高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists巩固练习

这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists巩固练习，共14页。试卷主要包含了5分,满分37等内容，欢迎下载使用。

第一单元过关检测(B卷)
第一部分　听力
第二部分　阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
AnOnlineEvent
Depending on advanced theory and brand new results from powerful telescopes,Mack explores possible finals for the universe and what they’d look like.If you’re interested in all of this,you’re welcome to Mack’s inspiring lecture,after which there’ll be a question and answer session.
Early bird tickets offer ￡12 discount before October 6.
Your ticket includes:
•Live lecture lasting 60 minutes including Q & A with Katie Mack
•Access to a recording of the talk so that you can watch it over again with the next 12 months
•Additional content from NewScientist magazine
About the speaker:
Katie Mack is known for her humorous comments and for making science accessible.She has over 350,000 followers including JK Rowling on Twitter.Throughout her career as a researcher,Mack has studied dark matter,black holes,and the formation of the first galaxies.Her new book TheEndofEverything is a great exploration of the destruction of the universe.
Event information:
This online event will start at 1:00 pm on Thursday,October 13.
Booking information:
Tickets can’t change to any other NewScientist event.Refund(退票) can only be done if New Scientist cancels this event.Neither NewScientist nor its parent company will be responsible for any additional expenses caused by ticket holders in relation to the event.Tickets are available ahead of time through Eventbrite.
21.What will the lecture be mainly about?
A.The future of the universe.
B.The history of the universe.
C.The formation of the universe.
D.The characteristics of the universe.
答案:A
解析:细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知,报告内容是关于宇宙的未来。故选A项。
22.What will ticket holders be allowed to do?
A.Refund if they are not available.
B.Discuss with the speaker in time.
C.Obtain a free CD about the lecture.
D.Win some NewScientist magazines.
答案:B
解析:细节理解题。根据第一段第二句和Yourticketincludes:中“•Livelecturelasting60minutesincludingQ&AwithKatieMack”可知,持票者可与演讲者及时在线讨论问题。故选B项。
23.What is a fact about Katie Mack according to the text?
A.She is famous for writing science fiction.
B.She has made great achievements in physics.
C.She is one of the most popular scientists online.
D.She has drawn many approved conclusions on space.
答案:C
解析:推理判断题。根据Aboutthespeaker:中的“KatieMackisknownforherhumorouscommentsandformakingscienceaccessible.Shehasover350,000followersincludingJKRowlingonTwitter.”可推断,她是网上最受欢迎的科学家之一。故选C项。
B
Studying the DNA of 300 mice has flagged up genes which have been linked to hereditary (遗传的) sight loss for the first time.Researchers say because mice’s genes are so similar to humans’,their findings could lead to the treatment of more genetic diseases.
Scientists at the University of California,Davis studied information from a data bank of mice’s genetic material.They found 347 genes linked to eye problems,with just 86 of them having been studied in the past.
Only around 50 to 75 percent of hereditary eye diseases in human can be explained with present science.The researchers believe these hundreds of new genes found in mice could be a key to explaining—and therefore being able to treat the other 25-50 percent.
“This is extremely valuable for people with hereditary eye disease,”said researcher Professor Ala Moshiri.“All researchers are going to start using these data.In the past,we knew the problem was there but we didn’t know where to look.Now eye centres can call back patients and screen them for these new genes.We expected that more and more of these genetic diseases will be treatable.”Also,the fact is that more than 60 percent of eye problems at birth are ones resulting from the baby’s parents!
Thanks to data from the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC),which is trying to work out what every single gene in a mouse is responsible for,with the aim of translating it to humans,scientists are moving closer to figuring out all genetic causes of blindness.To do this,scientists separate a single gene from other ones at a time and then observe what effect it has on the mouse for a long time.This has so far been done more than 7,000 times and has achieved great success.Researchers are now working alongside eye care centres in Texas and Iowa in order to compare the mice’s genes to those of patients.
24.How many hereditary-sight-loss-related genes were newly found?
A.86.　　　　 B.261.
C.300. D.347.
答案:B
解析:推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Theyfound347geneslinkedtoeyeproblems,withjust86ofthemhavingbeenstudiedinthepast.”可知,他们发现347个基因与眼睛问题有关,其中只有86个基因在过去被研究过。即新发现与遗传性失明相关的基因有:347-86=261个。故选B项。
25.Why is the percentage of genetic eye problems mentioned in paragraph 3?
A.To show the significance of studying mice’s genes.
