2024湖南省名校大联考高三上学期第一次月考英语试题含解析

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高三第一次质量检测英  语注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分  听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节  (共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt?A.₤19.15.                B.₤9.18.                  C.₤9.15.答案是C。4. What are the speakers going to do most probably?A. Go hiking.             B. Visit a shop.             C.Have dinner2. How does the man feel now?A. Embarrassed.           B. Refreshed.              C. Surprised.3. What’s the relationship between the two speakers?A. Teacher and student.     B. Customer,and waiter.      C.Colleagues.4.What are the speakers mainly talking about?A. A song.                B. A fan.                  C. A trip.5. What did the children fail to do in the Ocean Park?A. Watch dolphin shows.    B. See the white whales.      C. Feed the sea turtles.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6. What’s the date today?A. It’s December 23.        B. It’s December 24.         C. It’s December 25.7. What will the speakers give their father?A. Some money.           B. An air-conditioner.        C. Some flowers.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Where does the conversation probably take place?A. In the classroom.         B. In a library.             C. In a cafeteria.9.What has the woman been busy doing?A. Meeting all her professors.B. Writing papers for her classes.C. Working overtime as a librarian.10. What does the man give the woman?A. A piece of advice.        B. A cup of coffee.          C. Some papers.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11. Why didn’t the woman have time to exercise?A. She had to look after her daughter.B. She had to look after her husband.C. She had to prepare for the coming Christmas.12. What is the first step to access information?A. Tapping the screen.B. Downloading an app.C. Lighting up three lights.13. What will the woman do next?A Go home.               B. Keep running.           C. Meet her friend.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14. How did the woman feel about finding a job?A. Difficult.               B. Interesting.             C. Necessary15. What did the woman do in Shanghai?A. She took a trip to the city.B. She interviewed someone.C. She asked for a job.16. When did the woman get her first job?A. In 2007.                B. In 2013.               C. In 2014.17. Where does the woman expect to fly in the future?A. In America.             B. In Africa.              C. In Europe.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18. How can players score in the game?A. By throwing garbage into the right bins.B. By collecting garbage as much as possible.C. By leaving the least garbage at the end of the game.19.What was the main purpose of making this game?A. To make garbage sorting interesting.B. To show the importance of garbage sorting.C. To spread information on garbage sorting to the young.20.What does Zhou Zhou think of the game?A. It’s ineffective.          B. It’s challenging.          C. It’s helpful第二部分  阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节  (共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AA huge number of exchange programs and summer school programs are offered to international students around foreign universities worldwide. Today we explain the top student exchange programs -and -summer programs offered to foreign students.Vienna Summer SchoolVienna Summer School provides an incredible opportunity for 30 bachelor-level students to research side by side with world top researchers in the field of bioengineering. This paid summer program aims to attract international students and create an excellent research environment. This is a perfect opportunity for those students who are interested in the field of life science. The duration of Vienna Summer School is from Saturday, July 1 to August 28,2023.SUSI Student Leaders ProgramBachelor-level students in Pakistan who are interested in the topic of public, local, state and federal policy making are invited to study in the USA through the short-tern SUSI student program 2023 held at the University of Massachusetts. This is an exchange program for Pakistani students. All expenses and accommodation costs will be covered by SUSI, so the application period is very short.Hansen Leadership Exchange ProgramThe Hansen Summer Institute for Leadership is now open for the summer exchange program 2023. The Hansen summer program offers the opportunity to the USA and international students to build better leadership skills and a cultural understanding environment for the future. This 3-week summer exchange program is open for undergraduate, graduate,and doctoral students with any academic background.IWP Summer Exchange ProgramIWP Summer Exchange Program 2023 is a two-week writing and culture exchange program for Pakistani and Indian students in Iowa City, USA. The applicant from 18 to 22 from these countries with a background in art humanities is welcome to apply. This program will focus on creativity and is free for the selected applicants. The selected candidates will work together on the creation of paintings and sculptures.1. Which program suits students who like biology?A. Vienna Summer School.B. SUSI Student Leaders Program.C. IWP Summer Exchange Program.D. Hansen Leadership Exchange Program.2. Why should students apply for SUSI Student Leaders Program early?A. It is fully funded.B It is a short-term program.C. It is limited to postgraduates.D. It is supported by the government.3. What will students in IWP Summer Exchange Program do?A. Offer policy advice. B. Conduct research.C. Write academic papers. D. Create artworks.BVisionary architects design buildings which speak for themselves. From towering concrete pillars to sculptural modernist