高考英语二轮复习河北高考英语阅读理解专项训练

这是一份高考英语二轮复习河北高考英语阅读理解专项训练，共28页。
阅读理解
You probably like blue, and you’re not alone. Across the globe, a majority of people tend to select blue as their favourite colour. A new study from University of Wisconsin found that not only do we adore blue, but we start to give meaning to colours as we age.
During the study conducted by psychology professor Karen Schloss at the University of Wisconsin in 2019, the researchers investigated the science of how different people perceive colour. They noted that subjects with a preference for a sports team found their favourite team’s colours more favourable. The more they valued their team, the more they favoured the specific colour. “It tells us that our experiences with the world are constantly influencing the way we view colour,” Schloss says.
So, why does blue dominate lists of favourites? From previous surveys the researchers found that blue has been a favourite colour. Even the earliest-recorded colour studies from the 1800s show that blue is universally loved, due at least in part to our fondness for blues in nature. Many colours in nature that we love are blue, especially a blue sky, the sea and many flowers. A blue sky is enough to make many people very happy. It’s possible then, that blue offer plenty of positive experiences, which we unconsciously link to our favourite colour.
But blue isn’t the only attention-grabbing colour. The other finding of the research was that our colour interests change as we gain new experiences. The younger you are, for instance, the more likely you are to enjoy a brighter colour. As you age, you’re more likely to take on darker colours as your favourites; younger women, according to the researchers, tend to enjoy purples and reds, while younger men may lean toward green or yellow-green. The studies showed that dark yellowish-brown was the world’s least liked colour.
Simply put, the things we enjoy most in our lives will drive our colour preferences.
1．What does the underlined word “It” refer to in paragraph 2?
A．The specific sports team. B．A subject’s personality.
C．People’s preference of a colour. D．The feature of colours.
2．What do the early colour studies tell us?
A．Human beings are fully linked to nature.
B．Our preference for blue is longstanding.
C．It’s a coincidence that blue is our favourite.
D．Blue is associated to the sky and the sea.
3．What was the second finding of the research?
A．Our colour preferences may shift over time.
B．We may prefer brighter colours as we age.
C．We tend to stick with just one colour in our lives.
D．Blue is a top choice for favourite colour in the world.
4．What can be concluded from the text?
A．Older people can understand the colours better.
B．More mysteries remain to be seen about colour.
C．Colour preferences change our view of the world.
D．Colour preferences are shaped by our experiences.

Small-scale fisheries supply many people with food. Almost all of those in this trade rely on gillnets (刺网) to trap fish. But gillnets trap other things, for example, endangered animals such as turtles; dangerous ones, such as Humboldt squid; and ones that are both endangered and dangerous, such as several types of sharks. Everyone involved would be better off if this did not happen.
Building on studies done both by himself and by others, to try to avoid the accidental netting of turtles, Jesse Senko, a marine-conservation biologist at Arizona State University, has been investigating the idea of fitting LEDs (发光二极管) to nets to avoid netting other unwanted by-catch without discouraging target animals. And, as he reports in Current Biology, it seems to work.
Dr.Senko and his colleagues set up an experiment in the Gulf of Ulloa, in Mexico, in which they cooperated with local fisher folks to employ over 10,000 meters of nets that had had nets battery-powered waterproof green LEDs fitted onto them every ten meters. In half of the these lights were lit. The other half were left unlit, as controls. Each lit net was paired with an unlit one, and the two were employed alongside one another at prime fishing locations. The fishers’ target fish were large groupers. Dr. Senko was interested both in what else got caught and whether the lights decreased catches of the target species.
On the latter point, to his relief, they did not. On the former, the lit nets caught 95% fewer kilograms of shark-related species. In particular, several threatened species turned up less often in the lit than the unlit nets.
The advantage from the point of view of fisher folks was that they needed to spend a lot less time clearing these dangerous by-catches from their nets. And, crucially, the LEDs concerned are cheap, hard-wearing, and easy to fit. There are also plans to make them solar powered, for easy recharging. Here, then, is a conservation idea from which everyone wins.
5．What is the problem with gillnets?
A．They are costly to maintain. B．They discourage target catches.
C．They need more time to be cleaned. D．They trap unwanted by-catches.
6．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A．The principle of the experiment. B．The effect of the experiment.
C．The purpose of the experiment. D．The process of the experiment.
7．What can be inferred from Dr. Senko’s experiment?
A．The LEDs are easy to recharge. B．Gillnets will soon be out of date.
C．Fitting LEDs to gillnets is a win-win idea. D．Fisher folks benefit the most from the idea.
8．What was the author s attitude to the prospect of the LEDs idea?
A．Reserved. B．Hopeful. C．Ambiguous. D．Doubtful.

