备战2023-2024学年高一上学期期中英语真题分类汇编（全国通用）专题02阅读理解（说明文及其他）（Word版附解析）

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专题02 阅读理解（说明文及其他）

Passage 1 （2022秋·广东佛山·高一统考期中）
If a person forgets names, places or facts — and has trouble with everyday things like reading or shopping — it may not mean you are getting old. It could be Alzheimer’s (阿尔茨海默病) disease. So it’s important to see a doctor as soon as you can.
There is no cure for Alzheimer’s. But a medicine called ARICEPT (安理申) has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms (症状).
In studies, ARICEPT has been proved to work for Alzheimer’s. It has helped people improve their memory over time. It has also helped them to keep doing everyday things on their own.
Ask your doctor if ARICEPT is right for you or your loved one. It is the Number One medicine for Alzheimer’s in the world. The sooner you know it’s Alzheimer’s, the better ARICEPT can help.
ARICEPT is good for many but may not be good for everyone. Some people may experience not sleeping well, feeling very tired, or not wanting to eat. In studies, these side effects weren’t serious at all and went away over time. Some people taking ARICEPT may feel light-headed. In this case you should tell your doctors because your condition may get worse.
1．If one suffers from Alzheimer’s, ________.
A．he can’t move about B．he has trouble with his memory
C．he gets old more quickly D．he can’t do everyday things on his own
2．What is ARICEPT?
A．A medicine to cure Alzheimer’s.
B．A medicine to cure brain damage.
C．A medicine to reduce the signs of getting old.
D．A medicine to ease the symptoms of Alzheimer’s.
3．On what condition should a patient taking ARICEPT go to see a doctor?
A．If he can’t fall asleep. B．If he feels like a drunken man.
C．If he has no desire to eat. D．If he feels tired out.

【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了治疗阿尔兹海默病的药物——安理申。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“If a person forgets names, places or facts — and has trouble with everyday things like reading or shopping — it may not mean you are getting old. It could be Alzheimer’s disease.(如果一个人忘记名字、地点或事实，并且在阅读或购物等日常生活中遇到困难，这可能并不意味着你变老了。可能是阿尔兹海默病)”可知，如果一个人得了阿尔兹海默病，他会有记忆问题。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“There is no cure for Alzheimer’s. But a medicine called ARICEPT (安理申) has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms.(阿尔茨海默病无法治愈。但是一种叫做安理申的药物已经被数百万人用来缓解他们的症状)”可知，安理申是一种缓解阿尔茨海默病症状的药。故选D项。
3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Some people taking ARICEPT may feel light-headed. In this case you should tell your doctors because your condition may get worse.(一些服用安理申的人可能会感到头晕。在这种情况下，你应该告诉你的医生，因为你的病情可能会恶化)”可知，如果一个人在吃了安理申后头晕，像是喝醉一样的话，要去看医生。故选B项。

Passage 2 （2022秋·山西忻州·高一忻州一中校考期中）
Whether they’re playing on our TV screens or printed in newspapers, adverts are everywhere.
In fact, according to US market research company Yankclovich, the average person living in a city sees thousands of ads every single day.
However, ads don’t just act as a tool for getting people to buy things; they also serve as a window into cultures, societies and history.
Modern adverts began to appear in the 18th and 19th centuries, since advances in printing techniques allowed more detailed images to be produced in newspapers and magazines.
Looking at some of these early ads is like taking a step back in time to another world.
For example, an 1881 advert for French cigarettes promised that its product would “give immediate relief” to a list of medical conditions, including breathing problems.
And a US ad from a 1955 newspaper advised mothers to mix the sugary soft drink A7 Up with their baby’s milk.
These days, of course, the harmful effects of both smoking and sugary drinks are well known.
But although these adverts seem unusual to us now, perhaps future generations may consider some of today’s ads to be just as bizarre.
“Advertising often serves as an indicator for what society considers to be socially acceptable and desirable at the time.” US marketing expert wrote on the Ad Council’s website.
In spite of being designed to sell or advertise something, some ads can even become part of a society’s vernacular (方言).
In the UK, for example, a slogan (标语)created in 1994 to advertise paint is used in everyday conversation by many Britons.
The phrase, “It does exactly what it says on the tin”, is used to describe an item or product that’s open, straight forward and simple.
Meanwhile, also in the UK, if someone describes themselves as a “Marmite person”, this means that you may either lose them or hate them, based on the British food Marmite’s slogan, “Love it or hate it.”
So, in spite of what we may think of them, it seems that ads are a bigger part of everyday life than we think they are.
Instead of finding them annoying, however, at least we can be assured that future generations will have an interesting way to see how we lived —— no matter how unusual today’s world may seem to them.
4．What does the underlined word “bizarre” in Paragraph 9 probably mean?
A．Typical. B．Creative. C．Strange. D．Misleading.
5．The examples of the two British phrases are mentioned mainly to ______.
A．prove most ads in the past were simple
B．show ads can influence everyday language
C．explain why some ads arc very popular
D．show that British people love to use words from ads
6．What’s the article mainly about?
A．The history of modern adverts. B．The changing roles of ads.
C．How ads reflect history and societies. D．Ads that have influenced our lives.

【答案】4．C 5．B 6．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。广告不仅仅是让人们购买东西的工具；它们也是了解文化、社会和历史的窗口。
4．词义猜测题。根据划线单词前的部分“But although these adverts seem unusual to us now, perhaps future generations may consider some of today’s ads to be（但是，尽管这些广告对现在的我们来说似乎很不寻常，也许后代会认为今天的一些广告……）”可知，我们会认为上文提到的早期的两个广告不寻常；但是，今天的一些广告对于将来的人来说，也许会有同样的感觉，所以划线单词bizarre应该和上文的unusual是同义词，其意义为“异乎寻常的”。故选C项。
5．推理判断题。根据文章的倒数第六段“In spite of being designed to sell or advertise something, some ads can even become part of a society’s vernacular.（尽管设计广告是为了销售或宣传某些东西，但有些广告甚至可以成为一个社会方言的一部分）”可知，有些广告甚至可以成为一个社会方言的一部分。而下文接着提到英语中的两个习语“It does exactly what it says on the tin”和“Marmite person”，它们都来自广告语。所以，作者提到两个英语习语的目的是想表明广告可以影响人们的日常用语。故选B项。
6．主旨大意题。根据文章的第三段“However, ads don’t just act as a tool for getting people to buy things; they also serve as a window into cultures, societies and history.（然而，广告不仅仅是让人们购买东西的工具；它们也是了解文化、社会和历史的窗口）”和主要内容可知，本文主要说的是广告可以反映当时的历史和社会情况。故选C项。

Passage 3 （2023春·广东惠州·高一校考期中）
The Biggest Stadiums in the World
People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece. In around 80 A．D．, the Romans built the Colosseum, which remains the world’s best known stadium and continues to inform contemporary design. Rome’s Colosseum was 157 feet tall and had 80 entrances, seating 50,000 people. However, that was small fry compared with the city’s Circus Maximus, which accommodated around 250,000 people.
These days, safety regulations-not to mention the modern sports fan’s desire for a good view and comfortable seat—tend to keep stadium capacities（容量） slightly lower. Even soccer fans tend to have a seat each; gone are the days of thousands standing to watch the match.
For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far, which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated information from official stadium websites.
All these stadiums are still funtional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.
·Rungrado 1st of May Stadium, Pyongyang D．P.R. Korea. Capacity: 150,000. Opened: May 1,1989.
·Michigan Stadium, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U. S. Capacity: 107,601. Opened: October 1, 1927.
·Beaver Stadium, State College, Pennsylvania, U. S. Capacity: 106,572. Opened: September 17, 1960.
·Ohio Stadium, Columbus, Ohio, U. S. Capacity: 104,944. Opened: October 7,1922.
·Kyle Field, College Station, Texas, U. S. Capacity: 102,512. Opened: September 24, 1927.
7．How many people could the Circus Maximus hold?
A．104,944. B．107,601. C．About 150,000. D．About 250,000.
8．Of the following stadiums, which is the oldest?
A．Michigan Stadium. B．Beaver Stadium. C．Ohio Stadium. D．Kyle Field.
9．What do the listed stadiums have in common?
A．They host big games. B．They have become tourist attractions.
C．They were built by Americans. D．They are favored by architects.

