Unit1-Unit6 讲义 人教版八年级英语上册

这是一份初中英语人教新目标 (Go for it) 版八年级上册本册综合学案及答案，共18页。学案主要包含了归纳拓展等内容，欢迎下载使用。
八上Unit1-Unit6
句法新天地——重点句型
Unit 1 谈论过去的事
--Long time no see. --Yes, I was on vacation last month.
--Where did you go on vacation? --I went to the mountains.
--How was the food? --Everything tasted really good!
--How did you like it?
--Well, it was my first time there, so everything was really interesting.
--Did you buy anything special? --Yes, I bought something special./No, I bought nothing.

Unit 2 谈论作某事的频率
--What do you usually do on weekends? --I often go to the movies.
--How often do you have piano lessons? --Twice a week, on Wednesday and Friday.
--How often does he watch TV? --He hardly ever watches TV.
--Do you go shopping? --No, I never go shopping.

Unit 3 谈论人的外貌特征和人物对比
谈论人的外貌特征
--Is that Sam? --No, that's Tom. Sam has longer hair.
人物对比
--Is Tara more outgoing than Tina?
--No, she isn't. Tina is more outgoing than Tara./Yes, she is.
--Does Tara work as hard as Tina? --Yes, she does./No, she doesn't.
--Who's more hard-working at school? --Tina thinks she works harder than me.

Unit 4 谈论喜好和作对比
谈论喜好
--How do you like it so far? --It's fantastic.
--What do you think of 970AM? --I think 970 AM is pretty bad. It has the worst music.
作对比
--What is the best movie theater to go to?
--Town Cinema. It's the closest to home. And you can buy tickets the most quickly there.
--Which is the worst clothes store in town?
--Dream Clothes. It's worse than Blue Moon. It has the worst service.

Unit 5 谈论喜好和制定计划
--What do you think of talk shows?
--I don't mind them./I can't stand them!/I love watching them.
--What can you expect to learn from sitcoms? --You can learn some great jokes.
--Why do you like watching the news?
--Because I hope to find out what's going on around the world.
--Do you want to watch the news? --Yes, I do./No, I don't
--What do you plan to watch tonight? --I plan to watch Days of Our Past.
Unit 6 谈论将来计划
--What do you want to be when you grow up? --I want to be a computer programmer.
--How are you going to do that? --I’m going to study computer science.
--Where are you going to work? --I’m going to move to Shanghai.
--When are you going to start? --I’m going to start when I finish high school and college.
--What are you going to do next year？ --I’m going to take guitar lessons. I love music.

重点语法
频率副词often, always, usually, sometimes, never, hardly (ever)的用法。
询问频率及回答。
一般过去时和一般现在时。
句式It's+adj.(+of/for sb.)+to do sth.。
形容词、副词的比较级的构成及用法。
both和as...as的用法。
形容词、副词的最高级的构成及用法。
动词不定式作宾语的用法。
　　

1.不定代词用法

body
one
thing
where（疑问副词）

some
somebody
someone
something
somewhere
用于肯定句
any
anybody
anyone
anything
anywhere
用于否定句
every
everybody
everyone
everything
everywhere

no
nobody
no one
nothing
nowhere
表示否定
1）不定代词或不定副词和形容词连用时，形容词放在后面：something important to do
2）不定代词和不定副词做主语时：Everyone likes him .今天每个人都在这里。












用适当的复合不定代词填空
1.--Sir, ________ called you just now. I told him to phone again 20 minutes later.--OK. Thanks, Nancy.
2.The light went out suddenly. It was dark and ________ could be seen clearly.
3.Ladies and gentlemen, attention please! I have ________ important to tell you.
4.--What a great thing to have a robot at home!
--Robots are really useful. One day they will help people do almost ________.
5.Is there ________ working with you? It's unlikely for you to finish the job alone in such a short time.
6.I like this book because there is ________ interesting in it.
7.Did you do with ________ in your class last month?
8.________ in the store is singing. Let's go and have a look.
9.Did you buy ________ special for your friends?
10.________ may have a chance to be successful if he tries his best.

