高考英语二轮复习云南高考英语阅读理解训练

这是一份高考英语二轮复习云南高考英语阅读理解训练，共28页。
阅读理解
Researchers based in the greater Yellowstone National Park area have found a new way to identify mountain lions-also referred as pumas- by using facial recognition. And it is proving to be effective to monitor these creatures that are highly elusive. “Mountain lions are really hard to directly observe.” said Peter Alexander, a research biologist leading the research project.
One tool they once used is a camera trap, which is attached to something along the animal’s regular path. When motion is detected, the trap gets a shot of the mountain lion as it passes by. The cameras even have an infra-red (红外线的)flash for nighttime photos without disturbing the animal.
Researchers around the world use this type of tool to estimate population numbers of species. But according to Alexander, there’s a problem with this method when it comes to ID’ing mountain lions.
All mountain lion around the world have light, sandy colored fur down their sides. The scientific name for a mountain lion, Puma concolor, literally translates to “one color”. This lack of unique coloration (自然花纹)on the their body sides means researchers like Alexander can’t usually tell if one puma crosses a camera trap five times, or if five individual animals pass by.
However, it’s a different story with their distinctive facial markings. Alexander and his team added some devices to their camera traps so that when motion was detected, a puma kitten call was played. This noise reliably attracted passerby pumas so that they looked up long enough for the camera trap to grab a shot for facial recognition.
Compared to the traditional side angle camera trap, the new attention-getting device was about 92% more accurate. This work was recently published in the journal Ecology and Evolution.
This study is an important step to being able to more confidently identify and track animals. Getting head images of mountain lions also opens up new opportunities to involve AI techniques. Alexander says that this new camera trap method could be used for tracking other wild animals that lack distinguishing side colors but have unique features elsewhere.
1．What does the word “elusive” underlined in Paragraph 1 mean?
A．Difficult to detect. B．Impossible to control.
C．Reasonable to understand. D．Convenient to identify.
2．What causes the traditional camera trap’s problem in photographing mountain lions?
A．Their unnoticeable body feature. B．Their large movement range.
C．Their failure to set off the flash. D．Their lack of a long state of rest.
3．What’s the purpose of the new device attached to the camera trap?
A．To identify each puma by tracking their movement.
B．To help get head images of pumas for facial recognition.
C．To attract more puma kitten to pass by and be photographed.
D．To engage pumas’ attention for highlighted body side photos.
4．What does Alexander think of the new camera trap?
A．It is a revolutionary invention. B．It will have promising applications.
C．It helps greatly advance AI techniques. D．It is more convenient than traditional ones.

A family’s cat has finally been recovered after three weeks of being on the run in Boston’s Logan International Airport. The cat -named Rowdy-had been successfully avoiding airport workers, airline employees, and animal experts since escaping from a pet container. Rowdy was finally caught Wednesday.
“Whether out of exhaustion or hunger we’ll never know, but this morning she finally let herself be caught,”an airport spokesperson said.
Rowdy is to be given a health examination and then returned to her family. “I’m kind of in disbelief,”said her owner, Patty Sahli. “I thought, ‘What are the odds we’re actually going to get her back?’ But I got a call this morning and I am just so shocked. ”
Rowdy’s time on the run began June 24. Sahli and her husband, Rich, returned to the United States from 15 years in Germany with the Army. When their Lufthansa airlines flight landed, the 4-year-old black cat with green eyes escaped her cage. She was chasing some birds in the area.
Soon Rowdy herself was on the object of a chase. Her escape set off a big search involving airport and Lufthansa workers. Construction workers, and animal welfare experts got involved as well. They used wildlife cameras and safe-release traps in an attempt to catch Rowdy. Many people saw Rowdy during her extended airport visit. However, the cat always escaped those who chased her.
Now, with Rowdy safely contained, a little calm has been returned to the airport. “It was such a community effort,” said Sahli, adding, “we’re just so grateful to everyone who helped look for her. ”
5．What finally led to Rowdy’s being caught?
A．The use of wildlife cameras. B．The attraction of some birds to her.
C．Animal welfare experts’ involvement. D．Her willingness to cooperate in the chase.
6．What had Sahli expected about Rowdy?
A．Getting away from the family. B．Returning home safe and sound.
C．Caught by the safe-release traps. D．Injured and shocked at the airport.
7．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A．The efforts of the cat’s owner. B．The process of chasing the cat.
C．The cause of the cat’s losing her way. D．The whole story of the cat’s getting loose.
8．Which of the following best describes the search efforts?
A．Individual and effective. B．Extensive and combined.
C．Determined but failed. D．Demanding but overlooked.