【答案】7．D 8．C 9．A
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了世界上最大的体育场。目前这些体育场仍在运行并且还在承办大型体育赛事。
7．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“However, that was small fry compared with the city’s Circus Maximus, which accommodated around 250,000 people.(然而，与这座城市容纳了25万人的大竞技场相比，这只是小巫见大巫。)”可知，Circus Maximus的可以容纳250,000人。故选D项。
8．细节理解题。根据文章最后部分中的“Ohio Stadium, Columbus, Ohio, U.S. Capacity: 104,944. Opened October 7, 1922.(美国俄亥俄州哥伦布市俄亥俄体育场，容纳人数：104,944人。1922年10月7日开业。)”可知Ohio Stadium在1922年10月7日开业；由最后一段“Michigan Stadium, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U. S. Capacity: 107,601. Opened: October 1, 1927. （密歇根体育场，美国密歇根州安阿伯市，容量: 107,601人，开业日期: 1927年10月1日。）可知Michigan Stadium的开业时间是1927年10月1日；由文中最后一段“Beaver Stadium, State College, Pennsylvania, U. S. Capacity: 106,572. Opened: September 17, 1960. （美国宾夕法尼亚州立大学海狸体育馆，可容纳106,572人。开放时间: 1960年9月17日。）可知Beaver Stadium的开业时间是1960年9月17日；最后一段“Kyle Field, College Station, Texas, U. S. Capacity: 102,512. Opened: September 24, 1927.（凯尔菲尔德，学院站，得克萨斯州，容量: 102,512。开放时间: 1927年9月24日。）”可知Kyle Field的开业时间是1927年9月24日；通过对比，Ohio Stadium的开业时间最久远，是最老的体育场。故选C项。
9．细节理解题。根据最后一段“All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport. (所有这些体育场馆仍在使用，仍在开放，仍在举办世界上最大的体育赛事。)”可知，这些体育馆都还在承办大型的体育赛事，这是他们的共同点。故选A项。
Passage 4 （2023春·广东汕头·高一校考期中）
The United States has a vast network of National Parks spread all around the country. Here are some National Parks for you.
Arches National Park, Utah
More than 2,000 natural stone arches make Arches National Park a special place in Utah. Travelers from around the world come to see brilliant sunsets that light up the sky each night. Hikers and rock climbers will love the endless options for exploring, while more low-key visitors are sure to love the camping.
Acadia, Maine
Super close to Bar Harbor, one of Maine's most beloved tiny towns, Acadia National Park tops travel guides for the Vacation State. Before making your way to Mt. Desert island, dine on the country's most famous fish and lake advantage of the opportunity to go whale watching on the Atlantic Ocean. When visiting Acadia, set aside some time to hike and go boating.
Mount Rainier, Washington
We couldn't leave the park with you slowly moving ice off the list. Washington's Mount Rainier National Park, found southeast of Seattle, has 25 of them (along with the famous volcano) as its attention-catching sight. The National Park says it's "the snowiest place on earth where snow is measured regularly." If snowcapped peaks aren't your thing, plan to visit the park when the weather is warmer.
Great Sand Dunes (沙丘), Colorado
You probably imagine the Rocky Mountains when you think about Colorado, but did you know that the Centennial state is also home to the United States' largest sand dunes? See them for yourself at Great Sand Dunes National Park, where you can go sand boarding or "fat biking". Though June temperatures are said to be some of Southern Colorado's best, a warm winter day can be an equally enjoyable time to see the dunes.
10．What do Arches National Park and Acadia have in common?
A．Tourists can hike in the parks. B．They are located in tiny towns.
C．Both of the parks offer sea food. D．They offer free guide to travellers.
11．What attracts travellers most in Mount Rainier?
A．Sunsets. B．Whales.
C．Ice. D．Sands.
12．Where can you go if you are fond of cycling?
A．Arches National Park, Utah B．Acadia, Maine
C．Mount Rainier, Washington D．Great Sand Dunes, Colorado

【答案】10．A 11．C 12．D
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国的四个国家自然公园以及各个公园吸引游客的地方。
10．细节理解题。根据前两个公园内容Hikers and rock climbers will love the endless options for exploring和When visiting Acadia, set aside some time to hike and go boating.可知，在这两个公园里爬山爱好者和徒步者都能进行远足或攀爬。故选A。
11．细节理解题。根据第三个公园内容We couldn’t leave the park with glaciers off the list.可知，雷尼尔山一直在有冰山的公园名单上，且The National Park says it's "the snowiest place on earth where snow is measured regularly."国家公园提到这里是地球上最常下雪的地方。由此可知，雷尼尔山最著名的是冰雪。故选C。
12．细节理解题。根据第四个公园内容where you can go sand boarding and sledding (it’s a real thing!) or “fat biking”.可知，在大沙丘公园可以滑沙或者且骑自行车，所以喜欢骑行的人可以去大沙丘公园。故选D。

Passage 5 （2023春·上海嘉定·高一校考期中）
Australians have long been known for having a relaxed and casual attitude to life. According to Dr. Tanya King, senior lecturer from Victoria's Deakin University. "It's Australians' egalitarianism ,sense of humor and informal language that are most commonly mentioned as examples of this attitude. "
Egalitarianism roots in the way that the nation was built. In Australia's founding car in the late 1700s, criminal settlers were often cruelly treated and robbed of their basic human rights by governors. The criminal class. who were mostly working-class Brits and Irish. was unable to seek civic positions that were reserved for immigrants w ho were not the criminal, with the latter arguing that if criminals gained equal rights it would be "rewarding criminality ". Because of this, an egalitarian spirit was worn as a symbol of honor by many criminal settlers. They may not have had power, education or wealth. but they had a shared belief in equality.
The informal way Australians use language is also believed to root in criminal times. Philologist Sidney Baker once wrote that "no other class would have a better talent for creating new terms to fit in with their new conditions in life. " Cockney rhyming slang brought over by the British working class was abbreviated even further - so " have a Captains Cook"（have a look）. became "ava captains". This same practice was used to economize ordinary clauses. Words like "good day" became "g' day". and barbecue was "barbie".
The tough conditions of settler times also played a part in Australians' dry self-criticizing and sarcastic（讽刺的） sense of humor. While in many countries it's considered poor taste to find humor in difficult circumstances. Australians lend to look at the lighter side. On one road trip, as I hit the stale line and entered Victoria. I drove past some blackened trees, the leftovers of a recent bush-fire. A road sign warning drivers about wildlife was half-melted and bent, but the shape of a hopping kangaroo was still distinct. Behind the figure, someone had drawn flames making it look as though the animal's tail was on fire. I couldn't help but laugh - it was a brilliant reminder of the country's "nothing upsets us" and anti-authoritarian attitude.
And one thing you can't help but notice when driving around Australia is the country's plentiful amounts of space. This. along with considerable leisure time plus favorable climate, all contributes to Australian's relaxed attitude.
13．The underlined word "egalitarianism" is closest to ______ in meaning.
A．criminality B．cruelty C．equality D．governmentalism
14．Which of the following is feature of the way Australians use language?
A．They use more slangs than other people.
B．They give new meaning to existent words.
C．They favor shortened forms of expressions.
D．They coin terms in memory of criminal times.
15．What can be inferred from paragraph 4?
A．Kangaroos' living conditions are getting tougher.
B．Forest fires threatened Australian's life to a great extent.
C．Potential danger is here and there on the roads in Victoria.
D．Australians' jokes may not be as careless as they seem on the surface.
16．The passage mainly talks about ______.
A．how the late 1700s impacted Australia
B．why Australians enjoy casual life so much
C．what contributes to Australians' relaxed lifestyle
D．how Australians present their attitude towards life

【答案】13．C 14．C 15．D 16．D
【分析】本文属于说明文。作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了澳大利亚人目前他们对生活的态度。
13．词句猜测题。根据第一段“Australians have long been known for having a relaxed and casual attitude to life.（众所周知，澳大利亚人对生活的态度是轻松随意的。）”可知，澳大利亚人对待生活是轻松随意的态度，而划线句子“It's Australians' egalitarianism, sense of humor and informal language that are most commonly mentioned as examples of this attitude.（最常被提到的例子是澳大利亚人的 egalitarianism、幽默感和非正式语言。）”可推测，划线词应为“平等”之意。A选项与B选项为贬义，而D选项“政府主义”与relaxed and casual attitude不符。故选C项。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段“Cockney rhyming slang brought over by the British working class was abbreviated even further - so " have a Captains Cook"（have a look）. became "ava captains".Words like "good day" became "g' day". and barbecue was "barbie".（由英国工人阶级带来的伦敦腔押韵俚语被进一步缩写——所以“have a captain Cook”(看一下)，写成了“ava captains”。诸如“ good day”变成了“ g’ day”。“ barbecue”变成了“ barbie”。）”可知，澳大利亚人使用语言的一个特点是他们偏爱缩略形式的表达方式。故选C项。
15．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The tough conditions of settler times also played a part in Australians' dry self-criticizing and sarcastic sense of humor. While in many countries it's considered poor taste to find humor in difficult circumstances. Australians lend to look at the lighter side. I couldn't help but laugh-it was a brilliant reminder of the country's ‘nothing upsets us' and anti- authoritarian attitude.（定居者时代的艰苦条件也在澳大利亚人干巴的自我批评和讽刺幽默感中起了作用。而在许多国家，在困难的环境中寻找幽默被认为是低级趣味。澳大利亚人倾向于看到光明的一面。我忍不住笑了起来——这让我想起了这个国家“没有什么让我们不安”和反独裁的态度。）”可知，澳大利亚人的笑话可能不像表面上那么粗心。故选D项。
16．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Australians have long been known for having a relaxed and casual attitude to life.（众所周知，澳大利亚人对生活的态度是轻松随意的。）”可知，这篇文章主要讲的是澳大利亚人目前他们对生活的态度。故选D项。