2.频度副词
概念
频度副词是用来表示动作发生频率的词，常用来表示不确定时间:
表示具体频度次数:
频度副词
意思
频度
always
总是，一直，
100%
usually
通常，经常
90%
often
常常，经常
70%
sometimes = at times
有时，不时
40%
hardly ever= almost not
几乎从不
5%
never
从不，决不
0%

次数加单位时间:once a week 一周一次 twice a month 每月两次
①频度副词在句子中的位置
在句子中，频度副词常放在实意动词前面，be动词、情态动词和助动词后面。
例如：He always helps others.他总是帮助别人。
②对句子中频度副词进行提问，用“how often”。
例如：He sometimes watches TV.(对划线部分提问)
How often does he watch TV?
【练习】(1)--_________________(How long, How much, How soon, How often) do your parents take exercise, William?
--Less than three times a week.
(2)--Laura, how often do your family take a trip?
--Hmm..__________(since last week,twice a month,for an hour,ten days ago.)
(3)用方框中所给的词填空
sometimes, usually, hardly, always, never
1.The sun ________ rises in the east.
2.You can ________ work it out because the math question is wrong.
3.--Have you ever been late for class? --________, but not very often.
4.--I didn't know you take a bus to school. --Oh, I ___ walked to school, but it is snowing today.
5.--How often do you go to a concert? --________ ever. I'm not interested in that at all.


3.形容词、副词比较级的构成和基本用法
句型
例句
①very, quite, rather, too, enough, so 等修饰原级
②表示 A 与B一样时,用:
A …＋as＋原级 ＋as ＋B (和……一样)
③表示 A 不如B 时, 用:
A…＋not ＋as / so ＋原级 ＋as＋B (不如
①The street is very busy.
②Tom is as tall as Kate.Tom runs as fast as Kate
③This story isn't as/ so interesting as that one.　
My brother doesn't write as/ so well as me.
比较级的用法 (两者的比较或选择)
例句
①even(甚至), much(得多), a little (有点), far(远远地), still(仍然)等词修饰比较级
①much better
②even worse
②比较级+than+被比较的对象
①He is taller than his father.　
②Who jumps higher, Tom or Jim?
③比较级+and+比较级/more and more+原级
④the+比较级, the+比较级
①The more you take exercise,
the healthier you will be.
⑤less+原级+than (不如)
①The room is less beautiful than that one.
⑥the+比较级+of the two(两者中更…:)
①Jim is the taller of the two.
句型
①hotter and hotter ②more and more useful
①the ＋ 最高级 ＋of / in ＋比较的范围
①I am the earliest in my class every day.
②Which do you like best, English,P.E. or math?
②one of the ＋ 最高级 ＋ 名词复数(最……之一)
①This is one of the most expensive paintings in the world.
③the＋序数词＋最高级＋名词单数(第几最……)
①Shanghai is the first largest city in China.
注意:
(1) 形容词最高级前有物主代词修饰时不用the: He is my best friend.
(2) 最高级与比较级的转换:
Shanghai is the largest city in China.＝Shanghai is larger than any other city in China. (上海属于中国) 区别:Shanghai is larger than any city in Japan. (上海不属于日本)

【练习】
1.The Great Pyramid is about 137 metres high today, but it was once ________(high).
2.Who jumped____of all?
A. far B. farther C. the farthest D. the most far
3.Li Lei is_______________(tall) student in our class.
4.English is one of____ spoken in the world.
A.the important languages B.the most important languages
C.most important language D.the most important language
5.Beijing is one of____________ in China.
A. the largest city B. the large cities C. the larger cities D. the largest cities
6. We are happy to see our city is developing____________( quick)these years than before.
语法链接
1.be going to+动词原形。
2.形容词、副词最高级的构成和基本用法。




