高考英语全程考评 特训卷 课下天天练十七 含解析

这是一份高考英语全程考评 特训卷 课下天天练十七 含解析，共11页。
课下天天练(十七)　40分阅读提分练姓名________　班级________　考号________　时间：40分钟阅读(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A[2022·甘肃省第二次高考诊断]Sharks are amazing creatures. They are known as the deadliest hunters in the sea. Fortunately most are not, but there are some kinds of sharks that can be extremely dangerous. Look at these short descriptions of four kinds of sharks.The Great White SharkThe Great White Shark is one of the most frightening creatures in the sea. They live in tropical and subtropical waters, and they can grow up to 9 meters long. Most Great White Sharks are actually grey, blue or brown with a white belly, and their powerful teeth are triangles with edges like saws. The Whale Shark Whale Sharks are the largest kind of shark in the world up to 11 meters in length. They live in tropical waters all around the world, but they are not dangerous. Whale Sharks are brown or grey with white or yellow stripes. They often travel near the surface of the sea. The Mako Shark Mako Sharks are fierce predators. They come from the same family of sharks as the Great White Shark and they are especially fast—they can swim at speeds of up to 65 kilometers per hour. They are large bluish sharks found in the Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean. Mako Sharks can grow up to 3 meters long. The Great Hammerhead Shark The Great Hammerhead Shark's most striking feature is its wide thick head which looks like a hammer. The average size of a Great Hammerhead Shark is approximately 3.5 meters, but it can grow up to 6 meters long. These sharks average over 500 pounds but can weigh as much as 1，000 pounds.  Like most sharks the females are larger than the males. They have several rows of teeth that have 24 to 37 teeth per row. The Great Hammerhead Shark has a very keen sense of smell, which helps it find its prey.1．What can we learn from the text?A．Sharks usually live in icy waters.B．Mako Sharks are fast but not dangerous.C．The Great White Shark has 24 to 37 sharp teeth.D．Whale Sharks are bigger than other sharks in the sea.2．Why is a shark called the Great Hammerhead Shark?A．Because of the size of its body.B．Because of the waters it lives in.C．Because of the shape of its head.D．Because of the function of its teeth.3．From which is the text probably taken?  A．A news report.B．A book review.C．An advertisement.D．A biology magazine.B[2022·长春市高三质量预测四]CHARITY HONORS SON'S MEMORYNonprofit providing gifts to 18 to 39 years old is raising memoryBy PAM KRAOENRAMONA, Calif.—Before he died from cancer at age 29, Silas River Bennett spent his final months taking photographs of the world around him, emailing friends, buying gifts for his sisters and encouraging his family to give things to the needy. “What was important to him was to have a sense of himself outside of cancer，” said his mom, Lorraine Kerz of Ramona.Bennett went to the hospital in fall 2007 with severe back pains. He was diagnosed with stage 4 lung cancer that had spread to his bones. Doctors believed the cancer was environmentally caused, perhaps by exposure to some poisonous gas in the basement where he lived or poisons in the paints he used as a painter. Kerz said her son was a man with a great sense of humor and a very creative mind. He had an “electric intellect” who loved debating and watching Jeopardy！—a game show on TV and telling stories with his photographs. After Bennett died in May 2008, Kerz wanted to honor the creative spirit and generosity of her son, whose nickname was “Sy”. The result was Sy's Fund, a Ramona­based all­volunteer national nonprofit that has fulfilled the wishes of more than 250 people aged 18 to 39 who are battling cancer. Sy's Fund provides them with small gifts—such as laptops, cameras, guitar lessons, or printers—to lift their spirits and refocus their energies in a positive direction.The group raises money through three fundraisers each year, such as golf tournaments and 5K races. This year because of the COVID­19, they're trying a virtual fundraiser for the first time. After registering online, participants must download the “Let's Roam” app to their phones to donate. For those who want to apply for a wish grant, visit sysfund.org. The organization is also seeking more volunteer members. For details, email Kerz at lorraine@sysfund.org.4．