选择性必修 第二册Unit 3 Food and Culture示范课课件ppt

这是一份选择性必修 第二册Unit 3 Food and Culture示范课课件ppt，共17页。PPT课件主要包含了概念和结构，用法和搭配，辨析和判定，Had，tasted，arrived，had，eaten，had got，“他们”等内容，欢迎下载使用。

1. Enable the Ss t master the usage f subject clauses in this unit.2. Enable the Ss t use the subject clauses patterns flexibly.3. Train the Ss t apply sme skills by ding the relevant exercises.
1. Enable the students t master the usage f past perfect tense and its passive vice in this unit.2. Enable the students t use the relevant grammar flexibly.
过去完成时及其被动语态
过去完成时和过去完成时的被动语态
右侧两组例句都是过去完成时，上面的句子主语为人，使用了主动语态，下面的句子主语为物品，使用了被动语态。
1. The chef had set up a farm-t-table restaurant befre his new ckbk was published.A new farm-t-table restaurant had been set up by the chef befre his new ckbk was published.2. They had finished their dinner by the time Sam jined them. Their dinner had been finished by the time Sam jined them.
过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已完成的动作或状态（亦可以说是“过去的过去”）。过去完成时由“had+过去分词”构成。
Find mre sentences using the past perfect tense r the past perfect passive vice frm this unit.
1. Prir t cming t China, my nly experience with Chinese cking was in America, with Chinese fd that had been changed t suit American tastes.2. A Sichuan restaurant had been recmmended t us by a friend, and finally, we fund it.
Cmplete the tw cnversatins with the crrect frms f the wrds in the bx using the past perfect tense r the past perfect passive vice.1 Carl: ______ yu ever _______ any Scttish fd befre yur trip t St Andrews last year?Paul: N, nt really. But I _______________ abut haggis many times befre we went there.Carl: Oh ... Did yu try it?Paul: Oh, yes! Yu knw what? We _______ late fr supper that day, and s we just ate whatever was left in the university canteen. We ___________ ur meal befre we learnt we _____ just ______ haggis!Carl: My gdness!Paul: Well, it was nt bad. I have t say ... 2 Carl: When I gt t the teahuse yesterday, I fund nbdy there. _______ it _______________?Paul: Oh, I’m s srry that I frgt t tell yu! The get-tgether was cancelled yesterday mrning because Sally, the hstess, ________ int a car accident.Carl: Oh, I’m srry t hear that. Hpe Sally recvers sn!
arrive cancel eat finish get taste tell
had been tld
had finished
been cancelled
Cricket had (nt) been played by them befre the rain started.
Had (nt) they played cricket befre the rain started?
Had (nt) cricket been played by them befre the rain started?
Where had they played cricket befre the rain started?
They had (nt) played cricket befre the rain started.
Where had cricket been played by them befre the rain started?
I began cllecting stamps in February and by Nvember I had cllected mre than 2000. 我从2月份开始集邮，到11月已收集到2000多枚。By six ’clck they had wrked fr 8 hurs. 到6点钟他们已经工作了8小时了。（可能还没结束）
与过去完成时连用的时间状语already (已经), yet (仍然), still (还), just (刚刚), (刚……就), (刚……就), ever (曾经), never (从来没有)等，也可以是by (不迟于), befre (在……之前), until (直到), as sn as (一……就), by then, by the end f, by that time, until then, by the time+从句等形式。
1. 表示较早的过去即某一时刻之前已完成的动作或状态。
In 1980，I’d never been t Paris. 1980年之前我从未去过巴黎。 （= I never went there befre 1980.）After we had landed, the plane was searched thrughly. 我们降落后，飞机被彻底搜查了一遍。When she heard that her father had died in the accident, she burst ut crying. 当她听说她父亲在那次事故中丧生时便大哭起来。
2. 强调过去动作的完成句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语。
3. 表示过去某个时间或事件之前发生的动作一直延续到过去的另一时间或动作，此时谓语应为延续性动词
We had hped that yu wuld be able t visit us. 我们原本希望你会来拜访我们。I had meant t take a gd hliday this year, but I was nt able t leave. 我本打算今年好好去度假，只是脱不开身。
Experiments f this kind had been cnducted in Eurpe befre the Wrld War II. 早在“二战”爆发前，欧洲就进行过这种实验。He had learned 2,000 English wrds by the end f last year. 到去年年底为止，他已学会了2000个英语单词了。By seven ’clck the wrker had wrked fr ten hurs. 到7点钟为止，那位工人已经工作10个小时了。
4. 表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算和意图 只适用于下列动词：expect（期待），hpe（希望），intend（打算），mean（打算），suppse（料想），think（认为），want（想要）等。
If nly we had listened t their advice! 我们要是听了他们的意见就好了!If nly yu had wrked with greater care! 你要是更仔细一些该多好!Wuld that we had seen her befre she died. 要是在她去世之前我们能见她一面该有多好。
5. 用于虚拟语气过去完成时的这一用法，常见于以if nly等引导的感叹句。
过去完成时的这一用法还见于构成虚拟语气的条件从句和I wish...（我希望……），I’d rather...（我宁愿……）后的that-从句。
I’d rather yu hadn’t been present. 我宁愿你当时不在场。If I had asked fr directins, I wuldn’t have gtten lst. 如果我问一下路，就不会迷失方向了。
Helen said (that) she had mved t anther flat. 海伦说她已搬到另一套房间去了。He said he had been there befre. 他说他曾经去过那里。
6. 用于间接引语过去完成时的作用有时完全相当于现在完成时的过去形式，在间接引语中多有这种情况。
7. 用于宾语从句过去完成时表示一个过去的动作先于另一个过去动作的用法，多见于宾语从句。一般说来，主句中用了knw（知道），realize（意识到），think（认为），suppse（猜想），guess（推测），find（找到），discver（发现），decide（决定），remember（想起），frget（忘记）等动词的一般过去时，如果宾语从句中的动作先于主句的动作，通常用过去完成时：We realized we had lst ur way. 我们意识到我们迷路了。I didn’t think t ask her if she had passed her examinatin. 我没有想问她是否考试及格了。
1. I had n difficulty finding Ann’s huse because she ____(give) us clear directins befre. 2. The twins, wh ____ (finish) their hmewrk, were allwed t play badmintn in the playgrund. 3. Sfia lked arund at all the faces: she had the impressin that she _____ (see) mst f the guests befre. 4. Shakespeare’s play Hamlet __________ (make) int at least ten different films by the end f last year. 5. A rescue wrker risked his life saving tw turists wh ______ (trap) in the muntains fr tw days.
