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高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 3 Sea Exploration知识点教学设计
展开选择性必修四 Unit 3 Sea Exploration
【词汇短语】
1. However, merchants and explorers from the East set sail from east to west many years before Columbus first did. (P26)
然而,在哥伦布首次启航之前许多年,东方的商人和探险家就已经开始自东向西航行。
set sail 起航;开航
【搭配】
set sail (from ...) for ... (从……)起航去……
set sail for中的for不能换为to,类似的还有leave for(动身去),head for(朝……去)。
【例句】
After the College Entrance Examination, we will bid farewell to each other and set sail for an unknown future.
高考结束后,我们将告别彼此并启航驶向未知的未来。
2. A trading route across the sea was also extended along the coasts of the Indian Ocean, centred around Ceylon (now Sri Lanka). (P26)
以锡兰(今斯里兰卡)为中心的一条横踦海洋的贸易路线沿印度洋海岸延伸。
extend /ɪkˈstend/ vt. 扩展;使伸长;延长
【搭配】
extend the deadline 延长最后期限
extend a fence/road/house 扩建护栏/公路/房子
extend an invitation 发出邀请
extend my sincere gratitude for your guidance 对你的指导表示诚挚的感谢
extend the hand of friendship to another country 向另一个国家伸出友谊之手
【例句】
The company plans to extend its operations into Europe.
公司打算将业务扩展至欧洲。
3. These fleets were a sight to behold and were in a league of their own at that time. (P26)
当时,这些船队极为壮观,独领风骚。
league /liːɡ/ n. 等级;水平;联合会;联赛
in a league of one’s own 独领风骚
【例句】
As a prime minister, he is in a league of his own.
作为首相,他独领风骚。
【拓展】
in a different league from us 与我们不属同一个级别
not in her league 水平远比不上她
out of our league 超出我们的水平
【例句】
The bakery is so expensive that it is out of our league.
这家面包店太贵了,我们买不起。
4. ..., and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world. (P27)
……,同时加强中国与世界其他地区之间的联系。
bond /bɒnd/ n. 纽带;关系 vt. & vi. 增强信任关系;使牢固结合
【搭配】
a close bond 紧密的关系
an emotional bond 感情纽带
a strong lifelong bond 终生的深厚关系
bond together 结合在一起
a bond between A and B A与B之间的关系
【例句】
It is a happy and peaceful festival for family and friends to get together and a bond for people to deepen their feelings.
这是一个家人和朋友欢聚一堂、加深感情纽带的快乐祥和的节日。
5. Hundreds of years on, and with the latest technology in hand, the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future. (P27)
数百年过去了,由于拥有了最新技术,在贸易的必要性和增进关系的愿望的驱动下,中国将跨海越洋,迈向未来。
in hand 在手头;可供使用
【例句】
Coke in hand, we walked hand in hand past a row of fences.
我们手里拿着可乐,手牵着手走过一排篱笆。
【拓展】
on hand 在手头;在场
hand in hand 手拉手
【例句】
Poverty and poor health often go hand in hand.
贫困和健康不良常有连带关系。
6. Henry Norman Bethune devoted his life and profession to helping people without expecting anything in return. (P28)
亨利·诺尔曼·白求恩把他的一生和事业都献给了帮助别人而不求任何回报。
profession /prəˈfeʃn/ n. 职业;行业
【搭配】
by profession 在职业上;就职业来说
【拓展】
professional adj. 专业的,职业的
professor n. 教授
【例句】
Professor Smith, who is famous in the medical profession, is paying a temporary professional visit to our college.
史密斯教授是医学界的名人,他正在对我们学院进行短暂的专业访问。
7. When the journey ended, Zac’s adventure received widespread media coverage. (P28)
当旅程结束时,扎克的冒险经历得到了媒体的广泛报道。
coverage /ˈkʌvərɪdʒ/ n. 新闻报道;覆盖范围
【搭配】
media/newspaper/press coverage 媒体/报纸/报刊的报道
live coverage 现场直播
insurance coverage 保险范围
area coverage 区域范围
coverage rate 覆盖率
【例句】
It is the premier task for the company to expand the current network coverage.
