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江苏省南通市海安市2023-2024学年高三上学期开学英语试题
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这是一份江苏省南通市海安市2023-2024学年高三上学期开学英语试题，文件包含精品解析江苏省南通市海安市2023-2024学年高三上学期开学英语试题原卷版docx、精品解析江苏省南通市海安市2023-2024学年高三上学期开学英语试题解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共35页， 欢迎下载使用。
2024届高三期初学业质量监测试卷
英语
注意事项
考生在答题前请认真阅读本注意事项及各题答题要求
1.本试卷共10页，满分150分，考试时间为120分钟。考试结束后，请将答题卷交回。
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第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面的5段对话。每段对话后都有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Why was the man late for work?
A. He was stuck in traffic.
B. He had a traffic accident.
C. His car broke down on the road.
2. What does the man like about the new shop?
A. The location. B. The assistants. C. The clothes.
3. What is the man doing?
A. Placing an order. B. Asking about an item. C. Requesting a delivery service.
4. Who might Lily be?
A. The woman’s babysitter. B. The woman’s boss. C. The woman’s child.
5 What does the woman agree to do?
A. Change seats. B. Call off her trip. C. Travel on a different day.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. How does the woman describe the furniture store?
A. There are goods of a high quality.
B. There are good bargains on sale.
C. They sell goods online as well.
7. What will the man do first?
A. Surf the Internet. B. Go to the store. C. Compare prices.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. When does the conversation take place?
A. In the morning. B. At noon. C. In the afternoon.
9. Why doesn’t the mango to the conference room now?
A. He needs to meet the clients.
B. He is working on another task.
C. He has checked the heater before.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What are the speakers discussing?
A. The woman’s cousin. B. Their weekend plans. C. A local band.
11. Who is the woman scheduled to meet?
A. A relative. B. A band member. C. A concert organizer.
12. What does the man offer to do?
A. Convince Jane.
B. Pay for the tickets.
C. Find out the availability of tickets.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What happened to the woman at the beginning?
A. She lost her phone.
B. She couldn’t find the way.
C. She was trapped in heavy snow.
14. How did the woman keep warm?
A. By having more clothes on.
B. By using the car heater.
C. By drinking hot tea.
15. Why did the woman turnoff the engine?
A. It broke down.
B. She stopped to answer a call.
C. The car was running out of gas.
16. What did the emergency services do?
A. They called an ambulance.
B. They led the woman to her home.
C. They helped the woman go to the main road.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What kind of place is Oldsville?
A. An oilfield. B. A tourist area. C. A deserted train station.
18 What can tourists see right beside the track?
A. Desert plants. B. Trees. C. Animals.
19. What do we know about the bridge?
A. It is dangerous. B. It is over a deep river. C. It is made of wood.
20. Where can tourists get drinks?
A. From a store. B. From the speaker. C. From a machine.
第二部分：阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Nashville TN
Welcome to your Music City vacation planning center, where you can make reservations for lodging, activities, dining and more! You can meet today’s hottest stars and country music legends at the Grand Ole Opry, cruise the Cumberland aboard the General Jackson Showboat Dinner Cruise or tour the sights!
Classic Music City Attractions
When one thinks of Music City, there are several attractions that immediately come to mind, namely the Grand Ole Opry, The General Jackson Showboat Dinner Cruise, and the Ryman Auditorium.
Some of the most amazing stars have taken the stage at the Grand Ole Opry. Another historic venue in Music City is the Ryman Auditorium. As well as attending concerts and shows, visitors to the Ryman can take leisurely tours to learn all about the history of the performing center.
Architectural Wonders
As one of the most beautiful cities in the United States, it is no wonder that this city is home to some of the most impressive pieces of architecture. From landmarks to universities and everything in between, those who have a passion for history are sure to have an amazing time exploring these places.
Music City Art & Museums
For those who love art, the Frist Center is a must-have activity. This art museum features approximately 24, 000 sq ft filled with a variety of exhibitions and displays that are sure to impress. This non-profit center is open seven days a week and features rotating exhibits so there’s something new with each visit.
Shopping, Dining & More
Downtown is among the most popular areas of the city as it holds some of the greatest attractions and more.
East, the ever-growing region is a bustling(熙攘的) place to visit while in Music City! From an eclectic atmosphere to historic landmarks and more. From local delicious eats to breweries and shopping opportunities, this neighborhood is well worth a visit!
1. In Nashville TN, visitors can .
A. have a chance to perform on the stage.
B. explore some impressive historic buildings.
C. meet some hot stars and pickup fiction stories.
D. go shopping in Downtown, the most popular area.
2. What is special about the Frist Center?
A. Live concerts can be enjoyed.
B. It is the largest museum in Nashville TN.
C. The center is accessible every day except on holidays.
D. Visitors can get different visiting experiences every time.
3. What’s the main purpose of the passage?
A. To introduce the city of Nashville TN.
B. To help people to tailor vacation plans.
C. To arouse visitors’ interest in music and art.
D. To remind visitors of protecting Nashville TN.
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍音乐之城Nashville TN。目地是帮助人们制定度假计划。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。由Architectural Wonders中“As one of the most beautiful cities in the United States, it is no wonder that this city is home to some of the most impressive pieces of architecture. From landmarks to universities and everything in between, those who have a passion for history are sure to have an amazing time exploring these places.(作为美国最美丽的城市之一，难怪这座城市拥有一些最令人印象深刻的建筑。从地标到大学，以及介于两者之间的一切，那些对历史充满热情的人一定会在探索这些地方度过一段美妙的时光。)”可知，游客可以探索一些令人印象深刻的历史建筑。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。由Music City Art & Museums中“For those who love art, the Frist Center is a must-have activity. This art museum features approximately 24, 000 sq ft filled with a variety of exhibitions and displays that are sure to impress. This non-profit center is open seven days a week and features rotating exhibits so there’s something new with each visit.(对于那些热爱艺术的人来说，Frist Center是必不可少的活动。这座艺术博物馆占地约24000平方英尺，里面有各种各样的展览和展览，一定会给人留下深刻印象。这个非营利中心每周开放七天，以轮流展览为特色，所以每次参观都会有新的东西。)”可知，游客每次都可以获得不同的参观体验。故选D项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第一段“Welcome to your Music City vacation planning center, where you can make reservations for lodging, activities, dining and more! You can meet today’s hottest stars and country music legends at the Grand Ole Opry, cruise the Cumberland aboard the General Jackson Showboat Dinner Cruise or tour the sights!(欢迎来到您的音乐城度假规划中心，在那里您可以预订住宿、活动、餐饮等！您可以在Grand Ole Opry与当今最炙手可热的明星和乡村音乐传奇人物见面，乘坐General Jackson游船晚餐巡游Cumberland，或游览景点！)”以及后文可知，文章主要为游客介绍音乐之城Nashville TN的一些旅游景点，所以B项To help people to tailor vacation plans.(帮助人们制定度假计划。)符合语境。故选B项。
B
Black students reported facing barriers that prevent them from completing their undergraduate studies in six years or less, regardless of the type of certificate or degree program, according to research published Thursday by Gallup and the Lumina Foundation. The most significant factors contributing to the lower rates among Black students, the study found, were experiencing acts of discrimination and managing multiple priorities that can interfere with completing coursework.
The report compiled data in fall 2022 from 6, 008 college students across different certification and degree programs, including 1, 106 Black students.
21% of Black respondents said they felt discriminated against frequently or occasionally compared to 15% of other students. Black students were also more likely to have shared that they felt disrespected or psychologically unsafe at an institution while learning. 28% of Black students who attended an institution with little diversity felt physically unsafe, while 26% felt disrespected and 27% felt psychologically unsafe.
Managing multiple priorities was another factor interfering with Black students’ education goals. The report found that 22% of Black students overall have caregiving responsibilities, compared to 11% of students in other racial groups, and 20% of Black students overall have full-time jobs, compared to 11% of other racial groups.
Aside from discrimination and the task of managing responsibilities, the data also acknowledged other barriers making it difficult for Black students to complete their education, including the high costs of attending school. An April 2022 report by The Education Trust found that because Black women fall within two marginalized groups, they make less money and often have to takeout more loans to cover the cost of attending college.
4. Which factor can’t lead to the lower rate of completing education among black students directly?
A. Management of multiple priorities. B. Experiences of discrimination.
C. The types of certificate or degree programs. D. High costs of attending school.
5. How did the researcher draw the conclusion?
A. By referring to previous studies.
B. By making some comparisons.
C. By explaining causes and effects.
D By analyzing respondents’ psychology.
6. What can we infer from the passage?
A. About 21% of Black students feel discriminated against frequently.
B. Black students feel discriminated mainly due to physical in security.
C. Black students have to take full-time jobs for lack of access to loans.
D. The black female students may be in the most disadvantaged position.
7. What’s the author’s attitude towards the phenomenon referred to in the passage?
A. Objective. B. Favorable. C. Critical. D. Concerned.
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. D 7. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲一项研究具体报告了一些导致黑人学生入学率较低的最重要因素。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。由第一段中“The most significant factors contributing to the lower rates among Black students, the study found, were experiencing acts of discrimination and managing multiple priorities that can interfere with completing coursework. (研究发现，导致黑人学生入学率较低的最重要因素是经历歧视行为和管理可能干扰完成课程的多个优先事项)”和最后一段中“Aside from discrimination and the task of managing responsibilities, the data also acknowledged other barriers making it difficult for Black students to complete their education, including the high costs of attending school. (除了歧视和管理责任的任务外，数据还承认了其他使黑人学生难以完成学业的障碍，包括高昂的上学成本)”可知，多个优先事项的管理、歧视的经历和上学费用高能直接导致黑人学生完成教育的比率较低，C项“证书或学位课程的类型”无法直接导致黑人学生完成教育的比率较低。故选C项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。由第三段中“21% of Black respondents said they felt discriminated against frequently or occasionally compared to 15% of other students. (21%的黑人受访者表示，他们经常或偶尔感到受到歧视，而其他学生的这一比例为15%)”和第四段中“The report found that 22% of Black students overall have caregiving responsibilities, compared to 11% of students in other racial groups, and 20% of Black students overall have full-time jobs, compared to 11% of other racial groups. (报告发现，22%的黑人学生总体上有照顾责任，而其他种族群体的学生只有11%，20%的黑人学生整体上有全职工作，而其他族裔群体的这一比例为11%)”可知，研究人员是通过把黑人学生和其他族裔学生进行对比而得出结论的。故选B项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。由最后一段中“An April 2022 report by The Education Trust found that because Black women fall within two marginalized groups, they make less money and often have to takeout more loans to cover the cost of attending college. (教育信托基金会2022年4月的一份报告发现，由于黑人女性属于两个边缘化群体，她们赚的钱更少，而且往往不得不获得更多的贷款来支付上大学的费用)”可知，黑人女性被自己种族群体和其他种族群体所歧视，因而黑人女学生可能处于最不利的地位。故选D项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。由第一段中“The most significant factors contributing to the lower rates among Black students, the study found, were experiencing acts of discrimination and managing multiple priorities that can interfere with completing coursework.(研究发现，导致黑人学生入学率较低的最重要因素是经历歧视行为和管理可能干扰完成课程的多个优先事项)”和下文内容可知，文章主要讲一项研究具体报告了一些导致黑人学生入学率较低的最重要因素，作者并未发表个人见解，可得出作者对文章中提到的现象持客观态度。故选A项。
C
A new study reveals new clues about the subtle(微妙的) but previously poorly understood evolutionary dance happening between temperatures and changes in the size of animal body parts. The new research offers important insights about how birds may adapt to the rapid rise in temperatures driven by global climate change.
