicted the contributions of his peers in a poem：
Softly, on the hillside forgotten by all，
A misty rain falls in a gentle breeze；
There is no trace of the footprints of history；
Where brave souls once stood, breathing new life into the trees.(联大的历史贡献)
A product of the war, Lianda is now physically gone.But it has become the crowning glory of China's modern universities, not only because of its prominent professors and talented students，but also because of the school's strong spirit of perseverance and dedication.(对联大的评价)
由教材学写法
1．学亮点词汇
第一段中的completely描写了南开大学在战争中被彻底损毁的状态。第二段中的immense 和daunting 写出了当时形势的艰难，在此背景之下，又用emerge一词生动展现了联大人才辈出的情形。 同时，guard和fortify这两个词汇描述了国家的知识遗产不仅得到了保护，还得到了强化，体现了联大的使命和历史功绩。
2．学高级句式
句❶是一个主从复合句，It is no wonder that句型突显了联大杰出学者们的热情和信念在其以后的发展中的奠基作用。
句❷是一个主从复合句，which引导的非限制性定语从句在句中起到补充说明的作用，进一步展现了当时条件的恶劣。
句❸是一个简单句，句中运用了with复合结构作状语，介词短语at war作补语，简洁明了地讲述了国家当时正处于战争状态。
3．学行文逻辑
本文节选部分写作结构为“分—总”。文章紧抓联大的历史功绩这个线索，采用分叙法，从战火下被摧毁的校园到联大的历史功绩，再到联大涌现的优秀人物，把头绪纷繁、错综复杂的事情，写得条理清晰，有条不紊。
Ⅰ.多积词块——丰富表达方式
1．in peace 和平地
2．at war 处于交战状态
3．turn against 背叛
4．serve in the army 服兵役
5．defend against ... 防御……
6．devote ...to ... 把……奉献给……
7．shirk one's duty 逃避责任
8．in memory of ... 为了纪念……
9．lay the foundation for 为……奠定基础
10．have a history of ... 有……的历史
11．on behalf of 代表……
12．come to power 当权；上台执政
13．for the benefit of 为了……的利益
14．be made of 由……做成
Ⅱ.多积佳句——彰显表达功底
1．In Chinese history, there was a time when China was the strongest and richest country in the world.
在中国历史上，曾经有过一段时期中国是世界上最强大和最富裕的国家。
2．While wandering among the shops in the antique block, the selling voice spreading to the ears can make you feel like being in another world.
游客徜徉在古色古香的街区店铺之间，耳边传来声声叫卖，让你感觉置身于另一个世界。
3．The countries have been at peace for more than a century.
这些国家和平共处已有一个多世纪。
4．Only when the system has been abolished will it be possible to abolish poverty, unemployment and war.
只有废除了这种制度才有可能消除贫困、失业和战争。
5．Tsinghua University got its name because it was located in Qinghua Garden.
清华大学因位于清华园而得名。
一、作文补写表达亮
下面是一篇介绍长城的短文，请根据提示，运用上面所学，将文章补充完整。
The Great Wall，❶which_is_more_than_20,000_kilometres_long (20 000多公里长；非限制性定语从句), is the longest wall in the world.It ❷has_a_history_of_more_than_2,000_years (有2 000多年的历史)．❸It_is_made_of_stones_and_bricks (它是用砖石做成的) and almost all the construction was done by hand without any machine.❹With_watchtowers_lined_along_the_wall (沿途分布着瞭望台；with复合结构) every few hundred metres, it was built ❺to_defend_the_country (保卫国家) against foreign invaders.Now, the Great Wall is ❻one_of_the_most_famous_places_of_interest (最著名的名胜古迹之一) in China and it attracts ❼many_visitors_from_all_over_the_world (来自世界各地的众多游客) every year.
If you have a chance to visit it, you will be delighted with the great tourist attraction.
二、看图写作善联想
根据下面图片展开合理想象，用80词左右的片段介绍中国人民抗日战争胜利纪念日设立的意义和对自己的启发。
September_3rd_is_set_as_a_commemoration_day_to_celebrate_the_victory_of_the_Anti-Japanese_War_and_memorize_the_brave_soldiers_who_lost_their_lives_in_the_war.So_it_is_significant_for_us_Chinese,_especially_for_us_teenagers.It_was_the_struggle_and_sacrifices_of_that_generation_that_saved_China.In_addition,_we_should_devote_all_our_energies_to_studying_to_prepare_ourselves_to_build_a_better_China.And_only_in_this_way_can_China_stand_among_the_great_powers_of_the_world_and_make_contributions_to_world_peace.