扩大当前网络覆盖是该公司的首要任务。
【拓展】
cover v. 覆盖;包括;足以支付;行走(一段路程);占(一片面积);报道
cover ... with ... 用……覆盖……
be covered with/by 被……覆盖
8. At his press conference, he talked about how passion and courage made his dream come true. (P28)
在新闻发布会上,他谈到了激情和勇气是如何让他梦想成真的。
press conference 记者招待会;新闻发布会
【拓展】
the press 报刊(总称);新闻界
Oxford University Press 牛津大学出版社
【例句】
At the grand Nobel Prize Press Conference, Donna Strickland was reminded by a reporter that she was the just third woman to win the Nobel Prize in physics.
在盛大的诺贝尔奖新闻发布会上,一位记者提醒唐娜·斯特里克兰,她是第三位获得诺贝尔物理学奖的女性。
9. applaud /əˈplɔːd/ vt. & vi. 鼓掌 vt. 称赞;赞赏 (P29)
【搭配】
applaud loudly/warmly 热烈鼓掌
applaud her decision/speech 称赞她的决定/演讲
applaud sb. for sth. = praise sb. for sth. 赞赏某人某事
to be applauded 应该受到赞许
【拓展】
applause n. 鼓掌,喝彩
thunderous applause 爆发出雷鸣般的掌声
【例句】
We rose to applaud the actors when the performance came to an end, and the applause lasted for a handful of minutes.
演出结束时,我们起立为演员们鼓掌,掌声持续了几分钟。
10. They will be added to the directory so we can identify them in the future. (P30)
它们将被添加到目录中,以便将来我们可以识别它们。
directory /dəˈrektəri/ n. 名录;电话号码簿;(计算机文件或程序的)目录
【搭配】
a telephone / trade directory 电话号码簿;商行名录
【例句】
He found their address in the telephone directory.
他在电话薄里找到了他们的住址。
This option lets you create new files or directories.
用这个选项你可以创建新的文件或目录。
11. Some of the students could not make it to the camp. (P31)
有些学生没能赶到营地。
make it to (尤指在困难情况下)到达,赶上
【例句】
She left before I could even make it to the door to offer my thanks.
我还没来得及走到门口向她道谢,她就走了。
【搭配】
make it 及时到达;获得成功;设法做成
take it easy 不要着急
take it seriously 认真对待
believe it or not 信不信由你
See to it that ... 务必/确保……
It all depends. 视情况而定。
12. The sea is home to life, not human beings’ possessions. (P32)
海洋是生命的家园,而不是人类的私产。
possession /pəˈzeʃn/ n. [usually pl.] 个人财产;拥有;控制
【搭配】
personal possessions 个人财产
get/take/gain/have possession of 拥有;占有(动词短语)
be in possession of 占有;拥有;持有(介词短语)
be in the possession of sb. = be in sb.’s possession 为某人所有;在某人的控制下(介词短语)
【例句】
He was charged with possessing a shotgun without being in possession of a license.
他被指控无证持有猎枪。
13. Opponents may be concerned, but sea exploration is important for our future. (P32)
反对者也许会忧心忡忡,但是海洋探索对我们的未来十分重要。
opponent /əˈpəʊnənt/ n. 反对者;对手;竞争者
【搭配】
political opponents 政敌
a dangerous/worthy opponent 一个危险的/可敬的对手
opponents of the violence 暴力的反对者
【例句】
It is said that our opponent is great, so our team will be trained every day after school from tomorrow to win the game.
据说我们的对手很厉害,所以我们队从明天开始每天放学后都要训练以赢得比赛。
14. Logging new species will improve our understanding of life on the earth. (P32)
记载新物种将提升我们对地球上的生命的了解。
log /lɒɡ/ vt. 把……载入正式记录;记录 n. 正式记录;日志;原木
【搭配】
log in/on 登录,进入(计算机系统)
log out/off 注销,退出(计算机系统)
keep a log 记日志(尤指航海/飞行日志)
logs for the fire 烧火用的木材
【例句】
Using the computer in hand, you can log on with the password and download the document.
用手头上的电脑,你可以用这个密码登录并下载文件。
【语法知识】
- In ancient times, silk from China found its way overland to India, the Middle East, and Rome, along what became known as the Silk Road. (P26)
在古代,来自中国的丝绸沿陆路运至印度、中东和罗马,这条路后来就是闻名遐迩的“丝绸之路”。
【考点提炼】
what引导名词性从句
what可以引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句,what在从句中作主语、宾语或表语,可译成“……的东西/事情”。whatever引导名词性从句,表示“无论什么”。(区分:that引导名词性从句时,在从句中不作任何成分,没有实际意义,只起连接作用。)
【例句】
A ship in harbor is safe, but that’s not what ships are built for.
