2024版新高考英语题型一阅读理解（习题部分+专题检测+10年高考真题）

这是一份2024版新高考英语题型一阅读理解（习题部分+专题检测+10年高考真题），文件包含2024版新高考英语题型一阅读理解-10年高考真题docx、2024版新高考英语型一阅读理解--习题部分docx、2024版新高考英语型一阅读理解--专题检测docx等3份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共1066页， 欢迎下载使用。
题型一　阅读理解
考情探究
1题型分析
卷别
体裁
细节理解题
推理判断题
主旨大意题
推测词义题

2022新
高考Ⅰ
A篇
应用文
2
1
0
0

B篇
议论文
2
2
0
0

C篇
说明文
2
1
0
1

D篇
说明文
1
2
1
0

合计
7
6
1
1

2022新
高考Ⅱ
A篇
应用文
3
0
0
0

B篇
议论文
1
2
0
1

C篇
说明文
1
1
1
1

D篇
说明文
2
2
0
0

合计
7
5
1
2

2021新
高考Ⅰ
A篇
应用文
3
0
0
0

B篇
记叙文
1
3
0
0

C篇
说明文
1
1
1
1

D篇
议论文
1
2
1
0

合计
6
6
2
1

2021新
高考Ⅱ
A篇
应用文
3
0
0
0

B篇
记叙文
2
1
0
1

C篇
记叙文
2
1
1
0

D篇
说明文
3
1
0
0

合计
10
3
1
1

2020新
高考Ⅰ
A篇
应用文
3
0
0
0

B篇
记叙文
3
0
1
0

C篇
说明文
1
1
1
1

D篇
说明文
1
2
0
1

合计
8
3
2
2

2020新
高考Ⅱ
A篇
应用文
3
0
0
0

B篇
记叙文
2
1
0
1

C篇
议论文
2
2
0
0

D篇
说明文
2
1
1
0

合计
9
4
1
1

　　从上表可知新高考Ⅰ卷和Ⅱ卷的阅读理解文本主要为说明文、应用文和记叙文。2022年每套试卷各出现一篇议论文。考生要注意这一新动态,研究议论文的结构特点和所设试题的类型。
从题型数量来看,新高考Ⅰ卷和Ⅱ卷阅读理解第一节试题类型以细节理解题为主,设有6~10题;其次是推理判断题,设有3~6题;最后是主旨大意题(段落主旨和文章主旨)和推测词义题(猜测词义和代词指代),分别设有1~2题。
同时,从各题型在各体裁文本的分布来看,A篇主要以细节理解题为主,大部分试题可以在某一个段落中直接找到与选项对应的词或句子。B篇、C篇和D篇文本难度提高,注重考查学生的高阶思维,以逻辑推理为主,具有良好的区分度,需要考生依据文本主旨大意和相关段落内容进行合理推断。
2备考建议
注重观察和研究阅读文本的特点,合理推断试题答案
各体裁文章特点不一,考生要注意观察各体裁文本的不同特点,在此基础上对试题答案进行推断。例如应用文的写作目的多出现在文章开头,偶尔也会出现在文章结尾;科普说明文的第一段多说明文章主旨——研究发现;议论文的每段第一句话多为主题句,其他句子多为细节句。

培养良好的阅读习惯,确保阅读理解的有效性
每篇文章的3~4个试题均围绕文章主旨设计,所以不管文章是否有主旨大意题,考生都要善于归纳总结,分析每篇文章的主旨大意和篇章结构。另外,对细节理解题和推理判断题的选项进行个性化标记,例如画下划线、画圈等,便于匹配题干和文本相关的句子或段落,通过对四个选项的对比分析找到答案。
同时,C篇和D篇词汇量较大,含有较多的长难句,考生要能快速识别关键信息,培养化繁为简的能力,画出长难句的主干成分,简化复合句,快速准确地理解文本信息,准确解答试题。
选用恰当的阅读理解做题方法,提高阅读理解解题的准确率
阅读理解第一节有两种解题方法,各有利弊,考生可依据个人习惯和认知特点选择使用。第一种方法:浏览问题——有目的地阅读文本——解答问题,这种方法阅读速度较快,但是准确率较低。第二种方法:快速浏览文本——浏览问题——再读文本——解答问题,这种方法解题时准确率较高,但是解题速度较第一种缓慢。
依据个人水平,确定四篇文章的做题顺序和数量
考生要依据个人英语水平和认知特点确定阅读理解第一节四篇文章的做题顺序,可以按照四篇阅读理解的排列顺序做题,即ABCD。但是如果熟悉C篇和D篇的知识背景,也可以优先做C篇和D篇。同时考生也要根据个人英语水平,敢于“取舍”。基础薄弱的学生可选取2~3篇文章重点突击,确保准确率,对于难度较大的文章要敢于取舍。