Why did Kerz found Sy's Fund?A．Because she wanted to honor her son.           B．Because she wanted to get rid of cancer.C．Because she wanted to make her son famous.    D．Because she wanted to gain more profit.5．What can we learn about Sy?A．His cancer was caused by poisonous paints.B．He spent his final months preparing for the fund.C．He was energetic and lived a short but colorful life.D．He died more than one year after he was diagnosed with cancer.6．How does Sy's Fund help the needy?A．By selling some things to cancer patients at a low price.B．By seeking more volunteers to tell stories.C．By asking participants to download an app to the phones.D．By providing cancer patients with small gifts.7．Where is this text most likely from?A．A newspaper.            B．A guidebook.          C．An announcement.        D．A diary.C[2022·云南省第一次高中毕业生统一检测]A New Zealand council has announced a month­long road closure in order to allow a sea lion and her pup to reach the ocean safely.John Wilson Ocean Drive in Dunedin will be closed after the New Zealand sea lions made their home at a nearby golf course (球场) and started “regularly crossing the road to get to the beach”， according to a post from Dunedin City Council.“You can still visit the area on foot or by bicycle, but please give the sea lions lots of space，” continued the post.Locals applauded the decision，and one even called for the closure to be made permanent.“No dogs should be on the beach，either，”wrote Gaylene Smith.“We need to protect our beautiful sea life.”Dogs are known to attack sea lions, and Chisholm Links Golf Course, where the sea lions have  made their home, also posted advice to dog­walkers in an update.“We're lucky to have sea lions on our coastline and we need to share the space with them，as this is what makes our coastline so unique！”wrote the course on a medium.The council went on to explain that New Zealand sea lions are endangered, and are one of the world's rarest species of sea lion.There are an estimated 12，000 New Zealand sea lions left, according to the Department of Conservation. Under local law, anyone who kills a sea lion could face up to two years in prison or a fine of up to NZ $250，000.8．What decision has the Dunedin City Council made?A．Closing an ocean drive for a month.B．Closing the nearby beach temporarily.C．Forbidding entry into a golf course.D．Forbidding walking dogs outside.9．How did the City Council announce the decision?A．By informing people on TV.B．By posting it on a medium.C．By advertising in a newspaper.D．By sending out notices.10．What is the attitude of the local people toward the closure?A．Doubtful.    B．Supportive.C．Uncaring.    D．Critical.11．What can we learn about New Zealand sea lions from the text?A．They are under legal protection.B．They are a common species.C．They are afraid of humans.D．They are being killed by dogs.D[2022·长春市高三质量预测四]It's hard to turn down hamburgers, French fries, potato chips and all of the other junk food that seem to call out to us. However, eating too much junk food can harm your body, particularly if you're between the ages of 10 and 19.“Junk food shapes adolescent brains in ways that weaken their ability to think, learn and remember. It can also make it harder to control impulsive behaviors，” said Amy Reichelt, a brain and nutrition specialist at Western University, Canada. “It may even up a teen's risk of depression and anxiety.”Reichelt and two other researchers found adolescents are more sensitive than any other age group to processed foods with a lot of fat and sugar. Adolescent brains are still developing the ability to assess risks and control actions. The prefrontal cortex is the part of the brain that tells us we shouldn't eat chips all