Passage 6 （2023春·四川眉山·高一校考期中）
Some people say global English is no longer just controlled by British or American English,but is running free and developing uniquely local forms.Can you figure out the following terms?
“I like your smile,but unlike you put your shoes on my face.”This is a way of saying“Keep off the grass.”Or“people mountain,people sea”,which means“very crowded”.
These examples are what we call Chinglish.When it comes to Chinglish,if all you know is“good good study,day day up”,you will be considered“out man”.
Nowadays,more Chinglish words have been created,for example,a Chinese idiom is translated as“smilence”,a combination by the English word smile and silence.
Chinglish usually offers a humorous look at misuses of the English language in Chinese street signs,products,and advertising.They are favoured by some English speaking tourists and visitors.Dominic Swire has been living in Beijing for a couple of years.“I think many Chinese people complain about the Chinglish and badly translated English.But you know,sometimes for us foreigners,it’s actually quite charming to see them.I think if the translations of English in China were all perfect,then something would be lost from Chinese culture.”
However,Chinglish will probably become a“cultural relic”in the near future.Beijing has made a comprehensive plan to improve foreign language services and correct Chinglish within five years.“It is very ridiculous to see Chinglish on the signs in some scenic spots.And they are a kind of barrier for communication between Chinese and people from other countries,”a Beijinger said.
Some Chinese university experts side with Chinglish.They argue that English has absorbed elements from other languages such as French and Spanish in its growth,and now it’s Chinese’s turn.
17．What can we call Chinglish?
A．English words which get new Chinese meanings.
B．The Chinese words which are difficult to translate.
C．The words combining English vocabulary and Chinese grammar.
D．The local words preventing foreigners from learning Chinese well.
18．What does“smilence”most probably mean?
A．Saying nothing but to smile. B．Smiling without being noticed.
C．Laughing at somebody. D．Knowing little about speech.
19．What is Swire’s attitude to Chinglish?
A．It can show the humour of Chinese. B．It will attract more foreign tourists.
C．It helps him to learn Chinese well. D．It seems part of Chinese culture.
20．Why Chinglish is likely to become a“cultural relic”in Beijing?
A．Because it has become a unique bridge between Chinese and English.
B．Because Chinglish is a chance to enrich Chinese and English.
C．Because it improves the understanding between Chinese and foreigners.
D．Because Beijing is determined to get rid of Chinglish signs.

【答案】17．C 18．A 19．D 20．D
【分析】本文是说明文。如今, 世界英语不单单受美式英语和英式英语的影响, 英语词汇和汉语语法的结合还导致了越来越多的“中国式英语”的出现。
17．推理判断题。根据第四段“more Chinglish words have been created, for example, a Chinese idiom is translated as“smilence”,a combination by the English word smile and silence.” 更多的中式英语词汇被创造出来，例如，一个汉语成语被翻译成“smilence”，由英语单词微笑和沉默组合而成。这里“笑而不语”把英语词汇按照汉语语法表达出来，故选C项。
18．词句猜测题。根据第四段结尾“a combination by the English word smile and silence”可知，根据中文意思把“微笑”和“沉默”结合，即表示“笑而不语”。故选A项。
19．推理判断题。根据第五段中Swire说话的内容“I think if the translations of English in China were all perfect, then something would be lost from Chinese culture.” 我认为如果中国的英语翻译都很完美，那么中国文化就会丢失一些东西，可知, 他认为中国式英语是中国文化的一部分。故选D项。
20．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的 “Beijing has made a comprehensive plan to improve foreign language services and correct Chinglish within five years. ” 北京已经制定了一项全面计划，在五年内提高外语服务和纠正中式英语。所以中式英语可能将不存在了，故选D项。

Passage 7 （2022春·山东·高一统考期中）
As more people move into their golden years, many families are welcoming their senior parents into their homes. While most seniors claim to prefer to age in their own homes, safety and health concerns don’t always make this possible.
If you are preparing to welcome a senior parent into your home, everyone will have an adjustment period. This type of move will have physical, emotional, and mental influences for the whole family. Here’re a few tips to help you open your heart and home to your senior parents.
You may be excited about having your senior parent move in, but that doesn’t mean they will share your enthusiasm. Being asked to move out of their own home can be very upsetting for your parents. So it’s important to be patient with them and allow them the time to adjust to their new environment.
It’s also important to give your parents a space of their own. Before you decide to bring a senior parent into your home, you need to consider if you have enough space for them.
Then, for adult children, offering a senior parent a safe home is a priority. Before moving, you will need to make some changes around your home to help your parents stay safe. For example, install grab bars in the bathroom, repair all stairways, add anti-slip mats to the kitchen and so on. And arm yourself with knowledge like First Aid courses.
In addition, your senior parent will be used to being in charge of their own home and is likely to feel like a bother as they begin to settle in your home. One effective way is to assign them a household responsibility. Ask your parents to look after the dog or cook a meal to make them feel like an active and important part of the family.
21．Who may be the intended readers of the text?
A．People moving into their golden years.
B．People having senior parents to take care of.
C．People wanting to age in their own homes.
D．Senior people having safety and health concerns.
22．Which is the most important to move your senior parents home?
A．Being patient with your parents.
B．Giving them enough space.
C．Making sure of their safety.
D．Assigning them a household responsibility.
23．Why should you give your parents housework to do?
A．To make them feel like a bother.
B．To make them think themselves useful.
C．To make them in charge of the family.
D．To encourage them to exercise actively.
24．Which of the following is the best title of the text?
A．Troubles to live with senior parents.
B．A good way to age for senior people.
C．Take your responsibility to adjust yourself.
D．Open your heart and home to your senior parents.

【答案】21．B 22．C 23．B 24．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了年迈的父母搬来和孩子居住后，面临的一系列的问题和处理方法。
21．推理判断题。根据第一段“As more people move into their golden years, many families are welcoming their senior parents into their homes.”（随着越来越多的人步入晚年，许多家庭开始欢迎年迈的父母来家里）可知，这篇文章是写给即将把年迈的父母搬到身边居住的年轻人。故选B项。
22．细节理解题。根据第一段“While most seniors claim to prefer to age in their own homes, safety and health concerns don’t always make this possible.”（但出于安全和健康的考虑，这并不总是可行的）以及第五段“Then, for adult children, offering a senior parent a safe home is a priority. Before moving, you will need to make some changes around your home to help your parents stay safe.”（然后，对于成年子女来说，为年长的父母提供一个安全的家是优先考虑的。在搬家之前，你需要在家里做一些改变，以保证父母的安全）可知，父母的安全是最为重要的。故选C项。
23．细节理解题。根据最后一段“One effective way is to assign them a household responsibility. Ask your parents to look after the dog or cook a meal to make them feel like an active and important part of the family.”（一个有效的方法是让他们承担家庭责任。让你的父母照顾狗狗或做一顿饭，让他们感觉自己是家庭中活跃和重要的一部分）可知，给父母分配一些家务活能让父母感觉自己还能发挥自己的作用。故选B项。
24．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“If you are preparing to welcome a senior parent into your home, everyone will have an adjustment period. This type of move will have physical, emotional, and mental influences for the whole family. Here’re a few tips to help you open your heart and home to your senior parents.”（如果你准备欢迎一位年长的父母到你家来，每个人都将有一个适应期。这种搬家会对整个家庭产生身体、情感和精神上的影响。这里有一些建议可以帮助你向你的父母敞开心扉）以及下文主要介绍了一些把父母搬到身边居住需要注意的事项，可知D项“Open your heart and home to your senior parents.”（向你的父母敞开心扉）符合文意。故选D项。

Passage 8 （2022秋·浙江宁波·高一慈溪中学校考期中）
The common use of Google Maps, a navigation (导航) app on smartphones, raises the age-old question we meet with any technology: What skills are we losing? But also, importantly: What abilities are we getting?
People who are good at finding their way around or good at using paper maps are usually confused about digital (数字的) maps. For example, they may mess up the direction of north and south. But consider what digital navigation apps have meant for someone like me. Although I travel often, I’m so terrible at finding my way that I still use Google Maps almost every day where I have lived for many years. What seems unnecessary to some has been an important part of my own abilities.
Part of the problem is that reading paper maps requires a special skill set. There is nothing natural about them. In many developed nations, street names and house numbers are meaningful, and instructions such as "go north for three blocks and then west" are usually understandable. In Istanbul, however, where I grew up, none of those hold true. For one thing, the locals hardly use street names, and house numbers often aren’t sequential. After buildings 1,2 and 3 were built, someone might put in another house between 1 and 2, and that’s 4. Therefore, instructions as simple as "go north" would require a helicopter. I got lost all the time.
But since I used Google Maps, I travel with a lot more confidence. As a result, my world has opened up and my native navigation skills have improved, too.
That brings me back to my question: while we often lose some skills after seeking convenience from technology, this new setup may also allow us to gain more abilities and do something more confidently. Maybe when technology closes a door, we should also look for the doors it opens.
25．What do we know about Google Maps from the first two paragraphs?
A．It confuses users like the writer.
B．It helps people read maps better.
C．It is a technology welcomed by all.
D．It is popular but brings doubts as well.
26．Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “sequential” in Paragraph 3?
A．In a usual order. B．Easily noticed. C．of the same kind. D．Clearly written.
27．What’s the writer’s main purpose of writing the passage?
A．To introduce the use of Google Maps.
B．To share his opinions on Google Maps.
C．To show the influence of Google Maps.
D．To tell the great popularity of Google Maps.