语篇类型1·应用文
5年高考
A组　新高考卷题组
Passage 1 (2022新高考Ⅰ, A)话题:学校生活
Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A;80-89, B;70-79, C;60-69, D;Below 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course:Essay 1=10%;Essay 2=15%;Essay 3=15%;Essay 4=20%.
Group Assignments (30%)
Students will work in groups to complete four assignments during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.
Daily Work/In⁃Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)
Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in⁃class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class' lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded.
Late Work
An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.
1.Where is this text probably taken from?
A.A textbook.
B.An exam paper.
C.A course plan.
D.An academic article.
2.How many parts is a student's final grade made up of?
A.Two.　　　B.Three.　　　C.Four.　　　D.Five.
3.What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date?
A.You will receive a zero.
B.You will lose a letter grade.
C.You will be given a test.
D.You will have to rewrite it.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是对文学概论课程的分数组成和评分原则的介绍。
1.C　2.B　3.A　
Passage 2 (2022新高考Ⅱ, A)话题:社会服务
Children's Discovery Museum
General Information about Group Play
Pricing
Group Play　$7/person
Scholarships
We offer scholarships to low⁃income schools and youth organizations, subject to availability. Participation in a post⁃visit survey is required.
Scholarships are for Group Play admission fees and/or transportation. Transportation invoices(发票)must be received within 60 days of your visit to guarantee the scholarship.
Group Size
We require one chaperone(监护人) per ten children. Failure to provide enough chaperones will result in an extra charge of $50 per absent adult.
Group Play is for groups of 10 or more with a limit of 35 people. For groups of 35 or more, please call to discuss options.
Hours
The Museum is open daily from 9:30 am to 4:30 pm.
Group Play may be scheduled during any day or time the Museum is open.
Registration Policy
Registration must be made at least two weeks in advance.
Register online or fill out a Group Play Registration Form with multiple date and start time options.
Once the registration form is received and processed, we will send a confirmation email within two business days.
Guidelines
●Teachers and chaperones should model good behavior for the group and remain with students at all times.
●Children are not allowed unaccompanied in all areas of the Museum.
●Children should play nicely with each other and exhibits.
●Use your indoor voice when at the Museum.
1.What does a group need to do if they are offered a scholarship?
A.Prepay the admission fees.
B.Use the Museum's transportation.
C.Take a survey after the visit.
D.Schedule their visit on weekdays.
2.How many chaperones are needed for a group of 30 children to visit the Museum?
A.One.　　　B.Two.　　　C.Three.　　　D.Four.
3.What are children prohibited from doing at the Museum?
A.Using the computer.
B.Talking with each other.
C.Touching the exhibits.
D.Exploring the place alone.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章介绍了儿童发现博物馆关于团体参观的基本信息。
1.C　2.C　3.D　

Passage 3 (2021新高考Ⅰ, A)话题:社会服务
　　Rome can be pricey for travelers, which is why many choose to stay in a hostel(旅社). The hostels in Rome offer a bed in a dorm room for around $25 a night, and for that, you'll often get to stay in a central location(位置)with security and comfort.
Yellow Hostel 
If I had to make just one recommendation for where to stay in Rome, it would be Yellow Hostel. It's one of the best⁃rated hostels in the city, and for good reason. It's affordable, and it's got a fun atmosphere without being too noisy. As an added bonus, it's close to the main train station.
Hostel Alessandro Palace 
If you love social hostels, this is the best hostel for you in Rome. Hostel Alessandro Palace is fun. Staff members hold plenty of bar events for guests like free shots, bar crawls and karaoke. There's also an area on the rooftop for hanging out with other travelers during the summer.
Youth Station Hostel 
If you're looking for cleanliness and a modern hostel, look no further than Youth Station. It offers beautiful furnishings and beds. There are plenty of other benefits, too: it doesn't charge city tax; it has both air conditioning and a heater for the rooms; it also has free Wi⁃Fi in every room.
Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes 
Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes is located just a 10⁃minute walk from the central city station and it's close to all of the city's main attractions. The staff is friendly and helpful, providing you with a map of the city when you arrive, and offering advice if you require some. However, you need to pay 2 euros a day for Wi⁃Fi.
1.What is probably the major concern of travelers who choose to stay in a hostel?
A.Comfort.　　B.Security.　　C.Price.　　D.Location.
2.Which hotel best suits people who enjoy an active social life?
A.Yellow Hostel.
B.Hostel Alessandro Palace.
C.Youth Station Hostel.
D.Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes.
3.What is the disadvantage of Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes?
A.It gets noisy at night.
B.Its staff is too talkative.
C.It charges for Wi⁃Fi.
D.It's inconveniently located.
答案
[语篇解读] 作者主要介绍了罗马的几个价位不高的旅社。
1.C　2.B　3.C　
Passage 4 (2021新高考Ⅱ, A)话题:社会交往
Things to Do in Yorkshire This Summer
Harrogate Music Festival
Since its birth, Harrogate Music Festival has gone from strength to strength. This year, we are celebrating our 50th anniversary. We begin on 1st June with Manchester Camerata and Nicola Benedetti, presenting an amazing programme of Mozart pieces.
Dates: 1 June-31 July
Tickets: ￡12-￡96
Jodie's Fitness Summer Classes
As the summer months roll in, our Georgian country estate makes the perfect setting for an outdoor fitness session. Come and work out with our qualified personal trainer, Jodie McGregor, on the grounds of the Middleton Lodge estate.
We will be holding a free taster session on 23rd May, at 10 am, to demonstrate the variety of effective and active exercises. There are eight spaces available for the taster session. Advance bookings are required (info@middletonlodge.co.uk).
Dates: 23 May-11 July
Tickets: ￡7.50 per session
Felt Picture Making
Working from an inspirational picture, this workshop at Helmsley Arts Centre will teach you the techniques you will need to recreate your picture in wool.
We will also discuss the origins of felt(毛毡), what enables wool fibres to become felt and how the processes we use work.
Dates: 12 June-12 July
Tickets: ￡40 including materials
Figure It Out!—Playing with Math
A new exhibition in Halifax uses everyday activities to explain the hidden math principles we all use on a regular basis. Pack a bag, cut a cake, guess which juice container holds the most liquid, and much more. Discover how architects, product designers and scientists use similar skills in their work.
Dates: 7 May-10 June
Tickets: Free
1.What should you do if you want to attend the taster session of Jodie's fitness classes?
A.Join a fitness club.
B.Pay a registration fee.
C.Make a booking.
D.Hire a personal trainer.
2.How much is the ticket for Felt Picture Making?
A.￡7.50.　　　B.￡12.　　　C.￡40.　　　D.￡96.
3.Which of the following starts earliest?
A.Harrogate Music Festival.
B.Jodie's Fitness Summer Classes.
C.Felt Picture Making.
D.Figure It Out!—Playing with Math.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文主要介绍了今年夏天约克郡的四个活动。
1.C　2.C　3.D　