一般将来时be going to do sth;will do sth
含义:
表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算. 计划或准备做某事。
1. We will have a picnic tomorrow. (明天)      
2. He will come back the day after tomorrow. (后天)         
3. You will see your daughter soon. (很快 不久)         
4. They will get to Beijing in three days. (三天后)         
5. What will happen in the future?(在将来)       
6. She will go to Dalian next week. (下周)       
7. My dream will come true some day. (将来一天)      

结构: ①be going to + do; ②will+ do.
【例句1】I/We/You/He/She/They will visit the museum tomorrow.
【归纳1】 一般将来时其构成形式为__________; 其中will为助动词,________(有/没有)人称和单复数的变化。
【例句2】Will they visit the museum tomorrow? Yes, they will./ No, they won't.
【归纳2】 变一般疑问句, 将__________提到主语前。
【例句3】They won't visit the museum tomorrow.
【归纳3】 变否定句, 在助动词will后加__________, 缩写为__________
【例句4】There will be many buildings in the future.
【归纳4】 There be句式的一般将来时结构为__________
*"I'll, You'll, He'll , She'll , It'll, We'll , They'll …" 是简缩形式。
标志:
tomorrow明天, next year明年, from now on从现在起, in+一段时间(如in a month一个月之后), in the future将来, soon(不久, 很快)等
◆ What a difference a day makes!　
一天的差异是多么大呀!
【题13】连词成句
(1)time, what, I, a, had, wonderful
　 ________________________________________________! 
(2)fresh, air, the, how, is
　 ________________________________________________! 

【归纳拓展】
词条
用法
例句
what引导
的感叹句
What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)!
What a tall tree (it is)!
多么高的一棵树啊!
What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词(+主语+谓语)!
What exciting news (it is)!
多么令人兴奋的消息呀!
how引导
的感叹句
How+形容词/副词(+主语+谓语)!
How fast they run! 
他们跑得多快呀!

◆ Tara works as hard as Tina.　塔拉学习和蒂娜一样努力。
【题14】 (1)I think the HUAWEI P20 works as_______(good)as the iPhone8. I like it very much.
(2)—What do you think of the environment in your hometown?
—It's____________. Both the air and the water are badly polluted.  
A.not bad B.as good as before C.not so good as before D.much better than before
【归纳拓展】
“as+形容词或副词原级+as…”意为“……和……一样……”。其否定形式为“not as/so+形容词或副词原级+as…(=less+形容词或副词原级+than…)”,意为“……不及……”。

◆How did you like it?
句型：“How does/do/did+主语+like sth.?”
用来询问某人对某事物的看法，相当于“What does/do/did+主语+think of sth.?”
练习：--________ do you like the film, Captain America 2?
--It's wonderful! I like it very much.(用适当的疑问词填空)

课堂过关
单词拼写
1.Tom was old ________(足够) to work and make money.
2.When you have a toothache, you should see a ________(牙医).
3.Frank, take off your ________(湿的)jacket so you don't catch a cold.
4.Be polite, Henry. It's rude to ________(指向)at others like that.
5.Tom, believing in ________(你自己)is the first step on the road to success.
6.I watched a ________(节目)about farming at home.
7.Men are doing more ________(家务劳动)nowadays than before.
8.Wait for a moment. The work is ________(几乎；差不多)finished.
9.She often keeps a ________(日记)to write down her everyday life.
10.A ________(菜单)is a list of food that you can eat in a restaurant.
11.To avoid mistakes in your writing, you should write more ________(仔细地)and slowly.
12.--What did you do to celebrate Halloween last year?
--I ________(打扮)up as Superman and played“trick and treat”.
13.Come on, Sandy. Everybody will be lucky or ________(成功的)sometime in their life.
14.I like hiking in the forest because the air is pretty ________(新鲜的；清新的).

