英语语法-名词(讲义)人教PEP版英语六年级下册
展开名词
一. 基础概念
(1)专有名词:特定的人、地方、机构等专有的名称。第一个字母通常要大写。
e.g. Jim Green, New York, Bank of China,Peking University
星期、月份、节日、学科、报刊名也是专有名词。
e.g. Monday,May,Christmas,Spring Festival,Maths,China Daily
(2)普通名词:表示一类人或物或抽象概念的名称。普通名词又可以分为四类:
个体名词—— 表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:student , desk
集体名词—— 表示若干个体组成的集合体,如:class , family
物质名词—— 表示无法分为个体的物质名称,如:water , rice , sand,hair
抽象名词—— 表示情感,状态,品质等抽象名称,如:love ,carelessness
个体名词和集体名词多数可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词,有单、复数形式;
物质名词和抽象名词通常无法用数目计算,称为不可数名词,一般只有一种形式。
注 意:
①集体名词被看作一个整体时,表达单数概念。
e.g. His family was well known in the town. 他家在镇里是名门望族。
②集体名词被看作若干个体的集合时,表达复数概念。
e.g. His family are waiting for him. 她的家人正在等他。
③集体名词表达多个集体时,也有复数形式。
e.g. Our village is made up of 300 families. 我们村有300户人家。
二. 可数名词复数形式
① 一般名词在末尾直接加s,清辅音后读/ s /,浊辅音和元音后读/ z /
e.g. book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
② 以s、x、sh、ch结尾,加es,读/ IZ /
e.g. bus-buses, box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches
③ 以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i,再加es, 读/ z /
e.g. baby-babies, library-libraries,factory-factories
④ 以f或fe结尾,变f或fe为v,再加es,读/ vz /
e.g. thief-thieves,knife-knives
⑤ 以o结尾,表示无生命的物体时加s, 表示有生命的物体时,加es,都读/ z /
e.g. photo-photos, piano-pianos, radio-radios, zoo-zoos
potato-potatoes,tomato-tomatoes,mango-mangoes,hero-heroes
⑥ 不规则变化
e.g. man-men child-children foot-feet fish-fish woman-women
mouse-mice tooth-teeth sheep-sheep policeman-policemen
ox-oxen goose-geese deer-deer
▲ fish表示鱼的数量时,单复数同形;表示鱼的种类时,复数为fishes.
e.g. My cat had two fish for lunch.
You can see a lot of different fishes in the lake.
二. 不可数名词
不可数名词一般只有原形,没有复数形式,但是可以借助量词表示一定的数量。如果表达两个或两个以上的概念时,量词需要用复数形式,不可数名词不变。
e.g. a bottle of water ,a cup of coffee,two glasses of milk ,five bags of rice
▲ 这种形式用于可数名词时,量词和可数名词都要用复数。
e.g. ten baskets of eggs
三. 既可用作可数,又可用作不可数的名词
不可数
glass 玻璃 paper 纸 iron 铁 wood 木头 beauty 美 room 空间
可数
a glass 一只玻璃杯 a paper 一份报纸、论文、文件 a iron 一个熨斗
a wood 一片森林 a beauty 一个美人 a room 一个房间
四. 名词所有格
① 在英语中,有些名词可以加’s来表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格。大多数表示有生命的东西。
e.g. Tom’s book
② 如果复数名词末尾已有s,就直接加 ’ 。
e.g. the teachers’ office
③ 如果一些物品为两者共有,只需在后一个名词后加’s ;
如果为各自所有,则需在每个名词后加’s。
e.g. Lucy and Lily’s bedroom.(Lucy 和 Lily共用一个卧室)
Lucy’s and Lily’s bedrooms.(Lucy 和 Lily分别拥有各自的卧室)
④ 表示无生命的物体的名词所有格,一般与of短语连用。
e.g. a map of the world ,a photo of my family
⑤ 双重所有格:把of所有格和’s所有格结合在一起表示所有关系。
e.g. a friend of my father’s
英语可数名词的复数变化规则:
1、一般情况下加S
例如:book——books ruler——rulers hen——hens
2、以s、x、ch、sh 结尾,加es
例如:bus——buses box——boxes watch——watches dish——dishes
3、以元音字母+y结尾,加s (元音字母: a o e i u)
例如:monkey——monkeys holiday——holidays toy——toys
4、以辅音字母+y结尾,去掉y,加ies
例如:story——stories baby——babies
小学英语语法:名词如何变复数形式
以f、fe结尾,直接加s
顺口溜:海湾农奴信酋长,悬崖证据在房顶。
gulf——gulfs海湾 serf——serfs农奴、奴隶 belief——beliefs 信
chief——chiefs 酋长 cliff——cliffs悬崖 proof——proofs证据
roof——roofs 房顶
以f、fe结尾,加es
顺口溜:妻子持刀去宰狼,
小偷吓得发了慌,
躲在架后保己命,
半片树叶遮目光。
wife——wives 妻子 knife——knives小刀 wolf——wolves 狼
thief——thieves小偷 shelf——shelves架子 self——selves自己
life——lives 生命 half——halves 一半 leaf——leaves 树叶
注:关于self的复合词,也是去掉f加ves
例如:myself——ourselves yourself——yourselves
himself(herself)——themselves