Passage 5 (2020新高考Ⅰ, A)话题:诗歌
POETRY CHALLENGE
Write a poem about how courage, determination, and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.
Prizes
3 Grand Prizes: Trip to Washington, D.C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner's choice. Trip includes round⁃trip air tickets, hotel stay for two nights, and tours of the National Air and Space Museum and the office of National Geographic World.
6 First Prizes: The book Sky Pioneer:A Photobiography of Amelia Earhart signed by author Corinne Szabo and pilot Linda Finch.
50 Honorable Mentions: Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T⁃shirt in memory of Earhart's final flight.
Rules
Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification.
■Write a poem using 100 words or fewer. Your poem can be any format, any number of lines.
■Write by hand or type on a single sheet of paper. You may use both the front and back of the paper.
■On the same sheet of paper, write or type your name, address, telephone number, and birth date.
■Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year.
1.How many people can each grand prize winner take on the free trip?
A.Two.　　　B.Three.　　　C.Four.　　　D.Six.
2.What will each of the honorable mention winners get?
A.A plane ticket.
B.A book by Corinne Szabo.
C.A special T⁃shirt.
D.A photo of Amelia Earhart.
3.Which of the following will result in disqualification?
A.Typing your poem out.
B.Writing a poem of 120 words.
C.Using both sides of the paper.
D.Mailing your entry on October 30.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章介绍了一次诗歌挑战赛的奖项和比赛规则。
1.A　2.C　3.B　
Passage 6 (2020新高考Ⅱ, A)话题:丰富自我
　　Pali Overnight Adventures offers children and teens exciting experiences this summer. From broadcasting to street art, these are just 4 of the 17 highly unique camps being offered.
Broadcasting Camp
Become the next star reporter, news writer, director or producer. While running every aspect of our own news station, kids and their fellow campers will create and host a broadcast airing each night at dinner for the entire camp. Every night it goes on the web, keeping parents and the world informed of the happenings at Pali.
Secret Agent Camp
In the movie Mission Impossible, Tom Cruise made being a secret agent seem like the coolest job ever. Campers who sign up for the 2⁃week secret agent camp can get to know about the life of real secret agents by learning strategies and military skills on the paintball field.
Culinary Camp
If your child enjoys being in the kitchen, then the culinary camp is definitely the right fit. Campers learn technical skills of roasting, frying and cutting, as well as some recipes that they can take home and share with their families.
Street Art Camp
This camp takes creative license to an entirely new level. Campers will share their colorful ideas and imagination with each other and work together to visualize, sketch and paint with non⁃traditional techniques to create the coolest mural which will be displayed in public for all to see.
1.How many camps does Pali Overnight Adventures offer this summer?
A.2.　　　B.4.　　　C.17.　　　D.21.
2.What will campers do at the Broadcasting Camp?
A.Create a website.　　　B.Run a news station.　　　C.Meet a star reporter.　　　D.Hold a dinner party.
3.Which camp will attract children who are interested in cooking?
A.Broadcasting Camp.
B.Secret Agent Camp.
C.Culinary Camp.
D.Street Art Camp.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章主要介绍了四个不同类型的夏令营。
1.C　2.B　3.C　
B组　全国卷题组
Passage 1 (2022全国甲, A)话题:艺术
Theatres and Entertainment
St David's Hall
St David's Hall is the award winning National Concert Hall of Wales standing at the very heart of Cardiff's entertainment centre. With an impressive 2,000⁃seat concert hall, St David's Hall is home to the annual Welsh Proms Cardiff. It presents live entertainment, including pop, rock, folk, jazz, musicals, dance, world music, films and classical music.
The Hayes, Cardiff CF10 1AH
www.stdavidshallcardiff.co.uk
The Glee Club
Every weekend this is “Wales” premier comedy club where having a great time is the order for both audiences and comedy stars alike. It is hard to name a comedy star who hasn't been on the stage here. If you are looking for the best comedies on tour and brilliant live music, you should start here.
Mermaid Quay, Cardiff Bay, Cardiff CF10 5BZ
www.glee.co.uk/cardiff
Sherman Cymru
Sherman Cymru's theatre in the Cathays area of Cardiff reopened in February 2012. This special building is a place in which theatre is made and where children, artists, writers and anyone else have the opportunity (机会) to do creative things. Sherman Cymru is excited to present a packed programme of the very best theatre, dance, family shows and music from Wales and the rest of the world.
Senghennydd Road, Cardiff CF24 4YE
www.shermancymru.co.uk
New Theatre
The New Theatre has been the home of quality drama, musicals, dance and children's shows for more than 100 years. Presenting the best of the West End along with the pick of the UK's touring shows, the New Theatre is Cardiff's oldest surviving traditional theatre. Be sure to pay a visit as part of your stay in the city.
Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3LN
www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk
1.Where is the Welsh Proms Cardiff hosted?
A.At the New Theatre.
B.At the Glee Club.
C.At Sherman Cymru.
D.At St David's Hall.
2.What can people do at the Glee Club?
A.Watch musicals.　　　B.Enjoy comedies.　　　
C.See family shows.　　　D.Do creative things.
3.Which website can you visit to learn about Cardiff's oldest surviving theatre?
A.www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk
B.www.shermancymru.co.uk
C.www.glee.co.uk/cardiff
D.www.stdavidshallcardiff.co.uk
答案
[语篇解读] 文章介绍了四个位于英国加的夫的剧院和娱乐场所。
1.D　2.B　3.A　
Passage 2 (2022全国乙, A)话题:艺术
Henry Raeburn(1756-1823)
The Exhibition
This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland's best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. Selected from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years.
Lecture Series
Scottish National Portrait(肖像画) Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public. They are held in the Lecture Room. Admission to lectures is free.
An Introduction to Raeburn
Sunday 26 Oct., 15.00
DUNCAN THOMSON
Raeburn's English Contemporaries
Thursday 30 Oct., 13.10
JUDY EGERTON
Characters and Characterisation in Raeburn's Portraits
Thursday 6 Nov., 13.10
NICHOLAS PHILLIPSON
Raeburn and Artist's Training in the 18th Century
Thursday 13 Nov., 13.10
MARTIN POSTLE
Exhibition Times
Monday-Saturday 10.00-17.45　Sunday 12.00-17.45
Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15. There is no re⁃admission.
Closed: 24-26 December and l January
Admission
￡4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.
Schools and Colleges
A special low entrance charge of ￡2 per person is available to all in full⁃time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.
1.What is the right time for attending Raeburn's English Contemporaries?
A.Sun. 26 Oct.
B.Thurs. 30 Oct.
C.Thurs. 6 Nov.
D.Thurs. 13 Nov.
2.How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission?
A.￡4.　　　B.￡8.　　　C.￡12.　　　D.￡16.
3.How can full⁃time students get group discounts?
A.They should go on Sunday mornings.
B.They should come from art schools.
C.They must be led by teachers.
D.They must have ID cards with them.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章介绍了苏格兰肖像画家Henry Raeburn的作品展览的相关信息。
1.B　2.B　3.C　
Passage 3 (2021全国甲, A)话题:艺术
　　Take a view, the Landscape(风景)Photographer of the Year Award, was the idea of Charlie Waite, one of today's most respected landscape photographers. Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape. Take a view is a desirable annual competition for photographers from all corners of the UK and beyond.
Mike Shepherd
(2011)
Skiddaw in Winter
Cumbria, England
It was an extremely cold winter's evening and freezing fog hung in the air. I climbed to the top of a small rise and realised that the mist was little more than a few feet deep, and though it was only a short climb, I found myself completely above it and looking at a wonderfully clear view of Skiddaw with the sun setting in the west. I used classical techniques, translated from my college days spent in the darkroom into Photoshop, to achieve the black⁃and⁃white image(图像).
Timothy Smith
(2014)
Macclesfield
Forest
Cheshire, England
I was back in my home town of Macclesfield to take some winter images. Walking up a path through the forest towards Shutlingsloe, a local high point, I came across a small clearing and immediately noticed the dead yellow grasses set against the fresh snow. The small pine added to the interest and I placed it centrally to take the view from the foreground right through into the forest.
1.Who would most probably enter for Take a view?
A.Writers.　　　B.Photographers.　　　C.Painters.　　　D.Tourists.
2.What do the works by Shepherd and Smith have in common?
A.They are winter images.
B.They are in black and white.
C.They show mountainous scenes.
D.They focus on snow⁃covered forests.
3.Where can the text be found?
A.In a history book.
B.In a novel.
C.In an art magazine.
D.In a biography.
答案
[语篇解读] 作者主要描述了Take a view这个为摄影师举行的赛事。
1.B　2.A　3.C　