For the study in Nature Communications, the researchers looked at nearly 7, 000 species of terrestrial non migratory birds—which is nearly two-thirds of all bird species—and focused on how bird species has evolved in ambient temperature(温度的梯度) and other factors of selection.
Two widely accepted “rules” in biology indicate that as local temperatures change, animals are likely to adjust heat transfer capabilities by changing the size of their bodies and extremities(四肢).
Biologist Carl Bergmann’s rule states that colder climates spawn bigger bodies because they help keep heat while smaller bodies help shed it. As a result, a polar bear is more than 2 1/2 times as tall at the shoulder as a sun bear from equatorial regions.
Zoologist Joel Asaph Allen’s rule deals with extremities, such as limbs, ears, and beaks, stating that animals in colder climates tend to have smaller extremities because extremities tend to have more surface than volume and are uniquely suited to shed heat. For example, arctic hares have evolved short legs and ears, whereas desert jackrabbits have evolved very longlegs and ears.
“The problem is that everything we know about ecology tells us that changing the size of bodies and extremities can be problematic,” says lead author Carlos Botero, an associate professor of integrative biology at the University of Texas at Austin.
For example if body size decreases, birds may not be able to hunt the same food as their ancestors. Similarly, if the average size or shape of a bill changes, birds may become less efficient foragers(觅食者) or have trouble producing typical mating calls.
It is not surprising that many prior studies have failed to find evidence for these predictions and that these so-called biological rules are currently controversial. The new study could clarify that debate by showing that although the patterns that Bergmann and Allen predicted occur in the wild, the two separate mechanisms complement each other.
8. What is the new study about?
A. The two rules proposed by previous researchers.
B. The differences between animals in cold and warm areas.
C. The effect global climate change has on animals’ foraging.
D. The way birds evolve in response to the rising temperature.
9. What does the underlined word “spawn” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. make for B. bring in C. arise from D. wipeout
10. According to the passage, the birds in the colder areas tend to have .
A. bigger bodies and longer legs. B. bigger bodies and shorter legs.
C. smaller bodies and longer legs. D. smaller bodies and shorter legs.
11. What can we learn from the passage?
A. The two rules with separate mechanisms are contradictory.
B. The new study combines the prior studies and the two rules.
C. The new study provides supporting evidence for the two rules.
D. The two rules show animals change the body size to keep heat
【答案】8. D 9. A 10. B 11. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究揭示了在温度和动物身体部位大小变化之间发生的微妙但以前鲜为人知的进化跳跃的新线索。这项新研究为鸟类如何适应全球气候变化导致的气温迅速上升提供了重要的见解。文章对此进行了介绍。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“A new study reveals new clues about the subtle(微妙的) but previously poorly understood evolutionary dance happening between temperatures and changes in the size of animal body parts. The new research offers important insights about how birds may adapt to the rapid rise in temperatures driven by global climate change.(一项新的研究揭示了在温度和动物身体部位大小变化之间发生的微妙但以前鲜为人知的进化跳跃的新线索。这项新研究为鸟类如何适应全球气候变化导致的气温迅速上升提供了重要的见解。)”可知，这项新研究是关于鸟类对气温上升的反应。故选D。
【9题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第四段第二句“As a result, a polar bear is more than 2 1/2 times as tall at the shoulder as a sun bear from equatorial regions.(因此，北极熊的肩高是赤道地区马来熊的2.5倍多。)”可知，此处是指较冷的气候会导致更大的动物体型，所以spawn意为“引起，导致”。故选A。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段第二句“For example, arctic hares have evolved short legs and ears, whereas desert jackrabbits have evolved very longlegs and ears.(例如，北极野兔进化出了短腿和耳朵，而沙漠大野兔进化出了非常长的腿和耳朵。)”和第四段第二句“As a result, a polar bear is more than 2 1/2 times as tall at the shoulder as a sun bear from equatorial regions.(因此，北极熊的肩高是赤道地区马来熊的2.5倍多。)”可知，寒冷地区的鸟类往往有更大的身体和更短的腿。故选B。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“The new study could clarify that debate by showing that although the patterns that Bergmann and Allen predicted occur in the wild, the two separate mechanisms complement each other.(这项新的研究表明，尽管Bergmann和Allen预测的模式在野外也会出现，但这两种不同的机制是互补的，从而澄清了这一争论。)”和第一段“A new study reveals new clues about the subtle(微妙的) but previously poorly understood evolutionary dance happening between temperatures and changes in the size of animal body parts. The new research offers important insights about how birds may adapt to the rapid rise in temperatures driven by global climate change.(一项新的研究揭示了在温度和动物身体部位大小变化之间发生的微妙但以前鲜为人知的进化跳跃的新线索。这项新研究为鸟类如何适应全球气候变化导致的气温迅速上升提供了重要的见解。)”可知，这项新研究为这两条规则提供了支持性证据。故选C。
D
U.S. forests could worsen global warming instead of easing it because they are being destroyed by natural disasters and are losing their ability to absorb planet-warming gases as they get older, a new Agriculture Department report says.
U.S. forests currently absorb 11 percent of U.S carbon emissions, or 150 million metric tons of carbon a year, equal to the combined emissions from 40 coal power plants, the report says. It predicts that the ability of forests to absorb carbon will start falling quickly after 2025 and that forests could emit up to 100 million metric tons of carbon a year as their emissions from rotting trees exceed their carbon absorption. Forests could become a “substantial carbon source” by 2070, the USDA report says.
The prediction suggests that the loss of forests as a natural carbon absorber will require the U.S. to cut emissions more rapidly to reach net zero, said Lynn Riley, a senior manager of climate science at the American Forest Foundation.
“Ten percent of our domestic emissions. That is a really significant portion,” Riley said. “As we work to decarbonize...forests are one of the greatest tools at our disposal. If we were to lose that, it means the U.S. will contribute that much more in emissions.”
The loss of cab on absorption is driven in part by natural disasters such as wildfires, tornadoes and hurricanes, which are increasing in frequency and strength as global temperatures rise. The disasters destroy forestland, disrupting their ecosystem and decreasing their ability to absorb carbon, Riley said.
Exploitation of forested areas, which the report projects will continue to increase, is having the same effect as people increasingly move to the so-called wild and urban interface.
The trees’ ability to absorb carbon weakens overtime. Older, mature trees absorb less carbon than younger trees of the same species, and the U.S. forests are rapidly aging, the report found.
More aggressive forest management can help by cutting down a small portion of aging forests to make ways for younger trees that absorb more carbon, Riley said. A thorough study of each forest should be done before removing older trees, Riley said, comparing forest management to prescribing the proper dugs to a patient.
12. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. Coal power plants emit 150 million metric tons of carbon every year
B. Cutting down all older trees is an effective way to solve the problem.
C. A new study of forest should be conducted after removing older trees.
D. Forests are likely to shift from a carbon absorber to an emission source.
13. What can we infer from what Riley said in paragraph 3 and 4?
A. Forests play a crucial role in holding carbon.
B. Forests are no longer a natural carbon absorber.
C. The U.S makes contributions to decarbonization.
D. Achieving net zero emissions is within easy reach.
14. The following factors can cause the loss of carbon absorption EXCEPT .
A. aging forests B. natural disasters
C. global warming D. development of forests
15. What is the best title of the passage?
A. Cutting Carbon Helps Slow Global Warming.
B. Global Warming Is Becoming Worse Gradually.
C. Forests Are Losing Their Ability to Hold Carbon.
D. Planting More Trees Is at The Top of The Agenda.
【答案】12. D 13. A 14. D 15. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。美国农业部的一份新报告称，美国的森林正在遭受自然灾害的破坏，随着年龄的增长，它们正在失去吸收温室气体的能力，这可能会加剧全球变暖，而不是缓解全球变暖。文章对此进行了详细介绍。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“It predicts that the ability of forests to absorb carbon will start falling quickly after 2025 and that forests could emit up to 100 million metric tons of carbon a year as their emissions from rotting trees exceed their carbon absorption. Forests could become a “substantial carbon source” by 2070, the USDA report says.(它预测，森林吸收碳的能力将在2025年之后开始迅速下降，森林每年可能排放高达1亿吨的碳，因为腐烂的树木排放的碳超过了它们吸收的碳。美国农业部的报告称，到2070年，森林可能成为“重要的碳源”。)”可知，森林很可能从碳吸收器转变为排放源。故选D。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段第二句““As we work to decarbonize...forests are one of the greatest tools at our disposal. If we were to lose that, it means the U.S. will contribute that much more in emissions.”(“在我们努力脱碳的过程中……森林是我们可以利用的最伟大的工具之一。如果我们失去了这一点，这意味着美国将贡献更多的排放。”)”可知，从莱利在第3段和第4段所说的话中可以推断出森林在储存碳方面起着至关重要的作用。故选A。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“The loss of cab on absorption is driven in part by natural disasters such as wildfires, tornadoes and hurricanes, which are increasing in frequency and strength as global temperatures rise.(吸收损失部分是由野火、龙卷风和飓风等自然灾害造成的，随着全球气温上升，这些自然灾害的频率和强度都在增加。)”可知，自然灾害和全球变暖都会引起碳吸收损失，根据第一段“U.S. forests could worsen global warming instead of easing it because they are being destroyed by natural disasters and are losing their ability to absorb planet-warming gases as they get older, a new Agriculture Department report says.(美国农业部的一份新报告称，美国的森林正在遭受自然灾害的破坏，随着年龄的增长，它们正在失去吸收温室气体的能力，这可能会加剧全球变暖，而不是缓解全球变暖。)”可知，树木老化也会引起碳吸收损失。故选D。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“U.S. forests could worsen global warming instead of easing it because they are being destroyed by natural disasters and are losing their ability to absorb planet-warming gases as they get older, a new Agriculture Department report says.(美国农业部的一份新报告称，美国的森林正在遭受自然灾害的破坏，随着年龄的增长，它们正在失去吸收温室气体的能力，这可能会加剧全球变暖，而不是缓解全球变暖。)”可知，文章主要是讲随着树木的老化，森林正在失去吸收温室气体的能力。故选C。
第二节(共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The World Book Day, also called World Book and Copyright Day, falls on April 23rd._____16_____ Reading extensively exposes you to new ideas and knowledge, improves your concentration and memory, and enhances your creativity and critical thinking skills.