Standing in the starlight under the Milky Way, the night sky is one of the most incredible wonders many of us have not seen which is under threat due to the constant march of human progress and consequent light pollution.
Below are some of my favorite dark sky destinations around the world.
■Aoraki Mackenzie Dark Sky Reserve, New Zealand
Aoraki Mackenzie Dark Sky Reserve is one of the best places in the country to view the night sky. Comprised of Aoraki/Mt Cook National Park Visitor Centre and the Mackenzie Basin, the Dark Sky Reserve was certified in 2012 to continue protecting the dark skies in the area.
Stargazing (观星) enthusiasts should plan a visit to Mr.John Observatory, tours to which must be booked in advance.
■The Wild Atlantic Way, Ireland
Most visitors road-trip Ireland s western Wild Atlantic Way to explore beyond hot spots like Dublin and Cork, but the route is also fast becoming a great region for stargazing, thanks to the efforts of local communities along the Way.
If planning a trip, keep in mind that Ireland does have wet months where overcast skies are more likely to affect your stargazing prospects.
■Wadi Rum, Jordan
Wadi Rum is also sometimes called the “Valley of the Moon,” though you’re more likely to compare it to Mars if you visit. Made famous for its otherworldly landscapes in movies like Prometheus, Star Wars, Rogue One and The Martian, Wadi Rum’s towering red rock formations are extremely interesting to explore by day-and offer protection from any distant light pollution once the sun sets.
Stargazing in Wadi Rum is a breathtaking experience, and reminds us how our ancestors experienced the night sky for thousands of years.
9．What might be a disadvantage of stargazing in Ireland?
A．Conservation efforts. B．Heavy tourism.
C．Customer service. D．Local climate.
10．What sets Wadi Rum apart from other dark sky destinations?
A．Unusual landscapes. B．Ancestors³experiences.
C．Its geographical location. D．Its local film studios.
11．What is the purpose of the text?
A．To compare. B．To inform.
C．To warn. D．To announce.

When I was a kid, if someone told me that I would grow up to become a published author and founder of a youth literacy (读写能力)foundation, I would have laughed and kept walking. Even now when I see the title of my latest picture book, My Very Favorite Book in the Whole Wide World, I shake my head, not quite believing that book has my name on it. But the truth is, this story comes from my own personal experience.
It took me a very long time to find my personal reading voice. In Valdosta, Ga., where I grew up, my community promoted two pathways to a better life for little boys like me: being an athlete and being an entertainer. I was no different than the other kids, so I did what felt natural: Play football and overlook school. School presented challenges every day and so did football practice, but overcoming physical adversity (逆境) was on trend with my neighborhood’s culture. Reading books not so much.
Fortunately, I went to college. That’s where my reading struggles really reared their ugly head. Trips to the grocery store were stressful because there was so much reading involved in the simple act of buying food. I would misread labels and grab the wrong items. Once, I picked up apple sauce thinking it was apple slices. I didn’t notice my mistake until I got home and realized that it was my inability to understand the differences in the wording on the labels that caused the mistake. I realized that I needed to make an important decision. If I wanted to be a better version of me, I had to become a stronger reader.
I joined a book club and read every free moment I had. My journey with reading also created a desire in me to inspire others who struggle with reading. So I started a nonprofit, Share the Magic Foundation, trying to transform the lives of children living in underserved communities through literacy.
12．What does the author think of his new book?
A．It’s beyond his expectation. B．It’s helpful for youth literacy.
C．It³s full of humor and wisdom. D．It’s an exact record of his early life.
13．What was the root reason for the author³s failure to find his reading voice?
A．The influence of his community. B．His dream to be an entertainer.
C．The challenges he met in study. D．His preference for football.
14．What does the underlined phrase “reared their ugly head“ in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Changed. B．Concluded. C．Surfaced. D．Disappeared.
15．Which of the following best describes the author?
A．Reflective and warm-hearted. B．Persuasive and absent-minded.
C．Creative and stubborn. D．Ambitious and cautious.

Have you ever suddenly developed an appetite from a passing glance at a freeway billboard featuring a brightly colored cheeseburger, or decided to step into a candy or ice cream store displaying a window full of lively shades and hues (色调)of sweet treats? If so, you are in good company. Unless we are medically restricted or strictly dieting, we are not likely to resist inviting fare simply because we recognize the lack of nutritional value.
Devina Wadhera and Elizabeth D．Capaldi-Phillips in A Review of Visual Cues Associated with Food recognize the impact of sensory cues (信号)on food consumption and enjoyment, and the potential they have to promote healthy eating behavior. They cite previous research in providing some interesting examples of the visual impact of different color schemes (方案)on taste and food enjoyment. They note that pink food on a white plate was considered sweeter and more flavorful than the same food on a black plate. Apparently, we consume with more of our senses than we realize. So given the rainbow of colors around us when faced with so many appealing food choices, is there any way to control our appetite? Thankfully, some research says yes.
Oliver Genschow demonstrated that when it comes to eating less colors impact consumption. They specifically researched the effect of the color red. They found that people ate fewer pretzels when using a red plate, as opposed to white or blue, and drank less from a red cup than a blue cup. They suggest that the color red reduces food and drink intake by functioning as a stop signal.
But when it comes to healthy eating, instead of putting on a pair of sunglasses to block the inviting hues of food cues, consider the value of discipline. Healthy eating involves intentional choices, not mindless responses to sensory cues. And before you invest in many red tableware to slim down, remember that what goes onto those plates is much more important.
16．What may be a major reason for us to refuse eye-catching food?
A．The shortage of nutrition. B．The rich color of fine foods.
C．The doctor’s instructions. D．Advertisements everywhere.
17．What might be dealt with in A Review of Visual Cues Associated with Food?
A．Benefits of different color schemes.
B．Interesting examples of food service.
C．Potentials to promote food consumption.
D．Effects of sensory cues on eating behavior.
18．What does the author suggest people do in the last paragraph?
A．Follow the sensory response. B．Make food choices sensibly.
C．Wear sunglasses to block colors. D．Avoid colorful food intentionally.
19．What is the best title for the text?
A．How People can Control Their Appetite.
B．How People are Tricked by Color Schemes.
C．How Colors Impact Food Appeal and Appetite.
D．How Bright Colors Make Food More Appealing.