【答案】25．D 26．A 27．B
【分析】本文是议论文，主要介绍了谷歌地图的好处和坏处，同时作者表明自己对谷歌地图的看法。
25．推理判断题。根据第一段“The common use of Google Maps, a navigation app on smartphones, raises the age-old question we meet with any technology” 谷歌地图是智能手机上的一款导航应用，它的普遍使用引发了我们在任何技术中都会遇到的一个古老问题。可知，谷歌地图受欢迎。根据第二段“People who are good at finding their way around            or good at using paper maps are usually confused about digital (数字的) maps.”擅长找路或擅长使用纸质地图的人通常会对电子地图感到困惑。可知，对于有些人来说，谷歌地图会带来麻烦。所以谷歌地图受欢迎的同时也会带来麻烦。故选D项。
26．词义猜测题。根据第三段“After buildings 1,2 and 3 were built, someone might put in another house between 1 and 2, and that’s 4.” 在1号、2号和3号楼建成后，有人可能会在1号和2号楼之间再建一座房子，那就是4号楼。可知，此处楼号不是按照顺序来的，所以not sequential指的是不按顺序的，那sequential的意思就是按顺序，故选A项。
27．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“But since I used Google Maps, I travel with a lot more confidence” 但自从我使用谷歌地图后，我旅行时就更有信心了。和最后一段“Maybe when technology closes a door, we should also look for the doors it opens.” 也许当技术关上一扇门时，我们也应该寻找它打开的门。这两处都表明了作者对谷歌地图的看法，故选B项。

Passage 9 （2022秋·山东青岛·高一山东省青岛第十七中学校考期中）
Stuttering （口 吃）has nothing to do with intelligence. I know this because I stutter. If it takes me a while longer to say a word, it's not because I can't remember the word; it's because the neural(神经的） pathway that transforms words in my head into sounds in my mouth is wired differently. And differences, of course, are the best way to get negative attention in our society. Taking extra time to get my words out can surely be frustrating, but that's nothing compared to the misery of dealing with people's reactions.
Almost all children who stutter are discouraged from speaking in one way or another. It's usually not as direct as someone walking up to them and saying, “Hey, stuttering kid! Keep your mouth shut!” But when your voice causes adults and peers to snicker （窃笑）or roll their eyes, it's pretty discouraging.
Growing up, I learned to avoid speaking whenever possible. I hated what came out of my mouth, full of awkward breaks and pauses. I figured whatever future I had, it probably involved a vow of silence.
Today Fm a touring author and comedian. It took me 30-something years to get over stuttering. Did I stop stuttering? No! I couldn't stop if I wanted to. But I stopped wanting to stop. Instead of wasting all my time and energy trying to meet unattainable standards, I learned that it's OK to stutter. And I learned by example. I attended the National Stuttering Association conference and met all kinds of people who stutter—people who didn't hate themselves, who didn't silence themselves. They stuttered, and they were OK with it! I remember watching them and thinking, "That's who I want to be!"
There's a popular saying in comedy: "Your weakness is your strength." When I first entered my local open-mic scene, I was quickly met with some "smart" guys looking to score a cheap laugh at my expense. I remember introducing myself to one comedian and stuttering on my name, as I usually do. Eager to demonstrate his smartness, he replied, "Is that Nina with five Ns?" "No," I said, "it's Nina with two Ns!" Just like that, I had created a joke as the result of someone making fiin of my stutter.
To this day, whenever I need inspiration for a new joke, I just think about all the ridiculous comments I get from non-stuttering people. It's a comedy gold mine!
28．It takes the author longer to say a word because she has _______.
A．a comparatively low IQ B．trouble in organizing ideas
C．a relatively small brain D．problems in her neural system
29．What annoys the author most about her stuttering is _______.
A．the unfriendly reactions of others
B．the difficulty in memorising words
C．her unpromising future as a stutterer
D．her embarrassing pauses during talks
30．The author got over stuttering by _______.
A．adjusting her attitude towards it
B．getting help from non-stutterers
C．telling herself constantly to stop it
D．silencing herself whenever possible
31．Paragraph 5 is mainly about the author's _______.
A．success as a comedian
B．respect for other comedians
C．resistance to others' strength
D．acceptance of her imperfection

【答案】28．D 29．A 30．A 31．D
【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述作者花了30多年克服了口吃的毛病，并成为一名巡回演出的作家和喜剧演员。作者认为克服口吃最重要的是，改变对口吃的态度并接受自己的不完美。
28．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“it's because the neural(神经的）pathway that transforms words in my head into sounds in my mouth is wired differently.(这是因为将我大脑中的文字转换成嘴里的声音的神经通路是不同的。)”可知，因为她的神经系统有问题，所以作者说一个字要花更长的时间。故选D。
29．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“But when your voice causes adults and peers to snicker （窃笑）or roll their eyes, it's pretty discouraging. (但是，当你的声音会导致成人和同伴偷笑窃或不以为然，这很令人沮丧。)”可推断出，她口吃最让作者恼火的是别人不友好的反应。故选A。
30．推理判断题。根据文章第三段和特别是第四段“Instead of wasting all my time and energy trying to meet unattainable standards, I learned that it's OK to stutter.( 我并没有浪费时间和精力去达到无法达到的标准，我意识到了口吃是没关系的。)”可推断出，作者从尽量避免说话到克服了口吃的毛病，是因为作者通过调整自己的态度克服了口吃。故选A。
31．主旨大意题。根据文章第五段首句“There's a popular saying in comedy: "Your weakness is your strength." (在喜剧中有一句流行的谚语：“你的弱点就是你的长处。”)”和后文作者举自己向一位喜剧演员介绍自己的事例可知，本段作者告诉我们要学会接受自己的不完美。故选D。
【点睛】推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，同学们要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词句，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。如小题2根据文章第二段“But when your voice causes adults and peers to snicker （窃笑）or roll their eyes, it's pretty discouraging. (但是，当你的声音会导致成人和同伴偷笑窃或不以为然，这很令人沮丧。)”中带有感情色彩的词句“it's pretty discouraging”可推断出，她口吃最让作者恼火的是别人不友好的反应，从而推断出答案。


Passage 10（2022秋·安徽合肥·高一合肥一六八中学校考期中）
Pilates (普拉提), yoga and the running machine get all the attention when it comes to popular ways to keep fit. There is, however, a more humble exercise that might not be so attractive, but has all the benefits—walking.
Certified fitness professional Jolynn Jaekel explains, "What I love about walking is that anyone can do it at any age and any fitness level. Plus it is good for your heart, your head and your wallet.”
A recent report detailed the health benefits of walking. The report found that walking regularly to fulfill (执行,履行) the 150 minutes of moderate (适度的) physical exercise every week, recommended by the UK's chief medical officer, could save 37, 000 lives each year.
Scientists at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in California found that quick walking reduced the risk of heart disease more effectively than running. They observed participants aged between 18 and 80 over a six-year period and found that walking reduced the risk of heart disease by 9.3%, while running reduced it by 4. 5%. And there is even more good news: 30 minutes of quick walking over five days could help you sleep easily, according to research by Oregon State University. The study by the university showed that walking helped participants sleep better and feel more alert during the day.
The sooner you get started, the sooner you'll notice the differences in your mind and body. So, go out for your 30-minute walk in a nearby park or green space.
32．What does the underlined word "humble" probably mean in the first paragraph?
A．relaxing B．plain
C．popular D．active
33．What does Jolynn Jaekel think of walking?
A．It's loved by people of all ages.
B．It's much healthier than running.
C．It's becoming more and more popular.
D．It's a money-saving physical exercise.
34．What did scientists at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory find?
A．Walking helps people with sleep problems.
B．Walking contributes to curing heart disease.
C．Walking is better than running in some cases.
D．Walking 150 minutes per week can save lives.
35．In which section of a newspaper can we read this text?
A．Lifestyle B．Comment
C．Education D．Science

