高考英语全程考评 特训卷 课下天天练十六 含解析

这是一份高考英语全程考评 特训卷 课下天天练十六 含解析，共12页。
课下天天练(十六)　阅读语言运用组合练姓名________　班级________　考号________　时间：45分钟Ⅰ.阅读理解A[2022·济南外国语模拟]Joseph Francis Charles Rock (1884－1962) was an Austrian­American explorer, botanist, and anthropologist (人类学家). For more than 25 years, he travelled extensively through Tibet and Yunnan, Gansu, and Sichuan provinces in China before finally leaving in 1949.In 1924, Harvard sent Joseph Francis Rock on a treasure hunt through China's southwestern provinces—the  Wild West of their day. But gold and silver weren't his task: Rock, a distinguished botanist, sought only to fill his bags with all the seeds, saplings, and shrubs he could find. During his three­year expedition, he collected 20，000 specimens for the Arnold Arboretum (阿诺德植物园).Botany, though, was just one of Rock's strengths. As an ethnologist (民族学者), he took hundreds of photographs of the Naxi, a tribe in Yunnan Province, recording their now­lost way of life for both Harvard and National Geographic, and  took notes for an eventual 500­page dictionary of their language. His hand­drawn map of his travels through China's “Cho­Ni” territory, in the Harvard Map Collection, includes  more than a thousand rivers, towns, and mountains indicated in both English and Chinese, and was so well made that the U．S. government used it to plan aerial missions in World War Ⅱ.Scientist, linguist, cartographer, photographer, writer—Rock was not a wallflower in any sense. Arrogant and self­possessed, he would walk into a village or warlord's place “as if he owned the place，” said Lisa Pearson, the Arboretum's  head librarian.In declaring his successful return under the headline “Seeking Strange Flowers, in the Far Reaches of the World”， the Boston Evening transcript ran a large photo   of the daring explorer wearing in a woolly coat and fox­skin hat.  “In discussing his heroism including hair­raising escapes from death either from mountain slides, snow slides and robber armies，he waves the idea away as if it is of no importance.”The Arboretum and Rock parted ways after 1927, mainly because his trip cost Harvard a fortune—about $ 900，000 in today's dollars. Fortunately, many of his specimens, many of his amazing photos, and his great stories remain.1．What is the passage mainly about?A．Rock's service for the U．S government.B．Rock's cooperation with Harvard.C．Rock's work as a botanist.D．Rock's exploration in Southwest China.2．What contribution did Rock make to the USA besides collecting new plants and specimens?A．He travelled through some uncivilized places in China.B．His hand­drawn map was used in WW Ⅱ.C．He showed heroism by escaping difficulties.D．He made headlines in Boston Evening News.3．How did Rock respond when people mentioned his heroic deeds?  A．Excitedly.    B．Proudly.C．Calmly.      D．Nervously.4．What caused Rock to stop work for The Arboretum?A．The vast expense.B．The dangerous journey.C．The challenging tasks.D．The unknown world.B[2022·江西六校联考]It is quite apparent that competition surrounds every aspect of human life whether in the United States or the Amazon rainforest. Without it we would not have grown into primates (灵长目动物). Or we would probably still be struggling to sharpen a bronze tool while crawling around on four legs in search of meat. Without competition, Columbus wouldn't have discovered America and Edison would never have invented the light bulb.Friendships, like all relationships between two people, involve competition. It isn't competition in a traditional sense because there are no goals to be scored and no prize. Perhaps the ecological definition—the simultaneous (同时的) demand by two or more