the time and helps us resist that urge. But this region is the last to mature—it doesn't fully develop until we are in our early 20s. Meanwhile, teen brains get more active from rewards for a while. The parts of the brain that make us feel good when we do something pleasurable are fully developed by the teen years.In fact, these regions are even more sensitive when we are young. That's because dopamine (多巴胺), a natural chemical that lifts our mood when we experience something good, is especially active in adolescent brains. Therefore, the teen brain has two strikes against it when it comes to resisting junk food.“It has a heightened drive for rewards and reduced self­regulation，” said Reichelt.So, what's the best way to say no to junk food? Researchers suggest exercise. When we exercise, the brain's reward system becomes less sensitive to food. Exercise also cause the body to make a protein that helps brain cells grow and boosts connections between the prefrontal cortex and other brain  regions. The prefrontal cortex thus can work better to help us make wise decisions and control our impulses.12．What is the main idea of the second paragraph?A．The effects of eating junk food.B．The causes of favouring junk food.C．The tendency of sharing junk food.D．The benefits of avoiding junk food.13．What is the function of the prefrontal cortex?A．It serves as the sense of taste.B．It promotes teenagers' spirits.C．It is partly in charge of self­control.D．It helps teenagers grow physically mature.14．What does “it” refer to in the third paragraph?A．The prefrontal cortex.B．The urge.C．The adolescent brain.D．The body.15．Why it is hard for teens to give up junk food?A．Junk food is delicious and nutritious.B．Junk food is popular among young people.C．Teenagers don't realize the harm of junk food.D．Teenagers can feel temporary excitement from junk food.第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。[2022·南昌市第三次模拟]In the workplace, one of the most important skills to possess is good communication. __1__； it means they are able to listen to others, as well as successfully convey their own ideas and opinions. While listening and speaking are important in effective communication, there are other skills that are vital to good communication in the workplace.__2__. This means not only listening with your ears but also being able to comprehend what the person is saying. Giving co­workers your full attention when they are conveying an idea can go a long way in building relationships and furthering progress.Having empathy (同情) is very useful in communication. __3__. Put yourself in the other person's position instead of judging or criticizing based on your own beliefs. While this may be difficult for some, empathizing with others can be very helpful in keeping in tune with your own emotions and ideas.Encouraging others will heighten confidence and appreciation in the workplace. __4__，you help others feel they are wanted, welcomed and respected by co­workers. People are much more likely to spare no effort if they know they are valued.Body language can greatly impact how others treat you in the workplace. Being extroverted (外向的) and friendly lets co­workers know you are open to hearing their opinions about projects or new designs. __5__.Be sure to maintain eye contact the majority of the time you are speaking with someone, and use hand gestures to help you form clearer thoughts. Smiling offers encouragement and creates a noticeable difference in how you are treated. People who smile more are seen as more approachable and trustworthy.While many of these good communication skills occur naturally in individuals, some may need to be learned and practiced in order to become second nature.A．While communication is importantB．By praising others and offering words of encouragementC．Praising co­workers helps communication go smoothlyD．It involves seeing things from the point of view of othersE．People value co­workers who can communicate effectivelyF．Being able to listen to others is vital in the communication processG．