以f、fe结尾,既可以直接加s,又可以去掉f、fe加ves
顺口溜:码头侏儒围围巾,手绢复数变二心。
例如:Wharf 码头 Dwarf 侏儒 Scarf围巾 Handkerchief 手绢
6、以O结尾的一般有两种情况,但是也有特殊情况。
n一般无生命的加s
例如:
auto——autos汽车 kilo——kilos 千克 photo——photos相片
memo——memos备忘录 piano——pianos钢琴
n有生命的加es
顺口溜:黑人英雄吃着西红柿、马铃薯,打蚊子。
negro——negroes黑人 hero——heroes 英雄 potato——potatoes马铃薯
tomato——tomatoes西红柿 mosquito——mosquitoes蚊子
n有特殊情况:
l有生命的却加s
例如:kangaroo——kangaroos 袋鼠 hippo——hippos河马
l无生命却加es
veto——vetoes否决权 torpedo——torpedoes鱼雷 volcano——volcanoes 火山
tornado——tornadoes暴风、龙卷风
7、不规则变法特列:
child——children孩子 ox——oxen公牛 mouse——mice老鼠
foot——feet脚 tooth——teeth牙齿 goose——geese鹅 man——men男人
woman——women女人 policeman——policemen警察
8、单复数同形
例如:people人(peoples 表示多个名族) Chinese中国人 Japanese日本人
deer鹿 sheep绵羊 means财产 series系列 species物种、种类
9、复合名词变复数:
例如:daughter-in-law儿媳——daughters-in-law
grown-up成人——grown-ups man doctor男医生——men doctors
10、不可数名词量的表示方法:
不可数名词一般没有复数形式,其复数一般体现在量词上。
计量方法:
数词或a an 或many some等+计量名称+of+不可数名词
例如:two glasses of milk three bottles of water
two pieces of bread some pieces of paper (纸是不可数名词)
一、写出下列名词的复数形式
1、orange __________ 2、class_________ 3、text __________
4、monkey________ 5、piano __________ 6、child__________
7、shelf_________ 8、bed__________ 9、country __________
10、family __________ 11、toy_____________ 12、foot ___________
13、Japanese___________ 14、radio____________ 15、photo ________
16、army_______ 17、tomato___________ 18、fox _____________
19、woman__________ 20、knife________ 22、sheep_________ 二、选择填
1、There_________ on the wall .They are very beautiful.
A. are photoes B. are photos C. is a photo D. is photos
2. This kind of car__ made in Shanghai.
A. is B .are C .were D .has
3. There are four_________and two______ in the group.
A. Japanese, Germen B Japaneses, Germen
C. Japanese,German C.Japanese, Germans
4. That’a ______art book.
A. an B. a C. the D are
5. The boys have got________ already.
A. two bread B. two breads
C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread
6. The old man wants_______ .
A. six boxes of apples B. six boxes of apple
C. six box of apples D. six boxs of apples
7. There_________some_______ in the river.
A. is ,fish B. are, fishs C. is, fishs D. are ,fish
8. There_____two______ in the box.
A. is watch B. are watches C. are watch D. is watches
9. We should clean___ twice a day.
A .our tooth B. our tooths C.teeth D.our teeth
10.The _____ meeting room is near the reading room.
A.teacher B.teacher’s C.teachers’ D.teachers
11. In Britain _____ are all painted red.
A.letter boxes B.letters boxes C.letter box D.letters box
(1)选择填空
1. They come from different ______
A. country B. countries C. a country D. countrys
2. How many ______ do you see in the picture?
A. tomatos B. tomatoes C. tomato D. the tomato
3. They are______.
A . woman teachers B. women teachers
C. women teacher D. woman teacher
4. Would you like _______ ,please?
A. two glass of water B. two glasses of water
C. two glass of waters D. two glasses of waters
5. Most of ______ live in _______.
A. Germans, German B. German, Germen
C. Germen, Germany D. Germans, Germany
6. There are some ______ in these _______.
A.knifes…pencil-boxes B.knives…pencils-box
C.knives…pencil-box D.knives…pencils-boxes
7. ______ like ______ by air.