B.To prove mice’s genes are similar to humans’.
C.To warn the high risk level of suffering them.
D.To explain how common they are among people.
答案:A
解析:细节理解题。由第三段中的“Theresearchersbelievethesehundredsofnewgenesfoundinmicecouldbeakeytoexplaining—andthereforebeingabletotreattheother25-50percent.”可知,研究人员认为,在老鼠身上发现的数百种新基因可能是解释这一现象的关键,因此能够治疗另外25%至50%的疾病。即第三段提到遗传性眼睛问题的百分比是为了展示研究老鼠基因的重要性。故选A项。
26.What should scientists do first to unlock secrets of genetic blindness?
A.Compare humans’ genes with mice’s.
B.Recognise each gene’s role of humans.
C.Set apart a gene of a mouse each time.
D.Figure out each gene’s function of a mouse.
答案:C
解析:细节理解题。由最后一段中的“Todothis,scientistsseparateasinglegenefromotheronesatatimeandthenobservewhateffectithasonthemouseforalongtime.”可知,科学家们一次将一个基因从其他基因中分离出来,然后观察它在很长一段时间内对老鼠有什么影响。即为了解开基因性失明的秘密,科学家首先应该每次从老鼠身上分离出一个基因。故选C项。
27.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.New Ways to Cure Sight Loss.
B.Genes Found Behind Eye Problems.
C.Genetic Diseases Discovered in Mice.
D.Humans’ Genes Causing Eye Diseases.
答案:B
解析:标题归纳题。根据文章主要内容:科学家发现在小白鼠身上发现的数百种新基因可能是解释人类遗传性眼部疾病的关键。故选B项。
C
A new officer with the Huntington Park Police patrols(巡逻) local parks 24 hours a day seven days a week.He doesn’t need rest,coffee breaks,a salary or medical insurance,and that is because it is a Robocop.
The main function of the Robocop is to scan and film the surroundings.Besides cameras with night vision that report 360 degrees,it also has a distress button which is located here,so if somebody needs assistance or wants to contact the communication centre,he or she can do it by way of that distress button.There are people that are monitoring on the other end.
This newest police employee is self-charging.It’s easy to programme it and make changes to the software if necessary.Its maintenance(维护) costs are roughly 75 thousand dollars a year.It travels the entire park.It is a programmed path,but the police are able to change the path and adapt it.
The Robocop can record the license plates(车牌) of passing cars and check them against an online database of stolen cars.It can also help locate a lost iPhone because it is able to determine a smartphone’s MAC address.The police can see from the robot if something wrong happens and then come and figure it out.
The Robocop can’t replace its human handlers.The whole goal is to give the police more time to do things machines can’t do.The police have been having some concerns about safety of the parks and want an extra set of eyes that will help patrol a 24/7.The Robocop’s creators believe this model known as K5 is best used for providing security at public places like hospitals,parking lots,parks and airports.So far,it seems to be working out just fine.
28.What is the distress button used to do?
A.Locate the Robocop.
B.Serve as an alarm device.
C.Communicate with visitors.
D.Monitor the neighbourhood.
答案:B
解析:细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Besidescameraswithnightvision...bywayofthatdistressbutton.”可知,遇险按钮被用作报警装置。故选B项。
29.Which of the following can best describe the Robocop?
A.Helpful but dangerous.
B.Intelligent but inexpensive.
C.Tireless and multifunctional.
D.Fashionable and good-looking.
答案:C
解析:推理判断题。根据第一段“Anewofficer...becauseitisaRobocop.”可知,Robocop不知疲倦;根据第四段中“TheRobocopcanrecord...figureitout.”可知,Robocop可以记录车辆车牌来寻找被盗车辆、追踪丢失的iPhone以及监测周围变故,是多功能的。故选C项。
30.Why does the Robocop record the license plates of passing cars?
A.To direct traffic. B.To build a database.
C.To prevent accidents. D.To find lost cars.
答案:D
解析:细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“TheRobocopcanrecordthelicenseplatesofpassingcarsandcheckthemagainstanonlinedatabaseofstolencars.”可知,机器人警察会记录过往车辆的牌照,寻找被盗的车辆。故选D项。
31.What can we infer about the Robocop in the last paragraph?
A.It has limitation in use.
B.It has been widely used.
C.Its creators need more support.
D.Its security is still under test.
答案:A
解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段前两句“TheRobocopcan’treplaceitshumanhandlers.Thewholegoal...thingsmachinescan’tdo.”可知,机器人警察在使用上有限制。故选A项。
D
After years of observing human nature,I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent.I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either.And I have never known an average man who had both.The two belong together.