【答案】32．B 33．D 34．C 35．A
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了步行是最简单有效的健康生活方式。
32．词句猜测题。根据第一段“Pilates, yoga and the running machine get all the attention when it comes to popular ways to stay healthy. There is, however, a more humble exercise that might not be so attractive, but has all the benefits — walking.”(普拉提、瑜伽和跑步机在保持健康的流行方法方面得到了广泛关注。然而，还有一种 humble锻炼方式，可能不那么吸引人，但却有所有的好处 —— 散步)可知，作者推荐了“散步”这种锻炼方式，与句中“Pilates, yoga and the running machine”相比较，这种方式普通，没有太大吸引力，结合选项可推知，划线词humble和plain意思相近，表 示“普通的，没有特别之处的”。故选B。
33．细节理解题。根据第二段“What I love about walking is that anyone can do it at any age and any fitness level. Plus, it is good for your heart, your head and your wallet.”(我喜欢散步，因为任何人都可以在任何年龄、任何健康水平上进行。此外散步对你的心脏、大脑和钱包都有好处。 )可知，步行对人的心脏和大脑都有好处，并且可以省钱。故选D。
34．细节理解题。根据第三段“Scientists at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in California found that quick walking reduces the risk of heartdisease more effectively than running.”(研究发现，快步行走比跑步更有效地降低患心脏病的风险。 )和下文将步行和跑步从几个方面进行的对比来看，散步从某些方面来看优于跑步。故选C。
35．推理判断题。通读全文并结合第一段“Pilates,yoga and the running machine get all the attention when it comes to popular ways to stay healthy. There is, however,a more humble exercise that might not be so attractive, but has all the benefits — walking.”(普拉提、瑜伽和跑步机在保持健康的流行方法方面得到了广泛关注。然而，还有一种更简单的锻炼方式，可能不那么吸引人，但却有所有的好处—— 散步。)可知，本文主要介绍了最简单有效的锻炼方式——步行。由此推知，该文章出自于报纸上介绍生活方式的版块。故选A。

Passage 11（2022秋·江苏常州·高一常州市第一中学校考期中）
The other day, my sister and I were sitting in the restaurant, trying to have a conversation, but her children, four-year-old Willow and seven-year-old Luca, would not stop fighting. The arguments——over a fork, or who had more water in a glass--never stopped.
Then my sister reached into her handbag, produced two shiny iPads, and handed one to each child. Suddenly, the two were quiet. They sat playing games and watching videos, and we continued with our conversation.
After our meal, as my sister stuffed the iPads back into her bag, she said, “I don’t want to give them the iPads at the dinner table, but if they keep them occupied for an hour so we can eat in peace, I often just hand them over. I am afraid that it’s bad for them. I do worry that it makes them think it’s OK to use electronics at the dinner table in the future.”
Dr. Gary Small, director of the Longevity Center at the University of California, Los Angeles says that the brain is highly sensitive to stimuli(刺激物), like iPads and smartphone screen, and if people spend too much time on one technology, and less time interacting(互动)with people like parents at the dinner table, that could prevent the development of certain communication skills.
“Conversations with each other are the way children learn to have conversations with themselves, and learn how to be alone,” said Sherry Turkle, a professor of science, technology and society at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She fears that children who do not learn real interactions, which often have imperfections, will come to know a world where perfect, shiny screens give them a false sense of intimacy(亲密) without risk. However, they need to be able to gather themselves and know who they are. So someday they can form a relationship with another person without a panic of being alone. “If you don’t teach your children to be alone, they will only know how to be lonely,” she said.
36．What did Willow and Luca fight about?
A．Little things. B．iPads.
C．Delicious food. D．Interesting things.
37．How did the author’s sister feel about offering children iPads?
A．She loved doing it very much B．She was uncertain about its effects.
C．She felt it was worth a try. D．She felt surprised at its effect.
38．According to Dr. Small, what should parents do?
A．Provide their children with various technologies.
B．Teach their children communication skills.
C．Limit their children’s screen time.
D．Talk to their children at the dinner table.
39．What is Sherry Turkle worried?
A．Children are afraid of taking risks.
B．Children try to escape from the real world.
C．Children can’t deal with time when they have to be alone.
D．Children can’t live without electronic devices.

【答案】36．A 37．B 38．C 39．C
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过实例说明了使用电子产品对孩子的影响。
36．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The arguments——over a fork, or who had more water in a glass--never stopped. (争论——关于叉子，或者谁的杯子里的水更多——从来没有停止过。)”可知，Willow和Luca因为一些小东西而争吵。故选A项。
37．推理判断题。根据第三段中作者的姐妹所说“I don’t want to give them the iPads at the dinner table, but if they keep them occupied for an hour so we can eat in peace, I often just hand them over. I am afraid that it’s bad for them. I do worry that it makes them think it’s OK to use electronics at the dinner table in the future. (我不想在餐桌上给他们iPads，但如果iPads能占用他们一个小时，这样我们就可以安静地吃饭，我通常就会把iPads给他们。我担心这对他们不好。我确实担心这会让他们认为将来在餐桌上使用电子产品是可以的。)”可以推知，她不确定提供给孩子iPads会带来什么影响。故选B项。
38．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Dr. Gary Small, director of the Longevity Center at the University of California, Los Angeles says that the brain is highly sensitive to stimuli(刺激物), like iPads and smartphone screen, and if people spend too much time on one technology, and less time interacting(互动)with people like parents at the dinner table, that could prevent the development of certain communication skills. (洛杉矶加利福尼亚大学长寿中心主任Gary Small博士说，大脑对刺激非常敏感，比如iPad和智能手机屏幕，如果人们在一项技术上花费太多的时间，而与餐桌上的父母互动的时间就更少了，这可能会妨碍某些沟通技能的发展。)”可以推知，Dr. Small认为，父母应该限制孩子看屏幕的时间。故选C项。
39．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“She fears that children who do not learn real interactions, which often have imperfections, will come to know a world where perfect, shiny screens give them a false sense of intimacy(亲密) without risk. (她担心，那些没有学会真实互动的孩子，他们的互动往往是不完美的，他们将会了解一个完美、闪亮的屏幕给他们一种没有风险的虚假亲密感的世界。)”以及Sherry Turkle所说“If you don’t teach your children to be alone, they will only know how to be lonely. (如果你不教孩子如何独处，他们只知道如何孤独。)”可知，Sherry Turkle担心，孩子们没有学会真实的互动，无法处理他们必须独处的时间。故选C项。

Passage 12 （2022秋·河南郑州·高一郑州外国语学校校考期中）
Happiness is not a warm phone, according to a new study exploring the link between young life satisfaction and screen time. The study was led by professor of psychology Jean M. Twenge at San Diego State University (SDSU).
To research this link, Twenge, along with colleagues Gabrielle Martin at SDSU and W. Keith Campbell at the University of Georgia, dealt with data from the Monitoring the Future (MtF) study, a nationally representative survey of more than a million U. S. 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-graders. The survey asked students questions about how often they spent time on their Phones, tablets and computers, as well as questions about their face-to-face social interactions and their overall happiness.
On average found that teens who spent more time in front of screen devices — playing computer games, using social media, texting and video chatting — were less happy than those who invested more time in non-screen activities like sports, reading newspapers and magazines, and face-to-face social interactions.
"The key to digital media use and happiness is limited use," Twenge said. "Aim to spend no more than two hours a day on digital media, and try to increase the amount of time you spend seeing friends face-to-face and exercising — two activities reliably linked to greater happiness."
Looking at historical trends from the same age groups since the 1990s, it's easy to find that the increase of screen devices over time happened at the same time as a general drop-off in reported happiness in U. S. teens. Specifically, young peopled life satisfaction and happiness declined sharply after 2012. That's the year when the percentage of Americans who owned a smartphone rose above 50 percent. By far the largest change in teens' lives between 2012 and 2016 was the increase in the amount of time they spent on digital media, and the following decline in in-person social activities and sleep.
40．Which method did Twenge's team use for the study?
A．Calculating students' happiness.
B．Asking students certain questions.
C．Analyzing data from a survey.
D．Doing experiments on screen time.
41．How does the author develop the finding of the study in paragraph 3?
A．By making a comparison.
B．By giving an example.
C．By making an argument.
D．By introducing a concept.
42．What is the purpose of the last paragraph?
A．To draw a conclusion from the study.
B．To offer some advice to the readers.
C．To prove social activities' importance.
D．To support the researchers' finding.
43．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Quitting Phones Equals Happiness
B．Screen Time Should Be Banned
C．Teens' Lives Have Changed Sharply
D．Screen-addicted Teens Are Unhappier