A. Greens, travelling B. The Green, traveling
C. The Greens, travel D. The Greens, traveling
8. I wonder why ______ are interested in action films(武打片).
A. the people B. people C. peoples D. the peoples
9. There is no ______ in the plate.
A. apples B. oranges C. rice D. eggs
2).填入所给名词的正确形式
1. I have two___________(knife)
2. There are many____________here. (box)
3. There are many____________ on the road. (bus)
4. A few ____________ are drawing on the wall. (boy)
5. The____________ are playing football now. (child)
1)写出下列名词的复数形式。
1.bag _______ 2.orange _______ 3.family _______
4.wish _______ 5.shelf _______ 6.knife _______
7.key _______ 8.baby _______ 9.tooth _______
10.foot _______ 11.woman _______ 12.sheep _______
13.Japanese _______ 14.potato _______ 15.radio _______
16.child _______ 17.fish _______ 18.photo _______
19.Frenchman _______ 20.man doctor _______ 21.watch _______
22. bus _______ 23. sheep _______ 24. foot _______
2)选择填空
1. They come from different ______
A. country B. countries C. a country D. countrys
2. How many ______ do you see in the picture?
A. tomatos B. tomatoes C. tomato D. the tomato
3. They are______.
A . woman teachers B. women teachers
C. women teacher D. woman teacher
4. Would you like _______ ,please?
A. two glass of water B. two glasses of water
C. two glass of waters D. two glasses of waters
5. Most of ______ live in _______.
A. Germans, German B. German, Germen
C. Germen, Germany D. Germans, Germany
6. There are some ______ in these _______.
A.knifes…pencil-boxes B.knives…pencils-box
C.knives…pencil-box D.knives…pencils-boxes
7. ______ like ______ by air.
A. Greens, travelling B. The Green, traveling
C. The Greens, travel D. The Greens, traveling
8. I wonder why ______ are interested in action films(武打片).
A. the people B. people C. peoples D. the peoples
9. There is no ______ in the plate.
A. apples B. oranges C. rice D. eggs
10. _______ are good for our health.
A. Tomatos B. Tomatoes C. Tomato
11. I like to eat cake with ______.
A. cherries B. cherry C.cherrys
12. ______ and ______ are not friends.
A. Foxs…wolfs B. Foxes…wolfs C. Foxes…wolves
13. These are the ______ of our national ______.
A. photos … heroes B. photoes … heroes C. photos … heros
14. The ______ are running on the ______.
A. deer … grasses B. deers … grass C. deer … grass
15. I was so hungry and I ate two ______.
A. bowls of noodle B. bowls of noodles C. bowl of noodles
3)请用括号中名词的复数形式填空
1 Look at those _______. (child)
2 I can see a __________ standing near the door. (policeman)
3 Do you want some ________ for dinner? (potato)
4 In autumn, you can see a lot of _______ on the ground.(leaf)
5 He has two _______.One is blue , the other is yellow.( box)
6 Two ________ live in this building .( family )
4)选择正确的词形
1 How many (radioes, radios) can you see?
2 There are 36 (boys, boies) in my class.
3 Look at those (sheeps, sheep).
4 I don’t want (a, an) old cup.
5 Give me that (box, boxes), please.
5)将以下单复数句进行转换
1 This is a knife. ______________________________________
2 That is a tomato. ______________________________________
3 That child is very good._____________________________________
4 These are mice. ______________________________________
5 Those are children. ______________________________________
1、I want three__________white paper.
A、pieces B、piece of C、pieces of
2、Do you want to drink much ________ ?
A、a milk B、milk C、milks
3、This is__________room. It’s very big.
A、Lily and Lucy’s B、Lily’s and Lucy’s C、Lily’s and Lucy
4、We visited__________house yesterday.
A、Tom B、Toms C、Tom’s
5、Do you want some __________ for supper?
A、a potato B、potatoes C、potatos
6、In autumn,you can see a lot of __________on the ground.
A、leaf B、leafs C、leaves
7、My sister has two_________ . One is old,the other is new.
A、a watch B、watchs C、watches
8、Best wishes to you for_________Day!
A、Teacher’s B、Teachers’ C、Teacher
9、Many children like to go to the _________Palace on Sunday.
A、Children B、Children’s C、Childrens’
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