Passage 4 (2020全国Ⅰ, A)话题:社会服务
Train Information
All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding. For ticket information, please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30.
While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled, there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services.
Lost property(失物招领)
Call Lost Property on 13 16 17 during business hours for items lost on Queensland Rail services. The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30 am to 5:00 pm and is located(位于)at Roma Street station.
Public holidays
On public holidays, generally a Sunday timetable operates. On certain major event days, i.e. Australia Day, Anzac Day, sporting and cultural days, special additional services may operate. Christmas Day services operate to a Christmas Day timetable. Before travel please visit translink.com.au or call TransLink on 13 12 30 anytime.
Customers using mobility devices
Many stations have wheelchair access from the car park or entrance to the station platforms. For assistance, please call Queensland Rail on 13 16 17.
Guardian trains(outbound)
Depart
Origin
Destination
Arrive
6:42 pm
Altandi
Varsity Lakes
7:37 pm
7:29 pm
Central
Varsity Lakes
8:52 pm
8:57 pm
Fortitude
Valley
Varsity Lakes
9:52 pm
11:02 pm
Roma Street
Varsity Lakes
12:22 am
1.What would you do to get ticket information?
A.Call 13 16 17. B.Visit translink.com.au.
C.Ask at the local station. D.Check the train schedule.

