人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists一课一练

这是一份人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists一课一练，共6页。
Section Ⅴ　Summary and WritingⅠ　重点词汇1．contrary adj. 相反的；相对立的→contradict v. 反驳，驳斥；相抵触，相矛盾，相反→contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的2．infect v. 使感染；传染→infection n. 感染；传染3．prove v. 证明；证实→proof n. 证据；证明；检验4．suspect v. 怀疑；疑有；不信任 n. 犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象→suspicion n. 嫌疑；怀疑5．statistic n. 统计数字；统计资料；统计学→statistical adj. 统计的；统计学的6．initial adj. 最初的；开始的；第一的→initially adv. 最初地；开始地7．mechanic n. 机械师；机械修理工→mechanical adj. 机械的；发动机的；机器的8．defend vt. 保卫；防守；辩解→defence n. 保卫；辩解；防守9．leader n. 领导者；领袖→leadership n. 领导；领导地位；领导才能10．gift n. 天赋；天才；才能→gifted adj. 有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的11．abstract adj. 抽象的；理性的 n. (文献等的)摘要→abstractly adv. 抽象地12．astronomy n. 天文学→astronomer n. 天文学家13．fault n. 弱点；过错→faulty adj. 不完美的；有缺陷的；错误的14．vivid adj. 生动的；鲜明的；丰富的→vividly adv. 清晰地；生动地15．once and for all 最终地；彻底地16．subscribe to 同意；赞同；订阅；定期捐款17．thanks to 幸亏；由于18．theoretical framework 理论框架19．break out (战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发20．in charge of 主管；掌管21．come down 患(病)；染上(小病)22．above all 最重要的是；尤其是 Ⅱ　教材原句1．Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. (P2)另一种观点认为霍乱是由食物或水中的细菌感染引起的。2．Through Snow's tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease. (P3)经过斯诺的不懈努力，自来水公司开始销售干净的水，而且世界范围内霍乱的威胁大大减少。3．Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. (P3)此外，斯诺使用地图和统计数据，改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。4．He received a hero's welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China's rocket science but also its space and missile programme. (P8)他受到了来自祖国的对待英雄般的欢迎，不仅负责发展中国的火箭科学，还负责中国的太空和导弹计划。5．Under Qian's leadership，China developed the Dongfeng missiles, followed by the first generation of Long March rockets. (P8)在钱学森的领导下，中国发展了东风导弹，随后是第一代长征火箭。6．Hawking's own work on the big bang theory was soon proven by astronomers with telescopes. (P9)霍金自己对大爆炸理论的研究很快就被天文学家用望远镜证实了。 Ⅲ　书面表达 [概要写作——介绍科学家的成就]对“介绍科学家的成就”类文章进行概要写作，首先需要理清文章的脉络，关键是根据“5W”线索确定核心信息，而“5W”各要素之间存在一定的逻辑关系。在提炼这些信息，梳理文章内在逻辑基础上，还要做到以下几点：1．略读知主题。关于介绍科学家成就的文章，一般为记叙文。通过略读，可明确文章所叙述的科学家的姓名、国籍、专业领域等一般身份信息，可作为概要写作开头语。2．寻读主题句。文章对所记叙的科学家所具备的人格魅力、科学精神一般就浓缩在主题句里面，通过寻读主题句可确定该科学家的精神特质，作为概要写作的过渡性内容。3．跳读定要点。除了对科学家的上述信息做交代之外，文章会主要介绍该科学家所取得成就，以及该成就或者多项成就对人类生产生活、文明发展进步所产生的影响。这就组成了概要写作的核心内容：成就及影响。4．要点成句句成文。有了前三项阅读提炼的基础，一篇介绍科学家成就的文章的概要写作已经具备基本框架，接下来就是把所列要点按照“身份信息——精神特质——成就及影响”的顺序，扩展成句，依据各句之间的逻辑关系，运用一些连接词汇串联成文即可。注意词数控制在60左右。1．开头常用句式①Gwendolyn Brooks was the first African American to win a Pulitzer Prize for Poetry.关朵琳·布鲁克丝是第一位获普利策诗歌奖的非洲裔美国人。②In the city of Fujisawa, Japan, lives a woman named Atsuko Saeki.在日本藤泽市，有一位名叫小泽一介的妇女。③Yuan Longping was born in Beijing in 1930. His ancestral home is in De'an County, Jiujiang, Jiangxi Province. 袁隆平1930年出生于北京，祖籍江西省九江市德安县。④Li Siguang graduated from Osaka University in July 1910.李四光于1910年7月毕业于日本大阪大学。2．主体段落常用句式①Einstein hated fighting and killing. The great suffering of war affected him deeply, and he sat unhappily in his office doing little.爱因斯坦痛恨战争和杀戮。来自战争的巨大的痛苦深深影响着他，以至于他闷闷不乐地坐在办公室里，几乎不做任何事情。②In 1931, Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.1931年，亚当斯成为第一位获诺贝尔和平奖的美国女性。③Dangerous as it was, Zhong Nanshan worked hard day and night treating COVID－19 patients. 虽然面临危险，但钟南山为治疗新冠肺炎病人日日夜夜努力工作。④Deng Jiaxian is the main organizer and leader of development of China's nuclear weapons.邓稼先是中国核武器发展的主要组织者和领导者。 ⑤Because of loving their careers, they are most happy when they are working hard.出于对事业的热爱，他们越是努力工作，越是快乐。⑥His theory proved to be correct and he became famous. However, he took no interest in wealth or status.他的理论被证明是正确的，他出名了。然而，他对财富或地位没有任何兴趣。3．结尾常用句式①For his contributions, Yuan is always called the “Father of Hybrid Rice” .由于他的贡献，袁隆平一直被称为“杂交水稻之父”。②All this comes down to one point：fibre is helpful to health.所有这一切都归结为一点：纤维素有助于健康。③Their contributions to society are no less than those made by scientists or professors. 他们对社会所作的贡献不亚于科学家或者教授。④When a doctor successfully operates on a patient, maybe there is a name to remember: Hippokrates. 当一个医生成功地为病人做完手术，也许有一个名字需要被记起：希波克拉底。阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Marie Curie, born in Warsaw, Poland in 1867, led a hard life as a girl. Her parents, both teachers, had low salaries and were quite poor, especially after her mother stopped teaching to raise five children and take care of her poor health. Marie's mother suffered from tuberculosis and died of it when Marie was ten.When Marie was young, she showed great interest in science. She loved to study and hoped to become a scientist when she grew up. Her parents encouraged her interest in science. Excellent as she was in her studies, she couldn't go on with the advanced education she needed because Poland was then ruled by Russia and women were not permitted to go to college.In order to continue her education, she smoothed away many difficulties and entered Paris University, where she lived a simple life and studied hard. She graduated with the highest grades in her class.After graduation she was engaged in scientific research in Paris University. There she met Pierre Curie, whom she married. Pierre joined her in her research into an unknown phenomenon “radiation”， which a certain scientist had declared that uranium gave off. The Curies spent several years trying their best to find the element that produced radiation. Finally they succeeded in 1902. Marie Curie won two Nobel Prizes, one for physics in 1906, together with her husband and another scientist; the other for chemistry herself in 1911. Madame Curie was a scientist of great achievement, and the first woman ever to be honored in the Nobel Prize history.    　[精彩范文]Born in Warsaw, Poland in 1867, Marie Curie showed great interest in science.Her dream was to become a scientist. (要点1) After graduating from Paris University, she married Pierre Curie, who joined in her research into an unknown phenomenon “radiation”， and finally they succeeded in 1902. (要点2) Marie Curie was the owner of two Nobel Prizes: first for physics in 1906; then for chemistry in 1911. (要点3) With great achievement, she was the first woman ever to be honored in the Nobel Prize history. (要点4)【总评】　本文作者用简洁明快的语言描述了居里夫人的生平和取得的成就。行文流畅，衔接自然，用语准确，结构严谨，全文富于表现力和概括性。【亮点呈现】(1)作者运用含有不定式作表语的句式Her dream was to ... 和非限制性定语从句who joined in her research ... 等，描述Marie Curie的生平事迹，体现了作者较好的语言驾驭能力。(2)短语Born in, After graduating from以及With great achievement等的运用，简明扼要，准确生动，体现了详略得当、突出要点的概要写作特色。(3)作者运用the first woman ever to等结构陈述事实，突出了居里夫人事迹的独特性。阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。It is such a common occurrence that no one ever wonders from where it came. But the telephone has a fascinating story behind it. It is the story of Alexander Graham Bell.He was born in Edinburgh, Scotland in 1847. The son of a man who was bitten by the workings of the human voice, how it is produced and used, and especially teaching the deaf how to use it, young Alexander Graham Bell grew up with his father's such strong feelings.In 1870, because of poor health, he migrated to Canada. It was not long before his success in teaching the deaf to speak brought him to the attention of a wealthy merchant in Boston who wanted Bell to help her daughter, Mabel. Finally, Mr Bell and Mabel fell in love. It was she who inspired him to develop the then remarkable instrument that transformed speech into electrical impulses (脉冲) that could then be changed back into human speech at the end of a wire. In 1877, he and Mabel were married. He later became an American citizen.Alexander Graham Bell was showered with the praise of the world. Honors came to him from all the points of the compass. He went on to other discoveries, many of them. But in his own view, he was most proud of his efforts to help the deaf. So, when the government of France awarded him the Volta Prize for inventing the telephone, he combined this monetary award with the money he made from selling the patent on another invention to establish the Volta Bureau in Washington, D．C. Its purpose was to fund research on deafness. Today, it is called the Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing. Its role has been changed to providing the latest information for the deaf of the world on how best to deal with their disability.    写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章简单介绍了有关贝尔的情况、他的伟大发明以及他对聋人的贡献。 [精彩范文]Alexander Graham Bell, was born in Edinburgh, Scotland in 1847. (要点1) With his father's influence, he devoted himself to and succeeded in teaching the deaf to speak. (要点2) And later，Bell received praise of the world, with the Volta Prize to him for inventing the telephone. (要点3) Thinking little of owning wealth, Bell combined the money he made from his invention to establish the Volta Bureau in Washington, D．C. to fund research on deafness. (要点4)