用所给词的适当形式填空
1.The five boys attended a birthday party last Sunday and they enjoyed _______(they) very much.
2.Let's have a ________(discuss) about the wonders of the world.
3.Some wild animals may ________(appear) forever if we don't stop hunting them.
4.How lucky the ________(win) of the game show is! A five-day trip abroad for free!
5.He was facing a difficult _______(choose) between staying with his family and working in Tibet.
6.Though Betty and Lily are twins, Betty isn't so ________(outgoing) as Lily.
7.Yibin is one of the most beautiful________ (city) in Sichuan.
8.I prefer to memorize English words by reading them ________(aloud).
9.Today in Tokyo the ________(low) temperature is 16℃, and the highest is 28'℃.
10.Citizens can enjoy ________(read) thousands of volumes of electronic books online with the first “WeChat library” in Jianye Library, Nanjing.
11.Tom did his homework ________(careless).
12.They are working ________(hard) to learn English.
13.This bike was ________(cheap) than that one, so we decided to buy it.
14.Who's ________(careful), Tom, Jim or Kate?
15.That is the________(easy) of all.


课后作业
完形填空
A
“You don't understand me!” I shouted. Then I ran out of the door and got on a bus. I didn't know __1__ it was going. I just want to get away from home as __2__ as I could.
I couldn't __3___ what had just happened to me. My mother, the person I believe in, had just read all of my __4__ from my close friends! It shouldn't have happened to me. She read my letters and told me not to write to __5__any more! I couldn't __6__ the tears from falling when i thought about this.
Later that day, I went to my close __7__ house. __8__ my friend gave me a cup of water, the phone rang.
“It's your mother,” she spoke to me in a low __9__.
“Tell her that I'm not here!” I replied. However my mother heard it. “Tell her not to leave! I'll be right there!” Then she rang up the phone __10__ a goodbye. In fact, I should say that I was a little __11__ I couldn't imagine what would happen.
But to my __12__, when my mother arrived, “sorry” was the first word she __13__ to me. Her __14_ told me that she had been crying and her voice told me that she was really tired. “Will you forgive me?” at last she asked. I didn't know what to say. I just __15_ her, and gave her a hug.
She held me so tightly. You know, at that time, I felt so warm. I really love you, Mom!
A.where B.what C.why D.when
A.happily B.slowly C.carefully D.quietly
A.remember B.talk C.believe D.ask
A.letters B.books C.magazines D.novels
A.him B.them C.you D.her
A.make B.think C.stop D.find
A.classmate's B.relatives C.teacher's D.friend‟s
A.Unless B.If C.After D.Since
A.voice B.sound C.noise D.silence
A.during B.without C.towards D.from
A.satisfied B.bored C.worried D.interested
A.surprise B.mind C.body D.heart
A.told B.said C.asked D.heard
A.ears B.arms C.hands D.eyes
A.ran to B.gave in C.went on D.pushed in