Australia is unique in many ways. It’s home to a wide range of landscapes and some of the most unusual animals on Earth. The Land Down Under is also the only place on Earth that qualifies as both a country and a continent. The definition of a continent isn’t as concrete as you might expect, but a few qualities help earn Australia that distinction.
The land mass’s status (地位) as a country is for sure. A country is defined as “a nation with its own government, occupying a particular territory,” and since 1901, the Commonwealth of Australia—as it’s officially known—has fit that description.
Australia’s claim to be a continent is less strong. There’s no scientific definition used to categorize continents. They tend to be large land masses with their own tectonic plates (地壳板块), and isolated enough to produce unique cultures and plant and animal populations. These aren’t hard and fast rules, however. Europe and Asia share a tectonic plate, but their cultural differences justify separating them into two continents (though the boundary separating one from the other is constantly changing). When it comes to what makes Australia a continent, size is the most minor factor. It’s the smallest continent at 2. 9 million square miles, and it’s actually closer in size to Greenland than it is to South America. So what makes Australia a continent and Greenland an island?
Australia’s distinctiveness carries a lot of weight here. Its isolated location allowed it to support native groups of people with distinct cultures as well as wildlife that can’t be found elsewhere on the planet. The native cultures and animals of Greenland, however, can also be found throughout the Arctic.
9．What qualifies Australia as a country?
A．The distinct landscapes and animals it has.
B．The establishment of Commonwealth of Australia.
C．The reputation of the Land Down Under it enjoys.
D．The specifically defined continent where it is located.
10．What can we learn from the paragraph 3?
A．The dividing line between Asia and Europe stays fixed.
B．Size is a major factor in determining Australia as a continent.
C．Each continent occupies a tectonic plate separated from others.
D．The definition of a continent doesn’t necessarily follow set rules.
11．Why is Greenland an island rather than a continent?
A．Because it is much smaller than South America.
B．Because it does not cover a whole tectonic plate.
C．Because it lacks uniqueness in culture and wildlife.
D．Because it is too close and is attached to the Arctic.
12．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．How Is Australia Different from Greenland?
B．How Were the Continents on Earth Determined?
C．What Sets Australia Apart from Other Continents?
D．Why Is Australia a Continent as Well as a Country?

Some of the most well-known cities in the world have gone through at least one name change. The new names often exhibit shifts of power, or may honor a specific person. Here are some that were once known by other names.
Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Saigon became Ho Chi Minh City in 1975 when it joined the Gia Dinh Province of Vietnam after the end of the Vietnam War. It was renamed after a previous communist prime minister, as the new name represented the north’s success. However, many people still refer to the city by its original name.
Mumbai, India
The city formerly known as Bombay officially became Mumbai in 1995 when the Shiv Sena political party rose to power. The Shiv Sena party saw Bombay as a relic of Britain’s colonial legacy (殖民遗产), and Mumbai was just one of many places in the country to receive a non-British name.
Istanbul, Turkey
Constantine the Great originally gave the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire the name of Constantinople, or “City of Constantine. ” The city went by this name or variations of it even after the Ottomans took it over in 1453; it was formally renamed Istanbul in 1930, not long after the Republic of Turkey was created.
Oslo, Norway
A fire destroyed the city of Oslo in 1624, during King Christian IV’s rule. When the settlement was being rebuilt, King Christian IV insisted on renaming Norway’s largest urban center after himself as Christiania (which later became Kristiania). In 1925, the city’s original name was restored to Oslo.
13．What is the former name of Ho Chi Minh City?
A．Gian Dinh. B．Saigon. C．Bombay. D．Kristiania.
14．When did the Ottomans occupy what’s now Istanbul?
A．In 1453. B．In 1624. C．In 1930. D．In 1925.
15．Who once governed Norway?
A．The British. B．Ho Chi Minh.
C．King Christian IV. D．Constantine the Great.

Is there a link between social media and depression? Do Facebook and Instagram have a negative impact on your mental health? It’s complicated.
Sometimes, looking through Instagram just makes you feel bad. You try not to envy your friends, but they always seem to be traveling somewhere cool, eating something fancy, or looking cute in perfect just-rolled-out-of-bed hair. On the other hand, there are times when you laugh at funny memes (表情包), catch up with old friends, and feel happy to belong to fun social media communities. Clearly, social media isn’t all bad.
People are increasingly suspecting that there’re potential problems of social media. Things like cyberbullying (网上欺凌) , screen addiction, and being exposed to endless filtered images (美颜) that make it impossible not to make comparisons between yourself and others often make the news. In July, a big study came out in the journal JAMA titled “Association of Screen Time and Depression in Adolescence.” This big headline seems to confirm what a lot of people have been saying — screen time is horrible for young people.
The study followed over 3,800 adolescents over four years as part of a drug and alcohol prevention program. Part of what the investigators measured was the teens’ amount of screen time, including time spent on social media, as well as their levels of depression symptoms. One of their main findings was that higher amounts of social media use were associated with higher levels of depression. That was true both when the researches compared between people and compared each person against their own mental health over time.
Case closed? Not so fast. Before we end the debate once and for all, let’s take a closer look at this and other studies. Let’s ask ourselves: what exactly is the relationship between social media use and depression? It turns out there are several warnings.
16．Why do people sometimes feel bad when looking through Instagram?
A．They feel unbalanced. B．They can travel nowhere.
C．They don’t look perfect. D．They lack contact with old friends.
17．Why is the article in journal JAMA mentioned?
A．To comment. B．To suggest. C．To prove. D．To explore.
18．Which may agree with the findings of the study?
A．Teens’ amount of screen time is limited.
B．Depression is related to social media use.
C．It is not easy to tell reasons for depression.
D．Social media contributes to physical health.
19．What’s the best title of the text?
A．How to reduce depression?
B．Shall people reduce screen time?
C．Does social media cause depression?
D．Why is it time to give up social media?