【答案】40．C 41．A 42．D 43．D
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。一项探索年轻人生活满意度和屏幕时间之间关系的新研究表明，幸福不是一部温暖的手机，沉迷于屏幕的青少年更不快乐。
40．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“To research this link, Twenge, along with colleagues Gabrielle Martin at SDSU and W. Keith Campbell at the University of Georgia, dealt with data from the Monitoring the Future (MtF) study, a nationally representative survey of more than a million U. S. 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-graders. (为了研究这一联系，特文奇与圣地亚哥州立大学的加布里埃尔·马丁和乔治亚大学的W. Keith Campbell一起处理了来自“监控未来”（MtF）研究的数据，该研究是一项针对超过一百万名美国8年级、10年级和12年级学生的全国代表性调查)”可知，Twenge 的团队通过分析一项调查的数据的方式来进行这项研究。故选C。
41．推理判断题。根据第三段“On average found that teens who spent more time in front of screen devices — playing computer games, using social media, texting and video chatting — were less happy than those who invested more time in non-screen activities like sports, reading newspapers and magazines, and face-to-face social interactions. (研究发现，花更多时间在屏幕设备前的青少年——玩电脑游戏、使用社交媒体、发短信和视频聊天——比花更多时间在非屏幕活动（如体育运动、阅读报纸和杂志以及面对面的社会互动）的青少年更不快乐)”可知，作者是通过作比较的方式来阐述研究结果的。故选A。
42．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Looking at historical trends from the same age groups since the 1990s, it's easy to find that the increase of screen devices over time happened at the same time as a general drop-off in reported happiness in U. S. teens. Specifically, young peopled life satisfaction and happiness declined sharply after 2012. (看看自上世纪90年代以来同一年龄组的历史趋势，我们很容易发现屏幕设备随着时间的推移而增加的同时，美国青少年报告的幸福感却普遍下降。尤其是2012年后，年轻人的生活满意度和幸福感急剧下降)”可知，最后一段中的这些内容主要是为支持研究发现服务的。故选D。
43．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Happiness is not a warm phone, according to a new study exploring the link between young life satisfaction and screen time. (一项探索年轻人生活满意度和屏幕时间之间关系的新研究表明，幸福不是一部温暖的手机)”及对研究的具体介绍可知，文章主要介绍了一项研究发现——那些沉迷于电子屏幕的青少年明显更不快乐。故选D。

Passage13 （2022秋·天津西青·高一天津市西青区杨柳青第一中学校考期中）
Diwali（Deepavali）is a festival of lights observed in October or November each year in Canada. During the festival, various community groups, businesses, schools and associations celebrate it in different ways. Some companies have Diwali dinners and some communities organize gatherings that feature firework displays, dances, street lighting, and plays.
Many women wear fine jewelry and silk outfits to celebrate Diwali. Some women and girls use Mehendi, a dye decoration which can last a limited time, on their palms, and then they will finally get colorful hand paintings. Many homes that celebrate Diwali have various types of sweets, salty and spiced food as well as Diwali herbs （香料）. Various lights, candles and sparklers are lit inside and outside homes, particularly in courtyards, on Diwali. Diwali is not a nationwide public holiday in Canada but it is a prevalent festival celebrated in many towns and cities. There may be traffic jams and parking places may be full in areas where events are held to celebrate Diwali. Some Indian businesses may close early on Diwali.
Diwali is called the "Festival of Lights" and is celebrated to honor Rama, a hero who once fought and won a battle against the demons（恶魔）. In the past, people lit their houses to celebrate his victory over demons（light over darkness）. At the same time, every household did careful and complete cleaning at home in advance. It is believed that the goddess of happiness and good fortune, Lakshmi travels around the Earth on this day and enters the house that is pure, clean, and bright.
Diwali celebrations may vary in different communities but its spiritual meaning is generally "the awareness of the inner light". As the word “Deepavali” means “a row or cluster of light”, the festival symbolizes the victory of righteousness and the lifting of spiritual darkness.
44．What can we learn about Diwali from the first two paragraphs?
A．It is celebrated on a fixed day.
B．It centers on various local food.
C．People stay up late to prepare for It.
D．People from all walks of life enjoy celebrating it.
45．What does the underlined word "prevalent" in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Popular. B．Free.
C．Serious. D．Funny.
46．According to Paragraph 3, why did people make their houses bright and clean on Diwali?
A．To pray for good journey.
B．To expect joy and good luck.
C．To create a romantic atmosphere.
D．To welcome their friends to visit.
47．What's the present meaning of Diwali?
A．Showing respect for others.
B．Staying straight and positive.
C．Valuing your family members.
D．Improving your living environment.
48．What is the author's purpose in writing this passage?
A．To stress the importance of a public holiday.
B．To tell an interesting story about a Canadian festival.
C．To briefly introduce a traditional festival in Canada.
D．To show different holiday celebrations in Western cultures.

【答案】44．D 45．A 46．B 47．B 48．C
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了加拿大的一个传统节日——排灯节。
44．推理判断题。根据第一段中“During the festival, various community groups, businesses, schools and associations celebrate it in different ways. (在节日期间，不同的社区团体、企业、学校和协会以不同的方式庆祝它。)”以及第二段中“Diwali is not a nationwide public holiday in Canada but it is a prevalent festival celebrated in many towns and cities. (排灯节不是加拿大全国性的公共节日，但却是许多城镇prevalent庆祝的节日。)”可以推知，各行各业的人都喜欢庆祝排灯节。故选D项。
45．词句猜测题。根据第二段中划线词句前一句“Various lights, candles and sparklers are lit inside and outside homes, particularly in courtyards, on Diwali.( 在排灯节上，各种各样的灯、蜡烛和火花在室内外被点燃，特别是在庭院里。)”可知，排灯节时，到处都是灯火，再根据划线词句“Diwali is not a nationwide public holiday in Canada but it is a prevalent festival celebrated in many towns and cities. (排灯节不是加拿大全国性的公共节日，但却是许多城镇prevalent庆祝的节日。)”转折的语义可知，Diwali(排灯节)虽然不是公共节日，但是许多城镇，家家户户，室内室外到处都在欢喜地庆祝节日，划线词汇prevalent应是“具有公众性的；普遍性的”的意思，选项A“普遍的；受欢迎的”与之意义最为接近，故选A项。
46．细节理解题。根据第三段中“At the same time, every household did careful and complete cleaning at home in advance. It is believed that the goddess of happiness and good fortune, Lakshmi travels around the Earth on this day and enters the house that is pure, clean, and bright.(与此同时，家家户户都提前在家里做了细致彻底的大扫除。人们相信，幸福和好运女神Lakshmi在这一天环游地球，进入纯净、干净和明亮的房子。)”可知，人们在排灯节把房子打扫得又亮又干净是期待快乐和好运。故选B项。
47．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“As the word ‘Deepavali’ means ‘a row or cluster of light’, the festival symbolizes the victory of righteousness and the lifting of spiritual darkness. (因为‘Deepavali’这个词的意思是‘一排或一簇光’，这个节日象征着正义的胜利和精神黑暗的解除。)”可知，排灯节现在的意义是保持正直和积极的态度和精神。故选B项。
48．推理判断题。通读全文，根据第一段中“Diwali（Deepavali）is a festival of lights observed in October or November each year in Canada. (排灯节是加拿大每年10月或11月的灯节。)”等可知，本文写作目的是简要介绍了加拿大的一个传统节日——排灯节。故选C项。

Passage 14（2022秋·北京·高一校考期中）
Part-time jobs for 15 and 16 years olds
Waiter / Waitress
A job as a waiter or waitress is a good choice for 16-year-olds. Not only can one earn $9-$12 an hour, but they can also get the tips (小费). Most people that visit a restaurant don’t just have good food. They come here to relax and have a good time. Besides serving food quickly, a young waiter who talks to them politely with a smile on his face will make the diners enjoy their time at the restaurant.

Work in a library
If one is fond of books, working in a library is another suitable choice. Besides the pay is good, it offers a lot of free time when students can actually sit down and finish their homework. So on returning home, they would have time to hang around with friends or just relax. So working in a library is an excellent part-time job for teens, especially for school students.

Internet jobs
There are many ways of making money through online jobs like clicking on advertisements, visiting sites and signing up with them. However, such online jobs don’t pay well. A better Internet job for teens is to complete online surveys. These are quite simple surveys that usually ask one about his/ her opinions and ideas. Many companies use these ideas to make products designed for teenagers.

49．A student who is busy with his research paper will probably choose to work ______.
A．in a restaurant B．in a library
C．on the Internet D．in an IT company
50．The writer wrote this text to ______.
A．tell us the importance of doing part-time jobs
B．advise teenagers how to choose a part-time job
C．teach young people how to make lots of money
D．introduce his/her experience of doing part-time jobs
51．Why do some companies ask the teens to do surveys?
A．The teens have more free time.
B．They can pay less to the teens.
C．They need advice to make products for teens.
D．The teens usually express their true opinions.