For most people, having property stolen feels like a disaster. Robbie Pruitt admits when his mountain bike was stolen last September, he got mad. But soon enough, his emotions took a turn. After letting go of his anger, he found himself on a road to compassion instead.
As a biker, Pruitt’s first priority was to buy one again, but when he went bike shopping, he found the pickings slim. The scarcity in stock got him thinking: What if the person who’d taken his had done so because he truly needed transportation to get to work?
With that thought in mind, Pruitt came up with a plan and posted it to a local Facebook group. Pruitt put out a call for bikes people don’t use, which he would repair again for free and then donate to folks who could truly use them but didn’t have the budget to buy a bike outright.
The day the post went live, Pruitt was excited about a list of 30 used bicycles. The initial influx(涌入) was followed by more than 500 posts from people who either had bikes to donate or that needed fixing soon after. By the end of the month, Pruitt had repaired more than 140 bikes for donation.
In addition to practical skills, Pruitt’s lessons teach teamwork, encourage self-esteem, and foster feelings of community. “Pruitt is certainly providing a service, but it’s not the bikes. It’s the relationships in the community. It’s the impact he made on people. All the neighborhood kids are spending a lot more time doing something that’s hands-on,” Pruitt’s next-door neighbor Danny told The Washington Post.
20．How did he feel after he went to the bikeshop?
A．He was angry at the theft. B．He became eager to a new bike.
C．He would rather find his old bike. D．He became in sympathy with the thief.
21．What does the underlined word “scarcity” in Para. 2 probably mean?
A．Variety. B．Shortage. C．Abundance. D．Security.
22．Why did Pruitt post on Facebook?
A．To find his lost bike. B．To collect unemployed bikes.
C．To raise some money for charity. D．To advertise his bike repair shop.
23．Which of the following best describes Robbie Pruitt?
A．Caring and inspiring. B．Considerate and loyal.
C．Outgoing and brave. D．Responsible and humorous.

Housing ranks high among the numerous challenges that still need to be overcome before humans can colonize(征服) Mars. The brave pioneers that make the six-month voyage to the Red Planet will need a place to live in as soon as they land. While the best solution would be to have the structures ready before they get there, it has so far been a challenge given that most construction robots have never made it out of the laboratory. Now, there may be a bit of hope thanks to Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s newly revealed Digital Construction Platform (DCP).
The DCP comprises a double arm system that is fitted on a tracked vehicle. As the larger arm moves, the smaller, precision motor robotic arm builds the structure by shooting out the necessary construction material, ranging from insulation foam(绝缘泡沫) to concrete. The team of researchers led by Ph. D．Steven Keating say that unlike other 3-D printers that are limited to building objects that fit within their overall enclosure, DCP’s free moving systems can be used to construct structures of any size.
The team recently demonstrated the DCP’s building skills on an empty field in Mountain View, CA．The robot began by creating a mold with expanding foam that hardens when dry. It then constructed the building, layer by layer, using sensors to raise itself higher as it progressed. The final product was a sturdy “home” that had 50-foot diameter walls and a 12-foot high roof with room for essentials like electricity wires and water pipes to be inserted inside. Even more impressive? It took a mere 14 hours to “print”!
The researchers’ next plan is to make the DCP smart enough to analyze the environment where the structure is going to be built and determine the material densities best suited for the area. However, that’s not even the best part. Future DCP models are going to be solar-powered, autonomous, and, most importantly, capable of sourcing construction components from its surroundings. This means the robot can be sent to remote, disaster-stricken areas, and perhaps even to Mars, to build shelters using whatever material is available.
24．What do we learn from the first paragraph?
A．Housing pioneers on Mars is a reality.
B．Colonizing Mars is out of the question.
C．Building structures on Mars is in the testing phases.
D．Finding a liveable place on Mars is a top priority.
25．How does the DCP differ from other 3-D printers?
A．It consumes less time.
B．It comes in more different sizes.
C．It is more environmentally friendly.
D．It can build more diverse structures.
26．What is the third paragraph mainly about?
A．The successful case of the DCP. B．The working principle of the DCP.
C．The instructions of using the DCP. D．The limitation of the DCP’s function.
27．What might be the biggest highlight of future DCP ?
A．Being powered by solar.
B．Building shelters anywhere.
C．Collecting building materials on site.
D．Analyzing building material densities.

