高考英语全程考评 特训卷 课下天天练三十六 含解析

这是一份高考英语全程考评 特训卷 课下天天练三十六 含解析，共11页。
课下天天练(三十六)　40分阅读提分练姓名________　班级________　考号________　时间：40分钟阅读(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A[2022·大连高三测试]Volunteer OpportunitiesVolunteers are a vital part of our mission of providing high­quality environmental educational programmes for the local youth, Hudson River research, and community events. We are currently seeking volunteers for the following positions：•Education Assistant—Assist education staff with everyday school work, after­school environmental clubs and community group visits every Wednesday afternoon.•Marsh (沼泽) Assistant—Help maintain riverfront marsh on Thursdays and Saturdays. Work on occasional marsh repairs including the removal of foreign species of plants and the clean­up of rubbish. (Seasonal) •Research Assistant—Participate in water quality monitoring, the sea life study, and other projects as they are developed. Eight hours each week on workdays.•Aquaria (水族馆) Assistant—Provide care for the center's collection of aquatic wildlife including tank maintenance and animal feeding at the weekend.Volunteer positions are available throughout the year! Previous experience is not required.Training will be provided upon the start of volunteer service. For more information about our volunteer programs as well as single­day volunteer events, call (914) 377­1900 or visit www. centerfortheurbanriver. org.1．What does the Education Assistant need to do?A.Help with school routine.B．Give lectures after school.C．Coach students in sports clubs.D．Visit poor students' communities.2．If you are busy on weekdays, which volunteer position is probably suitable for you?A.Education Assistant.        B．Marsh Assistant.C．Research Assistant.        D．Aquaria Assistant.3．What's required to be one of the volunteers?A．Working experience.B．Academic training.C．Concern for the environment.D．Around­the­clock availability.B[2022·河北高三六校联考]Not long ago, Linda Khan was sitting by a hospital bed in Houston, feeling ill at ease. Beside her lay her father who needed heart surgery. The two of them had engaged in nothing but depressing small talk. Then, her eyes fell on a pile of books. She picked up one, and started to read it out loud. “Right away it changed the mood and atmosphere，” she says. Reading gave the daughter a way to connect with her father. Listening allowed the father to travel on the sound of his daughter's voice into a place where he felt himself again. “From then on，” Khan says, “I always read to him.”In a 2010 survey in the United Kingdom, elderly adults who joined weekly read­aloud groups reported better concentration, less anxiety, and an improved ability to socialize. The survey authors owed these improvements in large part to the “rich, varied diet of serious literature” that group members consumed, with fiction encouraging feelings of relaxation and calm, poetry fostering focused concentration, and narratives giving rise to cognitive (认知的) thoughts, feelings, and memories. In truth, almost any kind of reading to another person can be beneficial.Readers get rewards too. For Neil Bush, the late­life hospitalization of his famous parents, George H．W. and Barbara Bush, became opportunities to repay a debt of gratitude. “When I was a kid, they would read to me，” he said. With his parents in and out of care, “We've been reading books about Dad's foreign policy and, more recently, Mom's autobiography.” Bush went on, his voice thick with emotion, “And to read their amazing life to them has been a remarkable blessing to me, personally, as their son.”To many people, reading to parents may seem so far outside the normal range of regular activities, and it may even feel odd and improper. However, there are still many people who brave the momentary strangeness of reading to elderly adults and both readers and listeners are, to borrow a phrase from Wordsworth, surprised by the joy of it.4．What did reading offer to Linda and her father?A．A way to establish a bond.B．A way to travel together in reality.C．