【答案】49．B 50．B 51．C
【分析】本文是说明文。这篇文章是为了给年轻人一些怎么做兼职工作的建议，包括服务员，图书馆的工作，和网络的工作。介绍了适合这些工作的人和如何做好这些工作。
49．细节理解题。根据文章Work in a library部分中的If one is fond of books, working in a library is another suitable choice. Besides the pay is good, it offers a lot of free time when students can actually sit down and finish their homework.（如果一个人喜欢读书，在图书馆工作是另一个合适的选择。除了工资高，它还提供了很多自由时间，学生们可以坐下来完成作业）可知，忙于论文的学生可能会选择在图书馆上班。故选B。
50．推理判断题。根据文章的内容和标题Part-time jobs for 15 and 16 years olds（15岁和16岁的兼职工作）可知，作者写这篇文章是为了给年轻人一些怎么做兼职工作的建议。故选B。
51．细节理解题。根据文章Internet jobs部分中的A better Internet job for teens is to complete online surveys. These are quite simple surveys that usually ask one about his/ her opinions and ideas. Many companies use these ideas to make products designed for teenagers.（对青少年来说，更好的网络工作是完成在线调查。这些是非常简单的调查，通常询问一个人的意见和想法。许多公司利用这些想法来为青少年设计产品）可知，公司让年轻人做调查是他们需要给年轻人做产品的建议。故选C 。

Passage 15（2023春·江西宜春·高一校考期中）
Herman Melvile, the writer of the famous whale story Moby Dick, once wrote that humpback whales were “the most lighthearted of all the whales.” Known to be intelligent animals and can be seen working together to hunt schools of small fish, humpbacks are a favorite of whale watchers everywhere. And, if you listen closely, you might even hear one singing.
Marine （海洋） biologist Jim Darling has studied the songs of humpback whales for more than 25 years. While recording whale songs on a boat near Hawaii, he invited author Douglas Chadwick to experience diving with a humpback. In the water, Chadwick heard the whale’s songs in a way he never heard them before. “Suddenly, I no longer heard the whale’s voice in my ears,” he said. “I felt it inside my head and bones.”When swimming with the whale, Chadwick could see that the whale was aware of him, but not alarmed by his presence. Up in the boat, Darling recorded the whale’s song, which can be long and complex, sometimes lasting for 30 minutes or more. Actually, they are perhaps the longest songs sung by any animal.
Darling says that only male humpbacks sing, but for unknown reasons, it was previously thought that they sang to attract females, but scientists showed this was incorrect when they played recordings of whale songs in the ocean and the female whales did not respond. Another idea is that male humpbacks compete with each other using songs, just as other male animals on land do using their horns or sharp teeth.
Researchers have also found that humpback whale songs are different in different parts of the world, perhaps like whale national songs. They may also be like hit tunes on the radio, changing over time—from one year to the next, or even over a single breeding season when they produce young.
Another member of the research team, photographer Flip Nicklin, recalls a special moment he had while interacting with a humpback. While he was snorkeling(潜水) some distance from the huge animal, it approached him until it was just a few metres away. It then gently carried Nicklin towards its eye with a flipper(鳍肢), as if examine him. Obviously, the urge to understand a different species goes both ways.
52．What is this passage mainly about?
A．How to record the humpbacks in the ocean.
B．How humpbacks communicate with people.
C．Humpback songs and what they might mean.
D．the career of a man who is interested in humpbacks.
53．When the scientists played songs in the ocean, ________.
A．the songs attracted fish B．no female whales came
C．male whales became angry D．male and female whales came together
54．What is NOT true about humpback whales?
A．Their songs are short and simple. B．Only male humpback whales sing.
C．Humpback whales are very friendly. D．They are popular with whale watchers.
55．What do Chadwick and Nicklin have in common?
A．They were afraid of whales. B．They swam with the whales.
C．Their jobs are to take photos of the whales. D．They are marine biologists studying whales.

【答案】52．C 53．B 54．A 55．B
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。讲述了座头鲸的歌声以及其歌声的意义。
52．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，讲述了座头鲸的歌声及其歌声的意义。故选C。
53．细节理解题。由文章的第3段but scientists showed this was incorrect when they played recordings of whale songs in the ocean and the female whales did not respond.可知，当科学家们在海洋中播放鲸鱼叫声的录音时，发现这种说法是错误的，因为雌性鲸鱼没有反应。故选B。
54．细节理解题。由第2段中Darling recorded the whale’s song, which can be long and complex, sometimes lasting for 30 minutes or more. Actually, they are perhaps the longest songs sung by any animal.（达林录制了鲸鱼的歌声，这首歌可以很长很复杂，有时会持续30分钟甚至更长时间。事实上，它们可能是所有动物唱的最长的歌。）可知，座头鲸的歌声长且复杂。A错误，故选A。
55．细节理解题。由第2段中When swimming with the whale, Chadwick could see that the whale was aware of him,和最后一段第1句Another member of the research team, photographer Flip Nicklin, recalls a special moment he had while interacting with a humpback.可知，他们的共同点是“他们和鲸鱼一起游泳。”故选B项。

Passage 16（2022春·上海静安·高一校考期中）
Much discussed and rarely achieved in full, work-life balance is an elusive prize in modern professional culture. While it can depend greatly on the priorities and values of an individual and their manager, some jobs provide strong opportunities for those looking to combine a fulfilling career with a thriving personal life.
“Work-life balance is not a situation anymore where you’re at work and then you’re at home, it’s more this balancing between the two,” said Lauren Griffin, senior vice president of Adecco Staffing U.S.
Topping the list of jobs that provide strong work-life balance is data scientist. According to IBM, “A data scientist represents an evolution from the business or data analyst role.” IBM notes that while the formal training in computer science and applications, modeling, statistics, analytics and math for these jobs is similar, “What sets the data scientist apart is strong business acumen, coupled with the ability to communicate findings to both business and IT leaders in a way that can influence how an organization approaches a business challenge.”
Stan Ahalt, director of the Renaissance Computing Institute at UNC Chapel Hill, said that the strong demand for data scientists, coupled with the anemic supply of these professionals currently available in talent pipelines, is likely creating a situation where companies will go above and beyond to attract the right talent.
“The demand for people who are able to analyze massive amounts of data and extract actionable decisions has really blossomed,” said Ahalt. “The people who are being hired are being highly sought-after, so I suspect they’re getting relatively good offers, and offers that include flexibility in their hours and locations simply because there are many more jobs than there are people.”
The list is also diverse and representative of a broad spectrum of occupations, with part-time and seasonal jobs like lifeguard and substitute teacher holding spots, as well as corporate jobs and skilled trades.
And for job-seekers or those planning a career change who want to prioritize work-life balance in their next role, Griffin said the most important step is identifying your greatest personal commitment so you can target a job that’s accommodating by nature, or an employer that will work with you to reach a solution.
“You need to define what’s non-negotiable for you,” said Griffin. “What’s that specific thing that you know you need some balance for, is it dropping your kids off, or taking your mother to a doctor’s appointment twice a month? What are those key points for you? Because then you can have a more open conversation with your employer.”
56．A job of work-life balance is suitable for those ____.
A．who gain a prize in professional culture
B．whose managers care about their priorities and values
C．who expect satisfaction from both career and personal life
D．who prefer to work anytime and anywhere at their wills
57．"These jobs" in the third paragraph indicate jobs ____.
A．in the list which provide strong life-work balance
B．of the data scientists, the business analyst and the data analyst
C．that require strong business sense and communication skills
D．that influence new business challenge of an organization
58．Data scientists are people who ____.
A．are professionals likely to create a new situation in talent pipelines
B．can analyze massive amounts of data and extra actionable decisions
C．have relatively good offers including flexibility in their hours and locations
D．are more demanded than part-time lifeguards and substitute teachers
59．For job-seekers who want to highlight work life balance, they ____.
A．must be very committed to the targeted job personally
B．have to support employers decisions without negotiation
C．should first decide what the balance is needed for
D．should drop kids off on time and take care of mothers

【答案】56．C 57．B 58．B 59．C
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些希望将充实的职业生涯和欣欣向荣的个人生活结合起来的人工作。
56．推断判断题。根据第一段中While it can depend greatly on the priorities and values of an individual and their manager, some jobs provide strong opportunities for those looking to combine a fulfilling career with a thriving personal life.可知，虽然它在很大程度上取决于个人和他们的经理的优先级和价值观，但有些工作为那些希望将充实的职业生涯和欣欣向荣的个人生活结合起来的人提供了强大的机会。由此可知，工作与生活平衡的工作适合那些希望从事业和个人生活中得到满足的人。故选C项。
57．词义猜测题。根据第三段中提到 According to IBM, “A data scientist represents an evolution from the business or data analyst role.” IBM notes that while the formal training in computer science and applications, modeling, statistics, analytics and math for these jobs is similar, 可知，根据IBM的说法，“数据科学家代表了业务或数据分析师角色的演进。”IBM指出，虽然这些工作在计算机科学和应用、建模、统计、分析和数学方面的正规培训是类似的。由此可知，these jobs(这些工作)就是指：数据科学家，业务分析师和数据分析师。故选B项。
58．细节理解题。根据第五段中“The demand for people who are able to analyze massive amounts of data and extract actionable decisions has really blossomed,” said Ahalt.可知，阿豪特说：“对那些能够分析大量数据并做出可操作决策的人的需求真的增长了。”由此可知，数据科学家（data scientist）是能够分析大量数据和额外可操作决策的人。故选B项。
59．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的What’s that specific thing that you know you need some balance for, is it dropping your kids off, or taking your mother to a doctor’s appointment twice a month? What are those key points for you?可知，你知道你需要平衡的具体事情是什么，是送孩子回家，还是一个月带你妈妈去看两次医生？这些关键点是什么？由此可知，对于那些想要强调工作和生活的平衡的求职者来说，他们首先应该决定平衡是为了什么。故选C项。