The icy waters surrounding Antarctica have long been called the Southern Ocean by scientists. However, it never received the official recognition it deserved—until now. On World Oceans Day, the National Geographic Society announced that from now on, there would be five oceans: the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, and Southern Ocean.
National Geographic’s map policy committee had been considering making the change for many years. However, it is on June 8, 2021 that it recognized the Southern Ocean as the world’s fifth ocean. “Our maps are updated. The Southern Ocean is treated the same as the traditional four, and the next quiz question about the number of oceans has an updated official answer from National Geographic—five!” the Society officials declared on Twitter.
The new ocean will include most of the waters around Antarctica out to 60 degrees south latitude(纬度), except the Drake Passage and the Scotia Sea. Unlike the other oceans, which are divided by the surrounding continents, the extent of the Southern Ocean is determined by the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC)—the Earth’s longest and strongest oceanic current.
The ACC was set 34 million years ago when Antarctica broke off from South America, enabling the water to freely flow around Earth’s southernmost tip. Its water is colder and less salty than the ocean waters to the north and provides a unique habitat for thousands of species, including whales, penguins, and seals.
Alex Tait, a National Geographic Society geographer, says that the change reflects the Society’s desire to draw public attention to protecting the Southern Ocean’s unique marine ecosystem. Tait says the change will have a good impact on how children using maps in school to see the world. “Students acquire information about the ocean world through textbooks, maps as well as newspapers. So it is necessary for them to learn there is the fifth ocean around Antarctica.” he says.
28．Why did the Society officials say the map was updated again?
A．A new land was discovered.
B．A fifth ocean was officially recognized.
C．A new body of water appeared in the world.
D．The movement of the underwater updated the map.
29．How is the Southern Ocean divided?
A．By surrounding continents. B．By a unique oceanic current.
C．By the 60 degrees south latitude. D．By the habitat for unique species.
30．What is Alex Tait’s attitude to the official recognition of Southern Ocean?
A．Conservative. B．Skeptical.
C．Objective. D．Favorable.
31．What might be the best title for the passage?
A．Earth Now Officially Has Five Oceans
B．The Ice in Antarctica Is Melting Rapidly
C．Action Should Be Taken to Protect Oceans
D．The World Map Needs Updating All the Time

Germany may be famous for its history and culture, and it also houses some of Europe’s most wild and wonderful scenery. Here are four parks worth visiting.
Berchtesgaden Nature Park
Berchtesgaden is one of Germany’s oldest and most beautiful conservation areas. Trails go in and out of the forest, leading you along the banks of glassy lakes. The more adventurous visitors may choose paragliding (滑翔伞运动). Back on the ground, a network of more than 150 miles of walking trails goes through the forest.
Jasmund Nature Park
It lies on the west coast of the offshore island of Rügen. This protected site is the smallest of Germany’s national park. It is here that painter Caspar David Friedrich found himself inspired to create one of his masterpieces, Chalk Cliffs on Rügen, in 1818. Here long trails can take you all the way to the Rügen coastline, where white-sand beaches and blue waters wait for you.
The Bliesgau Biosphere
This place is home to almost half of all German flower species. The grasslands spread for miles, drawing different butterflies. Thanks to its comfortable climate, this is an area of sustainable development. In fact, this park is an example of farming done right and offers a wealth of agricultural know-how to anyone eager to learn.
Southern Black Forest Nature Park
The highland areas, with views over Switzerland and France, are a good place for food-lovers. Activities in the park range from hiking and fishing to mountain biking, while the slower travelers will enjoy the trails for an escape from everyday life.
32．Which park would you prefer if you want to hike on the beach?
A．Jasmund Nature Park. B．The Bliesgau Biosphere.
C．Berchtesgaden Nature Park. D．Southern Black Forest Nature Park.
33．What is special about Southern Black Forest Nature Park?
A．It is an example of farming done right.
B．It is a park with a view of three countries.
C．It is Germany’s oldest conservation area.
D．It is the smallest of Germany’s National Park.
34．What does the passage probably come from?
A．A story book. B．A health survey.
C．A sports magazine. D．A travel advertisement.

Fashion designers are always looking for new materials to work with. Lately, it’s all about environment-friendly materials -- recycled tires, mushrooms, even pineapple fibers! What if you want such a pair of shoes? Thaely is here to help.
This sneaker brand out of Dubai wants to fight the growing problem of plastic pollution. Led by 23-year-old Indian businessman Ashay Bhave, they may have found a winning approach: making shoes out of plastic grocery bags. “Thaely” means “plastic bag” in the Hindi language.
“I was looking to create footwear that is cost-effective and safe for the environment,” Bhave said in an interview with a newspaper. “I needed to come up with something that uses recycled plastic without creating any more plastic waste. ”Plastic bags were the perfect solution. He said five trillion plastic bags are used around the world each year. “I was motivated to find a solution to this problem,” Bhave said.
That solution was the fiber called ThaelyTex. Made entirely from plastic bags, the material looks and feels like leather. That sounds promising. Better yet, the production process requires no additional chemicals and produces no poisonous by-products. The result is a smart-looking pair of white low-top sneakers.
Bhave wouldn’t expose the full process for making ThaelyTex, but he said that each pair of shoes was made from up to 15 plastic bags and 22 plastic bottles. Where do they get the materials? Bhave told Elle that was the hardest part. “The biggest challenge we faced was right at the first step of acquiring the plastic bags. ”
Finally, they got help from TrioTap Technologies, a waste management plant. Bhave said they offered to collect the bags and also process them into ThaelyTex.
So far, it seems like things are falling into place. There are already hundreds of pre-orders in place. It sounds like they have some plans for the future. “We have a few more colors coming up,” said Bhave. They also plan to put out a high-top model and bring in a line of clothing. Let’s hope their growth is also friendly to the environment.
35．Why did Bhave choose to make shoes out of plastic bags?
A．To set a new footwear trend.
B．To test new materials for footwear.
C．To reduce the use of plastic bags in his home country.
D．To use recycled plastic in an environment-friendly way.
36．What was the most difficult task for Bhave?
A．Having a few more colors for Thaely. B．Processing plastic bags into ThaelyTex.
C．Collecting enough production materials D．Dealing with many poisonous by-products
37．The underlined part“put out”in the last paragraph probably means__________.
A．produce B．conserve
C．provide D．broadcast
38．What can be the best title for this passage?
A．Bhave: a promising young man
B．Thaely: killer of waste plastic bags
C．ThaelyTex: material out of plastic bags
D．TrioTap Technologies: a waste management plant





