课时作业(一) 语篇阅读训练——保准度
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Many older people around the world have at least one common concern: How to get younger people, hooked on their electronic devices, interested in classic literature. Take the Monkey King, or Sun Wukong, as an example. The main character in the 16thcentury classic novel, Journey to the West, is a romantic figure of bravery and adventure that charmed millions of readers before the appearance of online attractions.
Havoc in Heaven, a new Beijing Opera film, attracted the wider public to the glamor of the traditional Chinese performance art, featuring one of the bestknown chapters from Journey to the West. This film, expected to create a new channel to promote Beijing Opera, includes nearly all the key ingredients of Beijing Opera. It covers all the basic techniques, more than 10 classic tunes, and makeup for dozens of facial representations of different figures' characteristics.
It's actually a big challenge to combine Beijing Opera and film, each of which has its own rhythm, according to Cheng Lu, director of the film, who is adopting a fresh approach to present the traditional art form. One challenge that Cheng and his production team faced is how to balance the new approach with maintaining the fundamentals of the art. The basic principles and performance skills in Beijing Opera cannot be changed.
Some background images on stage, such as a painted waterfall, remain, and a live band was on the set to provide sound for the film, rather than employing the prerecorded music. “If we change traditions to cater to people's taste and preference for a regular film, it will no longer be a Beijing Opera piece of art，” Cheng said.
On the other hand, some creativity was needed because Cheng and his team did not just want to document a stage performance. Computer technology is also applied to achieve some visual effects and to present impossible scenes.
Beijing Opera films played a powerful role in the 1960s and 1970s, but they gave way to more diverse entertainment. In recent years, there has been a recovery in the popularity of Beijing Opera films. However, the overuse of special effects in many film adaptations of Beijing Opera plays has weakened the original charm of the stage performances. The imagination (enabled by the stage) can never be sacrificed for a film's expression.
语篇解读：导演程箓拍摄的京剧电影《大闹天宫》旨在通过电影的方式来推广京剧。但是，电影和舞台戏剧有很大的区别，程箓导演和他的团队创造性地应用了一些电脑技术，但保留了传统戏剧的精髓，毕竟京剧的精髓不能丢。
1．What is the purpose of the first paragraph?
A．To blame young people addicted to electronic devices.
B．To introduce a new Beijing Opera film.
C．To express older people's concern about the young generation.
D．To arouse readers' interest in traditional Chinese performance art.
解析：选B 写作意图题。本段以年长的人期望年轻人对经典文学感兴趣来引出《西游记》中的孙悟空，进而在第二段引出本文的话题——京剧电影《大闹天宫》。
2．What did Director Cheng do while producing the film?
A．He made changes to basic performance skills.
B．He made use of symbols and motions equally.
C．He insisted on a band playing music on the scene.
D．He brought onto the stage exact details of real life.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“a live band ...the prerecorded music”可知， 程箓导演在拍摄影片时让乐队现场演奏。
3．What innovation did Cheng's team make?
A．They opposed a rigid recording of the performance.
B．They enriched visual effects with modern technology.
C．They allowed actors to repeat actions before the camera.
D．They adopted real explosion scenes during the shooting.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“some creativity was needed”和本段最后一句可知，程箓导演和他的团队创造性地应用了电脑技术来实现一些视觉效果并呈现一些舞台戏剧无法实现的场景。
4．What can we conclude from the last paragraph?
A．Imagination is a unique charm of Beijing Opera films.
B．Technology makes up for the loss of stage imagination.
C．There is some possibility for a film to replace Beijing Opera.
D．The original charm of Beijing Opera cannot be sacrificed for films.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“However, the overuse ...a film's expression”可推断出，不能为了电影而牺牲京剧本身的魅力。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
In America, it's long been a tradition that tips are given to a person who provides good service.Of course, the tip is in addition to the bill.__5__ The general rule is to tip according to the service.