B
“Can I see my baby?” asked the new happy mother. Unluckily, she found her baby had been __1__ without ears when it was in her arms.
Time proved that the baby's __2__ was perfect. He got on well with his classmates. But one day, he rushed home and said to his mother __3__ tears in his eyes, “A boy, a big boy __4__ me a freak(怪胎).”
As the boy __5__, he developed a talent for art and music.
The boy's father had a meeting with the family doctor. “Could anything __6__ done?” he asked the doctor.
“ I believe I could graft(移植)a pair of outer ears __7__ you could get them,” the doctor said.
However, two years __8__, nobody wanted to offer the young man ears. Then one day the father said, “Son, __9__ will offer his ears to you. But it's a secret.” The operation was a great __10__.
Time kept the secret, but the day did come...The young man stood with his father __11__ his mother's body. Slowly, the father held out a hand and raised the thick, brown hair. __12__, the son found his mother had no outer ears.
“Mother said she was glad she __13__ let her long hair be cut,” the father said gently, “and nobody ever thought Mother __14__ beautiful, did they?”
Real __15__ lies not in what is done and known, but in what is done but not know.
( )1. A. active B. dead C. born D. awake
( )2. A. speaking B. hearing C. writing D. reading
( )3. A. of B. in C. around D. with
( )4. A. called B. asked C. said D. told
( )5. A. looked up B. grew up C. brought up D. caught up
( )6. A. is B. was C. are D. be
( )7. A. if B. until C. unless D. because
( )8. A. went down B. got over C. went by D. arrived
( )9. A. nobody B. someone C. anyone D. everyone
( )10. A. succeed B. successful C. success D. failure
( )11. A. between B. besides C. towards D. beside
( )12. A. With interest B. To his surprise C. In silence D. With anger
( )13. A. always B. often C. never D. sometimes
( )14. A. less B. more C. most D. least
( )15. A. idea B. friendship C. thought D. love
阅读理解
A
I still remember quite clearly the day when my parents got divorced(离婚) . Dad kissed me goodbye and left.
For a long time Mom and I lived a peaceful life. Then one day, Jim came over for lunch wearing a blue suit with a short brown tie and a green shirt. I couldn't believe this was going to be my new stepfather. It couldn't be true that my beautiful mother would marry someone who dressed like a clown(小丑). I hated him.
Lunch was terrible. Mother kept trying to start a conversation but neither Jim nor I would say much. Finally I offered to bring in the dessert just to get away from the clown.
Something unpleasant happened, but I didn't mean(故意) to do it. I guess the plate slipped. But one minute I was handing Jim his blackberry pie, and the next, dark purple berries were oozing(渗出) all over his shirt and tie.
I was mortified. My face turned bright red. Jim looked very much surprised at first, but then he began to laugh. I started to laugh, too. Maybe this guy was all right, after all. Then I had a quick look at my mother. She looked happier than I had seen her in a long time.
1. The writer thinks Jim's clothes look ______________.
A. nice B. expensive C. usual D. funny
2. From the story we might guess that _____________.
A. Jim didn't seem likeable at first B. the writer liked Jim from the start
C. Jim was angry with the writer D. Jim didn't like blackberry pie
3. In this story the word "mortified" means ___________.
A. happy B. bored C. embarrassed D. angry
4. The best title for this story would be ______________ .
A. I Love Pie B. My New Stepfather
C. The World's Worst Lunch D. Mothers Shouldn't Marry.

B
Andrew Holleman, a 12-year-old boy, loved playing in the open land near his home. The land was wet and forested, and made a home for the birds, other animals and many different plants.
It made the perfect place for him to study and get to know the nature. He had seen some red-tailed hawks, red foxes, wood turtles and other animals. He also found special native flowers.
Suddenly it was announced that the “empty” land would be improved by a lot of houses on it. The plants would be removed, the animals would run away and most would probably die. Then the wet soil (土壤) would be covered with extra grounds.
When he heard about the news, he was not happy. He was very worried that the land and water would be polluted.
Andrew wrote down clearly all the research he had done about the area，and how the houses would affect (影响) the local environment. He sent letters to members of local government and television reporters. He also called on his neighbors to oppose the building of the houses.
Although he was only 12 years old，he had the courage and wisdom of a person much older. Andrew's teachers described him as gentle, shy and active. His classmates also admired how much he knew about local animals and plants, and the environment. Each day after school, Andrew went door-to-door，to ask the people to sign (签名)，who did not want the houses to be built. In only one month, he got the signatures of 250 people.
In the end, the land remained a safe place for birds, animals and plants that belonged there.
Andrew won many prizes for his brave and great work to stop the houses being built, and thus help save the environment.
1. The passage is mainly about ________.
A. 250 people who signed to help Andrew B. a brave boy who cared for the environment
C. the open land that suited animals and plants D. the research of improving the environment
2. The underlined word “oppose” in the passage probably means “________”.
A. support B. dislike C. disagree D. prefer
3. Andrew was very worried because ________.
A. the animals would be killed B. new houses would be built on the open land
C. not all the neighbors were going to sign D. the local government made a right decision
4. According to the passage, Andrew ________.
A. was good at going door-to-door B. got in no touch with the reporters
C. usually acted like a person much older D. was praised by his teachers and classmates
5. We can infer (推测) that ________.
A. the land would remain as it used to be B. the open land would be built into a park
C. the neighbors would have to move away D. Andrew would soon work for the government