A way to treat the disease.D．A way to engage in learning.5．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?A．Improvements in mental health.B．Benefits of reading to others.C．Changes in the cognitive process.D．Development of social skills.6．What does Neil Bush's experience prove?A．Reading benefits more than the listener.B．Parents should read more to their kids.C．Children  should show their gratitude.D．Reading to parents is children's duty.7．How does the author feel about reading to an elderly adult?A．Improper and odd.B．Abnormal but worthy.C．Rewarding and joyful.D．Interesting but unnecessary.C[2022·青岛高中质量检测]Nobody wants to snack on plastic bags or soda rings, but according to a recent study from the University of Newcastle, we could be consuming roughly a credit card's worth of plastic every week.Microplastics, which are less than a quarter­inch size and come in various shapes, have polluted the natural world and infiltrated (渗入) our bodies. The first clue to microplastic exposure in humans came around 2013, when scientists discovered plastic particles in seafood prepared for consumption. But in 2019, when the University of Newcastle study was published, the scientific community understood that the problem was considerably broader. Microplastics shed off clothes and tires and have been found in beer, honey, table salt and other food items. We breathe in plastic staying in the air and drink plastic floating in our drinks. It's no stretch to conclude that our exposure is significant. What we don't know is what this means for us.The amount of evidence collected on this__subject is growing rapidly, according to Scott Coffin, a toxicologist (毒理学家). Studies done on mice and rats have found that plastic in their bodies can severely damage cells and cause stress.Because microplastics are too small to clean up, the only solution is to stop plastic waste at the source. And doing so would take a thorough adjustment, given that plastic is deeply embedded in our economy and lifestyle. Stopping using them would fundamentally affect countless industries, including textiles (纺织业), transportation and manufacturing.“I think we need to have more studies coming out that are directly related to human health before we see a lot more concern from the general public，” Scott said. “It takes a lot to convince people that something that is really convenient for them to use is something they should sacrifice.”  The question of microplastics and human health needs more attention—from the scientific community, the general public, the government and funding groups. The issue isn't being ignored, but it's not being prioritized either.8．What does the second paragraph mainly tell us about microplastics?A．Their wide usage in daily life.B．Their harm to human health.C．Their significant exposure in humans.D．The new study conducted on them.9．What does the underlined part “this subject” refer to?A．The way that microplastics exist.B．The pollution caused by microplastics.C．The relationship between microplastics and human health.D．The reason for the existence of microplastics.10．How to solve the problem according to Scott?A．To cut down plastic production.B．To carry out more studies on mice and rats.C.To invent something more convenient than plastic.D．To promote people's awareness on the harm brought by microplastic.11．Which of the following is a suitable title for the passage?A．Is microplastic pollution harmful to our health?B．Why is microplastic pollution everywhere?C．Why is plastic harmful?D．What do you know about microplastics?D[2022·南昌市模拟]The team, led by Michael T．Tolley, a professor of mechanical engineering at the Jacobs School of Engineering at UC San Diego, details its findings in the Feb. 17, 2021 issue of the journal Science Robotics.