人教版 (2019)Unit 1 Science and Scientists授课课件ppt

这是一份人教版 (2019)Unit 1 Science and Scientists授课课件ppt，共35页。

Build up yur vcabulary
Learning bjectives
By the end f this sectin, yu will be able t:1. use wrd frmatin t summarize and remember wrds;2. use lexical chunks t express meanings;3. grasp and practise wrds and expressins in cntext.
remvereplacereuse
micrscpemicrwavemicrphne
discverdisabledisappear
transfrmtransprttransplant
cmplete change; thrugh, acrss
cntradictryadvisrycmpulsry
infectinactinrelatin
substantialpartialfinancial
epidemilgybilgyscilgy
f r relating t
actin r prcess
having the characteristics f
a branch f knwledge
Many scientists _____________ the view that it is human activity that has caused glbal warming.He was t ___________ the accident because he drve n the wrng side f the rad.The man _____________ being behind the rbbery was seen crssing the street.Since heart disease is ften ___________ ur lifestyle chices, we need t make healthy living an imprtant part f ur lives.
subscribe t
suspected f
It is nt unusual fr an athlete t be well knwn while he is active, and quickly frgtten when his athletic career is ver.I’m sure she’ll deal with the changes very well because she’s very adaptable.He was ready t serve dinner t his friends when he realised that he had frgtten t turn n the ven and the meat was nt cked yet.He used his great influence t change the thinking f the scientific cmmunity n this issue.Scientists have cllected mre data than expected t prve the thery.
substantial
a husehld name
British scientists believe they may have fund a way t fight the cmmn cld. It blcks a key prtein in the bdy’s cells that is t _______ fr the spread f cld-causing virus. Targeting the hst rather than the _________ was a bit nn-traditinal but made sense because it was tricky t target the virus. Cld-causing virus are nt nly f _________ kinds, they als ___________ rapidly, meaning they can quickly develp resistance t medicine. Researchers are wrking n making a frm f medicine that can be taken directly int ne’s lungs, t _________ the chance f side effects. Thugh these scientists have made __________ advances in their research, further _______ is needed t make sure such drugs are nt s _________ that they harm the bdy.
Discver useful structures
By the end f this sectin, yu will be able t:1. learn the characteristics f the predicative clause and understand its functin in sentences;2. learn the wrds that can intrduce a predicative clause;3. learn t use the predicative clause in cntext and in daily cnversatins.
1. The apparent truth was a lie. 2. The truth was that the man had disappeared.
Let’s lk at the fllwing sentences.
linkingwrd
predicative clause
What clause is it?
predicative
Underline all the examples in the reading passage where nun clauses are used as the predicative. Then state their meaning and functins.
One thery was that bad air caused the disease. Anther was that chlera was caused by an infectin frm germs in fd r water. It seemed that the wman liked the water frm the pump s much that she had it delivered t her huse every day.The truth was that the water frm the Brad Street pump had been infected by waste.
Predicative Clauses( 表语从句)
在复合句中作表语的从句叫作表语从句。表语从句经常位于主句的系动词之后，对主语进行解释、说明，使主语的内容具体化。与宾语从句和主语从句一样，表语从句也是一种名词性从句。
e.g. The questin is wh brke the vase. My suggestin is that we (shuld) start early tmrrw.
状态类: be动词, seem, appear, keep, remain, stay…
变化类: becme, get, turn, grw, fall, cme, g …
感官类: lk, smell, taste, sund, feel …
1. 表语从句一定要用陈述语序。e.g. What I want t knw is when she will be back. Raw material is what we are badly in need f.2. that引导表语从句时，在句中只起连接作用，不充当句子成分，无实 际意义，有时省略。e.g. The fact is (that) she never liked him. The truble is that I have lst his address. One thery was that bad air caused the disease.
3. whether引导表语从句时，起连接作用，意为“是否，到底”，在句 中不作任何成分。 if不能引导表语从句。e.g. The questin is whether yur uncle will ffer help t us. Her cnfusin is whether she shuld stick t her wn way f life r fllw the American way.4. 连接代词wh, whm, whse, what, which, whever, whatever, whichever等除在句中起连接作用外，在从句中还充当主语、宾语、 表语或定语，本身具有词义。e.g. The questin is wh will be the successful applicant fr the summer jb at the law firm. Taking a year ff frm schl t travel abrad is what is generally called a gap year.