2.At which station can you find the lost property office?
A.Altandi.
B.Roma Street.
C.Varsity Lakes.
D.Fortitude Valley.
3.Which train would you take if you go from Central to Varsity Lakes?
A.6:42 pm.　　　B.7:29 pm.　　　C.8:57 pm.　　　D.11:02 pm.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章介绍了乘坐火车的一些关键事项。
1.C　2.B　3.B　
Passage 5 (2020全国Ⅱ, A)话题:文化遗产
The Lake District Attractions Guide
Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens
History, Culture & Landscape(景观). Discover and enjoy 4 centuries of history, 5 acres of celebrated and award⁃winning gardens with parkland walk. Owned by the Hasell family since 1679, home to the International Marmalade Festival. Gifts and antiques, plant sales, museums & Mediaeval Hall Tearoom.
Open: 29 Mar-29 Oct, Sun to Thurs.
Tearoom, Gardens & Gift Shop: 10.30-17.00(16.00 in Oct).
House: 11.15-16.00(15.00 in Oct).
Town: Pooley Bridge & Penrith
Abbot Hall Art Gallery & Museum
Those viewing the quality of Abbot Hall's temporary exhibitions may be forgiven for thinking they are in a city gallery. The impressive permanent collection includes Turners and Romneys and the temporary exhibition programme has Canaletto and the artists from St Ives.
Open: Mon to Sat and Summer Sundays. 10.30-17.00 Summer. 10.30-16.00 Winter.
Town: Kendal
Tullie House Museum & Art Gallery
Discover, explore and enjoy award⁃winning Tullie House, where historic collections, contemporary art and family fun are brought together in one impressive museum and art gallery. There are four fantastic galleries to visit from fine art to interactive fun, so there's something for everyone!
Open: High Season 1 Apr-31 Oct: Mon to Sat 10.00-17.00, Sun 11.00-17.00.
Low Season 1 Nov-31 Mar: Mon to Sat 10.00-16.30, Sun 12.00-16.30.
Town: Carlisle
Dove Cottage & The Wordsworth Museum
Discover William Wordsworth's inspirational home. Take a tour of his Lakeland cottage, walk through his hillside garden and explore the riches of the collection in the Museum. Visit the shop and relax in the café. Exhibitions, events and family activities throughout the year.
Open: Daily, 09.30-17.30(last admission 17.00).
Town: Grasmere
1.When is the House at Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens open on Sundays in July?
A.09.30-17.30.　　　B.10.30-16.00.　　　C.11.15-16.00.　　　D.12.00-16.30.
2.What can visitors do at Abbot Hall Art Gallery & Museum?
A.Enjoy Romney's works.
B.Have some interactive fun.
C.Attend a famous festival.
D.Learn the history of a family.
3.Where should visitors go if they want to explore Wordsworth's life?
A.Penrith.　　　B.Kendal.　　　C.Carlisle.　　　D.Grasmere.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章介绍了四个旅游景点及其开放时间与所在位置。
1.C　2.A　3.D　

Passage 6 (2020全国Ⅲ, A)话题:文化遗产
Journey Back in Time with Scholars
Classical Provence(13 days)
Journey through the beautiful countryside of Provence, France, with Prof. Ori Z. Soltes. We will visit some of the best⁃preserved Roman monuments in the world. Our tour also includes a chance to walk in the footsteps of Van Gogh and Gauguin. Fields of flowers, tile⁃roofed(瓦屋顶)villages and tasty meals enrich this wonderful experience.
Southern Spain(15 days)
Spain has lovely white towns and the scent(芳香)of oranges, but it is also a treasury of ancient remains including the cities left by the Greeks, Romans and Arabs. As we travel south from Madrid with Prof. Ronald Messier to historic Toledo, Roman Mérida and into Andalucia, we explore historical monuments and architecture.
China's Sacred Landscapes(21 days)
Discover the China of “past ages,”its walled cities, temples and mountain scenery with Prof. Robert Thorp. Highlights(精彩之处)include China's most sacred peaks at Mount Tai and Hangzhou's rolling hills, waterways and peaceful temples. We will wander in traditional small towns and end our tour with an exceptional museum in Shanghai.
Tunisia(17 days)
Join Prof. Pedar Foss on our in⁃depth Tunisian tour. Tour highlights include the Roman city of Dougga, the underground Numidian capital at Bulla Regia, Roman Sbeitla and the remote areas around Tataouine and Matmata, unique for underground cities. Our journey takes us to picturesque Berber villages and lovely beaches.
1.What can visitors see in both Classical Provence and Southern Spain?
A.Historical monuments.
B.Fields of flowers.
C.Van Gogh's paintings.
D.Greek buildings.