In the United Kingdom, coffee consumption is on the rise. But beyond just fueling Londoners as they make their ways to work, coffee is also fueling their buses while fighting climate change.
It is reported that London’s buses will soon be powered in part by a newly developed biofuel, one that mixes diesel (柴油) with oils removed from spent coffee grounds, to reduce carbon dioxide emissions (排放) from its bus transport system. Recycling technology firm Bio-Bean collects used coffee grounds from major coffee producers across the UK, and removes the oils from them. Then it’s mixed into B20 biodiesel, with 20% biofuel and 80% conventional diesel.
With B20, the buses don’t require any adaptions to run on it. Bio-Bean founder said that, if the UK could use all of the 500,000 tons of coffee waste it produced each year, it could power the city of Manchester for a year. London uses other biofuels to support its effort to cut emissions from its bus system. Coffee is just the latest source, joining used cooking oil and animal fat from meat processing plants, but those old coffee grounds have to go somewhere, and fueling the city’s labor force is preferable to sending them to a waste yard. Bio-Bean’s B20 is an easy way to save businesses money on waste removal, and using the biodiesel in buses cut carbon emissions by 80%.
Coffee waste is becoming an almost unlimited resource, considering London’s citizens alone create 200,000 tons of coffee grounds every year. As more and more Britons switch from tea to coffee, that number will only elevate. The use of coffee grounds as a biofuel source has the added benefit of improving air quality in the city but sadly, it does not give off the pleasant coffee smell one might expect.
20．Why do London’s buses use the biofuel?
A．To improve the atmosphere quality. B．To reduce transport fares in London.
C．To promote the recycling technology. D．To support the local coffee industry.
21．What do we know about B20?
A．It can avoid emissions from buses. B．It requires adaptions to run on it.
C．It’s a mixture of biofuel and diesel. D．It can power the nation for a year.
22．Which word might replace the underlined word “elevate” in paragraph 4?
A．Decline. B．Increase. C．Appear. D．Remain.
23．What does the text mainly talk about?
A．The benefits of drinking coffee. B．An alternative biofuel resource.
C．The future for London’s buses, D．A change in coffee consumption.

Everyone has a routine. From where they get their coffee, to which route they take to work, to what side of the bed they sleep on. One thing that many find missing from their routine, however, is a way to connect with friends outside of the normal conversations, or with colleagues in a more meaningful way.
Our solution was to make time for a monthly book group. We would gather with friends, and the authors would be in attendance: from Erica Jong to Michael Cunningham, Nick Flynn, Mary Louise Parker, Ann Leary, Gary Shteyngardt, and Hanya Yanagihara. We rarely missed a meeting because it offered something we weren’t getting in our daily routines — knowledge from someone who could inspire a more meaningful conversation.
We all loved not only learning more about a topic, but digging into what drove these authors. And so, almost three years ago, we sat down over pizza and created the foundation for Never Stop Learning (NSL). The idea was to make sure that all members’ shared views could be received in a convenient setting. The one caveat (附加说明): it all must happen in an hour. Who had time for more?
Since that initial brainstorming lunch, we have started an incredible list of almost 300 experts ranging from journalists just coming back from coverage in the disaster-stricken areas, to scientists studying the latest CRISPR, to lecturers teaching the art of persuasion. These brilliant speakers cover topics from global affairs to technology and arts. An hour with any of them and you will be guaranteed to see the world a little differently.
24．What’s the goal of the monthly book group?
A．Organizing social activities.
B．Sharing thoughts with strangers.
C．Communicating with authors.
D．Connecting with people around.
25．What does the foundation expect to do?
A．Introduce inspiring books.
B．Make every member heard.
C．Create a convenient setting.
D．Organize monthly book groups.
26．What can be inferred about NSL from paragraph 4?
A．Its participants can adopt new viewpoints.
B．Its members are trained to be journalists.
C．Its scientific research has been sponsored.
D．Its organizers mainly focus on global affairs.
27．Which might be a suitable title for the text?
A．Change Your Daily Routine
B．Ways to Never Stop Learning
C．NSL:To See the World Differently
D．Lifelong Learning:a Must for All

Monkeypox(猴痘)Response and Recommendations Scientists at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)are tracking multiple cases of monkeypox.For more information on exposure risk,click Monitoring Persons Exposed.
CDC is working with health officials to identify people who may have been in contact with individuals who have tested positive for monkeypox,so they can monitor their health.
Recommendations for Individuals
People should contact their healthcare provider if they:
◆traveled to African counties,or parts of Europe where monkeypox cases have been reported.
◆traveled to other areas with confirmed cases of monkeypox during the month before their symploms(症状)began.
◆contacted with a person with confirmed monkeypox.
Recommendations for Healthcare Providers
Presenting symptoms typically include fever,headache,back pain,and the characteristic rash(皮疹);however,cases in the absence of fever has been reported.If healthcare providers identify patients with a rash that could be consistent with monkeypox,monkeypox should be considered as a possible cause,regardless of whether they have other risk factors for monkeypox.
◆Information on infection control in healthcare settings is provided on our CDC website.For more information,click Infection Control:Healthcare Settings.
◆Healthcare providers should first consult state health department or CDC through the CDC Emergency Operations Center(770-488-7100)as soon as monkeypox is suspected.
◆All samples should be sent through the state public health department.
Recommendations for Health Departments
◆If monkeypox is suspected,consult through the CDC Emergency Operations Center.
◆Collected samples can be sent to CDC or a Laboratory Response Network laboratory for testing.
28．What should you do if you contacted with a confirmed monkeypox case?
A．Report to your healthcare provider. B．Consult the state health department.
C．Call the Emergency Operations Center. D．Contact Laboratory Response Network.
29．Which of the following shows a high possibility of monkeypox?
A．The severe back pain. B．The sudden high fever.
C．The constant headache. D．The characteristic rash.
30．Where can the text be found?
A．In a travel brochure. B．In a medical journal.
C．On the CDC’s website. D．On the news broadcast.

