初中英语考试易错知识点辨析：非谓语动词

不定式和动名词作主语的区别(1) 动名词作主语往往表示普通的、一般的行为,不定式作主语常表示某次具体的行为。不定式(或不定式短语)作主语时常用“it” 来代替,称为形式主语,真正主语(不定式)放在句尾。如:Collecting information about children's health is his job.收集有关儿童健康的信息是他的工作。It's necessary to discuss the problem with an experienced teacher.与一位有经验的老师讨论这个问题是有必要的。(2) 常用不定式作主语的句型有:① It's difficult (important,necessary)for sb. to do...② It's kind (good,friendly,polite,careless,rude,cruel,clever,foolish,brave)of sb. to do...(3) 常用动名词作主语的句型有:① It's no good (use,fun)doing...② It is a waste of time doing... 不定式和动名词作宾语的区别stopto do停下来去做做另一件事doing停止做停止正做的事 forgetto do忘记要去做某事未做doing忘记做过某事已做过 rememberto do记住去做还未做doing记得做过已做 regretto do对要做的事遗憾未做doing对做过的事遗憾已做 tryto do努力去做未做doing试着做  meanto do打算/想做 doing意味着  go onto do继续去做做另外一件事情doing接着做原先没做完的事 They stopped to smoke a cigarette.他们停下来,抽了根烟。I must stop smoking.我必须戒烟了。Don't forget to come tomorrow.别忘了明天来。He forgot turning the light off.他忘记他已经关了灯了。Remember to go to the post office after school.记着放学后去趟邮局。Don't you remember seeing the man before?你不记得以前见过那个人吗?I regret to tell you that you can't pass the examination.我很遗憾地通知你你不能通过这次考试。I regret disturbing you so long.我很抱歉打扰了你那么久。Please try to finish this work in thirty minutes.请尽量在30分钟完成这项工作。Why didn't you try riding a bike to go to school?为什么不试着骑车去学校呢?I meant to give you this book today,but I forgot.我本来打算今天给你这本书的,可是我忘了。Missing this train means waiting for another hour.错过这辆火车意味着你得再等一小时。动词不定式和现在分词做宾补的区别(1) see,watch,hear,feel,notice,have等动词既可跟不带to的不定式做宾补,也可跟现在分词做宾补。跟不带to的不定式做宾补表事情全过程或一次性动作;跟现在分词表主动或正在进行。如:I heard her sing an English song just now.刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.昨天经过她房间时,我听见她在唱英文歌。现在分词和过去分词的区别(1) 语态上不同:现在分词表示主动的意思,而过去分词多由及物动词变来,表示被动的意思。如:an exciting story一个令人兴奋的故事(主动)the excited listeners激动的听众(被动,即被引起激动的)a moving film一部感动人的影片a moved audience受感动的观众(2) 时间关系上不同:一般说来,现在分词所表示的动作往往正在进行,而过去分词所表示的动作,往往已经完成。如:the changing world正在变化着的世界the changed world已经起了变化的世界developing countries发展中国家developed countries发达国家have sb. do sth.have sb. doinghave sth. done(1) have sb. do sth.“have+sb. (宾语)+do sth. (宾语补足语)”意为“让/叫/使某人做某事”。此结构中的 have是使役动词,sb.作宾语,其后的do sth.是省去to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。如:I'll have someone repair the bike for you.我会让人为你修理自行车的。(2) have sb. /sth. doing“have+sb. /sth. (宾语)+现在分词(宾语补足语)”意为“叫/让/使某人一直做某事或让某种情况一直发生”。宾语 sb. /sth.后面用现在分词作宾语补足语,表示宾语与现在分词表示的动作之间为主动关系,且动作正在进行。如:Don't have the dog barking much.别让狗狂吠不停。(3) have sth. done“have+sth. (宾语)+过去分词(宾语补足语)”意为“让/叫/使/请别人做某事”。宾语sth.后面用过去分词作宾语补足语,说明sth.与过去分词表示的动作之间是被动关系。如:He has had his hair cut.他(请人给他)理发了。6含doing的常见短语have difficulty /trouble/problem/fun//a good time +(in)+doing;feel like doing=would like to do想要做某事;spend time (in)doing sth花费时间做某事;go+doing表示“从事某项活动”;be busy doing 忙着做……;make a contribution to doing 为……作贡献;look forward to doing 期待……;prefer doing to doing 比起做……更喜欢做......;be used to doing 习惯于……