2.Which country is Prof. Thorp most knowledgeable about?
A.France. B.Spain.
C.China. D.Tunisia.
3.Which of the following highlights the Tunisian tour?
A.White towns. B.Underground cities.
C.Tile⁃roofed villages. D.Rolling hills.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章介绍了四个与学者们一起旅行的路线。
1.A　2.C　3.B　
Passage 7 (2019全国Ⅰ, A)话题:公益事业
Need a Job This Summer?
The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.
Not a student?Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.
Jobs for Youth
If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible(符合条件)for this program, which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.
Who is eligible:Youth 15-18 years old in select communities(社区).
Summer Company
Summer Company provides students with hands⁃on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.
Who is eligible:Students aged 15-29, returning to school in the fall.
Stewardship Youth Ranger Program
You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.
Who is eligible:Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.
Summer Employment Opportunities(机会)
Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.
Who is eligible:Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.
1.What is special about Summer Company?
A.It requires no training before employment.
B.It provides awards for running new businesses.
C.It allows one to work in the natural environment.
D.It offers more summer job opportunities.
2.What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program?
A.15-18.　　　B.15-24.　　　C.15-29.　　　D.16-17.
3.Which program favors the disabled?
A.Jobs for Youth.
B.Summer Company.
C.Stewardship Youth Ranger Program.
D.Summer Employment Opportunities.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章介绍了省政府及其合作伙伴为学生提供的几个暑期工作项目。
1.B　2.D　3.D　
Passage 8 (2019全国Ⅱ, A)话题:小说
My Favourite Books
Jo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan and co⁃author of the This Book Will series(系列) of lifestyle books. Here she picks her top reads.
Matilda
Roald Dahl
I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl's writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful worlds. Matilda's battles with her cruel parents and the bossy headmistress, Miss Trunchbull, are equally funny and frightening, but they're also aspirational.
After Dark
Haruki Murakami
It's about two sisters—Eri, a model who either won't or can't stop sleeping, and Mari, a young student. In trying to connect to her sister, Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse “night people” who are hiding secrets.
Gone Girl
Gillian Flynn
There was a bit of me that didn't want to love this when everyone else on the planet did, but the horror story is brilliant. There's tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust. It's a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise what's going on is horribly enjoyable.
The Stand
Stephen King
This is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around. After a serious flu outbreak wipes out 99.4% of the world's population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those left. Randall Flagg is one of the scariest characters ever.
1.Who does “I” refer to in the text?
A.Stephen King.　　　B.Gillian Flynn.　　　C.Jo Usmar.　　　D.Roald Dahl.
2.Which of the following tells about Mari and Eri?
A.Cosmopolitan.　　　B.Matilda.　　　C.After Dark.　　　D.The Stand.
3.What kind of book is Gone Girl?
A.A folk tale.　　　B.A biography.　　　C.A love story.　　　D.A horror story.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章介绍了一位作家对自己喜欢的几本书的评价。
1.C　2.C　3.D　

Passage 9 (2019全国Ⅲ, A)话题:戏剧
OPENINGS AND PREVIEWS
Animals Out of Paper
Yolo! Productions and the Great Griffon present the play by Rajiv Joseph, in which an origami(折纸术)artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio. Merri Milwe directs. In previews. Opens Feb. 12. (West Park Presbyterian Church, 165 W. 86th St. 212-868-4444.)
The Audience
Helen Mirren stars in the play by Peter Morgan, about Queen Elizabeth II of the UK and her private meetings with twelve Prime Ministers in the course of sixty years. Stephen Daldry directs. Also starring Dylan Baker and Judith Ivey. Previews begin Feb. 14. (Schoenfeld, 236 W. 45th St. 212-239-6200.)
Hamilton
Lin⁃Manuel Miranda wrote this musical about Alexander Hamilton, in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story. Thomas Kail directs. In previews. Opens Feb. 17. (Public, 425 Lafayette St. 212-967-7555.)
On the Twentieth Century
Kristin Chenoweth and Peter Gallagher star in the musical comedy by Betty Comden and Adolph Green, about a Broadway producer who tries to win a movie star's love during a cross⁃country train journey. Scott Ellis directs, for Roundabout Theatre Company. Previews begin Feb. 12. (American Airlines Theatre, 227 W. 42nd St. 212-719-1300.)
1.What is the play by Rajiv Joseph probably about?
A.A type of art.
B.A teenager's studio.
C.A great teacher.
D.A group of animals.
2.Who is the director of The Audience?
A.Helen Mirren.
B.Peter Morgan.
C.Dylan Baker.
D.Stephen Daldry.
3.Which play will you go to if you are interested in American history?
A.Animals Out of Paper.
B.The Audience.
C.Hamilton.
D.On the Twentieth Century.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章介绍了几个演出。
1.A　2.D　3.C　
Passage 10 (2018全国Ⅰ, A)话题:体育活动
Washington, D.C. Bicycle Tours
Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.
Duration: 3 hours
This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world⁃famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability—and the cherry blossoms—disappear!
Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour
Duration: 3 hours(4 miles)
Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.
Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.
Duration: 3 hours
Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线)make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.
Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour
Duration: 3 hours(7 miles)
Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.
1.Which tour do you need to book in advance?
A.Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.
B.Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.
C.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.
D.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.
2.What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?
A.Meet famous people.
B.Go to a national park.
C.Visit well⁃known museums.
D.Enjoy interesting stories.
3.Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?
A.City maps.　　　B.Cameras.　　　C.Meals.　　　D.Safety lights.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章为那些自行车爱好者介绍了四个骑自行车探索美国首都华盛顿的项目。
1.A　2.D　3.D　