Body language is a large part of being empathetic and encouraging课下天天练（十七）　40分阅读提分练第一节A语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与自然——海洋生物——四种鲨鱼【语篇解读】　鲨鱼是令人惊奇的生物。它们被称为海洋中最致命的猎手。幸运的是，大多数鲨鱼都不是，但有一些鲨鱼是非常危险的。本文介绍了大白鲨、鲸鲨、灰鲭鲨和无沟双髻鲨这四种鲨鱼的有关信息。1．答案与解析：D'考查理解具体信息的能力。根据The Whale Shark部分的第一句“Whale Sharks are the largest kind of shark in the world”可知，鲸鲨是世界上最大的鲨鱼，即鲸鲨比海里的其他鲨鱼要大。故选D项。2．答案与解析：C'考查理解具体信息的能力。根据The Great Hammerhead Shark部分的第一句可知，无沟双髻鲨最显著的特征是它的宽而粗的头部，看起来像一把锤子。故可知它因其头部的形状而得名。故选C项。3．答案与解析：D'考查推断的能力。本文向我们介绍了四种鲨鱼的有关情况，结合选项可推知该篇文章应该摘自生物杂志。故选D项。B语篇类型：新闻报道　主题语境：人与社会——公益活动——慈善机构【语篇解读】　本文讲述了Lorraine Kerz为了纪念儿子，成立了一个慈善机构，帮助需要帮助的人。今年，因为新冠肺炎疫情参与者在网上注册后，必须下载“Let's Roam”应用程序到自己的手机上才能捐赠。4．答案与解析：A　考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第二段第六句“After Bennett died in May 2008...whose nickname was ‘Sy’”可知，Kerz建立Sy's Fund为的是纪念她儿子的创新精神和慷慨。故选A项。5．答案与解析：C　考查推断的能力。根据第一段中的“Before he died from cancer at age 29...his family to give things to the needy”可知，在他生命的最后几个月里，他拍摄周围的世界，给朋友发电子邮件，给姐妹们买礼物，鼓励家人给穷人物品。所以可以推测，他精力充沛，生命虽短暂却丰富多彩。故选C项。6．答案与解析：D　考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第二段最后一句“Sy's Fund provides them with small gifts—such as... and refocus their energies in a positive direction.”可知，Sy基金会为他们提供一些小礼物，比如笔记本电脑、相机、吉他课或打印机，让他们振作起来，把精力重新集中在积极的方向上。故选D。7．答案与解析：A　考查推断的能力。根据文章大标题、小标题，“By PAM KRAOEN”以及文章最后一段中的最后三句话可推测本文最有可能选自报纸。故选A项。C语篇类型：新闻报道　主题语境：人与自然——人与动物——为海狮封闭道路【语篇解读】　新西兰但尼丁市议会宣布要封闭道路一个月，目的是让一海狮和它的幼崽安全抵达海洋。当地人对此十分支持。8．答案与解析：A　考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第一段内容和第二段中的“John Wilson Ocean Drive in Dunedin will be closed”“according to a post from Dunedin City Council”可知，但尼丁市议会做的决定是封闭海洋车道一个月，目的是让一海狮和它的幼崽安全抵达海洋。9．答案与解析：B　考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第二段中的“according to a post from Dunedin City Council”可知，该决定是通过一个帖子公布的，故选B。10．答案与解析：B　考查推断的能力。根据第四段可知，当地人称赞这个决定，甚至有人呼吁永久封闭这个车道，由此可推知当地人是支持这一决定的。11．答案与解析：A　考查理解具体信息的能力。根据最后一段最后一句可知，杀害海狮将面临坐牢或被罚款的处罚，由此可知，海狮受到法律的保护。D语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与自我——健康——垃圾食品对青少年的危害【语篇解读】　我们很难拒绝汉堡包、炸薯条、薯片和所有其他似乎在召唤我们的垃圾食品。然而，吃太多垃圾食品会伤害你的身体，特别是如果你的年龄在10岁到19岁之间。本文主要介绍了垃圾食品对青少年的危害，以及如何拒绝垃圾食品。12．答案与解析：A　考查理解段落主旨要义的能力。根据第二段中Amy Reichelt所讲的内容可知，垃圾食品对人们有害，比如会削弱人们的思考能力等。故最佳答案应该选A项。13．答案与解析：C　考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第三段第三句和第四句“The prefrontal cortex is the part...develop until we are in our early 20s”可知，前额皮质的功能是部分的自我控制。故选C项。14．答案与解析：A　考查理解词汇的能力。根据破折号前面的“The prefrontal cortex is the part of the brain...this region is the last to mature”可知，上面讲述的是前额皮质的功能，所以紧接着的it指代的应是前额皮质，故选A项。15．答案与解析：D　考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第四段第三句中的“the teen brain has two strikes against it...reduced self­regulation”可知，青少年很难拒绝垃圾食品的原因是他们能从这些垃圾食品中感受到暂时的兴奋，故选D项。第二节语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：人与社会——人际沟通——职场沟通的技能【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了几种职场沟通的技能，包括注意倾听、有同情心、鼓励他人等。1．答案与解析：E　考查上下文衔接。根据空处下文“it means they are able to listen to others, as well as successfully convey their own ideas and opinions”可知，这意味着他们能够倾听他人，也能成功地表达自己的想法和意见。下文是对空处的解释，据此可知，空处讲的是与“善于沟通的同事”相关的内容，E项意为“人们看重能有效沟通的同事”与该处匹配。2．答案与解析：F　考查主旨句。根据空处所在的位置可知，空处为该段的主旨句；根据该段中的“This means not only listening with your ears but also being able to comprehend what the person is saying”可知，这意味着你不仅要用耳朵去听，还要能够理解对方在说什么。据此可知，该段主要陈述倾听在沟通中的重要性，故F项正确。3．答案与解析：D　考查上下文衔接。根据空处下句“Put yourself in the other person's position instead of judging or criticizing based on your own beliefs”可知，要站在对方的角度考虑问题，而不是基于自己的信念去评判或批评。据此可知，空处说明应当从别人的角度看问题，故D项正确。4．答案与解析：B　考查上下文衔接。根据该段首句“Encouraging others will heighten confidence and appreciation in the workplace”可知，鼓励他人可以增强自信，让你在工作中更受赏识；结合空处下文“you help others feel they are wanted，welcomed and respected by co­workers”可知，通过赞扬和鼓励，你会让他人感到同事需要他们、欢迎他们、尊重他们。故B项正确。5．答案与解析：G　考查主旨句。根据语境可知，空处为该段主旨句；根据空处下句“Be sure to maintain eye contact the majority of the time you are speaking with someone，and use hand gestures to help you form clearer thoughts”可知，在你和别人说话的大部分时间里，一定要保持眼神交流，并用手势来帮助你形成更清晰的思路。据此可知，该段主要说明保持眼神交流、使用手势等肢体语言在沟通中的重要性。故G项正确。