domes (穹顶), the work of Balkrishna Vithaldas Doshi defined Indian architecture for the latter half of the 20th century. Known as B. V. Doshi, he was a versatile modernist architect—he designed everything from accessible housing projects to the Indian Institute of Management in Bangalore. Sadly, the great architect died on January 24,2023, at the age of 95, leaving behind a fascinating legacy.Born on August 26, 1927, in Pune, southeast of Mumbai, Doshi grew up with his father and grandfather, a furniture maker. As a child he came to appreciate how their house grew and changed. In 1947, shortly before Indian independence, he began architecture school. However, he never finished, a fact which he’d later point to in life as an advantage. He married his wife Kamala Parikh in 1955. When she passed away, Doshi lived in a house he designed and named for his beloved wife.Doshi was influenced by the famous Swiss-French architect known as Le Corbusier. Doshi studied with him in Paris and then returned to India to supervise the architect’s work in Ahmedabad. In 1956, Doshi founded his own firm called Vastushilpa. He traveled the world lecturing at universities, worked with other famous architects, and even founded the Center for Environmental Planning and Technology (now CEPT University) focusing on understanding, designing, planning, constructing and managing human habitats.“We did not want to imitate someone else’s approach,” he told the Louisiana Museum of Modern Art in 2018.“We wanted to find our own identity.” He drew from his pride in Indian culture to create a style distinct from Western designs. “I think of my buildings as my friends, my family,” he said. “I have a conversation with them, and that’s how I create niches and staircases and openings and gardens…my buildings are not only pure and clear but designed to anticipate changes.Aside from his modern works, Doshi was devoted to creating works to benefit the poor. He designed the Aranya Low Cost Housing Project in Indore. The photographer Iwan Baan, who photographed some of Doshi’s works, described the artist as “the most approachable architect I know. Even very poor people in his public housing projects knew him, which is exceptional.”4. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “versatile” in paragraph 1?A Popular. B. modestC. forward-looking. D. well-rounded5. What do we know about Doshi’s life?A. He had a miserable childhood.B. He regretted leaving school early.C. He made a contribution to higher education in architecture.D. He set up his company under the guidance of Le Corbusier.6. What does the author want to illustrate by quoting Doshi’s words?A The public support for Doshi.B. The originality of Doshi’s works.C. Doshi’s open mind on changes.D. Doshi’s love of architectural design.7. What is the purpose of the text?A. To give a brief account of Doshi’s life.B. To encourage people to visit Doshi’s works.C. To remember India’s great architect Doshi.D. To advertise Doshi’s architectural philosophy.CPFAS are found in nonstick pans, water-proof fabrics and food packaging. They’re called forever chemicals because of their ability to stick around and not break down. Now, using a bit of heat and two relatively common compounds, researchers have degraded (降解) the chemical in the lab.While some scientists have found relatively simple ways of breaking down select PFAS, most degradation methods require harsh processes using intense pressure — in some cases over 22 mega-pascals — or extremely high temperatures — sometimes upwards of 1,000℃ — to break the chemical bonds.William Dichtel, from Northwestern University in Evanston, and his team experimented with two substances found in nearly every chemistry lab; sodium hydroxide (氢氧化钠), also known as lye, and a solvent (溶剂) called DMSO. The team worked specifically on a group of forever chemicals which contain a large percentage of PFAS.When the team combined chemicals with the lye and DMSO at 120℃ and with no extra pressure needed, the carbolic acid (羧酸) fell off the chemicals and became carbon dioxide. “What happened next was unexpected, ” Dichtel said. The loss of the acid helped degrade the chemicals into fluoride ions (氟离子) and smaller carbon-containing products, leaving behind no harmful by-products.“It’s a neat method; it’s different from others that have been tried,” says Chris Sales, an environmental engineer at Drexel University in Philadelphia who was not involved in the study. “The biggest question is how this could be adapted and scaled up. Understanding this mechanism is just one step in undoing forever chemicals,” Sales said.This process wouldn’t work to deal with PFAS in the environment, because it requires a concentrated amount of the chemicals, but it could one day be used in wastewater treatment plants, where the pollutants could be filtered out of the water, concentrated and then broken down.8. What can we learn about the previous ways to break down PFAS?A. They’re eco-friendly. B. They’ve been widely used.C. They’re difficult to operate. D. They’re regarded as useless.9. What did the team do in their experiment?A. They experimented with different solvents.B. They tried two very common substances.C. They tested every group of forever chemicals,D. They exposed chemicals to extreme temperatures.10. What made the researchers most surprised in their experiment?A. Environmentally-friendly reactions occurred.B. The carboxylic acid became carbon dioxide.C. No extra pressure was needed for the trial.D. The lye and DMSO could work at 120℃,11. What can we infer from Chris Sales’ words?A. It is difficult to deal with PFAS in the environment.B. This mechanism will soon be used in the environment.C. The method will be applied to different kinds of chemicals.D. More research is needed before the method is widely used.DThe idea that the normal human