Passage 11 (2018全国Ⅱ, A)话题:丰富自我
Summer Activities
Students should read the list with their parents/carers, and select two activities they would like to do. Forms will be available in school and online for them to indicate their choices and return to school. Before choices are finalised, parents/carers will be asked to sign to confirm their child's choices.
Activity
Description
Member of staff
Cost
Outdoor Adventure
(OUT)
Take yourself out of your comfort zone for a week, discover new personal qualities, and learn new skills. You will be able to take part in a number of activities from canoeing to wild camping on Dartmoor. Learn rock climbing and work as a team,and enjoy the great outdoor environment.
Mr. Clemens
￡140
WWⅠ
Battlefields and Paris
(WBP)
On Monday we travel to London. After staying overnight in London, we travel on Day 2 to northern France to visit the World War Ⅰ battlefields. On Day 3 we cross into Belgium. Thursday sees us make the short journey to Paris where we will visit Disneyland Paris park, staying until late to see the parade and the fireworks. Our final day, Friday, sees us visit central Paris and tour the main sights.
Mrs. Wilson
￡425
Crafty Foxes(CRF)
Four days of product design centred around textiles. Making lovely objects using recycled and made materials. Bags, cushions and decorations...Learn skills and leave with modern and unusual textiles.
Mrs. Goode
￡30
Potty about Potter
(POT)
Visit Warner Bros Studio, shop stop to buy picnic, stay overnight in an approved Youth Hostel in Streatley⁃on⁃Thames, guided tour of Oxford to see the film locations, picnic lunch outside Oxford's Christchurch, boating on the River Cherwell through the University Parks, before heading back to Exeter.
Miss Drake
￡150
1.Which activity will you choose if you want to go camping?
A.OUT.　　　B.WBP.　　　C.CRF.　　　D.POT.
2.What will the students do on Tuesday with Mrs. Wilson?
A.Travel to London.
B.See a parade and fireworks.
C.Tour central Paris.
D.Visit the WWⅠ battlefields.
3.How long does Potty about Potter last?
A.Two days. B.Four days.
C.Five days. D.One week.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文介绍了四项供学生选择的暑期活动。
1.A　2.D　3.A　
Passage 12 (2018全国Ⅲ, A)话题:个人生活
Welcome to Holker Hall & Gardens
Visitor Information
How to Get to Holker 
By Car: Follow brown signs on A590 from J36, M6. Approximate travel times: Windermere—20 minutes, Kendal—25 minutes, Lancaster—45 minutes, Manchester—1 hour 30 minutes.
By Rail: The nearest station is Cark⁃in⁃Cartmel with trains to Carnforth, Lancaster and Preston for connections to major cities & airports.
Opening Times 
Sunday-Friday(closed on Saturday)11:00 am-4:00 pm, 30th March-2nd November.
Admission Charges 
　　　　　Hall & Gardens　　　Gardens
Adults:　　　￡12.00　　　￡8.00
Groups:　　　￡9.00　　　￡5.50
Special Events
Producers' Market　13th April 
Join us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks. Meet the producers and get some excellent recipe ideas.
Holker Garden Festival　30th May 
The event celebrates its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening, making it one of the most popular events in gardening.
National Garden Day　28th August 
Holker once again opens its gardens in aid of the disadvantaged. For just a small donation you can take a tour with our garden guide.
Winter Market　8th November 
This is an event for all the family. Wander among a variety of shops selling gifts while enjoying a live music show and nice street entertainment.
1.How long does it probably take a tourist to drive to Holker from Manchester?
A.20 minutes. B.25 minutes.
C.45 minutes. D.90 minutes.
2.How much should a member of a tour group pay to visit Hall & Gardens?
A.￡12.00.　　　B.￡9.00.　　　C.￡8.00.　　　D.￡5.50.
3.Which event will you go to if you want to see a live music show?
A.Producers' Market. B.Holker Garden Festival.
C.National Garden Day. D.Winter Market.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文介绍了到达Holker的方式、参观时间、费用和特殊活动。
1.D　2.B　3.D　
3年模拟
Passage 1 (2023届江苏省泰州中学调研)话题:科技发展
　　Don't like getting out of the shower on cold mornings? Are you feeling that cold wind when working or trying to relax?
The biggest issue that people have is the fact that most old⁃fashioned heaters are big, cost a lot to run and waste energy. Luckily, a company has recently just developed a product which saves tons of power during its operation and is, above all, smart and easy to use! It's called Hotix Pro and it's a very small, powerful heater that consumes much less energy than regular heaters.
How Does Hotix Pro Work?
The ceramic element (电热元件) stays warm 30% longer, so it doesn't have to use much power to reheat over and over again. The fan inside Hotix Pro then sucks the air out through the hot ceramic element and distributes it evenly throughout the room! It can heat a room up to 250 square feet and make it warmer in a few minutes, for just pennies.
What Makes It So Special?
One of the amazing features it has is the programmable timer. You can program it and warm up your bathroom before you wake up. Also, its remote controller makes it very easy to adjust the temperature. The company also kept safety in mind in the creation process—they added a sensor which makes Hotix Pro stop completely if it becomes too hot.
Is It Worth It?
Don't let your quality of life continue to suffer. Save on expensive energy costs and keep warm during the winter anywhere! Purchase Hotix Pro at half price with free worldwide shipping!
1.What is the main advantage of Hotix Pro?
A.It is delicate. B.It is efficient.
C.It is big. D.It is free of charge.
2.How does Hotix Pro make a room warm?
A.By keeping a high temperature itself.
B.By storing the heat inside its big body.
C.By heating the ceramic element again and again.
D.By taking in cold air and giving off warm air.
3.What is a programmable timer used for?
A.Checking the temperature automatically.
B.Adjusting the temperature from a distance.
C.Turning on or off Hotix Pro at the set time.
D.Turning off Hotix Pro when the room is too hot.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章介绍了一款体形小、功能强、耗能少的加热器Hotix Pro。