Despite the importance of reading, many students today don’t have a good habit of reading. There are a few reasons for this: lack of time and motivation, abundance of digital distractions and failure to stick to reading. However, these challenges can be overcome with your conscious efforts.
First, you need to make time for reading by limiting time spent on social media or other leisure activities. Start with just 15—30 minutes a day of reading and you can work your way up to longer sessions.____17____Many libraries also have digital book options if you prefer e-readers or audiobooks.
Second, build the habit by scheduling reading time each day and sticking to it.____18____Even just having a regular routine on certain days of the week, such as reading Monday to Friday after dinner for example, can help you cement(巩固，加强) it as a habit.
Finally, track your progress to stay on track. Set monthly reading goals to achieve and record the books you read, how long the sessions were and any key insights gained. It is a traditional way to write on a notebook.____19____.
By making reading a priority, limiting distractions, setting a regular schedule, and tracking your progress, you can successfully develop the habit of reading.____20____So take the first step to cultivate this important habit today. Your future self will surely thank you for it.
A. Today using an app may make it easier to achieve.
B. The goal of the day is to engage people in reading.
C. Habits are formed through consistency and repetition.
D Developing a habit of reading is particularly unnecessary.
E. Protecting the copyright is likely to be the focus of the day.
F. A lifelong love of reading will enrich your life in so many ways.
G. Find books you are genuinely interested in to help build motivation.
【答案】16. B 17. G 18. C 19. A 20. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了养成阅读这一良好习惯的几种方式。
【16题详解】
前文“The World Book Day, also called World Book and Copyright Day, falls on April 23rd. ( 4月23日是世界图书日，也称为世界图书和版权日。)”引出世界图书日，空处应承接上文，围绕读书日这一天展开论述，B项“这一天的目标是让人们参与阅读。”符合题意，选项中的the day指代前文中的The World Book Day。故选B。
【17题详解】
后文“Many libraries also have digital book options if you prefer e-readers or audiobooks.(如果你喜欢电子阅读器或有声读物，许多图书馆也有电子书可供选择。)”讲述了可以选择图书馆的电子书，根据句中的also可知，空处应讲述可以选择其他某种图书类型，G项“找一些你真正感兴趣的书来帮助建立（阅读的）动力。”符合题意。故选G。
【18题详解】
本段首句“Second, build the habit by scheduling reading time each day and sticking to it.(其次，通过每天安排阅读时间并坚持来促成习惯的养成。)”是段落主旨句，讲述了要每天坚持阅读，养成阅读习惯，空处应承接上文，C项“习惯是通过坚持和重复培养起来的。”符合题意，且选项中的Habits和前文中的habit对应。故选C。
【19题详解】
前文“Set monthly reading goals to achieve and record the books you read, how long the sessions were and any key insights gained. It is a traditional way to write on a notebook.(设定每月的阅读目标，以实现并记录你读过的书、课程时间以及获得的任何关键见解。在笔记本上写是一种传统方式。)”讲述了在笔记本上记录你读过的书、课程时间以及获得的任何关键见解，这是一种传统方式，空处应承接上文，讲述传统之外的其他记录方式，A项“如今，使用应用程序可能会使其更容易实现。”符合题意。故选A。
【20题详解】
后文“So take the first step to cultivate this important habit today. Your future self will surely thank you for it.(所以，今天就迈出培养这个重要习惯的第一步。你未来的自己一定会为此感谢你。)”呼吁迈出培养阅读习惯的第一步，这将有助于塑造更好的自我，由So可知，空前应讲述这个习惯对读者自身的好处，与后句形成因果关系，F项“终身热爱阅读会在很多方面丰富你的生活。”符合题意。故选F。
第三部分：语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The first cable car originated from San Francisco. They were invented before the automobile in the days when horse-drawn streetcars were the popular public transportation.
One day, Andrew Hallidie, whose father was the inventor of the wire rope, witnessed a terrible ____21____ involving a streetcar for which it was that ____22____ the idea of the cable railway. He was wandering around the street when he noticed a horse struggling to ____23____ the streetcar up Jackson Street. It’s _____24_____ and was dragged back down a hill, passengers and goods _____25_____ out of the carriage. This scene triggered Hallidie to find a ____26____ way to transport people and things.
Back home, Hallidie ____27____ strands of wire ropes to make wire cables, believing the cables would be ____28____ enough to pull the cable cars. Then he found someone to help him ____29____ the cars, with difficulty but successfully. He also managed to get the help of William E. Eppelsheimer, a German engineer, who _____30_____ the first cable car line. Finally, Hallidie obtained a formal _____31_____ from a lawyer named Benjamin Brooks to build a valid system.
August 2, 1873 saw the first trial of the cable car. Originally, Hallidie hired a grip man to operate the car. But after looking down the _____32_____ hill, the man refused firmly. Hallidie decided to _____33_____ it by himself from Jones Street to Kearney Street by way of Clay Street, known as the Clay Street Hill line today. About one month after the test run, the Line opened for _____34_____ use. From then on, other lines opened in San Francisco as well as in other U.S cities and cities overseas. Till now, San Francisco is the only city where the cable car still _____35_____.
21. A. accident B. horse C. quarrel D. game
22. A. reminded B. conceived C. recalled D. convinced
23. A. catch B. push C. kick D. pull
24. A. slipped B. slid C. ran D. jumped
25 A. collapsing B. falling C. erupting D. unfolding
26. A. wiser B. rougher C. safer D. broader
27. A. twisted B. revised C. fixed D. divided
28. A. long B. thick C. rough D. strong
29. A. manufacture B. sell C. design D. advertise
30. A. took on B. pulled up C. built up D. laid out
31. A. announcement B. permission C. commitment D. appointment
32. A. wide B. steep C. primitive D. remote
33. A. fetch B. drag C. drive D. direct
34. A. public B. personal C. outside D. external
35. A. hatches B. refreshes C. operates D. casts
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. D 29. C 30. D 31. B 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Andrew Hallidie因看到一场马拉货车摔倒的事故，迸发了发明电缆车的想法。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一天，安德鲁·哈利迪（Andrew Hallidie），他的父亲是钢丝绳的发明者，目睹了一场可怕的事故，涉及一辆马车，正是因为这辆马车，电缆轨道的想法应运而生。A. accident事故；B. horse马；C. quarrel吵架；D. game游戏。由下文“was dragged back down a hill (被拖下山)”可知，马车被拖下山，这是发生了一场事故。故选A项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天，安德鲁·哈利迪（Andrew Hallidie），他的父亲是钢丝绳的发明者，目睹了一场可怕的事故，涉及一辆马车，正是因为这辆马车，电缆轨道的想法应运而生。A. reminded提醒；B. conceived想出、构想；C. recalled使想起；D. convinced说服。由下文“This scene triggered Hallidie to find a ____6____ way to transport people and things. (这一幕促使哈利迪去找到一种____6____的方式来运送人和物)”可知，马车被拖下山这一事故使电缆轨道的想法被构想出来。故选B项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他在街上闲逛时，他注意到一匹马正奋力将马车拉上杰克逊街。A. catch抓住；B. push推；C. kick踢；D. pull拉。与下文“was dragged back down a hill (被拖下山)”马车被拖下山相对照，此处在讲马正奋力将马车拉上杰克逊街。故选D项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它滑了一滑，被拖下山，乘客和货物从车厢里掉了出来。A. slipped（意外而不自主地）滑落、下降；B. slid（在一个光滑的表面持续地）滑动；C. ran跑步；D. jumped跳跃。由下文“was dragged back down a hill (被拖下山)”可知，马应该是滑了一滑，才被拖下山的。故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它滑了一滑，被拖下山，乘客和货物从车厢里掉了出来。A. collapsing倒塌；B. falling落（到）；C. erupting爆发；D. unfolding展开。由上文“was dragged back down a hill (被拖下山)”可知，发生了马车被拖下山的事故，乘客和货物肯定也从车厢里掉了出来，才能体现事故场景。故选B项。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一幕促使哈利迪找到了一种更安全的方式来运送人和物。A. wiser更聪明的；B. rougher更粗糙的；C. safer更安全的；D. broader更广泛的。由上文语境可知，发生了马车被拖下山的事故，乘客和货物从车厢里掉了出来，这危险的场景使哈利迪想找到一种更安全的方式来运送人和物。故选C项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：回到家里，哈利迪把几股钢丝绳拧成钢缆，相信这些钢缆足够坚固，可以拉动缆车。A. twisted扭转；B. revised修正；C. fixed修理；D. divided分开。由下文“strands of wire ropes to make wire cables”可知，此处指哈利迪把几股钢丝绳拧成钢缆，去增加钢缆的结实性。故选A项。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：回到家里，哈利迪把几股钢丝绳拧成钢缆，相信这些钢缆足够坚固，可以拉动缆车。A. long长的；B. thick厚的；C. rough粗糙的；D. strong坚强的。由上文“strands of wire ropes to make wire cables”可知，把几股钢丝绳拧成钢缆，增加了钢缆的结实性，让钢缆足够坚固以拉动缆车。故选D项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后他找人帮他设计汽车，虽然困难重重，但还是成功了。A. manufacture生产；B. sell卖；C. design设计；D. advertise做广告。由本处语境和电缆车的发明可知，他找人帮他设计电缆汽车。故选C项。
【30题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：他还设法得到了德国工程师William E.Eppelsheimer的帮助，他铺设了第一条缆车线路。A. took on承担；B. pulled up拔起；C. built up建立；D. laid out铺开、排列。由电缆车的发明和下文“the first cable car line”可知，此处指铺设第一条电缆车线路。故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，哈利迪从一位名叫Benjamin Brooks的律师那里获得了建立有效系统的正式许可。A. announcement宣布；B. permission许可；C. commitment承诺；D. appointment约会。由下文“a lawyer”和“to build a valid system”可知，律师工作内容与法律许可等相关，哈利迪想建立有效的电缆车系统，是需要获得政府许可的。故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但在看了看陡峭的山坡后，那个人坚决拒绝了。A. wide广泛的；B. steep陡峭的；C. primitive原始的；D. remote遥远的。由下文“the man refused firmly”可知，应该是一个陡峭的山坡，看到害怕，那个人才拒绝的。故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：哈利迪决定自己开车从琼斯街经过克莱街到科尔尼街，今天被称为克莱街希尔线。A. fetch拿来；B. drag拖；C. drive开车；D. direct指示。由上文“the man refused firmly (那个人坚决拒绝了)”和下文“it by himself”可知，雇佣的人看到陡峭的山坡后拒绝试车，最后哈利迪亲自上阵，自己开车。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：试运行大约一个月后，该线路向公众开放。A. public公共的；B. personal个人的；C. outside外面的；D. external外部的。呼应下文“From then on, other lines opened in San Francisco as well as in other U.S cities and cities overseas. (从那时起，其他线路在旧金山以及美国其他城市和海外城市开通)”其它线路向公众开放，试运行大约一个月后，发现安全性很好，该线路向公众开放。故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：到目前为止，旧金山是唯一一个缆车仍在运营的城市。A. hatches孵化；B. refreshes刷新；C. operates使运行；D. casts投射。由上文“The first cable car originated from San Francisco. (第一辆缆车起源于旧金山)”和本处语境可知，作为第一辆缆车起源的旧金山，其缆车仍在运营。故选C项。
第二节(共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Torch festival of the Ethnic minority
The Torch Festival, the grandest festival of the Yi people, is held around the 24th day of the sixth month of the lunar calendar. The Yi people think fire possesses a superhuman power_____36_____can drive away evil and frighten off ghosts. They have_____37_____a special relationship with fire that they call themselves the “fire nationality”.