船停在港口是安全的,但那不是造船的本意。(what引导表语从句)
- 动词不定式
(1)动词不定式作主语
① 动词不定式(短语)作主语的主谓一致原则
单个动词不定式(短语)作主语,谓语用单数。
To improve English is the most urgent thing for me now.
提高英语对现在的我而言是最紧急的事。
两个或两个以上的动词不定式(短语)作主语,若语义一致或基本一致,或动词不定式
(短语)作为一个整体,谓语用单数。
To love and to be loved is sweet to us.
爱与被爱对我们来说都是甜蜜的。
两个或两个以上的动词不定式(短语)作主语,若语义不一致,谓语用复数。
To improve people’s lives and to speed up social construction are two important tasks.
改善人们的生活和加快社会建设是两项重要任务。
② 动词不定式(短语)作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语
It is + 形容词(+ for sb.)+ to do sth.
It is easy for me to learn how to drive.
学会如何开车对我而言很容易。
It is + 形容词(+ of sb.)+ to do sth.
It is clever of him to leave that company.
他很聪明,离开了那家公司。
It is + 名词(a pleasure/a pity/an honor ...)+ to do sth.
It’s our duty to take care of the old.
照顾老人是我们的责任。
It takes/took sb. + some time + to do sth.
It takes me an hour to do homework every day.
我每天花一个小时写作业。
(2)动词不定式作宾语
用法
不定式短语作宾语时,往往放在下列动词(短语)之后:afford, decide/determine, learn, want/expect/hope/wish, refuse, manage, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask/beg, fail, happen, strive, threaten, would like等。
He has promised to take care of the matter on his own.
他已经答应自己处理这件事。
I am expecting to share the experience with you right now.
我期待着现在就和你分享这段经历。
在某些动词,如find, think, consider, feel, make, believe后,常用it作形式宾语,构成 “find/think ... + it+adj./n.+ to do sth.”结构。
I find it challenging to fit in with the team.
我觉得融入这个团队很有挑战性。
We think it our duty to protect the environment.
我们认为保护环境是我们的责任。
*注意:下列动词或词组既可以接动词不定式作宾语,也可以接动名词作宾语,但意义上有区别
forget/remember to do sth. 忘记/记得去做某事
forget/remember doing sth. 忘记/记得做了某事
regret to do sth. 对要做某事感到遗憾
regret doing sth. 后悔做了某事
try to do sth. 努力去做某事
try doing sth. 尝试做某事
mean to do sth. 打算做某事
mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事
stop doing sth. 停止正在或经常做的事
go on to do sth. 接着做另一件事
go on doing sth. 继续做某事
固定结构do/have/其他动词+sth.+but/except (to) do sth.中的不定式用法。此结构要遵循“前
有实义动词do,but后则无to,反之则有to”的原则。
She had no choice but to face the embarrassment.
她别无选择,只能面对尴尬。
The two brothers did nothing but blame each other.
这两兄弟除了互相指责外,什么也没做。
(3)动词不定式作宾语补足语
用法
在某些动词后都可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语,如ask, want, expect, invite, beg,
encourage, order, warn, remind, prefer, get, force, allow, permit, forbid, persuade, cause, advise, teach, wait for, call on, depend on等。
Please remind me to attend the meeting on time.
请提醒我准时参加会议。
下列动词(短语)接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语:一感(feel),二听(hear, listen to),三使(let, have, make),四看(see, notice, observe, watch),半帮助(help),但在变为被动语态时需加to。
The thief was observed to enter the bank.
有人看见小偷进了银行。
with+宾语+宾补的复合结构中。
With many problems to settle, we should hold another meeting.
有许多问题要解决,我们应该再开一次会。
(4)动词不定式作表语
① 结构:主语 + am/is/are/was/were + 不定式
The purpose of education is to develop a fine personality in children.
教育的目的是培养儿童良好的性格。
② 表意功能及主要用法
当句子的主语是不定式时,系动词后可接不定式作表语,用于解释主语所描述的行为或说明该行为带来的结果。类似用法还包括一些格言警句。
To ask him such questions is to irritate him.
问他这样的问题会激怒他。
To see is to believe.