Passage 17 （2022秋·江西南昌·高一校考期中）
In the ongoing battle between Tiger Moms, French Mamas, and everyone else who wants to know what is the best way to raise their kids, a new study adds evidence that the extreme Tiger-style may do more harm than good. Authoritarian parents are more likely to end up with disrespectful children with violent behaviors, the study found, compared to parents who listen to their kids with the goal of gaining trust.
It was the first study to look at how parenting styles affect the way teens view their parents and, in turn, how they behave. The study considered three general styles of parenting. Authoritative parents are demanding and controlling while also being warm and sensitive to their children’s needs. Authoritarian parents, on the contrary, are demanding and controlling without the appearance of caring, attachment and receptiveness. They take a “my way or the highway” approach to their kids. Permissive parents, the third group, have warm and receptive qualities, but they set few boundaries and carry out few rules.
Using data on early 600 kids from an ongoing study of middle school and high school students in New Hampshire, researchers from the University of New Hampshire were able to find “my way or the highway” parenting with more violent behaviors like robbery, drug-taking, and attacking someone else with the intention of hurting or killing. Firm but loving parenting, on the other hand, led to fewer lawbreakers. Permissive parenting, surprisingly, didn’t seem to make much of a difference either.
To explain the link between parenting style and behavior in kids, the researchers suggested that what matters most is how reasonable kids think their parents’ power is. This sense comes when kids trust that their parents are making the best decisions for them and believe that they need to do what their parents say even if they don’t always like how their parents are treating them. When kids respect the power of their parents, the researchers reported in the journal of Adolescence, their behavior is better. Previous research has also linked firm but caring parenting with kids who have more self-control and independence.
“When children consider their parents to be the reliable figure, they trust the parents and feel that they have a duty to do what their parents tell them to do,” said lead researcher Pick Trinkner. “This is very important as the parent doesn’t have to rely on a system of rewards and punishments to control behavior and the child is more likely to follow the rules when the parent is not physically present.”
60．Tiger Moms and French Mamas are mentioned in the first paragraph to ________.
A．give an example of authoritarian parenting
B．show the advantage of parenting
C．compare two types of parenting
D．introduce the topic
61．According to the research, what kind of parenting style is likely to cause children’s criminal behaviors?
A．Caring parenting. B．Permissive parenting.
C．Authoritarian parenting. D．Authoritative parenting.
62．Which of the following probably belongs to the action of the permissive parents?
A．Allowing the kids to stay up late at weekends as the kids like.
B．Beating the kids if the kids don’t follow their instructions.
C．Refusing to listen to the kid’s requests and demands.
D．Setting some rules and checking the kids’ behaviors.
63．According to the passage, children are more likely to obey the rules when ________.
A．their parents listen to them totally
B．they believe in and accept their parents
C．their parents are sensitive to their needs
D．their parents demand and control their behaviors

【答案】60．D 61．C 62．A 63．B
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章论述专制父母和宽容父母在教育孩子上的利与弊。
60．推理判断题。根据第一段中In the ongoing battle between Tiger Moms, French Mamas, and everyone else who wants to know what is the best way to raise their kids, a new study adds evidence that the extreme Tiger-style may do more harm than good.“在“虎妈”、“法国妈妈”和其他想知道什么是最好的养育孩子的方式之间持续不断的斗争中，一项新的研究进一步证明，极端的“虎妈”式教育可能弊大于利。”可知，第一段提到了虎妈和法国妈妈是为了引入本文话题。故选D项。
61．细节理解题。根据第二段中Authoritarian parents, on the contrary, are demanding and controlling without the appearance of caring, attachment and receptiveness. They take a “my way or the highway” approach to their kids.（而专制的父母则相反，他们要求和控制孩子，而不表现出关心、依恋和接受能力。他们对孩子采取“我说了算”的方式。）再根据第三段researchers from the University of New Hampshire were able to find “my way or the highway” parenting with more violent behaviors like robbery, drug-taking, and attacking someone else with the intention of hurting or killing.可知，根据研究，专制型的的父母教养方式会导致孩子的犯罪行为。故选C项。
62．推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句Permissive parents, the third group, have warm and receptive qualities, but they set few boundaries and carry out few rules.（第三类是宽容的父母，他们热情随和，但他们很少设限，也很少执行规则。）可知，“允许孩子们在周末晚睡”可能属于宽容父母的行为。故选A项。
63．推理判断题。根据第四段中This sense comes when kids trust that their parents are making the best decisions for them and believe that they need to do what their parents say even if they don’t always like how their parents are treating them. When kids respect the power of their parents, the researchers reported in the journal of Adolescence, their behavior is better.（当孩子们相信他们的父母正在为他们做最好的决定，相信他们需要做父母所说的，即使他们并不总是喜欢父母对待他们的方式，这种感觉就会产生。研究人员在《青少年期刊》上报告称，当孩子们尊重父母的权力时，他们的行为会更好。）可知，根据文章，当他们相信和接受他们的父母时，孩子们更有可能遵守规则。故选B项。
【点睛】推理判断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定的推理判断，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中的某一句话，也可能是某几句话，所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写或综合。推理判断题的题干中通常含infer,suggest,imply,conclude  indicate等标志性词语。 这种题型主要包括细节判断题、态度观点推断题、写作意图推断题、文章出处判断题和猜测想象推断题。本题第3小题，根据第二段最后一句Permissive parents, the third group, have warm and receptive qualities, but they set few boundaries and carry out few rules.“第三类是宽容的父母，他们热情随和，但他们很少设限，也很少执行规则。”由此可知，“允许孩子们在周末晚睡”可能属于宽容父母的行为。故选A项。

Passage 18 （2023春·江苏淮安·高一统考期中）
The man who invented the World Wide Web a few decades ago is calling for major changes to make it better for humans. In an open letter published on Tuesday, Berners-Lee said that the web was used by half the world's population.
Berners-Lee said the web had clearly created great opportunities for humans to progress and made life easier for millions of people. Actually, it also has offered opportunities to groups who traditionally cannot hear a new voice in society. However, he added that the web had also provided new ways for cheats to carry out crimes (犯罪).
“Against the backdrop of news stories about how the web is misused, it's understand able that many people feel afraid and unsure if the web is really a force for good,” he wrote.
Berners-Lee created a group called the World Wide Web Foundation. He is looking for help from governments, companies and people to become more involved in shaping the web to do more good for humans. His actual plan is called the “Contract(合同)for the Web”.
Under this contract, governments are called on to take steps to make sure all people can connect to the Internet and that personal privacy is respected. Businesses are asked to keep the Internet prices low so more people can use the web. In addition, companies should respect privacy and develop technologies that aim to put people first.
The plan also calls on people to create materials for the web and work with others to make sure that there is rich, quality information for everyone. Besides, people should seek to “ build strong communities that respect personal speech and human equality.” “The path to make the Internet better is the responsibility of everyone who uses it,” Berners-Lee added, “making big changes will not be easy, but will be very well worth it in the end.”
64．What does Berners-Lee think of the World Wide Web?
A．It does more harm than good.
B．It stops the progress of humans.
C．It is his greatest regret.
D．It needs improving.
65．What's wrong with the web according to Berners-Lee?
A．It is misunderstood by all people.
B．It is misused for bad purposes.
C．It blocks out a new voice in society.
D．It is expensive for half the world's population.
66．What are governments called on to do under the “Contract for the Web”?
A．Put technology first.
B．Create materials for the web.
C．Popularize the Internet.
D．Make the Internet free of charge.
67．What should people do with the Internet in Berners-Lee's opinion?
A．Be responsible for it. B．Absolutely reject it.
C．Completely rely on it. D．Be unconcerned about it.

【答案】64．D 65．B 66．C 67．A
【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要介绍了在互联网发明30年之际，互联网创始人Berners-Lee呼吁大家对互联网进行改革，使其真正造福人类。
64．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The man who invented the World Wide Web a few decades ago is calling for major changes to make it better for humans.(几十年前发明了万维网的人呼吁进行重大变革，让万维网更好地造福人类)”可知，伯纳斯-李认为万维网需要进行改进提升。故选D。
65．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“However, he added that the web had also provided new ways for cheats to commit crimes (犯罪).(不过，他补充称，网络也为骗子提供了新的途径犯罪)”可知，伯纳斯-李认为万维网被用于不好的目的。故选B。
66．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Under this contract, governments are called on to take steps to make sure all people can connect to the Internet and that personal privacy is respected. (根据这项协议，各国政府应采取措施，确保所有人都能使用互联网，个人隐私得到尊重)”可知，这项协议呼吁政府普及互联网，让个人隐私得到尊重。故选C。