词汇运用
A
A recent ________(调查)shows that storytelling is one of kids' favorite free time activities, among with television and video games. The survey was________(执行)out among 500 children aged 3-4 in Britain, of whom over three ________(四分之一)said they wished their parents could read to them more often. Almost two thirds of the kids said reading a story with their parents helped them sleep ________(更好)and more easily. ________(根据)to the survey, there are two ways for parents to become good storytellers. They can use________(有趣的；滑稽的)voices to show different characters in a story. They can also make their ________(自己的)special sound to keep the story interesting and attractive.
“It can be very ________(困难的)for parents to find the time to read with their children. But these moments can help build close relationship________(介于……之间)parents and children, and can also play an important part in their child's________(发展),” said child psychologist Woolfson.
B
When Karen found out that another baby was on the way, she helped her son Michael ________(准备)for a new baby. She found out that it was going to be a girl, and Michael sang to his sister in Mommy's tummy(肚子)day by day.
Finally, Michael's little sister was born. But she was in a very serious ________(状况). The doctor told the parents there was very little hope. They kept the baby girl in the ICU(重症室). However, Michael kept ________(要求)his parents to let him see his sister. “I want to sing to her,” he said. But the head nurse thought children weren't ________(允许). In the end, Karen agreed because this might be the last time he saw her ________(活着的). When Karen led Michael to his sister's bed, he began to sing. In the lovely________(嗓音)of a 3-year-old, Michael sang, “You are my sunshine, my only sunshine, you make me happy when skies are ________(灰色的).” The baby girl ________(似乎；好像)to be better suddenly.
“Keep on singing, Michael,” said Karen, with tears in her eyes. Little by little, as Michael sang to her sister, the baby's breath became ________(顺畅的).
After a few days, the little girl was well ________(足够地)to go home! Woman's Day magazine called it “the miracle(奇迹)of a brother's song”.

语法填空
A
Sarah and Janet are middle school students. They have been friends ________they started school. They do many things together, such as studying, watching TV, surfing the Internet, playing sports, listening________ music and so on.
They usually help each other. When Sarah was in the ________(three) grade, some students made fun of her because she was shy. Janet told the other students________(stop) making fun of Sarah and she helped Sarah overcome her shyness. In the fifth grade, Janet had ________(difficulty) in math. She studied hard, but she still couldn't know what the teacher ________(teach) clearly. Sarah helped Janet and explained every exercise to her. After six months, Janet did much ________(well) than before and even got an A in the math exam. When Janet got the test paper, we can imagine ________ happy they were!
Everyone ________(need) a good friend in life. A life without a friend is a life without the sunshine. Please remember people want friends ________are kind and helpful. So if we want a good friend, let's be a good friend first.
B
Earlier this month, our school________(go) on a hiking trip to the Niagara Escarpment(断崖). The weather was cold, cloudy and windy, so we wore more________(stay) warm. We ________(separate) into two groups and went on different routes(路线). The whole escarpment is 725 km long. But we only covered 8 km for about four________(hour).
My favorite part of the trail(小道)was the cave(山洞). The cave was formed from many different shaped rocks. Some were huge while ________(other) were small. We climbed down into the rocks __6__ the help of our teachers. The rocks were steep and slippery(滑的)________they were covered with wet leaves. It was a fun and exciting experience for all of us.
Another exciting moment was lunch. After________(walk) 5 km without any rest, we were hungry and tired.________our teacher finally said we could stop to have lunch, we were very excited. After all, this trail was a little different from the ones I'm used to. It was ________(natural) than before.
Hiking is very interesting, but remember to stay warm, stay hydrated(保持体内水分)and have fun along the way!