“This work represents a fundamental yet significant step towards fully­autonomous, electronics­free walking robots，” said Dylan Drotman, a PhD student in Tolley's research group and the paper's first author.Applications include low­cost robots for entertainment, such as toys, and robots that can operate in environments where electronics cannot function, such as MRI machines. Soft robots are of particular interest because they easily adapt to their environment and operate safely near humans.Most soft robots are powered by air and are controlled by electronic circuits. But this approach requires complex components like circuit boards, valves (阀门) and pumps—often outside the robot's body. These Components, which make up the robot's brain and nervous system, are typically large and expensive. By contrast, the UC San Diego robot is controlled by a lightweight, low­cost system of air­powered circuits, made up of tubes and soft valves, on board the robot itself. The robot can walk on command or in response to signals it senses from the environment. “With our approach, you could make a very complex robotic Brain，” said Tolley, the study's senior author. “Our focus here was to make the simplest air­powered nervous system needed to control walking.”In the future, researchers want to improve the robot's ways to walk so it can walk on natural fields and uneven surfaces. This would allow the robot to navigate over a variety of obstacles (障碍). This would require a more complicated network of sensors and as a result a more complex air­powered system. The team will also look at how the technology could be used to create robots, which are in part controlled by air­powered circuits for some functions, such as walking.12．What is the achievement of the team's study?A．Their robots can walk a huge step.B．Their robots work following commands.C．Their study gets their electronics for free.D．They find a new technique in walking robots.13．What can the team's robots be applied to from the passage?A．Toy companies' products. B．Environmental protection.C．Human safety.      D．Factories without workers.14．What will the researchers probably do?A．Change the way of power. B. Help robots walk as humans.C．Improve robots to avoid obstacles.D. Build a network to control robots.15．What is the passage mainly talking about?A．The introduction to electronics­free walking robots.B．The functions of newly­developed robots.C．The applications of soft walking robots.D．The ways to improve traditional robots.第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。[2022·山西名校测评]Will you raise your hands to speak actively, or do you just remain a quiet listener in class? It's not unusual for teens to avoid answering questions in front of others because they are too shy or too afraid of being mistaken. Sometimes, however, a lack of self­confidence can arise from feelings of insecurity. __1__. But remember it's a normal feeling that you can and should change!__2__．If you have a fear that people will see your shortcomings, you will find it difficult to assert yourself. In building self­confidence, your first goal is to develop a realistic understanding of your strengths and weaknesses.  You'll have to take a tough first step and look inside yourself.Celebrate your strengths.It's not sufficient to identify your weaknesses  or your problem areas. __3__. You can get down to doing this by making a big list of things you have accomplished and the things you do well.  Have you ever spared the time to explore your strengths? You were born with some natural talent, whether you have discovered it or not.  Are you artistic? Can you organize things? Do you navigate well? If you can do any of them well, you have traits to cherish!Change your behaviour.__4__， which will help you fight off feelings of negativity. Exercise and get enough sleep. Compliment others on their strengths and you will find that other people will return the favour and compliment you give.  All these behavioural traits improve our moods.Use a third person approach.There is an interesting study that shows that there may be a trick to meet our behavioural goals more quickly.  The trick? __5__， or when you go through the process of enhancing your self­image and building up your self­confidence.A．You also have great aspects about yourself that you are supposed to exploreB．