参考答案
1．C
2．B
3．A
4．D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍研究发现，人们对颜色的偏爱随时间而变化，并且与我们的经历相关。
1．词义猜测题。根据第二段“During the study conducted by psychology professor Karen Schloss at the University of Wisconsin in 2019, the researchers investigated the science of how different people perceive colour. They noted that subjects with a preference for a sports team found their favourite team’s colours more favourable. The more they valued their team, the more they favoured the specific colour. (威斯康星大学心理学教授凯伦·施洛斯2019年进行的一项研究中，研究人员调查了不同人如何感知颜色的科学。他们注意到，对运动队有偏好的受试者发现他们最喜欢的运动队的颜色更受欢迎。他们越看重自己的团队，就越喜欢特定的颜色。)”可知，研究人员对不同的人如何感知颜色进行了科学调查。画线单词所在句陈述结论“It tells us that our experiences with the world are constantly influencing the way we view colour(它告诉我们，我们与世界的经历不断地影响着我们看待颜色的方式)”可知，这里的it代指“人们对颜色的偏好度”。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段“From previous surveys the researchers found that blue has been a favourite colour. Even the earliest-recorded colour studies from the 1800s show that blue is universally loved, due at least in part to our fondness for blues in nature. (从之前的调查中，研究人员发现蓝色一直是人们最喜欢的颜色。即使是19世纪最早记录的色彩研究也表明，蓝色受到普遍喜爱，至少部分原因是我们喜欢大自然中的蓝色。)”并结合前文可知，之前的调查中，研究人员发现蓝色一直是人们最喜欢的颜色。由此推断，从早期的颜色研究中我们可以发现：我们对蓝色的偏爱由来已久。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段“The other finding of the research was that our colour interests change as we gain new experiences. The younger you are, for instance, the more likely you are to enjoy a brighter colour. As you age, you’re more likely to take on darker colours as your favourites (该研究的另一个发现是，当我们获得新的经验时，我们对颜色的兴趣也会发生变化。例如，你越年轻，你就越有可能喜欢鲜艳的颜色。随着年龄的增长，你更有可能选择深色作为自己的最爱)”可知，这项研究的第二个发现是我们对颜色的偏好可能会随着时间的推移而改变。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Simply put, the things we enjoy most in our lives will drive our colour preferences. (简单地说，我们生活中最喜欢的东西会影响我们对颜色的偏好。)”可推断，我们对颜色的偏爱是由我们的经历体验决定的。故选D。
5．D
6．D
7．C
8．B

【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了刺网面临的问题，以及Senko博士为缓解这一问题而在刺网中安装LED灯的创意措施。这一措施得到了较好的效果，未来会有不错的发展前景。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段“But gillnets trap other things, for example, endangered animals such as turtles; dangerous ones, such as Humboldt squid; and ones that are both endangered and dangerous, such as several types of sharks.(但是刺网也会捕获其他东西，例如，濒危动物，如海龟；危险的动物，如洪堡乌贼；还有那些既濒危又危险的鲨鱼，比如几种鲨鱼。)”可知,刺网的问题是常常打捞上来我们并不想要的东西，比如濒危物种和危险动物。故选D。
6．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Dr.Senko and his colleagues set up an experiment in the Gulf of Ulloa, in Mexico, in which they cooperated with local fisher folks to employ over 10,000 meters of nets that had had nets battery-powered waterproof green LEDs fitted onto them every ten meters. In half of the these lights were lit. The other half were left unlit, as controls. Each lit net was paired with an unlit one, and the two were employed alongside one another at prime fishing locations. The fishers’ target fish were large groupers. Dr. Senko was interested both in what else got caught and whether the lights decreased catches of the target species.(森科博士和他的同事们在墨西哥乌洛亚湾进行了一项实验，他们与当地渔民合作，使用了超过10000米长的渔网，这些渔网上每隔10米就安装有电池供电的防水绿色LED灯。其中一半的灯是亮着的，另一半是不亮的作为对照。每一张亮着的渔网都与另一张不亮着的渔网配对，这两张渔网在主要的捕鱼地点一起使用。渔民的目标鱼是大型石斑鱼。森科博士感兴趣的是还捕获了什么，以及灯光是否减少了目标物种的捕获。)”可知，本段详细阐述了博士进行实验的整个操作过程，细节十分丰富。故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“On the latter point, to his relief, they did not. On the former, the lit nets caught 95% fewer kilograms of shark-related species. In particular, several threatened species turned up less often in the lit than the unlit nets.(在后一点上，使他松了一口气的是，他们并没有做。在前者中，照明网捕获的与鲨鱼相关的物种的公斤数减少了95%。特别是，一些受威胁的物种在没有光照的网中出现的次数少。)”可知，安装LED灯后，非相关物种的被捕量明显得到了减少。根据最后一段的“The advantage from the point of view of fisher folks was that they needed to spend a lot less time clearing these dangerous by-catches from their nets. And, crucially, the LEDs concerned are cheap, hard-wearing, and easy to fit. (从渔民的角度来看，这样做的好处是他们需要花更少的时间从渔网中清除这些危险的副渔获物。而且，最关键的是，相关的LED便宜，耐用，易于安装。)”可知，LED灯带来的效率不仅能为渔民节省大量时间，并且亦十分经济实惠。综合可知，在刺网中装上LED灯的做法达到了双赢。故选C。
8．推理判断题。 根据最后一段作者的结语“Here, then, is a conservation idea from which everyone wins.(因此，这是一个皆大欢喜的环保理念。)”可推知，作者对其效果及未来发展持积极乐观的态度。故选B。
9．D
10．A
11．B