During the festival, torches, 20-30cm _____38_____diameter, a replaced upright in front of houses. At the entrance to the villages, a grand “torch tower”, standing more than 20 metres high and_____39_____(make) of pine branches and dry firewood,_____40_____.(decorate) with fresh flowers and fruits.
At last, with expectation and wishes_____41_____(come) the long-awaited moment. After dinner, as darkness casts its shadow, young and old,_____42_____(dress) in their most ceremonial and splendid costumes decorated with sparkling ornaments, rush_____43_____(excite) to the “torch tower” square. Cheers and screams of delight burst from the crowd, while the soaring flames brighten the darkness of the night and warm everyone present at the scene.
On such a brilliant and marvelous night, the_____44_____(participate) are overjoyed by the grand spectacle and the atmosphere of celebration. Young men and women sing and dance hand in hand around the bonfire________45________(express) their gratitude for a life of plenty and good wishes for the coming year.
【答案】36. that##which
37. such 38. in
39. made 40. is decorated
41. comes 42. dressed
43. excitedly
44. participants
45. to express
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍少数民族火把节。
【36题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：彝族认为火具有驱邪驱鬼的神力。此处a superhuman power是先行词，指物，在后面的限制性定语从句中作主语，定语从句由关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。
【37题详解】
考查结果状语从句。句意：他们与火有着如此特殊的关系，他们称自己为“火族”。根据句中a special relationship，可知由such修饰，且such与后面的that构成结果状语从句，such…that…意为“如此……以致于……”。故填such。
【38题详解】
考查介词。句意：节日期间，直径20-30厘米的火炬被替换为房屋前的立柱 。表示“在直径上”用介词in。故填in。
【39题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：在村庄的入口处，有一座高大的“火炬塔”，高20多米，由松枝和干木柴制成，上面装饰着鲜花和水果。设空处与a grand “torch tower”之间是被动关系，用过去分词。故填made。
【40题详解】
考查一般现在时的被动语态和主谓一致。句意：在村庄的入口处，有一座高大的“火炬塔”，高20多米，由松枝和干木柴制成，上面装饰着鲜花和水果。该句在描述一个客观事实，且句子主语a grand “torch tower”为第三人称单数，和谓语动词decorate之间是被动关系，是一般现在时的被动语态。故填is decorated。
【41题详解】
考查一般现在时。句意：最后，带着期待和祝福，期待已久的时刻到来了。该句是全部倒装，在描述一个客观事实，句子用一般现在时，且主语是单数第三人称形式，所以谓语动词用动词的第三人称单数形式。故填comes。
【42题详解】
考查过去分词作后置定语。句意：晚饭后，夜幕降临，老老少少穿着最隆重、最华丽的服装，装饰着闪闪发光的饰品，兴奋地涌向“火炬塔”广场。固定短语：be dressed in“穿着……，戴着……”，此处是形容词短语作后置定语。故填dressed。
【43题详解】
考查副词。句意：晚饭后，夜幕降临，老老少少穿着最隆重、最华丽的服装，装饰着闪闪发光的饰品，兴奋地涌向“火炬塔”广场。此处是副词修饰动词rush。故填excitedly。
【44题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：在这样一个辉煌而奇妙的夜晚，参加者为这壮观的场面和庆祝的气氛而欣喜若狂。此处用名词复数作主语。故填participants。
【45题详解】
考查不定式作目的状语。句意：青年男女手拉手围着篝火唱歌跳舞，以表达他们对丰饶生活的感激之情和对来年的美好祝愿。此处是动词不定式作目的状语。故填to express。
第四部分：写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假如你是李华，你向校报英文版投稿，介绍当下出现的外国人学汉语的热潮的相关情况，内容要点如下：
1.简单介绍该现象；
2.该现象产生的原因。
要求：
1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Editor,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Editor,
I am writing to share an interesting trend—an increasing number of foreigners are keen on learning the Chinese language. The reasons behind this are obvious.
First, as our country continues to play an increasingly important role on the world stage, more foreigners realize that being able to communicate in Chinese can give them an advantage. Also, the charm of Chinese culture, art, and literature has captured the hearts of many foreigners. Learning Chinese allows them to better appreciate and understand those special things.
Personally, I firmly believe that as this trend continues, it not only strengthens cultural exchange but also brings new opportunities for international cooperation.
Sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于信函类应用文，要求考生以信函的写作格式给校报英文版投稿，介绍当下出现的汉语热现象，并具体分析其原因。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
越来越多的：an increasing number of→a growing number of/more and more
热衷于：be keen on→be eager for/be enthusiastic about
意识到：realize that→be aware that
允许：allow→permit
2. 句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：I am writing to share an interesting trend—an increasing number of foreigners are keen on learning the Chinese language.
拓展句：I am writing to share an interesting trend that an increasing number of foreigners are keen on learning the Chinese language.
【点睛】【高分句型1】First, as our country continues to play an increasingly important role on the world stage, more foreigners realize that being able to communicate in Chinese can give them an advantage.(使用了as引导时间状语从句、不定式短语作continues的宾语、that引导宾语从句、be able to do结构)
【高分句型2】Personally, I firmly believe that as this trend continues, it not only strengthens cultural exchange but also brings new opportunities for international cooperation.(使用了that引导宾语从句、as引导时间状语从句、not only…but also…连接并列结构)
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
One day I got stuck in the Tube on my way to work.
The Tube—that’s what most people call it—is London’s underground railway system.
It was about nine o'clock in the morning, the middle of the rush-hour. Nobody had expected something unusual would happen later and everyone was doing their usual: a pretty girl gave her boyfriend sweet kisses one after another. Sitting next to me, a young woman with a suitcase and a baby took a scarf out of her suitcase and made her baby a nest, so that it could lie more comfortably. In fact, the train had just left Green Park Station when, instead of speeding up, it started to slow down and then came to a stand-still.
Ten minutes passed, though it seemed like half a day. the train didn’t move. Had the railwaymen forgotten all about our existence? Had there been a crash on the line in front? How serious was the breakdown? We had no means of knowing. However, to anxious people who are stuck in the Tube, I suppose it doesn’t really matter what it is that has broken down. What they care is when they can get out of the trouble.
Twenty minutes passed. All hope of getting to work on time had long since gone. Had the train really broken down? Several people thought so, but they were wrong. A railwayman at last came down the length of the train to tell us that the power supply had failed, and that we were not to worry as they were working to put it right.
We could not leave the train, as it had stopped in the tunnel (隧道), not at a station. There was nothing else to do. The weak signal disabled cellphones. Besides, the train was getting hot and stuffy (闷). I even began to wonder if we were going to stay there for the rest of the day.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左石：
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The hopeless waiting in the darkness drove us crazy.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
As a commuter (上班族) who traveled to work on the train every day, I thought it my duty to do something.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】The hopeless waiting in the darkness drove us crazy. We could not bear the heat inside the train any longer. Those standing by the windows attempted to open them to let in fresh air but ended up in failure. The impatient complaints were mixed with angry punches on the wall, which made the baby in the comfortable nest burst out crying.
As a commuter who traveled to work on the train every day, I thought it my duty to do something. Clearing my throat, I picked up my courage and started a song for the baby as well as for everyone out there: Twinkle, Twinkle, little star, how I wonder what you are…Unexpectedly, my neighboring passengers joined me immediately they heard me. Then, more and more passengers joined in the song. When we finished the song in chorus, a cheer went up. Because the light flashed and the train moved slowly off towards the next station. At the same time, I could see our faces lit up.
【解析】
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者一天上班途中，火车突然停了下来，车上的人们纷纷猜测发生了什么，二十分钟后，人们终于弄清楚，是火车电源失灵了，正在检修中，因为在隧道里，作者和其他乘客只能呆在又热又闷的火车里，怀疑自己是否会在那里呆一整天。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“黑暗中绝望的等待把我们逼疯了。”可知，第一段可描写作者他们在闷热的火车里很难受，新鲜空气进不来，乘客开始抱怨、焦躁起来。
②由第二段首句内容“作为一个每天坐火车上班的通勤者，我认为做点什么是我的责任。”可知，第二段可描写在这样的不安的情况下，作者唱起小星星，没想到越来越多的乘客加入唱歌，歌唱完，火车灯亮了，火车启动了，人们也露出喜色了。
2.续写线索：等待——抱怨——唱歌——一起唱——火车启动——露出喜色
3.词汇激活
行为类
①等待：waiting in the darkness
②开始唱歌：started a song
③立即加入我：joined me immediately
④露出喜色：lit up
情绪类
①绝望的：hopeless
②不耐烦的抱怨：The impatient complaints
③突然大哭起来：burst out crying
④一阵欢呼声：a cheer
【点睛】[高分句型1]. The impatient complaints were mixed with angry punches on the wall, which made the baby in the comfortable nest burst out crying.（由关系词which引导的非限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2]. Clearing my throat, I picked up my courage and started a song for the baby as well as for everyone out there: Twinkle, Twinkle, little star, how I wonder what you are…（现在分词短语作状语）
2024届高三期初学业质量监测试卷
英语
注意事项
考生在答题前请认真阅读本注意事项及各题答题要求
1.本试卷共10页，满分150分，考试时间为120分钟。考试结束后，请将答题卷交回。
2.答题前，请您务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、座位号用0.5毫米黑色字迹签字笔填写在答题卷上。
3.请认真核对监考员在答题卡上所粘贴的条形码上的姓名、考试证号与你本人的是否相符。
4.作答选择题必须用2B铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案。作答非选择题必须用书写黑色字迹的0.5毫米的签字笔写在答题卷上的指定位置，在其它位置作答一律无效。
第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面的5段对话。每段对话后都有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Why was the man late for work?