organisms for limited environmental resources, such as nutrients, living space, or light—better explains it.As in nature, high school life is governed by a set of laws, similar to a shortened version of Darwin's theory of evolution, overpopulation, and competition. There are lots of high school students and to distinguish them, ranking and categorizing take place. In high school, friendships learn to coexist with competition even though at times the relationship is rough. In fact, in some circumstances, competition is too much of a burden for a friendship to bear, causing it to fall apart. College admission is the final high school objective. Four years of hard work is to achieve good grades, and a student's fate is determined not only by these achievements, but by the records of thousands of other seniors trying to achieve a similar recognition.Nevertheless, by necessity, competition between students exists in all aspects of high school life. It sets and improves the standards in everything from sports to schoolwork. Healthy, friendly competition can have only benefits, but when it becomes too fierce, jealousy (妒忌) can tear friendships apart. Yet, despite all this, without competition, we would be lost.5．What does the ecological definition mainly explain?A．How to win the competition.B．What competition exactly is.C．What the result of competition is.D．How friends compete with each other.6．According to the writer, what causes the high school students to compete?A．They know the laws of nature well.B．A friendship is a burden for them.C．The number of them is too large.D．They are divided into different groups.7．Which best describes the relationship of the friendship and competition?A．The friendship is always based on competition.B．Competition is a result of a lost friendship.C．Competition is terribly harmful to friendships.D．The degree of competition is vital to friendships.8．What does the author think of “competition”？A．Competition is certain to happen at school.B．The result of competition is out of control.C．Competition becomes fierce in high school.D．The friendship is not as important as competition at school.Ⅱ.七选五[2022·石家庄质量检测一]Have you ever wondered why you're not as happy as you'd like to be? Based on my own personal experience and the happiness facts published by Harvard University, I've summarized the following habits that will make you happy!Laugh often. Laughter is the most powerful medicine for anger or depression. Research has shown that the simple act of smiling can increase your feeling of happiness. __1__Try to find humor and laughter in life's everyday struggles.Keep your agreements. Our self­respect is built on the agreements we've made with ourselves and with others. And high self­respect has a direct relationship with happiness. __2__Do your best and then let go. Everyone has limitations, and things don't always turn out to be what we'd like them to be—despite our efforts. So always give your best, and then let go. __3__      When you've done your best, you'll have no regrets.Give back. __4__According to Harvard, when people do good, their brains become active in the very same reward center that is stimulated when they experience other rewards. So it's not a surprise that people who care more about others are happier than those who care less about others.These happiness habits have proven to be true in my own life. During those periods when I focus on developing the habits listed above, I do feel happier and more fulfilled—like now. Happiness is not an accident. __5__A．Let events run their course.B．So don't take life too seriously.C．So do what you say you're going to do.D．