Restaurants
You may be surprised to know that waiters at the restaurants usually get low pay.__6__ Therefore, please make sure to tip properly when you visit a restaurant.For a fullservice, sitdown meal, 15 to 20 percent of the pretax (税前的) bill is customary.__7__
Travel
You should tip a taxi driver around 10% of your taxi fare, because the taxi driver usually helps you load and unload the bags.When you reach the airport, there are porters who can help with the bags.__8__ When you reach the hotel, you should tip D|S1 or D|S2 per bag to the doorman who helps you with your bags.
Barbershops and beauty salons
When you go for a haircut, beauty treatment, shampoo, shave or other similar services, you should generally tip at least 10%－20% of the bill to the service provider.
No tipping
There is no tipping required at the gas station.__9__
Unless someone helps you load bags in your car, there is no tipping required at the grocery store.
A．Most gas stations are selfservice.
B．You should tip them D|S1 or D|S2 per bag.
C．Tipping practices can change depending upon the situation.
D．That is because they are expected to get tips from customers.
E．Many visitors to the US feel it isn't fair or reasonable to tip.
F．Tipping is the means by which others are thanked for their good service.
G．Of course, if no service is provided by the waiters, there is no need to tip.
语篇解读：本文是说明文，介绍了在美国，享受到优质服务时，人们通常会有给提供服务的人付小费的惯例。
5．选C C项内容与下文中的“The general rule is to tip according to the service”涉及同一话题，即付小费的惯例，且两句话都是对付小费惯例的总体介绍，不涉及具体情境，因此C项符合语境。
6．选D D项内容与上文中的“waiters at the restaurants ususlly get low pay”构成因果关系，餐馆服务员工资一般较低，那是因为他们通常会从顾客那里拿到小费。
7．选G 根据G项中的waiters可知，该项内容与Restaurants标题所引领段落的话题一致，而该项内容与空前一句并列，介绍了外出用餐时享受服务不同时，付小费的规则也有所不同。
8．选B 根据B项中的bag可推断，B项内容与Travel标题引领段落相关，介绍与行李服务相关的付小费惯例。B项中的them指代上文中的porters。
9．选A A项内容与上文中的“There is no tipping required at the gas station”构成因果关系，且A项中的gas stations复现上文中的gas station。
Ⅲ.完形填空
In 2019, I went on a winter break trip with my family. One of our __10__ was London.The first thing that I __11__ when I landed in London was the weather.It was too __12__ for my liking as it required me to wear a thick jacket.
After some __13__ using a map of London, we decided to go to Buckingham Palace first.Buckingham Palace was one of the __14__ of a “hopon, hopoff (随上随下)” bus that we took.The palace itself didn't look very big or impressive from the entrance __15__ it got much more impressive when you entered the gates.
While continuing on the “hopon, hopoff” bus, we __16__ the London Bridge, which I didn't notice until the driver pointed it out to me.While it felt kind of special to be driving on such an iconic (符号的) bridge, the __17__ was not as cool as one would imagine it to be.Besides its history, this bridge was just another bridge that __18__ two masses of land, something that pretty much all __19__ do.
When we __20__ Big Ben, we decided to hop off the bus and take some __21__.Big Ben was a pretty __22__ experience for me.In many pictures of London, Big Ben is a very visible building in the skyline, and it was very nice for me to see the clock tower __23__.I am a big fan of skyscrapers and skyscraperlike buildings so this clock tower certainly caught my __24__.