A. He was stuck in traffic.
B. He had a traffic accident.
C. His car broke down on the road.
2. What does the man like about the new shop?
A. The location. B. The assistants. C. The clothes.
3. What is the man doing?
A. Placing an order. B. Asking about an item. C. Requesting a delivery service.
4. Who might Lily be?
A. The woman’s babysitter. B. The woman’s boss. C. The woman’s child.
5 What does the woman agree to do?
A. Change seats. B. Call off her trip. C. Travel on a different day.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. How does the woman describe the furniture store?
A. There are goods of a high quality.
B. There are good bargains on sale.
C. They sell goods online as well.
7. What will the man do first?
A. Surf the Internet. B. Go to the store. C. Compare prices.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. When does the conversation take place?
A. In the morning. B. At noon. C. In the afternoon.
9. Why doesn’t the mango to the conference room now?
A. He needs to meet the clients.
B. He is working on another task.
C. He has checked the heater before.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What are the speakers discussing?
A. The woman’s cousin. B. Their weekend plans. C. A local band.
11. Who is the woman scheduled to meet?
A. A relative. B. A band member. C. A concert organizer.
12. What does the man offer to do?
A. Convince Jane.
B. Pay for the tickets.
C. Find out the availability of tickets.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What happened to the woman at the beginning?
A. She lost her phone.
B. She couldn’t find the way.
C. She was trapped in heavy snow.
14. How did the woman keep warm?
A. By having more clothes on.
B. By using the car heater.
C. By drinking hot tea.
15. Why did the woman turnoff the engine?
A. It broke down.
B. She stopped to answer a call.
C. The car was running out of gas.
16. What did the emergency services do?
A. They called an ambulance.
B. They led the woman to her home.
C. They helped the woman go to the main road.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What kind of place is Oldsville?
A. An oilfield. B. A tourist area. C. A deserted train station.
18 What can tourists see right beside the track?
A. Desert plants. B. Trees. C. Animals.
19. What do we know about the bridge?
A. It is dangerous. B. It is over a deep river. C. It is made of wood.
20. Where can tourists get drinks?
A. From a store. B. From the speaker. C. From a machine.
第二部分：阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Nashville TN
Welcome to your Music City vacation planning center, where you can make reservations for lodging, activities, dining and more! You can meet today’s hottest stars and country music legends at the Grand Ole Opry, cruise the Cumberland aboard the General Jackson Showboat Dinner Cruise or tour the sights!
Classic Music City Attractions
When one thinks of Music City, there are several attractions that immediately come to mind, namely the Grand Ole Opry, The General Jackson Showboat Dinner Cruise, and the Ryman Auditorium.
Some of the most amazing stars have taken the stage at the Grand Ole Opry. Another historic venue in Music City is the Ryman Auditorium. As well as attending concerts and shows, visitors to the Ryman can take leisurely tours to learn all about the history of the performing center.
Architectural Wonders
As one of the most beautiful cities in the United States, it is no wonder that this city is home to some of the most impressive pieces of architecture. From landmarks to universities and everything in between, those who have a passion for history are sure to have an amazing time exploring these places.
Music City Art & Museums
For those who love art, the Frist Center is a must-have activity. This art museum features approximately 24, 000 sq ft filled with a variety of exhibitions and displays that are sure to impress. This non-profit center is open seven days a week and features rotating exhibits so there’s something new with each visit.
Shopping, Dining & More
Downtown is among the most popular areas of the city as it holds some of the greatest attractions and more.
East, the ever-growing region is a bustling(熙攘的) place to visit while in Music City! From an eclectic atmosphere to historic landmarks and more. From local delicious eats to breweries and shopping opportunities, this neighborhood is well worth a visit!
1. In Nashville TN, visitors can .
A. have a chance to perform on the stage.
B. explore some impressive historic buildings.
C. meet some hot stars and pickup fiction stories.
D. go shopping in Downtown, the most popular area.
2. What is special about the Frist Center?
A. Live concerts can be enjoyed.
B. It is the largest museum in Nashville TN.
C. The center is accessible every day except on holidays.
D. Visitors can get different visiting experiences every time.
3. What’s the main purpose of the passage?
A. To introduce the city of Nashville TN.
B. To help people to tailor vacation plans.
C. To arouse visitors’ interest in music and art.
D. To remind visitors of protecting Nashville TN.
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍音乐之城Nashville TN。目地是帮助人们制定度假计划。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。由Architectural Wonders中“As one of the most beautiful cities in the United States, it is no wonder that this city is home to some of the most impressive pieces of architecture. From landmarks to universities and everything in between, those who have a passion for history are sure to have an amazing time exploring these places.(作为美国最美丽的城市之一，难怪这座城市拥有一些最令人印象深刻的建筑。从地标到大学，以及介于两者之间的一切，那些对历史充满热情的人一定会在探索这些地方度过一段美妙的时光。)”可知，游客可以探索一些令人印象深刻的历史建筑。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。由Music City Art & Museums中“For those who love art, the Frist Center is a must-have activity. This art museum features approximately 24, 000 sq ft filled with a variety of exhibitions and displays that are sure to impress. This non-profit center is open seven days a week and features rotating exhibits so there’s something new with each visit.(对于那些热爱艺术的人来说，Frist Center是必不可少的活动。这座艺术博物馆占地约24000平方英尺，里面有各种各样的展览和展览，一定会给人留下深刻印象。这个非营利中心每周开放七天，以轮流展览为特色，所以每次参观都会有新的东西。)”可知，游客每次都可以获得不同的参观体验。故选D项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第一段“Welcome to your Music City vacation planning center, where you can make reservations for lodging, activities, dining and more! You can meet today’s hottest stars and country music legends at the Grand Ole Opry, cruise the Cumberland aboard the General Jackson Showboat Dinner Cruise or tour the sights!(欢迎来到您的音乐城度假规划中心，在那里您可以预订住宿、活动、餐饮等！您可以在Grand Ole Opry与当今最炙手可热的明星和乡村音乐传奇人物见面，乘坐General Jackson游船晚餐巡游Cumberland，或游览景点！)”以及后文可知，文章主要为游客介绍音乐之城Nashville TN的一些旅游景点，所以B项To help people to tailor vacation plans.(帮助人们制定度假计划。)符合语境。故选B项。
B
Black students reported facing barriers that prevent them from completing their undergraduate studies in six years or less, regardless of the type of certificate or degree program, according to research published Thursday by Gallup and the Lumina Foundation. The most significant factors contributing to the lower rates among Black students, the study found, were experiencing acts of discrimination and managing multiple priorities that can interfere with completing coursework.
The report compiled data in fall 2022 from 6, 008 college students across different certification and degree programs, including 1, 106 Black students.
21% of Black respondents said they felt discriminated against frequently or occasionally compared to 15% of other students. Black students were also more likely to have shared that they felt disrespected or psychologically unsafe at an institution while learning. 28% of Black students who attended an institution with little diversity felt physically unsafe, while 26% felt disrespected and 27% felt psychologically unsafe.
Managing multiple priorities was another factor interfering with Black students’ education goals. The report found that 22% of Black students overall have caregiving responsibilities, compared to 11% of students in other racial groups, and 20% of Black students overall have full-time jobs, compared to 11% of other racial groups.
Aside from discrimination and the task of managing responsibilities, the data also acknowledged other barriers making it difficult for Black students to complete their education, including the high costs of attending school. An April 2022 report by The Education Trust found that because Black women fall within two marginalized groups, they make less money and often have to takeout more loans to cover the cost of attending college.
4. Which factor can’t lead to the lower rate of completing education among black students directly?
A. Management of multiple priorities. B. Experiences of discrimination.
C. The types of certificate or degree programs. D. High costs of attending school.
5. How did the researcher draw the conclusion?
A. By referring to previous studies.
B. By making some comparisons.
C. By explaining causes and effects.
D By analyzing respondents’ psychology.
6. What can we infer from the passage?
A. About 21% of Black students feel discriminated against frequently.
B. Black students feel discriminated mainly due to physical in security.
C. Black students have to take full-time jobs for lack of access to loans.
D. The black female students may be in the most disadvantaged position.
7. What’s the author’s attitude towards the phenomenon referred to in the passage?
A. Objective. B. Favorable. C. Critical. D. Concerned.
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. D 7. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲一项研究具体报告了一些导致黑人学生入学率较低的最重要因素。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。由第一段中“The most significant factors contributing to the lower rates among Black students, the study found, were experiencing acts of discrimination and managing multiple priorities that can interfere with completing coursework. (研究发现，导致黑人学生入学率较低的最重要因素是经历歧视行为和管理可能干扰完成课程的多个优先事项)”和最后一段中“Aside from discrimination and the task of managing responsibilities, the data also acknowledged other barriers making it difficult for Black students to complete their education, including the high costs of attending school. (除了歧视和管理责任的任务外，数据还承认了其他使黑人学生难以完成学业的障碍，包括高昂的上学成本)”可知，多个优先事项的管理、歧视的经历和上学费用高能直接导致黑人学生完成教育的比率较低，C项“证书或学位课程的类型”无法直接导致黑人学生完成教育的比率较低。故选C项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。由第三段中“21% of Black respondents said they felt discriminated against frequently or occasionally compared to 15% of other students. (21%的黑人受访者表示，他们经常或偶尔感到受到歧视，而其他学生的这一比例为15%)”和第四段中“The report found that 22% of Black students overall have caregiving responsibilities, compared to 11% of students in other racial groups, and 20% of Black students overall have full-time jobs, compared to 11% of other racial groups. (报告发现，22%的黑人学生总体上有照顾责任，而其他种族群体的学生只有11%，20%的黑人学生整体上有全职工作，而其他族裔群体的这一比例为11%)”可知，研究人员是通过把黑人学生和其他族裔学生进行对比而得出结论的。故选B项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。由最后一段中“An April 2022 report by The Education Trust found that because Black women fall within two marginalized groups, they make less money and often have to takeout more loans to cover the cost of attending college. (教育信托基金会2022年4月的一份报告发现，由于黑人女性属于两个边缘化群体，她们赚的钱更少，而且往往不得不获得更多的贷款来支付上大学的费用)”可知，黑人女性被自己种族群体和其他种族群体所歧视，因而黑人女学生可能处于最不利的地位。故选D项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。由第一段中“The most significant factors contributing to the lower rates among Black students, the study found, were experiencing acts of discrimination and managing multiple priorities that can interfere with completing coursework.(研究发现，导致黑人学生入学率较低的最重要因素是经历歧视行为和管理可能干扰完成课程的多个优先事项)”和下文内容可知，文章主要讲一项研究具体报告了一些导致黑人学生入学率较低的最重要因素，作者并未发表个人见解，可得出作者对文章中提到的现象持客观态度。故选A项。
C
A new study reveals new clues about the subtle(微妙的) but previously poorly understood evolutionary dance happening between temperatures and changes in the size of animal body parts. The new research offers important insights about how birds may adapt to the rapid rise in temperatures driven by global climate change.