When we succeed, we're more likely to be happy.E．This is the best way to overcome your limitations.F．It's a conscious decision that takes a conscious effort.G．Helping others is one of the surest ways to feel good.Ⅲ.完形填空[2022·成都市第三次诊断]While looking for a job in Denmark, Alberto found his spare time activities an advantage.In his spare time, Alberto was pleasantly __1__ to find a lot of outdoor facilities in Denmark. __2__ moving there, he had thought that because of the __3__， locals would probably __4__ spending time indoors. “I like to __5__ life outdoors with friends: walking in the forest, playing sports and swimming. We even __6__ a camping trip to the beach. ”Alberto also enjoys __7__ training in spare time. __8__， he is more than willing to help others in the gym. “Making __9__ and helping friends have taught me how to __10__ and understand the __11__ of a person, which helps me when I'm dealing with people or anywhere where empathy (共鸣) and attention are __12__. I have also learned to become more __13__， since I have to observe and then change or __14__ the plan based on their __15__. Finally, I have also learned how to be a better __16__—I had to design the schedules in a fun and entertaining way to __17__ people. ”Alberto found these experiences helpful in __18__. “Nowadays, companies are not so focused on certain __19__， but more interested in getting to know the person behind the CV (简历). Spare time activities serve as a means for the company to get a better __20__ of employees. ”, 1．A.disappointed   B．anxious   C．surprised    D．annoyed2．A.Before   B．Upon   C．Without   D．For3．A.tradition   B．weather   C．traffic   D．passion4．A.deny   B．continue   C．resist    D．prefer5．A.enjoy   B．expect   C．discuss   D．appreciate6．A.witnessed   B．needed   C．did   D．chose7．A.fitness   B．military   C．professional   D．academic8．A.Eventually   B．Hopefully   C．Therefore   D．Moreover9．A.interviews   B．plans   C．changes   D．decisions10．A.admire   B．prove   C．follow   D．detect11．A.advantages   B．imaginations   C．needs   D．abilities12．A.useless   B．strange   C．urgent   D．necessary13．A.proud   B．organized   C．excited   D．merciful14．A.support   B．recommend   C．adapt   D．make15．A.reaction   B．movement   C．impression   D．position16．A.classmate   B．leader   C．sportsman   D．salesman17．A.distract   B．interest   C．amuse   D．encourage18．A.schooling   B．truth­seeking   C．job­hunting   D．surviving19．A.skills   B．opinions   C．personalities   D．weaknesses20．A.side   B．half   C．picture   D．futureⅣ.语法填空[2022·太原市三模]For many people in the world, food waste has become a habit: buying more food than we need at markets，1．________ (let) fruit and vegetables spoil at home or taking more than we can eat.These habits put extra pressure 2．________ our natural resources and damage our environment. When we waste food, we waste so much labour, effort, 3．________ (invest) and the precious resources that go into producing it, not to mention the resources in transporting and processing it.  In short, wasting food increases greenhouse gas emissions and 4．________ (contribute) to climate change.It's 5．________ urgent issue. In fact, tons of food is lost or wasted 6．________ (global) every day. The part of food that is lost from harvest up to, but not including, the retail level is called food loss. The part wasted at the consumer or retail level 7．________ (refer) to as food waste. We make this distinction to address those root 8．________ (cause) of this problem, a problem that everyone from farmers and producers to customers can help end.Reducing food loss and waste is essential in a world 9．