Together,these deep human urges(驱策力)count for much more than ambition.Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground.Like Galileo,all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent,“Why?Why?Why?”
Fortunately,curiosity and discontent don’t have to be learned.We are born with them and need only recapture them.
“The great man,” said Mencius(孟子),“is he who does not lose his child’s heart.”Yet most of us do lose it.We stop asking questions.We stop challenging custom.We just follow the crowd.And the crowd desires only the calm and restful average.It encourages us to occupy our own little corner,to avoid foolish leaps into the dark,to be satisfied.
Most of us meet new people,and new ideas,with hesitation.But once having met and liked them,we think how terrible it would have been,had we missed the chance.We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake.
How should you start?Modestly,so as not to become discouraged.I think of one friend who couldn’t arrange flowers to satisfy herself.She was curious about how the experts did it.How she is one of the experts,writing books on flower arrangement.
One way to begin is to answer your own excuses.You haven’t any special ability?Most people don’t; there are only a few geniuses.You haven’t any time?That’s good,because it’s always the people with no time who get things done.Harriet Stowe,mother of six,wrote parts of UncleTom’sCabin while cooking.You’re too old?Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel,and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78.
However you start,remember there is no better time to start than right now,for you’ll never be more alive than you are at this moment.
32.In writing paragraph 1,the author aims to 　　　. 
A.propose a definition B.make a comparison
C.reach a conclusion D.present an argument
答案:D
解析:推理判断题。根据第一段并结合全文内容可推断出,作者写第一段的目的是提出文章的论点。
33.What does the example of Galileo tell us?
A.Trial and error leads to the finding of truth.
B.Scientists tend to be curious and ambitious.
C.Creativity results from challenging authority.
D.Greatness comes from a lasting desire to explore.
答案:D
解析:推理判断题。根据第二段内容,尤其是第二段第一句内容可推断,作者举伽利略这个例子,是告诉我们伟大来自对探索的持久渴望。
34.What can you do to recapture curiosity and discontent?
A.Observe the unknown around you.
B.Develop a questioning mind.
C.Lead a life of adventure.
D.Follow the fashion.
答案:B
解析:推理判断题。根据第四段内容可推断,为了重新找回好奇心和不满足,作者建议我们培养质疑的头脑,不要人云亦云、随波逐流。
35.What can we learn from paragraphs 6 and 7?
A.Gaining success helps you become an expert.
B.The genius tends to get things done creatively.
C.Lack of talent and time is no reason for taking no action.
D.You should remain modest when approaching perfection.
答案:C
解析:推理判断题。根据第七段的前两个设问以及回答可推断,作者认为,缺乏天赋和时间不是不采取行动的理由。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
根据下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Every scientific field uses the scientific method to conduct experiments.Performing experiments is very important in the field of psychology(心理学).Before beginning a study,however,any scientist who wishes to perform an experiment should be familiar with the steps of the scientific method.　36　 
◆ Form a hypothesis(假设).It is an educated guess about what will happen during the study.　37　 Coming up with a hypothesis before you start can help guide your experiment. 
◆ Plan out a study.Planning out the experiment is essential because the psychologist needs to know if they have time,materials,and testing area prepared beforehand.This step also helps the scientist to determine if they will be performing descriptive or experimental research.The ideal situation is to always perform experimental research.　38　 Descriptive research simply collects data regarding the problem and forms a hypothesis according to the data. 
◆ Collect data.　39　 If the data collected is not recorded and organised,the entire efforts of the study may be wasted.The best way to do this may be to record the proceedings so that no details are lost. 
◆ Analyse the data.Once all the data has been collected and organised,it must be analysed.Using previous research or scientific information about the problem,the psychologist must apply the new data gathered.
◆ Publish the information learned.The final step of the scientific method in psychology is publishing the results of the study.　40　 Most psychological experiments are published in scientific journals. 
A.It is based on scientific facts,not just opinions.
B.Read on to find out how to use the scientific method in psychology.
C.Before psychologists start the experiment,they must plan out the steps.
D.This helps other psychologists to learn about and use the new information.
E.The scientific method has proved to be an effective way to conduct research.
F.To fully understand the study,each part of the experiment must be recorded.
G.Sometimes,however,this is impossible and descriptive research will have to be used.
答案:36~40 BAGFD
第三部分　语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Always wished Earth had a second moon?Then you will be 　41　 to hear that the Chengdu Aerospace Science and Technology Microelectronics System Research Institute has plans to launch multiple minimoons over the next few years. 