【导语】本文是一篇应用文，作者介绍了三个他最喜欢的观星目的地。
9．推理判断题。由题目“Ireland”可以定位到文章第二个小标题下的“If planning a trip, keep in mind that Ireland does have wet months where overcast skies are more likely to affect your stargazing prospects.(如果计划一次旅行，请记住爱尔兰确实有多雨的月份，阴天更可能影响你的观星。)”可知，在爱尔兰观星的缺点就是当地的天气可能影响观星，故选D。
10．细节理解题。由题目“Wadi Rum”定位到文章最后一个小标题，根据该段第二句“Made famous for its otherworldly landscapes in movies like Prometheus, Star Wars, Rogue One and The Martian, Wadi Rum’s towering red rock formations are extremely interesting to explore by day-and offer protection from any distant light pollution once the sun sets.(在电影《普罗米修斯》、《星球大战》、《侠盗一号》和《火星救援》中，它以超凡脱世的风景而闻名。瓦迪鲁姆高耸的红色岩层在白天是非常有趣的探索，而且在太阳落山后，它可以保护你免受任何遥远的光污染)”可知，Wadi Rum因其在众多电影中的超凡景观而闻名，与众不同，故选A。
11．推理判断题。通读全文，并结合第二段“Below are some of my favorite dark sky destinations   around the world.(下面是我最喜欢的世界各地的黑暗天空目的地)”可知，作者介绍了三个他最喜欢的观星目的地，所以文章目的是告知，故选B。
12．A
13．A
14．C
15．A

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了原本不重视阅读的作者通过努力克服自身的阅读障碍，最终成功出版书籍、成立非营利性组织帮助他人的故事。
【详解】 1.推理判断题。由文章第一段“When I was a kid, if someone told me that I would grow up to become a published author and founder of a youth literacy (读写能力)foundation, I would have laughed and kept walking.Even now when I see the title of my latest picture book, My Very Favorite Book in the Whole Wide World, I shake my head, not quite believing that book has my name on it. (当我还是个孩子的时候，如果有人告诉我，我长大后会成为一名出版作家和一个青年识字基金会的创始人，我会笑，继续走路。即使现在，当我看到我最新图画书的标题，My Very Favorite Book in the Whole Wide World，我摇摇头，不太相信那本书上有我的名字。)”可知，作者假设还小的时候有人跟他说以后他能成为出版商和创始人，他会一笑了之，即使现在看到自己的书，也不相信是书上有他自己的名字，可以推断出作者认为他的新书超出了他的预期，故选A。

2.细节理解题。由文章第二段“In Valdosta, Ga., where I grew up, my community promoted two pathways to a better life for little boys like me: being an athlete and being an entertainer. I was no different than the other kids, so I did what felt natural: Play football and overlook school. School presented challenges every day and so did football practice, but overcoming physical adversity (逆境) was on trend with my neighborhood’s culture. Reading books not so much.(在佐治亚州的瓦尔多斯塔,在我长大的地方，我的社区为像我这样的小男孩开辟了两条走向更好生活的道路：成为一名运动员或一名艺人。我和其他孩子没有什么不同，所以我做了一件感觉很自然的事情：踢足球，忽略上学。学习每天都有挑战，足球练习也有挑战，但克服身体逆境是我的社区文化的趋势。读书不用太多。)”可知，在作者所在的那个社区像作者这样的小男孩被固定了两条通往更美好生活的道路——成为运动员或艺人，作者觉得这很自然，这是作者社区文化的趋势，读书不多，所以作者未能找到自己读书的声音的根本原因是社区对他的影响，而C项只是表面的一个挑战，故选A。
3.词句猜测题。由下文“Trips to the grocery store were stressful because there was so much reading involved in the simple act of buying food. I would misread labels and grab the wrong items. Once, I picked up apple sauce thinking it was apple slices. I didn’t notice my mistake until I got home and realized that it was my inability to understand the differences in the wording on the labels that caused the mistake. I realized that I needed to make an important decision. If I wanted to be a better version of me, I had to become a stronger reader.(去杂货店的旅行很紧张，因为购买食物的简单行为涉及到太多的阅读。我会误读标签，拿走错误的东西。有一次，我拿起了苹果酱，以为那是苹果片。我没有注意到我的错误，直到我回家后才意识到是我无法理解标签上措辞的不同，才导致了这个错误。我意识到我需要做出一个重要的决定。如果我想成为一个更好的自己，我就必须成为一个更强大的读者。)”可知，作者在读大学时候由于阅读障碍认错、买错了许多东西，所以他决定努力阅读，上文写他所在的社区读书不多，所以这一句“ That’s where my reading struggles really reared their ugly head.”是承接句，故这句话的意思应该是那就是我阅读争斗都展现出来了的地方，结合“head”可以推断出划线处的意思为“浮出水面”，故选C。
4.推理判断题。由文章最后一段“I joined a book club and read every free moment I had. My journey with reading also created a desire in me to inspire others who struggle with reading. So I started a nonprofit, Share the Magic Foundation, trying to transform the lives of children living in underserved communities through literacy.(我加入了一个读书俱乐部，在我拥有的每一个自由时间阅读。我的阅读之旅也让我产生了一种欲望，去激励那些努力阅读的人。所以我创办了一个非营利组织，Share the Magic Foundation，试图通过识字来改变生活在服务不足社区的儿童的生活。)”可知，作者希望激励那些在阅读中挣扎的人，所以成立一个非营利组织，努力通过扫盲改变生活在服务不足社区的儿童的生活，作者这么做是由于自己的经历想帮助更多像他一样的儿童，可以推断出作者是热心的，而且这也是深思后做的决定，故选A。
16．C
17．D
18．B
19．C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。通过生动的阐述与举例，向我们分析了食物的色彩对人们进食时的食欲与胃口有着怎样的影响，以及不同色彩间的差异。最后，作者向读者提出了一定的科学建议。
16．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Unless we are medically restricted or strictly dieting, we are not likely to resist inviting fare simply because we recognize the lack of nutritional value.(除非我们受到医学限制或严格节食，否则我们不太可能仅仅因为认识到食物缺乏营养价值而拒绝品尝食物)”并结合选项推知，医生的指导是影响我们是否摄入这些色彩艳丽食物的主要原因。故选C。
17．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Devina Wadhera and Elizabeth D.Capaldi-Phillips in A Review of Visual Cues Associated with Food recognize the impact of sensory cues (信号)on food consumption and enjoyment, and the potential they have to promote healthy eating behavior. They cite previous research in providing some interesting examples of the visual impact of different color schemes (方案)on taste and food enjoyment. (Devina wadandra和Elizabeth D.Capaldi-Phillips在《与食物相关的视觉线索综述》中认识到感官线索对食物消费和享受的影响，以及它们促进健康饮食行为的潜力。他们引用了以前的研究，提供了一些有趣的例子，说明不同配色方案对味觉和食物享受的视觉影响)”可知，A Review of Visual Cues Associated with Food探讨了感官信号会对人们的进食行为产生怎样的影响。故选D。
18．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“But when it comes to healthy eating, instead of putting on a pair of sunglasses to block the inviting hues of food cues, consider the value of discipline. Healthy eating involves intentional choices, not mindless responses to sensory cues. (但说到健康饮食，与其戴上一副太阳镜来阻挡诱人的食物颜色，不如考虑一下自律的价值。健康饮食包括有意的选择，而不是对感官线索的盲目反应)”可知，在选择健康的饮食上个人自主能动性是很重要的，要做出有意义的选择。故选B。
19．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要分析食物的色彩对于人们进食食欲的影响。通过科学实验与理论完成分析与阐释。故C项“颜色如何影响食物的吸引力和食欲”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选C。
20．D
21．B
22．B
23．A