Erhai Lake in Dali city is the second largest freshwater lake of Yunnan province. It’s a famous attraction, as well as Dali’s main source of drinking water.
The lake used to be seriously polluted due to the rapid development of tourism and the local economy. Since 2018, local authorities have been building an environmental protection system for the lake, the Erhai Lake Ecological Corridor (生态廊道), to protect it from being polluted and to improve local ecosystem. The project contains five parts: a 129-km road around the entire lake, a pipe system to stop waste water flowing into the like, the removal of 1,806 families who lived within the protection area, the protection of the lake’s wetlands and ecosystem, and the construction of experimental fields for wetland research.
By the end of 2020, the road around the lake had been basically completed. A 12-km part of the Corridor has been open to the public for free since September 2020 for a test operation. The Corridor is described as a “pearl necklace” surrounding the lake, with the villages located along the shore of Erhai Lake being the “pearls”. These villages benefit from the project financially, as they are linked and gain access to transportation and tourism around the lake.
According to staff members of the project, the lake’s water quality has already improved a lot during the construction of the Corridor. More wild birds fly to the lake and there is less unwanted plants in the water. It is also providing a good sight-seeing place for both the city’s residents and foreign tourists.
31．Why was the Erhai Lake Ecological Corridor built?
A．To protect the wild birds. B．To treat waste water.
C．To attract foreign tourists. D．To preserve local ecology.
32．Which of the following is involved in the project?
A．Encouraging residents to settle around Erhai.
B．Helping scientists conduct wetland research.
C．Removing the waste water from Erhai Lake.
D．Promoting construction in the protection area.
33．What do we know about the “pearls” from Paragraph 3?
A．They provide tourism opportunities. B．They focus on the pearl industry.
C．They bring benefits to the city area. D．They make a profit from the project.
34．What do staff members think of the project?
A．It works unexpectedly. B．It needs improving.
C．It turns out to be good. D．It brings side effects.

As the West dries out and heats up, wildfires get bigger and more destructive, officials tasked with preventing and battling the fires could soon have a new thing to add to their set of tools. The high tech help could come from an area not normally associated with fighting wild fires: artificial intelligence(AI).
Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company,based in Jefferson County, has decades of experience of managing satellites, exploring space and providing information for the US military. By generating more timely information about on-the ground conditions and running computer programs to process huge amounts of data,Lockheed Martin representatives say they can map the extent(范围)of a fire in minutes rather than the hours it can take now They say the AI that the company has applied to military use can improve predictions about a fires direction and speed.
“The situation that wildland firefighters work in is a dynamic environment with multiple activities and responsibilities,”said Dan Lordan, senior manager at Lockheed Martin’s Artificial Intelligence Center. Lockheed Martin aims to use its technology to reduce the time it takes to gather information and make decisions about wildfires.The quicker they can react, the faster they can control the fire and protect people’s properties and lives.
Lockheed is working with a software company to build a digital model of a wildfire based on an area’s topography(地形)condition of the plants wind and weather to help forecast where and how it will burn.After the 2020 Cameron Peak fire Colorado’s largest wildfire the company used the information about the fire, examined the more timely satellite data on fire conditions, and generated a model that was similar to the actual fire’s movement.
“Applying AI to fighting wildfires isn’t about taking people out of the field.” Lockheed Martin spokesman said.“Somebody will always be there,but people currently in the field are surrounded by so much data that they can’t sort through it fast enough.That’s where AI can help.”
35．What do we know about Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company?
A．It has good experience in fighting fires.
B．It works on the follow-up to firefighting.
C．It applied AI to its service for the first time
D．It has played positive roles in various fields.
36．What did Dan Lordan think of the work environment of wildfire fighters?
A．Quite controllable. B．Very stable.
C．Constantly changing. D．Perfectly safe.
37．What is AI used for when people fight wildfires?
A．Building models. B．Processing more data.
C．Replacing firefighters. D．Making final decisions.
38．Which is he most suitable title for the text?
A．AI is helping people fight wildfires
B．AI can fight wildfires automatically
C．AI is used to fight Colorado’s wildfires
D．AI replaces firemen in fighting wildfires