body temperature is about 37℃ was first presented by the German physician Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich in 1851. Since then, it’s become so widely accepted that it serves as a touchstone for health—a diagnostic tool used by physicians and parents as a basic indicator of whether someone is sick or well. However, it turns out that this well-established fact isn’t, in fact, correct—or, to put it more accurately, human beings have been getting cooler over the years.Recent studies have shown that temperature records of groups of people have tended to run low compared to the accepted norm (标准), so the Stanford team, led by Julie Par-sonnet,MD, professor of medicine and of health research and policy, decided to do a more in-depth study to compare modern measurements with historical records to try to identify body temperature trends and, perhaps, uncover the reason why this cooling is happening.For their research, the Stanford team looked at three distinct data sets from two historical periods. After going through 677,423 temperature measurements, the team found that men born in the 21st century had an average body temperature of 0.6℃ lower than that of those born in the early 19th century while modern women showed an average decrease of 0.03℃ compared to those born in the 1890s.As to why this is happening, the researchers say that the most likely mechanism is a reduction in the human metabolic rate (代谢率) due to environmental factors: One possibility is that improvements in public health over 200 years have reduced the incidence of inflammations (炎症),which promote metabolism. This combined with people living more comfortable lives in more stable environments means that the body doesn’t have to work as hard to stay warm, so the average temperature falls.”The environment that we’re living in has changed, including the temperature in our homes, our contact with microorganisms (微生物) and the food that we have access to. All these things mean that although we consider human beings as the same for all of human evolution, we’re not the same. We’re actually changing physiologically,” Parsonnet said.12. What is Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich’s achievement?A. He set up standards for human health services.B. He predicted trends in human body temperature.C. He first used body temperature as a health indicator.D. He proposed the standard human body temperature.13. What can we learn about the Stanford team’s study?A. It shows women have a lower body temperature than men.B. It proves human body temperature has dropped at a faster rate.C. It compared historical and current human body temperature data.D. It suggested updating the definition of the average body temperature.14. Which of the following is thought to cause the decrease in human body temperature?A. The improved living conditions.B. The contact with other creatures.C. The decline in physically demanding work.D. The adaptation of humans to climate change.15. Which one could be the best title for the text?A. What exactly is normal human body temperature?B. Why does human body temperature need measuring?C. Human body temperature has decreased over the yearsD. Human body temperature changes with the environment第二节  (共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Born in 1961, Snoussi, a Frenchman, first came to China in 1983. At that time, he was a law student at Aix-en-Provence University and accompanied his father on a business trip to China. ____16____In March 2006, Snoussi moved to Ningbo to help his father who had set up his export business. After living there for more than seven years, Snoussi realized that what he missed most was a traditional French bakery.“____17____, which made Chinese, Korean, or European-style bread, but we couldn’t find that specific French taste. It was unlike our daily bread,because in my home country, bread is a bit like rice in China,” he explained. In June 2013,Snoussi opened an authentic (正宗的) French bakery in Ningbo. Though he had no baking experience, he quickly learned the ropes from a French baker.____18____.What makes Mon Epoque unique is its authentic French identity, which guarantees a genuine French taste every day. “We are one of the few French bakeries in China that directly imports flour from France, produced in the Cognac region from French wheat.____19____. These are the two most important ingredients in baking. This allows us to guarantee the same taste and quality day in, day out. We pay attention to the quality and the taste of our products so that our patrons can experience the same feeling every day,” he said.____20____. In 2008,he donated over 30,000 yuan($4,300)to Wenchuan in Sichuan Province. In Ningbo, he donated T-shirts for students with disabilities and gave scholarships to outstanding students at a school. For several years, he sponsored (赞助) the Pink Ribbon Campaign organized by a team of foreign women to raise awareness about breast cancer. He also sponsored activities to encourage more people to look after stray dogs.A. This French baker was famous for his unique bakeryB. Snoussi is keen on social activities in NingboC. The butter used is also imported from FranceD. Snoussi enjoys helping people in needE. This visit was a culture shock for himF. He named his brand Mon EpoqueG. We had good bakeries in Ningbo第三部分  语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节  (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。