5. 连接副词where, when, why, hw等除在句中起连接作用，在从句中 还充当地点、时间、原因、方式状语，本身具有词义。e.g. The questin is when they will start the prject. The questin is hw he did it. What Jhn Snw was determined t find ut was why the 1854 utbreak f chlera in Lndn had caused ver 500 deaths within ten days.6. That is because ... 指原因或理由； That is why ... 指由于某种原因所造成的后果。e.g. Bruce did nt watch the game last night. That was because he had t help his little sister with her hmewrk. Bb had seen the film befre. That was why he did nt see it yesterday.
7. 需使用虚拟语气的表语从句在advice, suggestin, rder, prpsal等表示建议、劝告、命令等含义的名词后的表语从句中，谓语动词需用“shuld +动词原形”形式，shuld可省略。e.g. My suggestin is that we (shuld) start early tmrrw. Our decisin is that the schl remain clsed.
What was it that Jhn Snw shwed t the wrld?→What Jhn Snw shwed t the wrld was hw chlera culd be vercme.
1. What was Snw’s discvery in tw particular streets in Lndn? Snw’s discvery in tw particular streets in Lndn was that _____________ _______________________________________________________________.
the chlera
utbreak was s severe that mre than 500 peple died in ten days
2. What was Snw determined t find ut during the 1854 utbreak f chlera in Lndn? What Snw was determined t find ut was why ________________________ _________________________________.3. What were the exact places Snw marked n the map? The exact places Snw marked n the map were where ___________________ __________.4. What was the finding that Snw annunced? Snw’s finding was that _________________________________________.
the utbreak f chlera had
caused ver 500 deaths within ten days
all thse wh died
the pump water carried chlera germs
A Abslutely. Yu may nt believe it, but that was ________ happened at the initial stage f ur grup’s research n develping a vaccine fr malaria.B Yes, it is. And it seemed _______ all the theries were useful, but the fact was _________ we culdn’t persuade ne anther that ne thery was better than anther.C Exactly. The prblem was nt abut ___________ all ur theries were equally gd, but in deciding __________________ thery t depend upn.D We realised that what we cared abut was nt __________ aspect we needed t develp a thery in, but rather ______ we can reduce the cst f a vaccine withut reducing its effect!E Yu’re right. At last, we became fcused n the key issue, which was ______ we had t carry ut the research in the first place.
David is talking t Maria abut their scientific research prject. First cmplete David’s lines (A-E), using the wrds in the bx. Then put David’s lines in the crrect rder and practise the cnversatin.
which/ what/ whse
Maria: This mix f thery and data is ne f the key characteristics f what we call science. David: ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Maria: With yur theretical framewrk?David: ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Maria: Deciding n a thery is definitely f critical imprtance.David: ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Maria: This was when yu shuld have calmed dwn and gt dwn t ding sme slid wrk.David: ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Maria: S what happened in the end?David: ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________
C Exactly. The prblem was nt abut whether all ur theries were equally gd, but in deciding which/ what/ whse thery t depend upn.
A Abslutely. Yu may nt believe it, but that was what happened at the initial stage f ur grup’s research n develping a vaccine fr malaria.
D We realised that what we cared abut was nt which/what aspect we needed t develp a thery in, but rather hw we can reduce the cst f a vaccine withut reducing its effect!
B Yes, it is. And it seemed as if all the theries were useful, but the fact was that we culdn’t persuade ne anther that ne thery was better than anther.
E Yu’re right. At last, we became fcused n the key issue, which was why we had t carry ut the research in the first place.
Cmplete the fllwing ideas by famus scientists with a wrd r expressin that intrduces a predicative clause.
1. Research is __________ I’m ding when I dn’t knw what I’m ding. (Werner vn Braun)2. The saddest aspect f life right nw is __________ science gathers knwledge faster than sciety gathers wisdm. (Isaac Asimv)3. An expert can be __________ has made all the mistakes that can be made in a very narrw field. (Niels Bhr)
4. ... when different experiments give yu the same result, it is n lnger subject t yur pinin. That’s the gd thing abut science: It’s true whether r nt yu believe in it. That’s __________ it wrks. (Neil deGrasse Tysn)5. This applied science, which saves wrk and makes life easier, brings us little happiness. That is __________ we have nt yet learnt t make sensible use f it! (Albert Einstein)6. There are nly tw ways t live yur life. One is __________ nthing is a miracle. The ther is __________ everything is a miracle. (Albert Einstein)
Cmplete the cnversatins using nun clauses as the predicative.
