高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 1 Science Fiction知识点教学设计

【知识点汇总】新人教版 选择性必修四 Unit 1 Science Fiction

【词汇短语】

1. ..., but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him. (P2) 

但她逐渐欣赏托尼的智慧和正直，并且开始信任他。

integrity  /ɪnˈteɡrəti/  n. 诚实正直；完整；完好

【搭配】

moral integrity  骨气，气节 

territorial integrity   领土完整

in the integrity   完整，原封不动

a man of integrity  正直的人

【例句】

They said the greatest virtues in a person were integrity, correctness and honesty.

他们说一个人身上最重要的美德就是正直、得体和诚实。

We all have an interest in maintaining the integrity of the ecosystem.

维持生态系统的完整是我们共同的兴趣。

2. She had an appointment to paint her nails, then she went into an expensive clothes shop. (P2)

她按预约去美甲后，走进了一家高档时装店。

appointment  /əˈpɔɪntmənt/  n. 预约；约会；委任

【搭配】

make/have an appointment with sb.  与某人约会

keep/break an appointment   守/违约 

present oneself for an appointment   求职

resign one’s appointment     辞去职务 

announce the appointment of   宣布……的任命

【例句】

If possible, could we make another appointment to go to the bookstore?

如果可能的话，我们可以再约一个时间去书店吗？

His promotion to manager was a popular appointment.

他升任经理是众望所归的。

3. Claire tried to help by working on a light suspended from the ceiling, but she fell off the ladder. (P3)

克莱尔试图帮忙安装天花板上的吊灯，但从梯子上摔了下来。

suspend  /səˈspend/  vt. 悬；挂；暂停；暂缓

【搭配】

be suspended in     悬浮在 

suspend production    停产

suspend payment   停止支付 

suspend sb. from duty    勒令某人停职

suspend on             因……而停止/中断

【例句】

A beam of sunlight lit up the particles of dust that were suspended in the air.

一束阳光照出了悬浮在空气中的尘埃颗粒。

Bus service will be suspended until the highway is repaired.

公路修复前，公共汽车暂停行驶。

4. The guests would be arriving soon, so Claire dismissed Tony for the rest of the night. (P3)

客人们很快就要来了，于是克莱尔让托尼结束了当晚的工作，说当夜不再需要他了。

dismiss  /dɪsˈmɪs/  vt. 让（某人）离开；解散；解雇；消除

【搭配】

dismiss a class         下课 

dismiss the court   退庭

dismiss the thought 打消念头 

dismiss for            因……而解雇

dismiss sb. from sb.’s job 免职

【例句】

Don’t dismiss that possibility entirely.

不要完全排除这种可能性。

The cook was dismissed because her cooking was so poor.

那个厨师被解雇了，因为她的烹调技术太差了。

5. They believe if AI can handle tasks like calculating and driving for us, ... (P4)

他们认为，如果人工智能能够为我们处理像计算和驾驶之类的任务，……。

calculate  /ˈkælkjuleɪt/  vt. 计算；核算；预测

【搭配】

calculate the total cost of the trip 算出旅行的全部费用

calculate the result 算出结果 

calculate that ...  算出……

be calculated to do sth. 打算/计划做某事

It has been calculated that ... 据估算……

【例句】

Mothers’ devotion to children can hardly be calculated.

母亲对孩子的爱几乎无法计算。

6. A 3,000-seat venue was built / will be built for the circus performance in November. (P5)      

一个拥有三千座位，供马戏表演使用的场地于十一月建成／将在十一月建成。

venue  /ˈvenjuː/  n. 活动场地（如音乐厅、会场等）

【搭配】

an outdoor venue       户外场地

a virtual venue         虚拟会场

place the venue       指定地点 

lay the venue                 指定地点

【例句】

Address any query about the venue to the conference organizer.

向会议组织者提出任何有关集会地点的询问。

We have to book another venue for the meeting.

我们不得不重新预订一个会议场馆。

7. What are the pros and cons of robots doing these jobs? (P6)

机器人做这些工作的利弊是什么？

pros and cons  事物的利与弊；支持与反对

【例句】

You’ve thought through your likes and dislikes and the pros and cons of various types of fitness programs.

你已经完全考虑了各种健身计划中你喜欢和不喜欢的以及好的和不好的方面。

This article will take a look at three methods, and then discuss their pros and cons.

这篇文章将引导您观看三种方法，然后对它们进行正反两方面的讨论。

【拓展】

“优点与缺点”的表达法

advantages and disadvantages

strengths and weaknesses

merits and demerits

8. In sci-fi stories, robots often become superior and take over. (P6)

在科幻小说中，机器人常常会变得更高级，并接管一切。

superior  /suːˈpɪərɪə(r)/  adj. 更好的；占优势的；（在级别或重要性上）更高的

superior to  比……更好；更胜一筹

【搭配】

superior limit  上限 

(be) superior in  在……方面占优势

【例句】

Your cellphone is superior to mine in quality.

在质量上，你的手机比我的手机高级多了。

It is unbelievable that John has become a judge in a superior court of law.

让人觉得不可思议的是，约翰成了上级法院的一名法官。

【拓展】

superiority  n. 优越性；优势 

have superiority over ...  优于……

9. In sci-fi stories, robots often become superior and take over. (P6)

在科幻小说中，机器人常常会变得更高级，并接管一切。

take over  占上风；取而代之；接管；接手

【搭配】

take over a company  接管公司

take over a job  接替一份工作

【例句】

The company would then take over the accounts.

公司会把那些客户账户接收过来。

Richard will take over as president of the company.