参考答案
1．A
2．A
3．B
4．B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍研究人员革新摄影捕捉设备，采用面部识别技术追踪甄别黄石国家公园的美洲狮。
1．词句猜测题。根据第一段划线词后句““Mountain lions are really hard to directly observe.” said Peter Alexander, a research biologist leading the research project.(“美洲狮真的很难直接观察到。”领导该研究项目的生物学家Peter Alexander说)”可知，美洲狮极难追踪识别。由此猜测划线词意为“很难追踪或探测到”。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段的“This lack of unique coloration (自然花纹) on the their body sides means researchers like Alexander can’t usually tell if one puma crosses a camera trap five times, or if five individual animals pass by.(它们身体两侧缺乏独特的颜色，这意味着像亚历山大这样的研究人员通常无法分辨一只美洲狮是否五次穿过摄像机陷阱，或者是否有五只单独的动物经过)”可知，造成原先的摄影追踪设备的问题主要是因为美洲狮身上的花纹缺乏区分度，即它们不引人注意的身体特征。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据第五段的“Alexander and his team added some devices to their camera traps so that when motion was detected, a puma kitten call was played. This noise reliably attracted passerby pumas so that they looked up long enough for the camera trap to grab a shot for facial recognition.(亚历山大和他的团队在他们的摄像机陷阱中添加了一些设备，这样当探测到运动时，就会播放美洲狮小狮子的叫声。这种噪音确实吸引了路过的美洲狮，所以它们抬头看了足够长的时间，以便捕捉到用于面部识别的镜头)”可知，添加的新设备的目的是，通过播放声音吸引美洲狮的注意力而拍摄其头脸部照片用于面部识别。故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Alexander says that this new camera trap method could be used for tracking other wild animals that lack distinguishing side colors but have unique features elsewhere.(亚历山大说，这种新的相机陷阱方法可以用于追踪其他缺乏明显侧色但在其他地方有独特特征的野生动物)”可知，Alexander认为新的设备可以被用于其它缺乏明显体貌特征的野生动物的甄别，即：它的应用前景广阔，故选B。
5．D
6．A
7．D
8．B

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一只名叫Rowdy的家养宠物猫在机场逃脱走失后，各方力量全力搜寻使其归家的故事。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段“Whether out of exhaustion or hunger we’ll never know, but this morning she finally let herself be caught. ”an airport spokesperson said. (一位机场发言人说：“无论是出于疲惫还是饥饿，我们永远不会知道，但今天早上她终于让自己被抓住了。”)”可知，Rowdy最后被抓到是它出于自己配合的意愿。故选D项。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段“I’m kind of in disbelief,” said her owner, Patty Sahli. “I thought, ‘What are the odds we’re actually going to get her back?’ But I got a call this morning and I am just so shocked. (“我有点不敢相信，”她的主人Patty Sahli说。“我想，‘我们把她找回来的几率有多大?’但是今天早上我接到了一个电话，我真的很震惊。”)”可知，Rowdy的主人Sahli认为不可能找到Rowdy，可得出Sahli本以为Rowdy会远离家庭。故选A项。
7．主旨大意题。第四段“Rowdy’s time on the run began June 24. Sahli and her husband, Rich, returned to the United States from 15 years in Germany with the Army. When their Lufthansa airlines flight landed, the 4-year-old black cat with green eyes escaped her cage. She was chasing some birds in the area.(Rowdy的逃亡时间从6月24日开始。萨莉和她的丈夫里奇在德国从军15年后回到美国。当汉莎航空公司的航班降落时，这只4岁的绿眼睛黑猫逃出了笼子。她在该地区追赶一些鸟。)”讲述Rowdy在机场逃脱的经过。故选D项。
8．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Her escape set off a big search involving airport and Lufthansa workers. Construction workers, and animal welfare experts got involved as well. They used wildlife cameras and safe-release traps in an attempt to catch Rowdy.(她的逃跑引发了一场涉及机场和汉莎航空员工的大搜索。建筑工人和动物福利专家也参与其中。他们使用野生动物摄像机和安全释放陷阱试图抓住罗迪。)”可知，Rowdy的本次搜救工作动员了多方力量联合参与。故选B项。
9．B
10．D
11．C
12．D

【导语】本文为一篇说明文。讲述了澳大利亚既是一个国家也是一个大陆的原因，表明其独特性。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“A country is defined as “a nation with its own government, occupying a particular territory,” and since 1901, the Commonwealth of Australia—as it’s officially known—has fit that description.”（一个国家被定义为‘一个拥有自己政府，占据某一特定领土的国家’，自1901年起，官方所称的澳大利亚联邦就符合这一描述。）可知，1901年澳大利亚联邦的成立使其满足成为一个国家的条件，故选B。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段“There’s no scientific definition used to categorize continents. They tend to be large land masses with their own tectonic plates (地壳板块) , and isolated enough to produce unique cultures and plant and animal populations. These aren’t hard and fast rules, however.”（没有科学的定义来对大陆进行分类。它们往往具有自己的板块构造，足够独立，可以产生独特的文化和动植物种群。然而，并没有硬性的规定。）可知，判定大陆的条件不一定得遵循一成不变的标准，故选D。
11．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Australia’s distinctiveness carries a lot of weight here. Its isolated location allowed it to support native groups of people with distinct cultures as well as wildlife that can’t be found elsewhere on the planet. The native cultures and animals of Greenland, however, can also be found throughout the Arctic.”（澳大利亚的独特性在这里很重要。它与世隔绝的地理位置使它能够支持具有不同文化的土著群体，以及在地球上其他地方找不到的野生动物。然而，格陵兰岛的本土文化和动物也遍及北极。）可知，格陵兰岛不具备作为独立大陆的原因是不具备文化和动物物种的独特性，故选C。
12．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“The Land Down Under is also the only place on Earth that qualifies as both a country and a continent.”（The Land Down Under（澳大利亚的别称）是地球上唯一一个同时具备国家和大陆资格的地方。）可知，本文主要围绕着澳大利亚既是一个国家也是一个大路展开，讲述其原因，D项“为什么澳大利亚既是一个国家也是一个大陆？”符合文意，故选D。
13．B
14．A
15．C