眼见为实。
当不定式作表语时,能够担当句子主语的名词比较有限,它们大多用于表示某种情形或状况,如advice, aim, ambition, custom, business, desire, difficulty, duty, experience, habit, happiness, hope, idea, intention, job, method, plan, principle, problem, purpose, reason, risk, role, task, thing, wish等。
My ambition is to become a scientist.
我的理想是成为一名科学家。
不定式结构作remain的表语:remain to be done“有待于被做”。
There are so many things remaining to be done.
有许多事情要做。
有时,根据表达的需要,在作表语的不定式前,还可添加疑问代词或疑问副词,包括what, who, how, when, where等。
The problem was how to begin.
问题是如何开始。
当主语包含定语从句且其先行词为代词all或形容词最高级形式the least、the most时,后可接“系动词+不定式”作句子的表语。
All he wanted was to be left alone.
他只想一个人待着。
The least I can expect is to have this day all to myself.
至少我能期待这一天只属于自己。
当不定式作表语时,句子的主语还可以是what引导的主语从句。
What I want to do now is (to) have a rest.
我现在只想休息。
省略to的用法
all作主句主语,其后的定语从句含有实义动词do的某种形式时。
All we need to do is live each day with hope.
我们所需要做的就是带着希望生活每一天。
what引导的从句作主语,从句中含有实义动词do的某种形式时。
What I want to do is take a holiday right away.
我想马上去度假。
(主句)主语被only, first, one, last或形容词最高级修饰,且其后作定语的从句或短语中含有实义动词do的某种形式时。
In the evening the only thing he did was read the newspaper.
晚上,他唯一做的事就是看报纸。
(5)动词不定式作定语
① 位置:动词不定式作定语,一般位于所修饰词的后面,可扩展为一个定语从句。
We are looking for an apartment to live in. = We are looking for an apartment that we can live in.
我们正在找一个可以居住的公寓。
② 用法
动词不定式作定语可表示还未发生的动作。
All the teachers to attend the opening ceremony tomorrow should wear the uniforms.
明天将要出席开幕式的所有老师都应该穿制服。
The competition to be held next year will surely attract many international tourists.
明年要举行的比赛肯定会吸引许多国际游客。
序数词、形容词最高级和the last/the only/the next等词语后或被这些词修饰的名词后常用动词不定式作定语。
The next train to arrive was from New York.
下一趟抵达的火车是从纽约开来的。
He is always the first to come and the last to leave.
他总是第一个来,最后一个离开。
抽象名词ability, chance, opportunity, way, right (权利), courage, decision, hope, wish等后常用动词不定式作定语。
Thanks to your encouragement, I finally got the courage to face the challenge.
多亏了你的鼓励,我最终有了迎接挑战的勇气。
Starting a new school term is always exciting. It is a good chance to see your friends again.
开始一个新学期总是很令人兴奋,这是一个再次见到你朋友们的好机会。
something, nothing, anything等不定代词后常用动词不定式作定语。
We have nothing to fear but fear itself.
人最害怕的就是害怕本身。
在there be句型中,作主语的名词后可接动词不定式作定语,被修饰的中心词是不定式的逻辑宾语时,不定式用主动式或被动式均可。
There is nothing to worry about/to be worried about.
没什么可担心的。
*注意:在there be句型中,如果动词不定式有逻辑主语,则动词不定式只能用主动形式。
③ 构成动词不定式的动词与被修饰词之间的关系
主谓关系:主谓关系指的是被修饰词是构成动词不定式的动词的逻辑主语。此时的动词不定式在意义上相当于一个定语从句。
We need someone to help with the work. = We need someone that can help with the work.
我们需要有人来帮忙做这项工作。
动宾关系:动宾关系指的是被修饰词是构成动词不定式的动词的逻辑宾语,所以作定语的不定式不能带宾语。
Do you have anything to send?
你有什么东西要寄吗?
同位关系:同位关系指的是不定式对所修饰的名词的内容起解释、说明作用。这类被修饰词有两类,一种是由动词派生出来的抽象名词,如plan, decision等,另一种是如campaign, evidence, opportunity, position, power, project, reason, right等的抽象名词。
My plan to go abroad has failed.
我出国的计划没能实现。
We don’t have enough evidence to prove that he was wrong.
我们没有充足的证据来证明他是错的。
(6)不定式作状语
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