For the study in Nature Communications, the researchers looked at nearly 7, 000 species of terrestrial non migratory birds—which is nearly two-thirds of all bird species—and focused on how bird species has evolved in ambient temperature(温度的梯度) and other factors of selection.
Two widely accepted “rules” in biology indicate that as local temperatures change, animals are likely to adjust heat transfer capabilities by changing the size of their bodies and extremities(四肢).
Biologist Carl Bergmann’s rule states that colder climates spawn bigger bodies because they help keep heat while smaller bodies help shed it. As a result, a polar bear is more than 2 1/2 times as tall at the shoulder as a sun bear from equatorial regions.
Zoologist Joel Asaph Allen’s rule deals with extremities, such as limbs, ears, and beaks, stating that animals in colder climates tend to have smaller extremities because extremities tend to have more surface than volume and are uniquely suited to shed heat. For example, arctic hares have evolved short legs and ears, whereas desert jackrabbits have evolved very longlegs and ears.
“The problem is that everything we know about ecology tells us that changing the size of bodies and extremities can be problematic,” says lead author Carlos Botero, an associate professor of integrative biology at the University of Texas at Austin.
For example if body size decreases, birds may not be able to hunt the same food as their ancestors. Similarly, if the average size or shape of a bill changes, birds may become less efficient foragers(觅食者) or have trouble producing typical mating calls.
It is not surprising that many prior studies have failed to find evidence for these predictions and that these so-called biological rules are currently controversial. The new study could clarify that debate by showing that although the patterns that Bergmann and Allen predicted occur in the wild, the two separate mechanisms complement each other.
8. What is the new study about?
A. The two rules proposed by previous researchers.
B. The differences between animals in cold and warm areas.
C. The effect global climate change has on animals’ foraging.
D. The way birds evolve in response to the rising temperature.
9. What does the underlined word “spawn” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. make for B. bring in C. arise from D. wipeout
10. According to the passage, the birds in the colder areas tend to have .
A. bigger bodies and longer legs. B. bigger bodies and shorter legs.
C. smaller bodies and longer legs. D. smaller bodies and shorter legs.
11. What can we learn from the passage?
A. The two rules with separate mechanisms are contradictory.
B. The new study combines the prior studies and the two rules.
C. The new study provides supporting evidence for the two rules.
D. The two rules show animals change the body size to keep heat
【答案】8. D 9. A 10. B 11. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究揭示了在温度和动物身体部位大小变化之间发生的微妙但以前鲜为人知的进化跳跃的新线索。这项新研究为鸟类如何适应全球气候变化导致的气温迅速上升提供了重要的见解。文章对此进行了介绍。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“A new study reveals new clues about the subtle(微妙的) but previously poorly understood evolutionary dance happening between temperatures and changes in the size of animal body parts. The new research offers important insights about how birds may adapt to the rapid rise in temperatures driven by global climate change.(一项新的研究揭示了在温度和动物身体部位大小变化之间发生的微妙但以前鲜为人知的进化跳跃的新线索。这项新研究为鸟类如何适应全球气候变化导致的气温迅速上升提供了重要的见解。)”可知，这项新研究是关于鸟类对气温上升的反应。故选D。
【9题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第四段第二句“As a result, a polar bear is more than 2 1/2 times as tall at the shoulder as a sun bear from equatorial regions.(因此，北极熊的肩高是赤道地区马来熊的2.5倍多。)”可知，此处是指较冷的气候会导致更大的动物体型，所以spawn意为“引起，导致”。故选A。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段第二句“For example, arctic hares have evolved short legs and ears, whereas desert jackrabbits have evolved very longlegs and ears.(例如，北极野兔进化出了短腿和耳朵，而沙漠大野兔进化出了非常长的腿和耳朵。)”和第四段第二句“As a result, a polar bear is more than 2 1/2 times as tall at the shoulder as a sun bear from equatorial regions.(因此，北极熊的肩高是赤道地区马来熊的2.5倍多。)”可知，寒冷地区的鸟类往往有更大的身体和更短的腿。故选B。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“The new study could clarify that debate by showing that although the patterns that Bergmann and Allen predicted occur in the wild, the two separate mechanisms complement each other.(这项新的研究表明，尽管Bergmann和Allen预测的模式在野外也会出现，但这两种不同的机制是互补的，从而澄清了这一争论。)”和第一段“A new study reveals new clues about the subtle(微妙的) but previously poorly understood evolutionary dance happening between temperatures and changes in the size of animal body parts. The new research offers important insights about how birds may adapt to the rapid rise in temperatures driven by global climate change.(一项新的研究揭示了在温度和动物身体部位大小变化之间发生的微妙但以前鲜为人知的进化跳跃的新线索。这项新研究为鸟类如何适应全球气候变化导致的气温迅速上升提供了重要的见解。)”可知，这项新研究为这两条规则提供了支持性证据。故选C。
D
U.S. forests could worsen global warming instead of easing it because they are being destroyed by natural disasters and are losing their ability to absorb planet-warming gases as they get older, a new Agriculture Department report says.
U.S. forests currently absorb 11 percent of U.S carbon emissions, or 150 million metric tons of carbon a year, equal to the combined emissions from 40 coal power plants, the report says. It predicts that the ability of forests to absorb carbon will start falling quickly after 2025 and that forests could emit up to 100 million metric tons of carbon a year as their emissions from rotting trees exceed their carbon absorption. Forests could become a “substantial carbon source” by 2070, the USDA report says.
The prediction suggests that the loss of forests as a natural carbon absorber will require the U.S. to cut emissions more rapidly to reach net zero, said Lynn Riley, a senior manager of climate science at the American Forest Foundation.
“Ten percent of our domestic emissions. That is a really significant portion,” Riley said. “As we work to decarbonize...forests are one of the greatest tools at our disposal. If we were to lose that, it means the U.S. will contribute that much more in emissions.”
The loss of cab on absorption is driven in part by natural disasters such as wildfires, tornadoes and hurricanes, which are increasing in frequency and strength as global temperatures rise. The disasters destroy forestland, disrupting their ecosystem and decreasing their ability to absorb carbon, Riley said.
Exploitation of forested areas, which the report projects will continue to increase, is having the same effect as people increasingly move to the so-called wild and urban interface.
The trees’ ability to absorb carbon weakens overtime. Older, mature trees absorb less carbon than younger trees of the same species, and the U.S. forests are rapidly aging, the report found.
More aggressive forest management can help by cutting down a small portion of aging forests to make ways for younger trees that absorb more carbon, Riley said. A thorough study of each forest should be done before removing older trees, Riley said, comparing forest management to prescribing the proper dugs to a patient.
12. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. Coal power plants emit 150 million metric tons of carbon every year
B. Cutting down all older trees is an effective way to solve the problem.
C. A new study of forest should be conducted after removing older trees.
D. Forests are likely to shift from a carbon absorber to an emission source.
13. What can we infer from what Riley said in paragraph 3 and 4?
A. Forests play a crucial role in holding carbon.
B. Forests are no longer a natural carbon absorber.
C. The U.S makes contributions to decarbonization.
D. Achieving net zero emissions is within easy reach.
14. The following factors can cause the loss of carbon absorption EXCEPT .
A. aging forests B. natural disasters
C. global warming D. development of forests
15. What is the best title of the passage?
A. Cutting Carbon Helps Slow Global Warming.
B. Global Warming Is Becoming Worse Gradually.
C. Forests Are Losing Their Ability to Hold Carbon.
D. Planting More Trees Is at The Top of The Agenda.
【答案】12. D 13. A 14. D 15. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。美国农业部的一份新报告称，美国的森林正在遭受自然灾害的破坏，随着年龄的增长，它们正在失去吸收温室气体的能力，这可能会加剧全球变暖，而不是缓解全球变暖。文章对此进行了详细介绍。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“It predicts that the ability of forests to absorb carbon will start falling quickly after 2025 and that forests could emit up to 100 million metric tons of carbon a year as their emissions from rotting trees exceed their carbon absorption. Forests could become a “substantial carbon source” by 2070, the USDA report says.(它预测，森林吸收碳的能力将在2025年之后开始迅速下降，森林每年可能排放高达1亿吨的碳，因为腐烂的树木排放的碳超过了它们吸收的碳。美国农业部的报告称，到2070年，森林可能成为“重要的碳源”。)”可知，森林很可能从碳吸收器转变为排放源。故选D。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段第二句““As we work to decarbonize...forests are one of the greatest tools at our disposal. If we were to lose that, it means the U.S. will contribute that much more in emissions.”(“在我们努力脱碳的过程中……森林是我们可以利用的最伟大的工具之一。如果我们失去了这一点，这意味着美国将贡献更多的排放。”)”可知，从莱利在第3段和第4段所说的话中可以推断出森林在储存碳方面起着至关重要的作用。故选A。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“The loss of cab on absorption is driven in part by natural disasters such as wildfires, tornadoes and hurricanes, which are increasing in frequency and strength as global temperatures rise.(吸收损失部分是由野火、龙卷风和飓风等自然灾害造成的，随着全球气温上升，这些自然灾害的频率和强度都在增加。)”可知，自然灾害和全球变暖都会引起碳吸收损失，根据第一段“U.S. forests could worsen global warming instead of easing it because they are being destroyed by natural disasters and are losing their ability to absorb planet-warming gases as they get older, a new Agriculture Department report says.(美国农业部的一份新报告称，美国的森林正在遭受自然灾害的破坏，随着年龄的增长，它们正在失去吸收温室气体的能力，这可能会加剧全球变暖，而不是缓解全球变暖。)”可知，树木老化也会引起碳吸收损失。故选D。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“U.S. forests could worsen global warming instead of easing it because they are being destroyed by natural disasters and are losing their ability to absorb planet-warming gases as they get older, a new Agriculture Department report says.(美国农业部的一份新报告称，美国的森林正在遭受自然灾害的破坏，随着年龄的增长，它们正在失去吸收温室气体的能力，这可能会加剧全球变暖，而不是缓解全球变暖。)”可知，文章主要是讲随着树木的老化，森林正在失去吸收温室气体的能力。故选C。
第二节(共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The World Book Day, also called World Book and Copyright Day, falls on April 23rd._____16_____ Reading extensively exposes you to new ideas and knowledge, improves your concentration and memory, and enhances your creativity and critical thinking skills.