During my stay at the University of Michigan, one of the senior professors asked me to join a seminar on culture and emotion. In a general____21____of self-introductions, I introduced myself in a(n)____22____Dutch way as one of those who are “interested in culture and emotion”. The professor supplemented (补充) my self-introduction to____23____American standards, saying I was one of the world’s experts on the____24____. In response, I looked down in____25____, and thought that “expert” was a big word.When I lived in North Carolina, my new friends came over to ____26____. Conversations were full of interest and energy, and there was a lot of ____27____. At the end of the evening, when my guests left, they thanked me for the dinner. My heart____28____, because I was born and raised in the Netherlands, where “thanking for dinner” means the relationship is ____29____. Emotions are different enough to feel out of____30____when you move from one culture to another. The professor at the University of Michigan meant to make me feel____31____, but instead made me uncomfortable. My friends meant to show ____32____, but they made me think they were distancing themselves from me.We think about emotions as feelings deep inside us, but in____33____, our emotions happen in interactions with others. In my own culture, it was hard to observe the____34____emotions of others, but I was able to see them when I moved to the US—a different____35____from where I was raised.21. A. analysis B. state C. letter D. round22. A. understated B. interesting C. dramatic D. proud23. A. set B. fit C. evaluate D. recommend24. A. approach B. situation C. topic D. course25. A. curiosity B. pity C. disappointment D. embarrassment26. A. play B. dine C. work D. perform27. A. support B. noise C. fun D. arguing28. A. sank B. melted C. raced D. opened29. A. harmonious B. normal C. strong D. distant30. A. date B. shape C. place D. sight31. A. reliable B. good C. serious D. careful32. A. gratitude B. respect C. admiration D. affection33. A. total B. advance C. detail D. reality34. A. unbelievable B. pure C. invisible D. powerful35. A. level B. culture C. standard D. value第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。3D bio-printing inside the human body could be possible thanks to a new soft robot. The device features____36____printing head directly mounted onto the tip of a soft robotic arm. This printing head, ____37____ consists of soft artificial muscles that allow it to move in three directions, works very____38____(similar) to conventional desktop 3D printers.The soft robotic arm can bend and twist and can be made at any length____39____ (require). The printing nozzle (喷嘴) can be programmed to print per-determined shapes, or operated manually. ____40____ addition, a research team used a machine learning-based controller which can aid the printing process.The team____41____(explain) how the device could potentially be used as an all-in-one surgical tool to perform a range of____42____(function). They said this could be especially important in surgery____43____(remove) certain cancers.The ability to carry out such multi-functional procedures____44____(demonstrate) on a pig’s intestine (肠) last month and the researchers say the results show that the device is a ____45____(promise)candidate for the future development of an all-in-one endoscopic surgical tool. The next stage of development for the system is in vivo (活体的) testing on living animals to demonstrate its practical use.第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节  (满分15分)46. 假定你是李华，你校将在本周六上午邀请著名宇航员Mr Yang来作一场报告。请根据下面要点提示，给喜欢太空探索的留学生朋友Chris写一封电子邮件，邀请他参加。要点如下：1.写邮件的目的；2.报告简介；3.你的期待。注意：1.写作词数应为80左右；2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Dear Chris,_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,Li Hua第二节(满分25分)47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。The annual Halloween arrived, during which kids dressed in traditional clothes went to neighbors’ houses to ask for candy.Allison lived in a small town. That day after dinner, Allison put on her dress her father had just bought for her. The dress was cheap and second-hand because her family was poor. But Allison still thanked her dad and said, “Everyone will love my dress!” Then, she left for neighbors’ houses to ask for candy.On the way, she came across Anna and her friends and wanted to join them. “No! Look at your dress! It’s ugly!” Anna said. Her friends also laughed. “Look at our dresses, especially mine! It’s new and beautiful,” Anna added. Her friends nodded, and in some way they were right. Anna’s dress was shiny and looked expensive. She always had the best clothes because her parents were rich.Allison was shocked and sad. The kids not only disliked her dress but made fun of it. “You can’t come with us!” Anna stressed. “We would never hang out with you!” The other kids agreed and laughed. They all left to start collecting candy for the night while Allison was left alone, embarrassed in the middle of the street.Anyway, she knew all the neighbors. She often helped around carrying their groceries and helping them with their gardens. People around there knew her. She didn’t need to hangout with Anna or her friends. “I’ll go just alone,” the little girl said to herself and started walking.She as well as Anna and her friends walked in the same direction: towards their first neighbor Mrs Vaughan’s house. But Allison walked behind and kept her distance from them. And she stopped when Anna and her friends were near Mrs Vaughan’s house.Just then, Mrs Vaughan looked out of her window. She noticed that Allison was being excluded by Anna and her friends. She knew it was probably because of Allison’s poor dress. She immediately felt pity for Allison, who often helped her and other neighbors. She decided to give Allison much more candy as a reward and teach Anna and her friends a lesson.注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。When Anna and her friends knocked on her door, Mrs Vaughan opened it._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Anna looked up and said, “Our clothes are more beautiful! But you gave Allison more candy! Why?” _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________