Similar to the 　42　 satellite,the light of the artificial orb(球体) will be obtained from the sun and 　43　 to Earth by its mirror-like coating.According to its designers,the 　44　 of light being reflected can be controlled from Earth and the light can even be 　45　,if necessary. 
Once the first minimoon is 　46　 successfully,the experts plan to launch three 　47　 ones.Together,the satellites,which will take turns depending on their 　48　 in relation to the sun,are expected to 　49　 an area of 3,600 to 6,400 square kilometres.While the orbs will be 　50　 through a telescope from anywhere on the globe,their real beauty will only be seen by visiting Chengdu.Officials,　51　,believe they will be a huge tourist attraction,helping improve the city’s 　52　. 
As is often the case with major 　53　,some experts are concerned.They 　54　 that the moons will impact on the sleep patterns of humans and animals.However,officials believe the satellites will cause little,if any,　55　. 
41.A.pleased B.surprised
C.alarmed D.relieved
答案:A
解析:根据语境可知,如果你一直盼望有第二个月亮的话,那听到在未来几年会发射多颗微型“月亮”,你会感到高兴(pleased)。
42.A.traditional B.unique
C.natural D.famous
答案:C
解析:根据该句中的“thelightoftheartificialorbwillbeobtainedfromthesun”并结合常识可知,从太阳中获取光是自然卫星的普遍特点,而这种人造球体和自然卫星类似。C项意为“自然的,天然的”,故C项正确。
43.A.carried B.reflected
C.introduced D.transformed
答案:B
解析:根据该句中的“byitsmirror-likecoating”并结合物理常识可推知,该处指太阳的光线被反射到地球,B项意为“反射”,故B项正确。
44.A.colour B.speed
C.source D.amount
答案:D
解析:根据该句中的“canbecontrolledfromEarth”并结合语境可知,可以从地球上控制光的量;D项意为“数量”,故D项正确。
45.A.sent out B.switched off
C.given away D.turned down
答案:B
解析:根据语境可知,在地球上可以控制光的量,如果有必要,甚至可以关闭光源。B项意为“关掉”,故B项正确。
46.A.travelling B.appearing
C.working D.signaling
答案:C
解析:根据语境可知,一旦人造月亮成功运作,专家们将计划发射另外三个。C项意为“运转,运行”,故C项正确。
47.A.additional B.special
C.bright D.colourful
答案:A
解析:参见上题解析。A项意为“另外的”,故A项正确。
48.A.size B.importance
C.position D.function
答案:C
解析:根据该句中的“inrelationtothesun”并结合常识可知,这些卫星将根据它们相对于太阳的位置反射光线,预计照亮3,600至6,400平方千米的区域。C项意为“位置”,故C项正确。
49.A.pick up B.take up
C.hold up D.light up
答案:D
解析:参见上题解析。D项意为“照亮”,故D项正确。A项意为“拿起,学会”;B项意为“占据,开始从事”;C项意为“举起,支撑”。
50.A.reliable B.visible
C.available D.testable
答案:B
解析:根据该句中的“throughatelescope”可知,虽然地球上任何地方都可以通过望远镜看到这些球体,但它们真正的美只能通过参观成都才能看到。visible意为“可见的”,符合语境,故B项正确。
51.A.therefore B.however
C.otherwise D.moreover
答案:A
解析:根据上文可知,只有通过参观成都才能看到球体的美;结合该句中的“theywillbeahugetouristattraction”可知,它们将成为游览的一大吸引点;根据句意可知,前后句有逻辑上的因果关系,A项意为“因此”,故A项正确。
52.A.population B.education
C.technology D.economy
答案:D
解析:根据语境并结合常识可知,官员们相信,这些人造月亮将成为一个巨大的旅游吸引点,帮助促进城市的经济发展。D项意为“经济”,故D项正确。
53.A.drawbacks B.breakthroughs
C.evolution D.conflict
答案:B
解析:根据上文可知,人们将发射人造月亮用来反射太阳的光;结合该句可知,重大的突破常常会引起专家的担心。B项意为“突破”,故B项正确。
54.A.doubt B.conclude
C.worry D.agree
答案:C
解析:根据前一句中的“concerned”并结合该句可知,他们担心这些人造月亮会影响人类和动物的睡眠模式。
55.A.disturbance B.destruction
C.satisfaction D.discussion
答案:A
解析:参见上题解析并结合该句可知,然而官员们认为,这种人造月亮不会给人们带来干扰或带来很少干扰(disturbance)。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Have you ever done a science lab before?Maybe you have but you didn’t know there is a special name for 56. you were doing.A laboratory is a place where scientists do 57.　　　　　　(they) jobs and perform experiments.A lab is just another way of 58.　　　　　　(say) you are doing an experiment.As you have already been a member of senior school students,you sometimes get to do experiments.59.　　　　　　　(general) speaking,any time you are in science class where you get to mix chemicals,connect(连接) wires to batteries,or watch a chrysalis(蝶蛹) 60.　　　　　(see) if it is going to become a butterfly,you are doing an experiment. 