【导语】这是一篇应用文。本文简要介绍了世界上四个城市的名字变更史。
13．细节理解题。根据Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam部分的“Saigon became Ho Chi Minh City in 1975 when it joined the Gia Dinh Province of Vietnam after the end of the Vietnam War(1975年，越南战争结束后，西贡加入越南的Gia Dinh省，成为胡志明市)”可知，Ho Chi Minh City的曾用名为Saigon。故选B。
14． 细节理解题。根据Istanbul, Turkey部分的“The city went by this name or variations of it even after the Ottomans took it over in 1453(即使在1453年奥斯曼人接管后，这座城市还是沿用了这个名字或其变体)”可知，奥斯曼于1453年占领了现在的伊斯坦布尔。故选A。
15．细节理解题。根据Oslo, Norway部分的“A fire destroyed the city of Oslo in 1624, during King Christian Ⅳ’s rule.(1624年，一场大火摧毁了国王克里斯蒂安四世统治时期的奥斯陆市)”可知，King Christian Ⅳ曾经统治过挪威。故选C。
16．A
17．C
18．B
19．C

【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文主要讲述了关于社交媒体与抑郁症之间的一些研究调查，强调了其之间的因果复杂性。
16．细节理解题。根据第二段的“Sometimes, looking through Instagram just makes you feel bad. You try not to envy your friends, but they always seem to be traveling somewhere cool, eating something fancy, or looking cute in perfect just-rolled-out-of-bed hair.( 有时候，浏览社交平台会让你感觉很糟糕。你努力不去羡慕你的朋友们，但是他们似乎总是在某个很酷的地方旅行，吃着精致的食物，或者刚从床上卷起来的完美发型看起来很可爱)”可知，浏览社交网站看到朋友的令人羡慕的内容，会使自己感到心理不平衡而心情糟糕。故选A项。
17．推理判断题。根据第三段的“In July, a big study came out in the journal JAMA titled “Association of Screen Time and Depression in Adolescence.” This big headline seems to confirm what a lot of people have been saying-screen time is horrible for young people.( 今年7月，《美国医学会杂志》(JAMA)发表了一项名为《屏幕时间与青春期抑郁的关系》的大型研究。这个大标题似乎证实了很多人一直在说的——屏幕时间对年轻人来说是可怕的)”可知该文章证实了屏幕时间对年轻人来说是可怕的，从而支持了本段论点：People are increasingly suspect that there’re the potential problems of social media.( 人们越来越怀疑社交媒体的潜在问题)，故推知，提及该文章是为了证明论点。故选C项。
18．细节理解题。根据文章第四段的“One of their main findings was that higher amounts of social media use were associated with higher levels of depression. ( 他们的主要发现之一是，使用社交媒体的次数越多，抑郁症的程度越高)”可知，使用社交媒体的频率与抑郁症程度有关。故选B项。
19．主旨大意题。根据文章体裁为议论文，首段提出本文话题：Is there a link between social media and depression? Do Facebook and Instagram have a negative impact on your mental health? It’s complicated.( 社交媒体和抑郁症之间有联系吗?Facebook和社交平台对你的心理健康有负面影响吗?它是复杂的)可知，本文主要讨论了关于社交媒体与抑郁症之间的一些研究调查，强调了其之间的因果复杂性。选项C. Does social media cause depression?( 社交媒体会导致抑郁症吗?)贴合主旨要义，为最佳标题。故选C项。
20．A
21．C
22．B
23．B