Despite the importance of reading, many students today don’t have a good habit of reading. There are a few reasons for this: lack of time and motivation, abundance of digital distractions and failure to stick to reading. However, these challenges can be overcome with your conscious efforts.
First, you need to make time for reading by limiting time spent on social media or other leisure activities. Start with just 15—30 minutes a day of reading and you can work your way up to longer sessions.____17____Many libraries also have digital book options if you prefer e-readers or audiobooks.
Second, build the habit by scheduling reading time each day and sticking to it.____18____Even just having a regular routine on certain days of the week, such as reading Monday to Friday after dinner for example, can help you cement(巩固，加强) it as a habit.
Finally, track your progress to stay on track. Set monthly reading goals to achieve and record the books you read, how long the sessions were and any key insights gained. It is a traditional way to write on a notebook.____19____.
By making reading a priority, limiting distractions, setting a regular schedule, and tracking your progress, you can successfully develop the habit of reading.____20____So take the first step to cultivate this important habit today. Your future self will surely thank you for it.
A. Today using an app may make it easier to achieve.
B. The goal of the day is to engage people in reading.
C. Habits are formed through consistency and repetition.
D Developing a habit of reading is particularly unnecessary.
E. Protecting the copyright is likely to be the focus of the day.
F. A lifelong love of reading will enrich your life in so many ways.
G. Find books you are genuinely interested in to help build motivation.
【答案】16. B 17. G 18. C 19. A 20. F
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了养成阅读这一良好习惯的几种方式。
【16题详解】
前文“The World Book Day, also called World Book and Copyright Day, falls on April 23rd. ( 4月23日是世界图书日，也称为世界图书和版权日。)”引出世界图书日，空处应承接上文，围绕读书日这一天展开论述，B项“这一天的目标是让人们参与阅读。”符合题意，选项中的the day指代前文中的The World Book Day。故选B。
【17题详解】
后文“Many libraries also have digital book options if you prefer e-readers or audiobooks.(如果你喜欢电子阅读器或有声读物，许多图书馆也有电子书可供选择。)”讲述了可以选择图书馆的电子书，根据句中的also可知，空处应讲述可以选择其他某种图书类型，G项“找一些你真正感兴趣的书来帮助建立（阅读的）动力。”符合题意。故选G。
【18题详解】
本段首句“Second, build the habit by scheduling reading time each day and sticking to it.(其次，通过每天安排阅读时间并坚持来促成习惯的养成。)”是段落主旨句，讲述了要每天坚持阅读，养成阅读习惯，空处应承接上文，C项“习惯是通过坚持和重复培养起来的。”符合题意，且选项中的Habits和前文中的habit对应。故选C。
【19题详解】
前文“Set monthly reading goals to achieve and record the books you read, how long the sessions were and any key insights gained. It is a traditional way to write on a notebook.(设定每月的阅读目标，以实现并记录你读过的书、课程时间以及获得的任何关键见解。在笔记本上写是一种传统方式。)”讲述了在笔记本上记录你读过的书、课程时间以及获得的任何关键见解，这是一种传统方式，空处应承接上文，讲述传统之外的其他记录方式，A项“如今，使用应用程序可能会使其更容易实现。”符合题意。故选A。
【20题详解】
后文“So take the first step to cultivate this important habit today. Your future self will surely thank you for it.(所以，今天就迈出培养这个重要习惯的第一步。你未来的自己一定会为此感谢你。)”呼吁迈出培养阅读习惯的第一步，这将有助于塑造更好的自我，由So可知，空前应讲述这个习惯对读者自身的好处，与后句形成因果关系，F项“终身热爱阅读会在很多方面丰富你的生活。”符合题意。故选F。
第三部分：语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题：每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The first cable car originated from San Francisco. They were invented before the automobile in the days when horse-drawn streetcars were the popular public transportation.
One day, Andrew Hallidie, whose father was the inventor of the wire rope, witnessed a terrible ____21____ involving a streetcar for which it was that ____22____ the idea of the cable railway. He was wandering around the street when he noticed a horse struggling to ____23____ the streetcar up Jackson Street. It’s _____24_____ and was dragged back down a hill, passengers and goods _____25_____ out of the carriage. This scene triggered Hallidie to find a ____26____ way to transport people and things.
Back home, Hallidie ____27____ strands of wire ropes to make wire cables, believing the cables would be ____28____ enough to pull the cable cars. Then he found someone to help him ____29____ the cars, with difficulty but successfully. He also managed to get the help of William E. Eppelsheimer, a German engineer, who _____30_____ the first cable car line. Finally, Hallidie obtained a formal _____31_____ from a lawyer named Benjamin Brooks to build a valid system.
August 2, 1873 saw the first trial of the cable car. Originally, Hallidie hired a grip man to operate the car. But after looking down the _____32_____ hill, the man refused firmly. Hallidie decided to _____33_____ it by himself from Jones Street to Kearney Street by way of Clay Street, known as the Clay Street Hill line today. About one month after the test run, the Line opened for _____34_____ use. From then on, other lines opened in San Francisco as well as in other U.S cities and cities overseas. Till now, San Francisco is the only city where the cable car still _____35_____.
21. A. accident B. horse C. quarrel D. game
22. A. reminded B. conceived C. recalled D. convinced
23. A. catch B. push C. kick D. pull
24. A. slipped B. slid C. ran D. jumped
25 A. collapsing B. falling C. erupting D. unfolding
26. A. wiser B. rougher C. safer D. broader
27. A. twisted B. revised C. fixed D. divided
28. A. long B. thick C. rough D. strong
29. A. manufacture B. sell C. design D. advertise
30. A. took on B. pulled up C. built up D. laid out
31. A. announcement B. permission C. commitment D. appointment
32. A. wide B. steep C. primitive D. remote
33. A. fetch B. drag C. drive D. direct
34. A. public B. personal C. outside D. external
35. A. hatches B. refreshes C. operates D. casts
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. D 29. C 30. D 31. B 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Andrew Hallidie因看到一场马拉货车摔倒的事故，迸发了发明电缆车的想法。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一天，安德鲁·哈利迪（Andrew Hallidie），他的父亲是钢丝绳的发明者，目睹了一场可怕的事故，涉及一辆马车，正是因为这辆马车，电缆轨道的想法应运而生。A. accident事故；B. horse马；C. quarrel吵架；D. game游戏。由下文“was dragged back down a hill (被拖下山)”可知，马车被拖下山，这是发生了一场事故。故选A项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天，安德鲁·哈利迪（Andrew Hallidie），他的父亲是钢丝绳的发明者，目睹了一场可怕的事故，涉及一辆马车，正是因为这辆马车，电缆轨道的想法应运而生。A. reminded提醒；B. conceived想出、构想；C. recalled使想起；D. convinced说服。由下文“This scene triggered Hallidie to find a ____6____ way to transport people and things. (这一幕促使哈利迪去找到一种____6____的方式来运送人和物)”可知，马车被拖下山这一事故使电缆轨道的想法被构想出来。故选B项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他在街上闲逛时，他注意到一匹马正奋力将马车拉上杰克逊街。A. catch抓住；B. push推；C. kick踢；D. pull拉。与下文“was dragged back down a hill (被拖下山)”马车被拖下山相对照，此处在讲马正奋力将马车拉上杰克逊街。故选D项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它滑了一滑，被拖下山，乘客和货物从车厢里掉了出来。A. slipped（意外而不自主地）滑落、下降；B. slid（在一个光滑的表面持续地）滑动；C. ran跑步；D. jumped跳跃。由下文“was dragged back down a hill (被拖下山)”可知，马应该是滑了一滑，才被拖下山的。故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它滑了一滑，被拖下山，乘客和货物从车厢里掉了出来。A. collapsing倒塌；B. falling落（到）；C. erupting爆发；D. unfolding展开。由上文“was dragged back down a hill (被拖下山)”可知，发生了马车被拖下山的事故，乘客和货物肯定也从车厢里掉了出来，才能体现事故场景。故选B项。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一幕促使哈利迪找到了一种更安全的方式来运送人和物。A. wiser更聪明的；B. rougher更粗糙的；C. safer更安全的；D. broader更广泛的。由上文语境可知，发生了马车被拖下山的事故，乘客和货物从车厢里掉了出来，这危险的场景使哈利迪想找到一种更安全的方式来运送人和物。故选C项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：回到家里，哈利迪把几股钢丝绳拧成钢缆，相信这些钢缆足够坚固，可以拉动缆车。A. twisted扭转；B. revised修正；C. fixed修理；D. divided分开。由下文“strands of wire ropes to make wire cables”可知，此处指哈利迪把几股钢丝绳拧成钢缆，去增加钢缆的结实性。故选A项。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：回到家里，哈利迪把几股钢丝绳拧成钢缆，相信这些钢缆足够坚固，可以拉动缆车。A. long长的；B. thick厚的；C. rough粗糙的；D. strong坚强的。由上文“strands of wire ropes to make wire cables”可知，把几股钢丝绳拧成钢缆，增加了钢缆的结实性，让钢缆足够坚固以拉动缆车。故选D项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后他找人帮他设计汽车，虽然困难重重，但还是成功了。A. manufacture生产；B. sell卖；C. design设计；D. advertise做广告。由本处语境和电缆车的发明可知，他找人帮他设计电缆汽车。故选C项。
【30题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：他还设法得到了德国工程师William E.Eppelsheimer的帮助，他铺设了第一条缆车线路。A. took on承担；B. pulled up拔起；C. built up建立；D. laid out铺开、排列。由电缆车的发明和下文“the first cable car line”可知，此处指铺设第一条电缆车线路。故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，哈利迪从一位名叫Benjamin Brooks的律师那里获得了建立有效系统的正式许可。A. announcement宣布；B. permission许可；C. commitment承诺；D. appointment约会。由下文“a lawyer”和“to build a valid system”可知，律师工作内容与法律许可等相关，哈利迪想建立有效的电缆车系统，是需要获得政府许可的。故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但在看了看陡峭的山坡后，那个人坚决拒绝了。A. wide广泛的；B. steep陡峭的；C. primitive原始的；D. remote遥远的。由下文“the man refused firmly”可知，应该是一个陡峭的山坡，看到害怕，那个人才拒绝的。故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：哈利迪决定自己开车从琼斯街经过克莱街到科尔尼街，今天被称为克莱街希尔线。A. fetch拿来；B. drag拖；C. drive开车；D. direct指示。由上文“the man refused firmly (那个人坚决拒绝了)”和下文“it by himself”可知，雇佣的人看到陡峭的山坡后拒绝试车，最后哈利迪亲自上阵，自己开车。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：试运行大约一个月后，该线路向公众开放。A. public公共的；B. personal个人的；C. outside外面的；D. external外部的。呼应下文“From then on, other lines opened in San Francisco as well as in other U.S cities and cities overseas. (从那时起，其他线路在旧金山以及美国其他城市和海外城市开通)”其它线路向公众开放，试运行大约一个月后，发现安全性很好，该线路向公众开放。故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：到目前为止，旧金山是唯一一个缆车仍在运营的城市。A. hatches孵化；B. refreshes刷新；C. operates使运行；D. casts投射。由上文“The first cable car originated from San Francisco. (第一辆缆车起源于旧金山)”和本处语境可知，作为第一辆缆车起源的旧金山，其缆车仍在运营。故选C项。
第二节(共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Torch festival of the Ethnic minority
The Torch Festival, the grandest festival of the Yi people, is held around the 24th day of the sixth month of the lunar calendar. The Yi people think fire possesses a superhuman power_____36_____can drive away evil and frighten off ghosts. They have_____37_____a special relationship with fire that they call themselves the “fire nationality”.