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了罗比·普鲁伊特的自行车被盗后，他没有恼火和生气，反而收集闲置的自行车去修理，然后送给那些需要的人的故事。
20．推理判断题。根据第一段的“After letting go of his anger, he found himself on a road to compassion instead.(在放下愤怒之后，他发现自己走上了同情之路。)”可知，他去了商店以后，开始同情偷自行车的人。故选D项。
21．词义猜测题。根据划线词前一句“but when he went bike shopping, he found the pickings slim.(但当他去买自行车时，他发现买的东西很少。)”可知，此处是说自行车的库存短缺。A. Variety.多样性；B. Shortage.短缺；C. Abundance.充裕；D. Security.安全。故选B项。
22．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Pruitt put out a call for bikes people don’t use,(普鲁伊特呼吁收集人们用过的自行车，)”可知，他发帖子目的是收集人们闲置的自行车。故选B项。
23．推理判断题。根据第三段的“he would repair—again for free—and then donate to folks who could truly use them...(他会再次免费修复，然后捐赠给真正能使用它们的人……)”可知，他是很有爱心的；又根据最后一段“It’s the impact he made on people. All the neighborhood kids are spending a lot more time doing something that’s hands-on,(这是他能对人们产生的影响。所有邻居的孩子都花了更多的时间做一些亲身实践的事情，)”可知，他激励了很多人去做一些力所能及的事情。故选A项。
24．C
25．D
26．A
27．C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了麻省理工学院(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)最新公布的数字建设平台(DCP)将如何解决在火星上建房子的问题的。
24．推理判断题。第一段的“While the best solution would be to have the structures ready before they get there, it has so far been a challenge given that most construction robots have never made it out of the laboratory.(虽然最好的解决方案是在结构物到达之前做好准备，但鉴于大多数建筑机器人从未走出实验室，这一直是一个挑战)”推知，在火星上建造建筑物正处于测试阶段。故选C项。
25．细节理解题。根据第二段的“...unlike other 3—D printers that are limited to building objects that fit within their overall enclosure, DCP’s free moving system can be used to construct structures of any size.(……与其他仅限于构建适合其整体外壳的物体的3D打印机不同，DCP的自由移动系统可用于构建任何尺寸的结构)”可知，与其他3D打印不同，它可以建造更多样化的房屋。故选D项。
26．主旨大意题。根据第三段的“The team recently demonstrated the DCP’s building skills on an empty field in Mountain View, CA.(该团队最近在加利福尼亚州山景城的一块空地上展示了DCP的建筑技能)”可知，本段主要介绍了DCP的成功案例。故选A项。
27．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“most importantly, capable of sourcing construction components from its surroundings. This means the robot can be sent to remote, disaster-stricken areas, and perhaps even to Mars, to build shelters using whatever material is available.(最重要的是，能够从周边采购建筑构件。这意味着机器人可以被送到偏远的灾区，甚至火星，用任何可用的材料建造居所)”可知，未来DCP的最大亮点是可以现场收集建筑材料。故选C项。
28．B
29．B
30．D
31．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了南大洋作为世界第五大洋得到官方的认可。
28．细节理解题。根据第二段第二三句“However, it is on June 8, 2021 that it recognized the Southern Ocean as the world’s fifth ocean. Our maps are updated. (但直到2021年6月8日，它才承认南大洋为世界第五大洋。我们的地图更新了)”可知，因为官方认可了世界第五大洋——南大洋，所以协会官员说地图已经更新。故选B项。
29．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Unlike the other oceans, which are divided by the surrounding continents, the extent of the Southern Ocean is determined by the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC)—the Earth’s longest and strongest oceanic current. (与被周围大陆划分的其他海洋不同，南大洋的范围是由南极环极流(ACC)决定的，这是地球上最长、最强的洋流)”可知，南大洋是由一股独特的洋流——南极环极流(ACC)决定的。故选B项。
30．推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“Tait says the change will have an impact on how children using maps in school learn to see the world. (Tait说，这一变化将对孩子们在学校使用地图学习看世界的方式产生影响)”和最后一句“So it is necessary for them to learn there is the fifth ocean around Antarctica. (所以他们有必要知道南极洲周围有第五大洋)”可知，Alex Tait对于南大洋得到官方认可持支持态度。故选D项。
31．主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“On World Oceans Day, the National Geographic Society announced that from now on, there would be five oceans: the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, and Southern Ocean. (在世界海洋日，国家地理学会宣布，从现在起，将有五个大洋：大西洋、太平洋、印度洋、北极和南大洋)”以及第二段第二三句的“it is on June 8, 2021 that it recognized the Southern Ocean as the world’s fifth ocean. Our maps are updated. (直到2021年6月8日，它才承认南大洋为世界第五大洋。我们的地图更新了)”可知，主要介绍了南大洋得到官方的认可。故A项“地球现在正式拥有五大洋”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选A项。
32．A
33．B
34．D