理查德将接任公司总经理职位。

【拓展】

take in  吸收；欺骗 

take on  呈现；雇用

take back  收回（诺言）；带回

10. Night came as if a lamp was being turned out, and in another moment came the day. (P8)

夜幕降临了，仿佛一盏灯正在熄灭，转眼间，白昼就来临了。

turn out  关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是

【例句】

Please turn out the lights when you leave the room.

你离开房间时，请把灯关掉。

The whole village turned out to welcome the hero.

全村人都出来欢迎这位英雄。

【拓展】

turn up  调高（音量等）；出现，到来

turn down  调低（音量等）；拒绝

turn on  打开（水、煤气、电灯等）

11. As my pace grew faster, the walls of the laboratory fell away, and I was left in the open air. (P8)

我的速度越来越快，实验室的墙壁随之坍塌，我置身野外。

pace  /peɪs/  n. 速度；步伐；节奏  vt. & vi. 确定速度；调整节奏

【搭配】

at a(n) ... pace   以……步伐

set off at a steady/gentle/leisurely pace      以稳定的/徐缓的/悠闲的步子出发

keep pace with ...   与……并驾齐驱 

pace the room        在房间里踱来踱去

pace about   走来走去，来回踱步 

pace round sth.   在……四处走动

【例句】

It’s predicted that temperatures will keep increasing at a steady pace every year.

据预测，气温将以稳定的速度逐年上升。

12. As my pace grew faster, the walls of the laboratory fell away, and I was left in the open air. (P8)

我的速度越来越快，实验室的墙壁随之坍塌，我置身野外。

fall away  （逐渐）减少；消失

【例句】

The sales of cold drinks usually fall away in winter.

冷饮的销售额在冬季通常是要减少的。

【拓展】

fall back   后退，后撤，撤退，退让    

fall behind    落后；拖欠

fall off   数量减少；质量下降  

fall down      跌倒；掉下；倒塌；失败

fall out   争吵；解散   

fall over        倒下，摔倒

fall ill   生病                                         

fall in love with 爱上，喜爱

13. I had a strange urge to look at the random things that were being flashed before my eyes!  (P8)

我有一种强烈的欲望，想看看眼前那些随机闪现的东西！

urge  /ɜːdʒ/  n. 强烈的欲望；冲动  vt. 催促；力劝；大力推荐

have an urge to  有强烈的欲望做某事

【搭配】

urge sb. to do/into doing sth.  催促某人做某事

urge that ... (should) do sth.  极力主张……；强调……

It is urged that ... (should) do sth.   极力主张……

【例句】

I have a strong urge to travel all over the world.

我极想环游世界。

【拓展】

urgent  adj. 急迫的，紧急的 

urgency  n. 紧迫；急迫；急事

【语法知识】

被动语态

1. 构成：被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词有人称、数和时态的

变化，其变化规则与be作为连系动词时的变化规则一样。

2. 用法：通常在下列情况下使用被动语态：

（1）不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者。

My window was broken yesterday.                           

昨天我的窗户被打破了。

The audience are asked to keep silent.                      

观众被要求保持安静。

（2）强调动作的承受者。

The store is run by the trade union.                            

这家店由工会管理。

The first prize was won by Henry.                             

一等奖被亨利获得。

（3）出于策略、婉转、礼貌等不提出动作的执行者。

He has been warned of this twice.                              

关于此事，他已经被警告两次了。

The plan was generally considered not practical.      

那项计划被普遍认为不切实际。

3. 注意的问题：

（1）不及物动词（短语）不能用于被动语态，这类动词（短语）常见的有happen, last, rise, occur, break out, take place, come true等。感官动词或表示情况变化的动词也不能用于被动语态，这类动词常见的有look, seem, appear, feel, taste, smell, sound, remain, stay, continue, become, grow, get, come, go等。

The war broke out in 1941.                

战争于1941年爆发。

（2）在主动语态中，动词see, hear, make, watch, notice等后面作宾语补足语的不定式不带to，但变为被动语态时，to必须补上。

They made him go there alone. → He was made to go there alone.          

（3）带介词或副词的动词短语（如look after, put on, pay attention to等）变为被动语态时，

它们原来所带的介词或副词须保留。

 She often looks after the old. → The old are often looked after by her.

（4）接双宾语的动词变为被动语态

主动语态：动词+间接宾语（通常指人）+直接宾语（通常指事物）

被动语态：间接宾语变为被动句主语，直接宾语保留；直接宾语变为被动句主语，间接宾

语前面加介词to或for

He gave her some beautiful flowers.   

→ She was given some beautiful flowers. (间接宾语变主语)

→ Some beautiful flowers were given to her. (直接宾语变主语)           

（5）某些动词通常不使用被动语态，在形式上是主动语态，但含有被动的意思。适用于这

种情况的动词主要有sell, wash, write, drive, eat, shut等。这时主语一般是指物的名词，这些动词往往指事物的特征，且常用well, badly, easily等副词来修饰。

Books of this kind sell well.      

这种书很畅销。

This sweater washes well.         

这件毛衣很耐洗。

（6）get型被动句

构成被动语态有时还可以用get。

Be careful when you cross the road, or you may get hit by a car.  

过马路时要小心，否则你可能会被汽车撞到。          

（7）有一类接宾语从句的动词，如say, expect, report, think, believe, suppose, consider, know等，其被动语态可以有两种变法。

People say that he is an agricultural scientist.

→ It is said that he is an agricultural scientist.

→ He is said to be an agricultural scientist.

We expect that our team will win the game.  

→ It is expected that our team will win the game.

→ Our team is expected to win the game.