During the festival, torches, 20-30cm _____38_____diameter, a replaced upright in front of houses. At the entrance to the villages, a grand “torch tower”, standing more than 20 metres high and_____39_____(make) of pine branches and dry firewood,_____40_____.(decorate) with fresh flowers and fruits.
At last, with expectation and wishes_____41_____(come) the long-awaited moment. After dinner, as darkness casts its shadow, young and old,_____42_____(dress) in their most ceremonial and splendid costumes decorated with sparkling ornaments, rush_____43_____(excite) to the “torch tower” square. Cheers and screams of delight burst from the crowd, while the soaring flames brighten the darkness of the night and warm everyone present at the scene.
On such a brilliant and marvelous night, the_____44_____(participate) are overjoyed by the grand spectacle and the atmosphere of celebration. Young men and women sing and dance hand in hand around the bonfire________45________(express) their gratitude for a life of plenty and good wishes for the coming year.
【答案】36. that##which
37. such 38. in
39. made 40. is decorated
41. comes 42. dressed
43. excitedly
44. participants
45. to express
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍少数民族火把节。
【36题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：彝族认为火具有驱邪驱鬼的神力。此处a superhuman power是先行词，指物，在后面的限制性定语从句中作主语，定语从句由关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。
【37题详解】
考查结果状语从句。句意：他们与火有着如此特殊的关系，他们称自己为“火族”。根据句中a special relationship，可知由such修饰，且such与后面的that构成结果状语从句，such…that…意为“如此……以致于……”。故填such。
【38题详解】
考查介词。句意：节日期间，直径20-30厘米的火炬被替换为房屋前的立柱 。表示“在直径上”用介词in。故填in。
【39题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：在村庄的入口处，有一座高大的“火炬塔”，高20多米，由松枝和干木柴制成，上面装饰着鲜花和水果。设空处与a grand “torch tower”之间是被动关系，用过去分词。故填made。
【40题详解】
考查一般现在时的被动语态和主谓一致。句意：在村庄的入口处，有一座高大的“火炬塔”，高20多米，由松枝和干木柴制成，上面装饰着鲜花和水果。该句在描述一个客观事实，且句子主语a grand “torch tower”为第三人称单数，和谓语动词decorate之间是被动关系，是一般现在时的被动语态。故填is decorated。
【41题详解】
考查一般现在时。句意：最后，带着期待和祝福，期待已久的时刻到来了。该句是全部倒装，在描述一个客观事实，句子用一般现在时，且主语是单数第三人称形式，所以谓语动词用动词的第三人称单数形式。故填comes。
【42题详解】
考查过去分词作后置定语。句意：晚饭后，夜幕降临，老老少少穿着最隆重、最华丽的服装，装饰着闪闪发光的饰品，兴奋地涌向“火炬塔”广场。固定短语：be dressed in“穿着……，戴着……”，此处是形容词短语作后置定语。故填dressed。
【43题详解】
考查副词。句意：晚饭后，夜幕降临，老老少少穿着最隆重、最华丽的服装，装饰着闪闪发光的饰品，兴奋地涌向“火炬塔”广场。此处是副词修饰动词rush。故填excitedly。
【44题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：在这样一个辉煌而奇妙的夜晚，参加者为这壮观的场面和庆祝的气氛而欣喜若狂。此处用名词复数作主语。故填participants。
【45题详解】
考查不定式作目的状语。句意：青年男女手拉手围着篝火唱歌跳舞，以表达他们对丰饶生活的感激之情和对来年的美好祝愿。此处是动词不定式作目的状语。故填to express。
第四部分：写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假如你是李华，你向校报英文版投稿，介绍当下出现的外国人学汉语的热潮的相关情况，内容要点如下：
1.简单介绍该现象；
2.该现象产生的原因。
要求：
1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Editor,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Editor,
I am writing to share an interesting trend—an increasing number of foreigners are keen on learning the Chinese language. The reasons behind this are obvious.
First, as our country continues to play an increasingly important role on the world stage, more foreigners realize that being able to communicate in Chinese can give them an advantage. Also, the charm of Chinese culture, art, and literature has captured the hearts of many foreigners. Learning Chinese allows them to better appreciate and understand those special things.
Personally, I firmly believe that as this trend continues, it not only strengthens cultural exchange but also brings new opportunities for international cooperation.
Sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于信函类应用文，要求考生以信函的写作格式给校报英文版投稿，介绍当下出现的汉语热现象，并具体分析其原因。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
越来越多的：an increasing number of→a growing number of/more and more
热衷于：be keen on→be eager for/be enthusiastic about
意识到：realize that→be aware that
允许：allow→permit
2. 句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：I am writing to share an interesting trend—an increasing number of foreigners are keen on learning the Chinese language.
拓展句：I am writing to share an interesting trend that an increasing number of foreigners are keen on learning the Chinese language.
【点睛】【高分句型1】First, as our country continues to play an increasingly important role on the world stage, more foreigners realize that being able to communicate in Chinese can give them an advantage.(使用了as引导时间状语从句、不定式短语作continues的宾语、that引导宾语从句、be able to do结构)
【高分句型2】Personally, I firmly believe that as this trend continues, it not only strengthens cultural exchange but also brings new opportunities for international cooperation.(使用了that引导宾语从句、as引导时间状语从句、not only…but also…连接并列结构)
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
One day I got stuck in the Tube on my way to work.
The Tube—that’s what most people call it—is London’s underground railway system.
It was about nine o'clock in the morning, the middle of the rush-hour. Nobody had expected something unusual would happen later and everyone was doing their usual: a pretty girl gave her boyfriend sweet kisses one after another. Sitting next to me, a young woman with a suitcase and a baby took a scarf out of her suitcase and made her baby a nest, so that it could lie more comfortably. In fact, the train had just left Green Park Station when, instead of speeding up, it started to slow down and then came to a stand-still.
Ten minutes passed, though it seemed like half a day. the train didn’t move. Had the railwaymen forgotten all about our existence? Had there been a crash on the line in front? How serious was the breakdown? We had no means of knowing. However, to anxious people who are stuck in the Tube, I suppose it doesn’t really matter what it is that has broken down. What they care is when they can get out of the trouble.
Twenty minutes passed. All hope of getting to work on time had long since gone. Had the train really broken down? Several people thought so, but they were wrong. A railwayman at last came down the length of the train to tell us that the power supply had failed, and that we were not to worry as they were working to put it right.
We could not leave the train, as it had stopped in the tunnel (隧道), not at a station. There was nothing else to do. The weak signal disabled cellphones. Besides, the train was getting hot and stuffy (闷). I even began to wonder if we were going to stay there for the rest of the day.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左石：
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
The hopeless waiting in the darkness drove us crazy.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
As a commuter (上班族) who traveled to work on the train every day, I thought it my duty to do something.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】The hopeless waiting in the darkness drove us crazy. We could not bear the heat inside the train any longer. Those standing by the windows attempted to open them to let in fresh air but ended up in failure. The impatient complaints were mixed with angry punches on the wall, which made the baby in the comfortable nest burst out crying.
As a commuter who traveled to work on the train every day, I thought it my duty to do something. Clearing my throat, I picked up my courage and started a song for the baby as well as for everyone out there: Twinkle, Twinkle, little star, how I wonder what you are…Unexpectedly, my neighboring passengers joined me immediately they heard me. Then, more and more passengers joined in the song. When we finished the song in chorus, a cheer went up. Because the light flashed and the train moved slowly off towards the next station. At the same time, I could see our faces lit up.
【解析】
【分析】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者一天上班途中，火车突然停了下来，车上的人们纷纷猜测发生了什么，二十分钟后，人们终于弄清楚，是火车电源失灵了，正在检修中，因为在隧道里，作者和其他乘客只能呆在又热又闷的火车里，怀疑自己是否会在那里呆一整天。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“黑暗中绝望的等待把我们逼疯了。”可知，第一段可描写作者他们在闷热的火车里很难受，新鲜空气进不来，乘客开始抱怨、焦躁起来。
②由第二段首句内容“作为一个每天坐火车上班的通勤者，我认为做点什么是我的责任。”可知，第二段可描写在这样的不安的情况下，作者唱起小星星，没想到越来越多的乘客加入唱歌，歌唱完，火车灯亮了，火车启动了，人们也露出喜色了。
2.续写线索：等待——抱怨——唱歌——一起唱——火车启动——露出喜色
3.词汇激活
行为类
①等待：waiting in the darkness
②开始唱歌：started a song
③立即加入我：joined me immediately
④露出喜色：lit up
情绪类
①绝望的：hopeless
②不耐烦的抱怨：The impatient complaints
③突然大哭起来：burst out crying
④一阵欢呼声：a cheer
【点睛】[高分句型1]. The impatient complaints were mixed with angry punches on the wall, which made the baby in the comfortable nest burst out crying.（由关系词which引导的非限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2]. Clearing my throat, I picked up my courage and started a song for the baby as well as for everyone out there: Twinkle, Twinkle, little star, how I wonder what you are…（现在分词短语作状语）
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