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了德国四个值得参观的国家公园。
32．细节理解题。根据Jasmund nature park部分中的“Here long trails can take you all the way to the Rügen coastline, where white-sand beaches and blue waters wait for you.(在这里，长长的小径可以把你一直带到Rügen海岸线，那里有白色的沙滩和蓝色的海水等着你)”可知，若你想在海边沙滩上徒步的话，应该去Jasmund nature park。故选A。
33．细节理解题。根据Southern Black Forest nature park部分中的“The highland areas, with views over Switzerland and France, are a good place for food-lovers.(高原地区可以俯瞰瑞士和法国的美景，是美食爱好者的好去处)”可知，这个公园的特殊之处是，在这里的高地，可以看到三个国家。故选B。
34．推理判断题。根据第一段“Germany may be famous for its history and culture, and it also houses some of Europe’s most wild and wonderful scenery. Here are four parks worth visiting.(德国可能以它的历史和文化而闻名，它也拥有欧洲最原始和最美妙的风景。这里有四个值得参观的公园)”可知，文章介绍了德国四个值得参观的国家公园。由此推知，文章最可能来自于一则旅游广告。故选D。
35．D
36．C
37．A
38．B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。印度商人Ashay Bhave找到了回收使用塑料袋的新方法——把塑料袋制成一种叫作ThaelyTex纤维，然后用这种纤维制作鞋子；这样，塑料袋得以回收利用，减少了对环境的污染。
35．细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“This sneaker brand out of Dubai wants to fight the growing problem of plastic pollution.（这个来自迪拜的运动鞋品牌想要对抗日益严重的塑料污染问题）”和第三段的句子“I needed to come up with something that uses recycled plastic without creating any more plastic waste.（我需要想出一种既使用回收塑料又不会产生更多塑料垃圾的方法）”可知，Bhave选择用塑料制作鞋子，是因为他想用环保的方式使用回收塑料。故选D项。
36．细节理解题。根据第五段的最后一句话“The biggest challenge we faced was right at the first step of acquiring the plastic bags.（我们面临的最大的挑战就是如何获得塑料袋）”可知，对于Bhave来说，最大的困难是获得足够的塑料袋来作为生产材料。故选C项。
37．短语猜测题。前文“We have a few more colors coming up,” said Bhave.(“我们会有更多的颜色出现，”巴维说)”可知，他们会生产更多颜色的鞋子，结合划线句“They also plan to put out a high-top model and bring in a line of clothing.(他们还计划put up一个高帮样式，并推出一系列服装)”和句中的“a high-top model（高帮样式）”可知，put out是在该句子中是“生产”的意思，意思是说他们还计划生产一种高帮鞋。故选A项。
38．主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Lately, it’s all about environment-friendly materials -- recycled tires, mushrooms, even pineapple fibers! What if you want such a pair of shoes? Thaely is here to help.(最近，完全是关于环保材料的——回收轮胎、蘑菇，甚至菠萝纤维！如果你想要这样一双鞋，泰利来帮忙。)”以及下文内容可知，这篇文章主要讲的是印度商人Ashay Bhave找到了回收使用塑料袋的新方法——把塑料袋制成一种叫作ThaelyTex纤维，然后用这种纤维制作鞋子；这样，塑料袋得以回收利用，减少了对环境的污染。所以，B项“Thaely: killer of waste plastic bags（Thaely：废塑料袋的杀手）”作为本文的题目符合题意。故选B项。