Keys1. had given2. had finished3. had seen4. had been made5. had been trapped
比较：They had arrived at the statin by ten yesterday. 截止到昨天十点，他们已经抵达了车站。They arrived at the statin at ten yesterday. 在昨天十点，他们抵达了车站。
一、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别
虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点：　
1. 时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。
2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。
3. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用and或but连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时；另外，在befre，after，as sn as引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。
She had visited her Japanese relatives nce in 1993 befre she mved in with them in 1996.She visited her Japanese relatives nce in 1993 befre she mved in with them in 1996.因为只有befre一个模糊的时间点，因此一般过去时和过去完成时都可以使用。
I have learned 1000 English wrds s far. 到目前为止我已经学会了1000个英语单词。—I’m srry t keep yu waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。 —Oh, nt at all. I have been here nly a few minutes. 没什么，我只等了几分钟。（“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在。）
二、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，以现在的时间为基点，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为“助动词have (has) + 过去分词”；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，以过去时间为基点，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。
1. He _________ in Shanghai University fr fur years befre he ______ t Beijing.A. studied, had gne B. had studied, wentC. has studied, ges D. had studied, had gne2. Tm ____ the CD player fr tw weeks. A. has lent B. has brrwed C. has bught D. has had
解析：1. B “他去北京之前在上海大学学习了4年。”在上海学习的动作发生在去北京之前，因此横线动词应用过去完成时。故选B。2. D 此题主要考查现在完成时的延续和非延续动词，根据fr tw weeks可知应用延续性动词。故选 D。
1. 由“过去的过去”来判定　　过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。　　
（1）宾语从句中　　当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。（在tld, said, knew, heard, thught等动词后的宾语从句。）如： She said that she had seen the film befre.（2）状语从句中　　在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的，要用一般过去时。如： After he had finished his hmewrk, he went t bed.　　注意：befre, after引导的时间状语从句中，由于befre和after本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。如：　　After he clsed the dr, he left the classrm.（3）表示意向的动词，如hpe, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppse等，用过去完成时表示“原本……，未能……”。如：　　We had hped that yu wuld cme, but yu didn’t.
在语法填空等题型中，我们会遇到考查动词的时态语态类型的题目，怎么确定是否使用过去完成时呢？
2. 由时间状语来判定　　一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：（1）by + 过去的时间点I had finished reading the nvel by nine ’clck last night.（2）by the end f + 过去的时间点We had learned ver tw thusand English wrds by the end f last term.（3）befre + 过去的时间点They had planted six hundred trees befre last Wednesday.
3. 根据上、下文来判定I met Wang Ta in the street yesterday. We hadn’t seen each ther since he went t Beijing.
1. Sn Wu Dng _________ (catch) up with Li Lei, then they were neck and neck. 2. Mary said it was at least five years since he _________ (enjy) a gd drink.3. Xia Pei said she ______ Hainan fr 3 mnths.A. has been in B. had been in C. had been t D. had gne t
解析：1. 根据第一句的固定动词词组catch up with sb及第二句的过去时态可知，填caught。2. “It was + 时间段 + since”引导的从句中用过去完成时，应填had enjyed。3. “小培说她去了海南三个月。”have been t和have gne t都是短暂性的动词短语。所以应填表示状态的have been in。选B。
1．He asked me ____ during the summer hlidays. A. where I had been B. where I had gne C. where had I been D. where had I gne 2. What ___ Jane ____ by the time he was seven? A. did; d B. has; dne C. did; did D. had; dne3. I ______ 900 English wrds by the time I was ten. A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. has learned4. By the time my parents reached hme yesterday, I _____ the dinner already.A. had cked B. cked C. have cked D. was cked5. She said she __________ the principle already. A. has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen6. She said her family _______ themselves ______ the army during the war. A. has hidden; frm B. had hidden; frm C. has hidden; with D. had hidden; with
They will nt decide their attitude until they have heard what the speaker has t say. The statin master tld us the train had left five minutes befre. I’m tired. I have been wrking very hard.She said that she had been typing a paper befre I came in. He had been lying in bed a few minutes when the dr bell rang.
二、将下列句子翻译成汉语