Watching a butterfly or counting the number of seeds in a flower is very safe labs to do,but not all labs will be that safe.Sometimes,they are much 61.　　　　　　　　　　(dangerous) than you expect.It 62.　　　　　(mean) that you get to do experiments with more things that are not safe,like chemicals or electricity.When you are going to do dangerous things,you need to practise lab safety.63.　　　　　 is really necessary to learn how to stay safe when you are doing experiments in a science lab.
Your 64.　　　　　(person) laboratory safety depends mostly 65.　　　　　 you. 
答案:56.what　57.their　58.saying　59.Generally 60.to see　61.more dangerous　62.means　63.It 64.personal　65.on
第四部分　写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
你校将举办英语演讲比赛。请你以Be smart online learners为题写一篇发言稿参赛,内容包括:
1.分析优势与不足;
2.提出学习建议。
注意:
1.词数100左右;
2.题目已为你写好。
Besmartonlinelearners
       
       
       
参考范文
Besmartonlinelearners 
Asweallknow,timeisratherlimitedintoday’ssocietyandtheonlinecoursesbreakthelimitationoftimeandspace,providinguswithgreatconveniencetostudy.Thus,itspopularityiseasytoforeseeandunderstand.
However,therealsoexistsomedisadvantages.Onlinelearningdoesharmtooureyesight.Apartfromthat,theoutcomeofstudycan’tbeguaranteed,especiallyforthosewholackself-control.Moreover,theatmosphereoftheclassisnotwarmenough,whichleadstoalackofcommunicationbetweenteachersandstudents.
Inmyopinion,ifyoucantakefulladvantageofeverypossiblemeansappropriatelytostudywithself-discipline,itwon’tmatterwhetheryoustudyonlineorintheclassroom.Idohopeallofuscanbesmartonlinelearners.
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。
On a cold Friday night,a poor artist stood at the gate of the subway station,playing his violin.The young violinist was a student named Joseph at an art college,who did so every day in order to earn his tuition fees.He planned to attend advanced studies in Vienna and had booked the flight for the next morning.Though the music was great,people were quickly going home for the weekend.Joseph was playing his last chapter when a middle-aged man looking pretty excited slowed down his pace and put 50 dollars into the hat,for which Joseph was grateful.
The next night,the young artist came to the gate of the subway station as usual,and put his hat on the ground gracefully.Different from the day before,he took out a large piece of paper,laid it on the ground and put some stones on it.Then he began playing the violin.
Before long,the young artist was surrounded with many passers-by,who were all attracted by the words on that paper.It said,“Last night,a gentleman put an unexpected thing into my hat by mistake.Please come to claim it as soon as possible.” It caused great excitement and curiosity.They were dying to know what the unexpected thing could be.
Justatthemomentthemiddle-agedmanrushedthroughthecrowdtotheviolinist. 
  
  
  
  
ThemanthankedJosephagainandagainbecauseitwasveryessentialtohim.
  
  
  
  
参考范文
Justatthemomentthemiddle-agedmanrushedthroughthecrowdtotheviolinist.After glancing quickly at the paper on the floor,his face was a glow with excitement and disbelief.He took a deep breath and then stammered,“Is...is it a...a lottery ticket?My five-million-dollar lottery ticket?”Joseph stared at him with a smile,nodding.Yes,Joseph recognised him.It was this middle-aged man who appeared extremely excited and generously put 50 dollars into his hat,just to which a lottery ticket was attached.
ThemanthankedJosephagainandagainbecauseitwasveryessentialtohim.His company was facing bankruptcy,as a consequence of which he even couldn’t pay his employees.Yesterday good luck seemed to come to him.He unexpectedly won the lottery!Having heard this,Joseph felt it was more worthwhile to change the flight and return the lottery ticket to the man who showed mercy to him—love comes from love.