1. A: Papermaking, printing, gunpwder, and the cmpass are the fur great inventins f ancient China. They are significant cntributins f the Chinese natin t the wrld. B: Sure, they are. What I want t knw thugh is ____________________________ ___________________________________________.2. A: The ancient Chinese were the first t invent paper and printing. Then they went n t invent bks and had pened bkshps in many cities. B: What I’m curius abut is ____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________.
which ne is the greatest in hw these inventins have changed China and the wrld
wh invented paper/hw peple made the first paper/when ink was invented/ what paper was made frm/ when and hw printing spread t the rest f the wrld/ hw recrds were kept befre the inventin f paper
3. A: The cmpass is a special inventin f ancient China, dating back t as early as the Warring States Perid. B: Yes. It seems ______________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ ___________________________.4. A: Gunpwder was riginally used fr making firewrks. B: But what surprises me is _____________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________.
that the cmpass was particularly useful/ as if peple had t depend n the psitins f the sun, the mn, and s n when they were at sea befre the cmpass was invented/ that ancient Chinese had develped a gd knwledge f magnetism
that gunpwder was nt used initially fr firearms/ hw it is s unexpectedly used tday/ hw heavily mining depends upn it/that it has been generally used nt nly in industries but in wars acrss the wrld
5. A: After the discvery f medicine, acupuncture was invented in China, acupuncture is a treatment which desn’t invlve any drugs. Very thin needles are put in certain parts f a persn’s bdy. B: Really? What puzzles me is __________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ ____________.6. A: High-speed trains, mbile payments, the bike-sharing system, and nline shpping are cnsidered by sme as the new “fur inventins” f China. B: Is that s? I feel/ It seems ____________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________.
wh first started this practice/ fr whm this practice was first dne/ why anyne wuld stick a needle in their bdy, even t becme well
that these inventins have really made ur lives easier/that every Chinese is prud f the new “fur inventins”/ as if I culd nt live withut them, especially when it cmes t nline shpping/ that we all benefit frm all these things/ that we may have t remember that every cin has tw sides
Cmplete the fllwing cnversatin using an apprpriate wrd belw.
Tm: Hi, Jane. I want t becme a scientist. My questin is ________ scientists wrk and what I need t d in rder t becme a scientist. First f all, I’d like t knw hw lng I have t study t becme a scientist.Jane: Well, that depends. Usually, a scientist must have at least a Bachelr’s degree, s that means abut fur years in cllege. Nwadays, mst scientists need a Master’s degree, t.Tm: My secnd questin is ________ curses r majr shuld I chse.Jane: Again, that depends n what yu want t study in the future. Yu will need t study maths. If yu want t be a successful scientist, yu must understand the basics f physics, chemistry and bilgy.
Tm: Ww, that’s a lt. What puzzled me was ________ branch f science I shuld chse?Jane: Well, I think the best way is ______  yu shuld get sme practical experience. Visit scientists and labratries t see what the life f a scientist is like. Ask scientists t tell yu abut their wrk. Yu shuld als try t find ut which branch f science yu like and are gd at.Tm: I like physics, but the questin is _________ my parents will allw me t majr in it.Jane: That’s unbelievable. My first advice is ______ yu shuld make yur wn decisin.Tm: I think s. D yu have any ther advice fr me?Jane: Yes. I think a gd scientist shuld be careful, curius and creative and that he r she shuld like t ask a lt f questins and slve prblems.
Wrds and Expressins
He used his great influence t change the thinking f the scientific cmmunity n this issue. (P4) 他利用自己的巨大影响力改变了科学界对这个问题的看法。thinking /ˈθɪŋkɪŋ/ n. 想法，看法；态度；思想；思维；见解 搭配clear/critical thinking 清晰的思维/批判性的思维 lateral thinking 横向思维 put n yur thinking cap 动脑筋，通过思考解决问题 例句My father is very rigid in his thinking. 我父亲的思想非常顽固。His thinking n scial issues has changed cnsiderably ver the years. 这些年来，他对社会问题的见解有了很大改变。
It blcks a key prtein in the bdy’s cells that is t blame fr the spread f cld- causing virus. (P4) 它阻断了人体细胞中的一种关键蛋白质，这种蛋白质导致了感冒病毒的传播。cell /sel/ n. 细胞；小房间；单间牢房搭配brain/nerve cell 脑细胞/神经细胞 cell divisin 细胞分裂 prisn cell 囚室 例句All living things are cmpsed f cells. 所有的生物都由细胞组成。They keep her lcked up in ne f these little cells. 她关在其中一个小房间里。
What was the finding that Snw annunced? (P5) 斯诺宣布了什么发现？finding /ˈfaɪndɪŋ/ n. 发现；调查结果；（法律）判决 例句The findings caught Carli ff guard. 这些发现让卡利措手不及。The findings have been published in the jurnal Nature Gescience. 研究结果已在《自然地球科学》期刊上发表。The gvernment hpes the curt will annunce its findings befre the end f the mnth. 政府希望法庭能在月底前宣布其判决结果。