________ millions of people go hungry every day. When we reduce waste, we respect that food is not a given. It's up to us 10．________ (change) our habits to make not wasting food a way of life!课下天天练（十六）　阅读语言运用组合练Ⅰ.阅读理解A语篇类型：记叙文　主题语境：人与自我——人物经历——旅游和探险【语篇解读】　文章主要讲述了奥地利裔美国探险家、植物学家和人类学家Joseph Francis Charles Rock在中国西南地区的旅游和探险经历。1．答案与解析：D　主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第二段第一句“In 1924, Harvard sent Joseph Francis Rock on a treasure hunt through China's southwestern provinces—the Wild West of their day.”可知，文章主要讲述了奥地利裔美国探险家、植物学家和人文学家Joseph Francis Charles Rock在中国西南地区的探险经历。故选D。2．答案与解析：B　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“His hand­drawn map of his travels through China's‘Cho­Ni’ territory, in the Harvard Map Collection, includes more than a thousand rivers, towns and mountains indicated in both English and Chinese, and was so well made that the U．S. government used it to plan aerial missions in World War Ⅱ.”可知，除了在收集新品种的植物和标本上做出贡献，Rock手绘的地图也曾被用于第二次世界大战。故选B。3．答案与解析：C　推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“‘In discussing his heroism including hair­raising escapes from death either from mountain slides, snow slides and robber armies, he waves the idea away as if it is of no importance.’”可知，在讨论Rock的英雄事迹时，虽然他经历过山体滑坡、雪崩以及强盗（的抢劫），可他觉得那都不算什么。由此可推知，Rock在人们提到自己的英雄事迹时的反应很平静。故选C。4．答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“The Arboretum and Rock parted ways after 1927, mainly because his trip cost   Harvard a fortune—about $ 900，000 in today's dollars.”可知，Rock不再在植物园工作的主要原因是他旅行花费了很多钱。故选A。【亮点句积累】In declaring his successful return under the headline “Seeking Strange Flowers, in the Far Reaches of the World”， the Boston Evening transcript ran a large photo of the daring explorer wearing in a woolly coat and fox­skin hat.（第五段第一句）译文：《波士顿晚报》以“在遥远的世界里寻找奇异的花朵”为题，刊登了一张这位大胆的冒险家身穿羊毛外套、头戴狐狸皮帽的巨幅照片，以宣告他返回成功。词汇积累：extensively adv.广大地　territory n．领土linguist n．语言学家　arrogant adj.傲慢的B语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与社会——社会生活——竞争【语篇解读】　竞争推动了人类社会的发展，是不可或缺的，本文说明了竞争的含义，指出在高中阶段竞争是不可避免的，还特别说明了如何在竞争和友谊中寻找平衡。5．答案与解析：B　考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第二段内容可知，ecological definition所在的句子是对前一句“It isn't competition...and no prize”的补充说明，进一步说明竞争到底是什么，故选B。6．答案与解析：C　考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第三段中的“There are lots of...categorizing take place”可知，高中生数量多，为了区分他们，排名和分类就产生了，排名和分类就是竞争的具体形式，故选C。7．答案与解析：D　考查推断的能力。根据最后一段倒数第二句“Healthy, friendly competition...can tear friendships apart”可知，正常合理的且友好的竞争只有好处，但当竞争太激烈时，妒忌能使友谊分崩离析。故D项“竞争的程度对友谊至关重要”正确。8．答案与解析：A　考查理解具体信息的能力。根据最后一段第一句“Nevertheless, by necessity, competition between students exists in all aspects of high school life”可知，作者认为学生之间的竞争必然存在于高中学校生活的所有方面，故A选项“竞争在学校是必然会发生的”正确。Ⅱ.七选五语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与自我——幸福——让人幸福的几个习惯【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了几个让人幸福的习惯，包括常笑和帮助他人等。1．答案与解析：B'考查上下文衔接。根据空前一句表述的“研究表明，一个简单的微笑行为可以增加你的幸福感”和空后一句表述的“在每日的奋斗中努力找到幽默和笑声”可知，B项“所以不要跟生活太较真”符合语境。2．答案与解析：C'考查总结句。结合本段内容可知，本段主要讲自尊、言行一致和幸福三者之间的关系。言行一致是自尊的基础，而高度的自尊又与幸福有直接关系，所以C项“因此你要言出必行”符合语境。3．答案与解析：A'考查上下文衔接。空前一句讲的是“所以永远尽自己最大的努力，然后放手”，而空后一句讲的是“当你已尽了自己最大努力，你就没有遗憾了”，因此A项“让事情顺其自然”符合语境。4．答案与解析：G'考查上下文衔接。本段总结句讲的是关心他人更多的人比关心他人更少的人更幸福，这并不是一个令人惊讶的事，故G项“帮助别人是能感到快乐的最可靠的方法之一”符合语境。5．答案与解析：F'考查上下文衔接。根据空前一句表述的“幸福不是一件偶然的事”可知，F项“这是一个需要有意识的努力来作出的有意识的决定”符合语境。Ⅲ.完形填空语篇类型：记叙文　主题语境：人与自我——做人与做事——业余生活及其对求职的影响【语篇解读】　Alberto在丹麦发现，人们并不是如他想象那样因为气候原因而不喜欢户外活动。他帮助人们进行健身训练并从中收获很多。Alberto的经历对于他求职帮助很大，在求职中，公司不仅关注简历，还更关注求职者简历之外的生活。1．答案与解析：C　考查语境推断。根据该段下文中的“he had thought... spending time indoors”可知，丹麦当地人可能会更喜欢室内活动；结合该句中的“find a lot of outdoor facilities in Denmark”可以判断，当发现丹麦有许多室外设施时，Alberto感到很惊讶，C选项意为“惊讶的”，故C项正确。2．答案与解析：A　考查语境推断。