【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了一种非传统的生物燃料资源B20，将柴油与从废咖啡渣中提取的油混合，这种生物燃料资源将为伦敦的公交车提供动力，以减少公交系统的二氧化碳排放。
20．推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“It is reported that London’s buses will soon be powered in part by a newly developed biofuel, one that mixes diesel (柴油) with oils removed from spent coffee grounds, to reduce carbon dioxide emissions (排放) from its bus transport system.”（据报道，伦敦的公交车很快将部分由一种新开发的生物燃料提供动力，这种生物燃料将柴油与从废咖啡渣中提取的油混合，以减少公交系统的二氧化碳排放。）可知，伦敦的公交车将部分由一种新开发的生物燃料提供动力，以减少公交系统的二氧化碳排放，由此可推断出，伦敦的公交车使用生物燃料是为了减少二氧化碳排放，改善大气质量。故选A项。
21．细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“Recycling technology firm Bio-Bean collects used coffee grounds from major coffee producers across the UK, and removes the oils from them. Then it’s mixed into B20 biodiesel, with 20% biofuel and 80% conventional diesel.”（回收技术公司Bio Bean从英国主要咖啡生产商那收集用过的咖啡渣，并从中去除油脂。然后将其与B20生物柴油混合，其中20%为生物燃料，80%为传统柴油。）可知，B20生物柴油中20%为生物燃料，80%为传统柴油，由此可知，B20是生物燃料和柴油的混合物。故选C项。
22．词义猜测题。根据画线单词上句“Coffee waste is becoming an almost unlimited resource, considering London’s citizens alone create 200,000 tons of coffee grounds every year. As more and more Britons switch from tea to coffee…”（考虑到仅伦敦市民每年就产生20万吨咖啡渣，咖啡垃圾几乎成为一种无限的资源。随着越来越多的英国人从茶转向咖啡……）可知，仅伦敦市民每年就产生20万吨咖啡渣，并且越来越多的英国人从喝茶转向喝咖啡，由此可知，产生咖啡渣的数量还会增长，“Increase”意为“增长，增加”，能够表达画线单词在句中所要表达的意思。故选B项。
23．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第二段关键句“It is reported that London’s buses will soon be powered in part by a newly developed biofuel, one that mixes diesel (柴油) with oils removed from spent coffee grounds, to reduce carbon dioxide emissions (排放) from its bus transport system.”（据报道，伦敦的公交车很快将部分由一种新开发的生物燃料提供动力，这种生物燃料将柴油与从废咖啡渣中提取的油混合，以减少公交系统的二氧化碳排放。）可知，本文主要介绍了一种非传统的生物燃料资源B20，将柴油与从废咖啡渣中提取的油混合，这种生物燃料资源将为公交车提供动力，以减少公交系统的二氧化碳排放，由此可知，本文主要介绍了一种非传统的生物燃料资源。故选B项。
24．D
25．B
26．A
27．C

【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者通过参加一个每月组织的读书小组和周围的人建立有意义的联系，并建立了NSL和成员分享观点，从他人的经历中了解到了不同的世界。
24．推理判断题。根据第一段的“One thing that many find missing from their routine, however, is a way to connect with friends outside of the normal conversations, or with colleagues in a more meaningful way.(然而，许多人发现他们的日常生活中缺少一件事，那就是在正常交谈之外与朋友或与同事以一种更有意义的方式联系的方式)”以及第二段的“Our solution was to make time for a monthly book group.(我们的解决办法是每月抽出时间参加一个读书小组)”推知，每月一次的读书小组的目的是与周围的人建立有意义的联系。故选D。
25．细节理解题。根据第三段的“And so, almost three years ago, we sat down over pizza and created the foundation for Never Stop Learning (NSL). The idea was to make sure that all members’ shared views could be received in a convenient setting.(所以，差不多三年前，我们坐下来吃披萨，为“永不停止学习”（NSL）创立了基金会。这个想法是为了确保所有成员的共同观点都能在一个方便的环境中被接受)”可知，基金会希望每个成员的观点都被听到。故选B。
26．推理判断题。根据第四段的“Since that initial brainstorming lunch, we have started an incredible list of almost 300 experts ranging from journalists just coming back from coverage in the disaster-stricken areas, to scientists studying the latest CRISPR, to lecturers teaching the art of persuasion. These brilliant speakers cover topics from global affairs to technology and arts. An hour with any of them and you will be guaranteed to see the world a little differently.(自最初的头脑风暴午餐会以来，我们已经开始了一份由近300名专家组成的令人难以置信的名单，其中有刚从灾区报道回来的记者，有研究最新CRISPR的科学家，还有教授说服艺术的讲师。这些杰出的演讲者涵盖了从全球事务到技术和艺术的话题。与他们中的任何一个人相处一小时，保证你看到的世界会有所不同)”推知，NSL的成员都乐于接受新观点，从他人的经历中看到不一样的世界。故选A。
27．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了作者通过参加一个每月组织的读书小组和周围的人建立有意义的联系，并建立了NSL和成员分享观点，从他人的经历中了解到了不同的世界。由此可知，C项“NSL：从不同的角度看世界”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选C。
28．A
29．D
30．C