Sometimes we have awful feelings about ourselves and we often bury them deep insideC．Understand the cause for your lack of self­confidenceD．Think of yourself as someone else as you evaluate your progressE．But it is healthy to root out something hidden deep inside and work through itF．Never lose faith in your own strengths and potentialG．You can increase self­confidence by adjusting yourself, such as smiling more课下天天练(三十六)　40分阅读提分练第一节A语篇类型：应用文　主题语境：人与社会——广告——志愿者招募广告【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了几个志愿者工作——教育助理、沼泽助理、研究助理和水族馆助理。1．答案与解析：A　考查理解具体信息的能力。根据Education Assistant部分中的“Assist education staff with everyday school work”可知，教育助理需要协助教职工做好学校的日常工作，故A项正确。2．答案与解析：D　考查理解具体信息的能力。根据Aquaria (水族馆) Assistant部分中的“Provide care for...at the weekend”可知，水族馆助理需要在周末上班，故适合工作日较忙的人，所以D项正确。3．答案与解析：C　考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第一段中的“Volunteers are a vital part of our mission of providing high­quality environmental educational programmes”可知，志愿者需要关爱环境，故C项正确。B语篇类型：记叙文　主题语境：人与社会——人际关系——为年迈的父母读书【语篇解读】　Linda的父亲即将进行心脏病手术，可是她和父亲的交流很令人沮丧。之后她开始为父亲读书，这改变了氛围，缓和了父女俩的关系。其实，给年迈的父母读书会给双方都带来乐趣。4．答案与解析：A　考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第一段中的“Reading gave...connect with her father”可知，阅读成了Linda和她的父亲之间建立亲密关系的一种方式，故A项正确。5．答案与解析：B　考查理解段落主旨要义的能力。通读第二段可知，该段第一句为主旨句，再结合该段尾句“In truth, almost any kind of reading...can be beneficial”可知，该段主要陈述了给其他人阅读的好处，故B项正确。6．答案与解析：A　考查推断的能力。根据第三段第一句可知，给他人阅读的一方也会有所收获；根据第三段尾句可知，能够给父母读他们的人生经历对他来说也是一件幸事。据此可以判断，不仅仅是倾听者，读的一方也能从阅读中获益。故A项正确。7．答案与解析：C　考查理解观点、态度的能力。根据第三段第一句“Readers get rewards too”可知，读的一方在阅读时会得到回报；再根据尾段尾句中的“the joy of it”可知，为年迈的人阅读会令人愉快，故C项正确。C语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与社会——研究发现——微塑料威胁人类健康【语篇解读】　没有人想以塑料为食，但微塑料——塑料的微小颗粒——因其体积小、形式多样，已经深深地渗入到我们生活中的各个方面。研究表明，微塑料会破坏细胞、造成压力。对待微塑料问题，应从源头做彻底的调整，不能完全禁止。与此同时，还要提高公众健康意识，牺牲微塑料给人类生活带来的便利性。8．答案与解析：C　考查理解段落主旨要义的能力。根据第二段内容尤其是“The first clue to microplastic exposure”可知，微塑料已经渗入到我们的体内，例如：海产品、啤酒、蜂蜜、食盐、呼吸的空气、饮料等。故第二段主要告知我们人类接触微塑料的情况很显著。故C项正确。9．答案与解析：C　考查理解词汇的能力。前两段讲述微塑料已经渗入到我们的体内，存在形式多样，在人类生活中几乎无处不在，再结合全文讲微塑料和健康的关系可推知，画线词所在句应是，关于微塑料和人类健康的关系的证据越来越多。故C项正确。10．答案与解析：D　考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第五段尾句可知，Scott认为，人们应该牺牲因便利而使用的塑料，但要让人们相信这一点，需要做很多工作。即要解决这个问题，需要提高人们关于微塑料带给人们的伤害的意识。故D项正确。11．答案与解析：A　考查理解文章主旨要义的能力。本文主要讲述微塑料已经渗入到我们生活中的各个方面，危害着我们的健康。故可用“微塑料污染危害我们的健康吗？”作本文的标题。故A项正确。【方法指导】本题可采用排除法和倒推法选出答案。B项“为什么微塑料污染无处不在？”；C项“为什么塑料有害？”；本文主要讲的不是原因，故排除B和C。若D项“关于微塑料你了解什么？”正确，那么，文中极有可能涉及微塑料的优点，毕竟万物皆有两面性，但本文无任何介绍其优点的信息，故D项不选。D语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与社会——科学与技术——行走机器人新技术及其应用【语篇解读】　加州大学圣地亚哥分校研发的机器人由一个重量轻、成本低的空气动力电路系统控制，可应用在多种操作环境中，如玩具、核磁共振成像机器等。本文重点介绍了有关该机器人的研究发现的内容。12．答案与解析：D　考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第一段中的“details its findings in the Feb. 17, 2021 issue”和第二段中的“‘This work represents a fundamental... electronics­free walking robots’”可知，研究小组发现了行走机器人的新技术，该技术代表了行走机器人迈向全自动、无电子行走的重要一步。故D项正确。13．答案与解析：A　考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第三段第一句中的“Applications include low­cost robots for entertainment, such as toys”可知，该技术可以用于低成本的娱乐机器人，如玩具等。据此可知，该技术可以用于玩具公司的产品，故A项正确。14．答案与解析：C　考查推断的能力。根据尾段前两句“In the future... walk on natural fields and uneven surfaces... obstacles(障碍)”可知，研究人员希望将来改进机器人的行走方式，以使其能够在自然场地和凹凸不平的表面上行走，这会让机器人翻越障碍物。据此可以推知，未来研究人员将改进机器人以避免撞到障碍物。故C项正确。15．答案与解析：A　考查理解主旨要义的能力。通读全文可知，文章第二段阐述了全文的主旨。结合下文内容可知，本文主要介绍了行走机器人的新技术及其应用，故A项正确。第二节语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与自我——完善自我——增强自信心【语篇解读】　对青少年来说，在别人面前避免回答问题并不罕见，因为他们太害羞或太害怕出错。有些时候，缺乏自信可能源于没有安全感。本文介绍了从自身做起，做出一些改变，从而增强自信的方法。1．答案与解析：B　考查上下文衔接。空后一句指出这是一种你能够且应该改变的正常情绪，结合语境可知，此处应说明缺乏自信心可能对你产生的影响，故B项符合语境。2．答案与解析：C　考查段落小标题。本段第一句提到如果你担心人们会看到你的缺点，你会发现很难坚定地表达自己的意见，本段后两句介绍了针对这种情况建立自信的第一步——审视自我。由此可知，本段与理解缺乏自信的原因有关，故C项符合语境。3．答案与解析：A　考查上下文衔接。根据本段的小标题可知，此段主旨是为你的优点喝彩。根据空前内容“认识到你的缺点或是问题所在还不够”和空后叙述的探索你自己的优点可知，A项符合语境。4．答案与解析：G　考查上下文衔接。本段主要列举了改变自身行为的一些做法。而G项内容“你可以通过调整自己例如多微笑等来增强自信”，与下文中的“锻炼并获得足够睡眠”以及“赞赏别人的优点”都属于具体的做法，故G项符合语境。5．答案与解析：D　考查上下文衔接。结合本段的小标题可知本段主要讲了用第三者的角度来看待问题。D项中的“someone else”与本段小标题中的“a third person”相呼应，故D项符合语境。