根据该句中的“he had thought”可知，该句使用了过去完成时，结合语境可以判断，此处表示在Alberto迁到丹麦之前，故A项正确。3．答案与解析：B　考查常识推断。根据该句中的“spending time indoors”可知，丹麦人可能更喜欢待在室内；结合常识可以判断，由于丹麦的天气原因，丹麦人无法经常到室外活动，故喜欢待在室内。故B项正确。4．答案与解析：D　考查语境推断。根据该句中的“locals would probably”可知，由于丹麦的天气原因，丹麦人无法经常到室外活动，故可能更喜欢待在室内。D项意为“更喜欢”，故D项正确。5．答案与解析：A　考查语境推断。根据该句中的“walking in the forest, playing sports and swimming”可知，Alberto喜欢和朋友们一起享受户外活动：在森林里散步、运动和游泳。A项意为“享受……的乐趣”，故A项正确。6．答案与解析：C　考查语境推断。根据该句中的“a camping trip to the beach”并结合上句内容可知，Alberto甚至还去海滩进行野营旅行了。故C项正确。【易错提醒】该题容易错选成D项，选错的原因是忽略上句和该句的联系。在这里Alberto陈述的是各种已经发生的活动，用以说明他们喜欢户外活动，而不是选择。7．答案与解析：A　考查语境推断。根据下句中的“he is more than willing to help others in the gym”可知，Alberto很乐意帮助在体育馆的人；据此可以判断，Alberto喜欢在业余时间进行健身训练。fitness意为“健壮，健康”，故A项正确。B项意为“军事的”；C项意为“专业的”；D项意为“学术的”，都与语境不符。8．答案与解析：D　考查语境推断。根据上句可知，Alberto喜欢在业余时间进行健身训练；根据该句中的“he is more than willing to help others in the gym”可知，此外，他还很乐意帮助在体育馆的人。据此可知，两句间为递进关系，故用Moreover。9．答案与解析：B　考查语境和常识推断。根据前文可知，Alberto喜欢在业余时间进行健身训练，还非常乐意帮助在体育馆的人。结合常识可知，健身训练需要作计划，Alberto从作计划和帮朋友中获益良多。B项意为“计划”，故B项正确。10．答案与解析：D　考查语境推断。根据该句中的“which helps me when I'm dealing with people”可知，这在他与人打交道时帮助了他；结合该句中的“understand”可以判断，作计划和帮助朋友教会了他如何发现和理解一个人的需求。D项意为“发现”，故D项正确。11．答案与解析：C　考查语境和常识推断。根据该句中的“which helps me when I'm dealing with people”可知，这帮助Alberto与人打交道；结合常识可以判断，该处指作计划和帮助朋友教会了他如何发现和理解一个人的需求。故C项正确。12．答案与解析：D　考查语境和常识推断。根据语境并结合常识可知，在与人打交道的过程中，共鸣和关注是必要的，D项意为“必要的”，故D项正确。13．答案与解析：B　考查语境推断。根据该句中的“since I have to observe and then change”和“the plan”可知，Alberto不得不观察并改变计划，据此可以判断，他要更有效地组织人们运动。organized意为“有效率的，有条理的”，符合语境，故B项正确。14．答案与解析：C　考查语境推断。根据该句中的“I have to observe and then change or”和“the plan”可知，Alberto不得不观察并改变计划，据此可以判断，此处表示改变或修改计划；C项意为“使适应，使适合（新用途、新情况）”，故C项正确。15．答案与解析：A　考查语境和常识推断。根据语境和常识可知，Alberto需要根据人们的反应改变计划；A项意为“反应”，故A项正确。16．答案与解析：D　考查语境推断。根据该句中的“I had to design the schedules in a fun and entertaining way”可知，Alberto必须以一种有趣且使人愉快的方式来设计日程安排；结合选项可知，此处表示他已经学会如何成为更好的销售员，故D项正确。17．答案与解析：B　考查语境推断。根据该句中的“in a fun and entertaining way”可推知，Alberto此举的目的是让人们感兴趣。B项意为“使感兴趣”，故B项正确。18．答案与解析：C　考查语境推断。根据本文首句中的“While looking for a job in Denmark”并结合该句中的“Alberto found these experiences helpful in”和下文中的companies可知，Alberto发现这些经历在他寻找工作的过程中是有用的，故C项正确。19．答案与解析：A　考查语境推断。根据该句中的“but more interested in getting to know the person behind the CV（简历）”可知，公司更感兴趣的是个人简历背后的故事，据此可以判断，公司如今对个人的某些技能并不那么关注，A项意为“技能”，故A项正确。20．答案与解析：C　考查语境推断。根据上句可知，公司更感兴趣的是个人简历背后的故事；据此可以判断，业余活动是公司更好地了解员工的一种手段。picture“印象，头脑中的情景；描述”。故C项正确。Ⅳ.语法填空语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与社会——社会现象——食物浪费【语篇解读】　本文主要讲述了当今社会食物浪费情况严重、这一现象造成的后果、食物损失与食物浪费的区别等，也讲述了世界上还有很多人每天吃不饱饭，所以我们应该减少食物浪费。1．答案与解析：letting　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该空与前面的buying和后面的taking形成并列，所以空处需要填letting。2．答案与解析：on　考查介词。此处考查固定搭配put pressure on，意为“向……施加压力”，所以空处需要填on。3．答案与解析：investment　考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知，此处与labour, effort和the precious resources形成并列，同作waste的宾语，需要用到名词，所以填investment。4．答案与解析：contributes　考查谓语动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处与increases形成并列，两者并列作本句的谓语，且主语为wasting food，所以空处需要填contributes。5．答案与解析：an　考查冠词。结合语境“这是一件紧迫的事情”可知，此处表泛指；且空后urgent的发音以元音音素开头，所以空处需要填an。6．答案与解析：globally　考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰谓语，需要用副词，所以填globally。7．答案与解析：is referred　考查谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，该空在句中作谓语；根据语境可知，此处需要用到一般现在时表示客观事实；根据语境“在消费者和零售层面浪费的部分被称作食物浪费”可知，本句语态为被动语态；主语The part为第三人称单数，所以空处填is referred。8．答案与解析：causes　考查名词单复数。cause是一个可数名词，根据前面的those可知，空处需要用到复数，所以填causes。root cause“根本原因”。9．答案与解析：where　考查关系副词。分析句子结构可知，该空引导定语从句，先行词为表示地点的名词world，该空指代先行词在从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where。10．答案与解析：to change　考查非谓语动词。此处考查的是固定句型It's up to sb. to do sth.，所以空处需要填to change。