【导语】本文是篇说明文。目前疾控中心的科学家们正在追踪多起猴痘病例，疾控中心和医疗官员们也在合作筛查与确诊案例有过接触的人员。文章就该疾病方面的相关信息和要求，分别对个人、医护人员及医疗部门给出了介绍和建议。
28．细节理解题。根据“contacted with a person with confirmed monkeypox.”（与确诊猴痘病例有接触）可知，本题答案在第一个黑体句的大段里；由该段中“People should contact their healthcare provider if they:”（人们应该联系他们的医护人员，如果他们：）可知，如果你接触过猴痘确诊病例，应该向你的医护人员汇报。故选A。
29．细节理解题。根据第一个黑体句段落中第六段“If healthcare providers identify patients with a rash that could be consistent with monkeypox,monkeypox should be considered as a possible cause,regardless of whether they have other risk factors for monkeypox.”（如果医护人员鉴定有皮疹的病人可能与猴痘症状一致，那么猴痘应该可能就是皮疹的原因，不用管他们是否有其它因猴痘而造成的风险因素。）可知，只要是有皮疹的症状，就很有可能得了猴痘。故选D。
30．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“For more information on exposure risk,click Monitoring Persons Exposed.”（更多关于接触风险的信息，点击Monitoring Persons Exposed）和第二个黑体句大段中的第二段“Information on infection control in healthcare settings is provided on our CDC website.For more information,click Infection Control:Healthcare Settings.”（有关医疗机构疫情防控的信息在我们CDC网站上提供，更多信息点击Infection Control:Healthcare Settings。）可知，本文可在CDC网站上找到。故选C。
31．D
32．B
33．D
34．C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍“洱海生态廊道”在改善洱海生态环境方面所起的积极作用。
31．细节理解题。根据第二段的“The lake used to be seriously polluted due to the rapid development of tourism and the local economy. Since 2018, local authorities have been building an environmental protection system for the lake, the Erhai Lake Ecological Corridor (生态廊道), to protect it from being polluted and to improve local ecosystem.(由于旅游业和当地经济的快速发展，该湖曾经受到严重污染。自2018年以来，地方当局一直在为洱海建设一个环境保护系统，即洱海生态廊道，保护其免受污染并改善当地生态系统)”可知，建立洱海生态廊道的目的是保护当地生态系统。故选D。
32．细节理解题。根据第二段的“The project contains five parts: a 129-km road around the entire lake, a pipe system to stop waste water flowing into the like, the removal of 1,806 families who lived within the protection area, the protection of the lake’s wetlands and ecosystem, and the construction of experimental fields for wetland research.(该项目包括五个部分：一条129公里的环湖公路、一个阻止废水流入的管道系统、1806户居住在保护区内的家庭的搬迁、保护湖泊的湿地和生态系统，以及建设湿地研究的实验场)”并结合选项可知，B项“协助科学家进行湿地研究”包含在该项目中。故选B。
33．细节理解题。根据第三段的“The Corridor is described as a “pearl necklace” surrounding the lake, with the villages located along the shore of Erhai Lake being the “pearls”. These villages benefit from the project financially, as they are linked and gain access to transportation and tourism around the lake.(走廊被描述为环绕湖泊的“珍珠项链”，洱海沿岸的村庄是“珍珠”。这些村庄在经济上受益于该项目，因为它们相互联系，并获得了环湖交通和旅游的机会)”可知，“珍珠”指的是洱海沿岸的村庄，这些村庄因该项目获得了环湖交通和发展旅游业的机会，因此这些村庄受益于该项目。故选D。
34．推理判断题。根据最后一段“According to staff members of the project, the lake’s water quality has already improved a lot during the construction of the Corridor. More wild birds fly to the lake and there is less unwanted plants in the water. It i also providing a good sight-seeing place for both the city’s residents and foreign tourists.(据该项目的工作人员介绍，在走廊建设期间，该湖的水质已经改善了很多。更多的野鸟飞到湖里，水中不需要的植物也更少了。它也为城市居民和外国游客提供了一个很好的观光场所)”推知，工作人员认为该项目很好。故选C。
35．D
36．C
37．B
38．A

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了美国西部野火连年不止，为了更快地发现和扑灭野火，人们使用了人工智能。
35．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company,based in Jefferson County,has decades of experience of managing satellites, exploring space and providing information for the US military.(Lockheed Martin太空系统公司，位于杰斐逊县，在管理卫星、探索太空和为美国军方提供信息方面拥有数十年的经验。)”可知Lockheed Martin太空系统公司在管理卫星、探索太空和为美国军方提供信息方面拥有数十年的经验，即在各种各样的领域都发挥了积极作用；故选D项。
36．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中““The situation that wildland firefighters work in is a dynamic environment with multiple activities and responsibilities,”said Dan Lordan, senior manager at Lockheed Martin’s Artificial Intelligence Center.(Lockheed Martin’s Artificial人工智能中心的高级经理Dan Lordan说：“野外消防员工作的环境是动态的，有多种行动和责任。”)”可知Dan Lordan认为野外消防员的工作环境是动态的，有多种行动和责任，即环境是不断变化的；故选C项。
37．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段““Applying AI to fighting wildfires isn’t about taking people out of the field.” Lockheed Martin spokesman said.“Somebody will always be there,but people currently in the field are surrounded by so much data that they can’t sort through it fast enough.That’s where AI can help.”(Lockheed Martin 公司的发言人说：“将人工智能应用于扑灭野火并不是让人们离开野外。”“总会有人在那里，但目前从事该领域的人被太多的数据包围，他们无法足够快地从中分类。这就是人工智能能帮上忙的地方。”)”可知人工智能用于扑灭野火，主要是能帮助人们分拣诸多的数据，即帮助人们处理更多的数据；故选B项。
38．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章第一段为主旨段，提到人们正在使用人工智能帮助扑灭野火的情况，而文章接下来的段落都是围绕着人工智能被用于扑灭野火这一情况来进行具体阐述的，故选项“AI is helping people fight wildfires(人工智能正在帮助人们扑灭野火)”适合作为本文标题；故选A项。