10．A.stops B．topics
C．places D．changes
解析：选A 由上文可知，“我”和家人是去旅游，伦敦是我们这次旅行的目的地之一。
11．A.forgot B．told
C．noticed D．liked
解析：选C 结合本句中的“The first thing”和下文中的“It was too ...a thick jacket”可知，伦敦的天气令“我”印象深刻，也就是说抵达伦敦后“我”最先“注意到(noticed)”的事是那里的天气。
12．A.foggy B．cold
C．dry D．clear
解析：选B 由下文中的“it required me to wear a thick jacket”可知，伦敦的天气对“我”来说太“冷”了。
13．A.testing B．planning
C．touring D．calling
解析：选B 由常识以及下文中的“using a map of London”可知，到了一个陌生的地方旅行，人们首先会利用当地的地图规划旅游路线。
14．A.ways B．dreams
C．starts D．destinations
解析：选D 由上文中的“we decided to go to Buckingham Palace first”可知，我们打算先去参观白金汉宫，而我们乘坐的随上随下观光巴士有一站就在白金汉宫停。
15．A.so B．if
C．but D．until
解析：选C 根据本空前后部分中的“didn't ...impressive”与“got ...impressive”可知，本空前后部分之间为转折关系，故选but。
16．A.greeted B．passed
C．checked D．found
解析：选B 由下文中的“driving on such an iconic bridge”可知，我们正在“通过(passed)”伦敦桥。
17．A.history B．example
C．position D．experience
解析：选D 由本段中的“I didn't notice”和下文的“not as cool as one would imagine it to be”可知，本段描述的是“我”看到伦敦桥的经历，很显然，这段经历并不怎么好。
18．A.mixes B．spreads
C．ends D．connects
解析：选D 由本句中的“two masses of land”可知，此处是说桥原本的作用——连接两片陆地。
19．A.bridges B．buses
C．drivers D．towers
解析：选A 本空所在部分是对“this bridge was just another bridge”的补充说明：在“我”看来，伦敦桥跟其他的桥没什么不同。
20．A.reached B．built
C．visited D．left
解析：选A 由下文中的“we decided to hop off the bus”可知，我们决定下车是因为“抵达(reached)”了大本钟。
21．A.notes B．steps
C．pictures D．lessons
解析：选C 根据常识以及下文描述“我”对摩天大楼的喜爱可知，游客下车参观大本钟，自然会拍一些照片。
22．A.similar B．cool
C．bad D．common
解析：选B 由下文中的“it was very nice for me to see the clock tower”可知，“我”很喜欢大本钟，因此这段经历对“我”来说很不错。
23．A.in return B．in public
C．in advance D．in person
解析：选D 由上下文可知，不同于在照片上看到大本钟，“我”这次是亲眼见到它。in person表示“亲自，亲身”。
24．A.ear B．mind
C．eye D．hand
解析：选C 由本句中的“I am a big fan of skyscrapers and skyscraperlike buildings”可知，“我”喜欢摩天大楼之类的建筑，因此宏伟的大本钟自然是吸引了“我”的注意力。catch sb.'s eye表示“引起某人的注意”。
Ⅳ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Once in a kingdom, a man named Liam protested against the King.The King was so angry because he didn't like anyone going against him so he ordered his soldiers to arrest and hang the man.Liam didn't show any fear and said, “My Lord, I will gladly accept your punishment but please grant me one last wish.Please give me some time.Before dying I just want to visit my home and see my children one last time.”
The King refused his request, saying, “No, I can't allow it.There is no guarantee that once you leave you will come back.”
Just then a man from the crowd came forward and said, “My Lord, please arrest me instead of him as a guarantee.If he doesn't come back on time, you can hang me instead of him.”
The King was surprised because he had never seen a man who would offer his own life for someone else.He believed that there was no real friendship in the world.The King asked him, “Why are you ready to take this person's place？”
The man replied, “My Lord, Liam is my best friend and I have trust in him.He is a man who always keeps his promise. I am sure that he will be back once he finishes meeting his family.”
The King agreed and allowed Liam to leave for his home.He was given six hours in all.He would need one hour to go and come back from his house, so he had at most five hours to meet his family.Liam left for his house.He met his family.He still had enough time to reach the King's palace before the time of his hanging.
Liam wanted to come back to the hanging place as soon as possible, but on his way he fell from his horse and got hurt.Because of this, he got delayed.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Paragraph 1：
At the same time, as time passed his friend was being held and prepared for hanging.
Paragraph 2：
Listening to this, Liam went up to his friend and said，
参考范文：
Paragraph 1：
At the same time, as time passed his friend was being held and prepared for hanging.His friend was standing on board to be hanged, happy to give his own life for him.Just as his friend was about to be hanged, Liam arrived, out of breath, and fell to the ground.Liam shouted, “Please stop! I am back.Please set my best friend free.”His friend replied, “Liam! You are finally back.I would be happy to take your place and die here.”
Paragraph 2：
Listening to this, Liam went up to his friend and said, “My friend, thank you for your help.Now please go.This is my punishment and I should face it.” Seeing this, the King was greatly touched by their friendship and said, “I forgive you. I had never thought that you would keep your promise.More importantly, your true friendship has made a deep impression on me.You are so lucky to have a friend who has trust in you and always stays by your side no matter what happens.You both are free to go.”
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