1.B　2.D　3.C　
Passage 2 (2023届浙江嘉兴9月基础测试)话题:艺术
Book Cover Art Contest
Do you have a passion for painting? Are you wild about watercolors? Are you a photographer who loves to record moments at the click of a button? Then this is your chance to see your work displayed on the cover of a book!
Teen Ink is seeking out a teen to create cover art for Teens Talk:Are You Listening? by teen author Maria Proulx! Written by a teen for teens, the book discusses matters relevant to a teen's life. Teen Ink is interested in all mediums and the sky is the limit!
Deadline: November 15, 2022
Guidelines:
●Format: 6×9,300 dpi.
●Teen Ink will only consider photos and artwork by teens.
●The best images for the book cover are clear, close⁃up, and high⁃resolution.
●Artwork must be well photographed (no flash) and submitted.
●There is no limit to the number of images you can submit!
●Be creative; don't be too literal in your interpretation of the author's point.
●Consider the theme of the book. Please download an outline of the book here.
Submissions:
●Submit entries through this link. All photographs and artwork submitted to Teen Ink are automatically considered for the cover art contest. See our submission guidelines for more information. 
●To make sure your artwork is included in the contest, include “Teens Talk Contest” in the first part of your artwork's title (e.g., Teens Talk Contest: Digital Addiction).
1.What does the book Teens Talk:Are You Listening? concern?
A.Issues related to teenage life.
B.Skill at designing a book cover.
C.Teenagers' comments on artwork.
D.Various mediums of communication.
2.Which of the following entries may be considered?
A.A photo taken by a middle⁃aged person.
B.A photo submitted just one day after the due date.
C.A painting photographed with flash from a distance.
D.A painting with creative ideas and based on the theme.
3.Where is this text probably taken from?
A.A book review.
B.An official website.
C.A training brochure.
D.An advertising poster.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章介绍了书籍封面艺术大赛的相关情况。
1.A　2.D　3.B　
Passage 3 (2023届江苏扬州宝应检测)话题:乐于学习
Special Breaks: Four UK's Creative Places
Chair making, Leicestershire
Spend a week in the National Forest woodlands learning to make your own chair. People having different levels of experience are welcomed. Beginners can make a single Windsor chair, while the more advanced learners can design their own chairs or try a child's chair.
Price: ￡650 per person (including accommodation)
Dates: 21-27 Jun., 31 Jul.-6 Aug., 23-29 Aug., 4-10 Oct.
Drawing, North Yorkshire
Learn how to create beautiful pen and ink drawings on this four⁃day art holiday in the North York Moors. Aimed at beginners, it teaches a range of styles and techniques to build confidence and improve various drawing skills. The course is mainly based at Larpool Hall, a Georgian house with views over Esk Valley.
Price: ￡405 per person (including accommodation and meals)
Dates: 25-28 Sept.
Celtic woodturning (木工车床加工), County Armagh
Guests stay at Bluebell Lane Glamping at the foot of Slieve Gullion in the Ring of Gullion Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The three⁃night break includes a full⁃day beginners' woodturning workshop, where participants make their own bowl from locally sourced wood, learning how to use a lathe (车床), sharpen tools, sand and finish. There is also a break for a guided walk through the 11⁃hectare woodland surrounding the site.
Price: ￡238 (including meals)
Dates: 21-23 Aug.
Wildlife photography, Dorset
Red squirrels are now very rare in England, but Brownsea Island has a large population of red squirrels. On this two⁃night trip, guests will explore the island and learn how to photograph the creatures in the woodlands. Led by Emma Healey and Sean Weekly, the course is an opportunity to take advantage of the best light of the day to take wildlife photographs.
Price: ￡475 per person (including accommodation, meals and student fees)
Dates: 14-15 Sept.
1.Which place will you choose if you want to enjoy a four⁃day vacation?
A.Dorset.　　　B.Leicestershire.　　　C.County Armagh.　　　D.North Yorkshire.
2.What should you avoid doing if you don't want to pay extra for meals?
A.Drawing.
B.Taking wildlife photos.
C.Experiencing chair making.
D.Learning Celtic woodturning.
3.What do the four activities mentioned above have in common?
A.They are all aimed at beginners.
B.They are all based in woodlands.
C.They all have professional leaders.
D.They all help improve people's practical skills.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章介绍了英国四个有创意且独特的休假好去处。
1.D　2.C　3.D　
Passage 4 (2023届江苏高邮一中阶段测试一)话题:善于学习
　　 Summer Schools
As the UK's Top Ranked Summer Schools, we will deliver an outstanding summer experience in a multinational, fun, and secure setting.
Oxford College Summer School
Oxford College Summer School enables students to live and study in an Oxford University College during the summer. The summer program is designed to give students a chance to study at university, meet other students from around the world and explore the famous city of Oxford.
Ages: 16-17
Dates: 15 July-30 August
Cambridge College Summer School
Join us to live and study in the noted university city of Cambridge. Explore the city that shaped some of the world's famous minds, including Sir Isaac Newton and Sylvia Plath. Follow in their footsteps as you experience your chosen subject through a series of lectures and workshops.
Ages: 15-17
Dates: 20 July-28 August
Earlscliffe Summer School
Earlscliffe Summer School is ideally located for both access to London and to a variety of local attractions. The campus is formed of seven Victorian and Edwardian buildings, all recently renovated to provide high⁃quality teaching and residential facilities.
Ages: 13-17
Dates: 20 June-31 July
Rochester Independent Summer School
Rochester Independent College, one of the UK's most well⁃established independent colleges, is proud to offer a range of distinctive summer courses. We are offering 4 different courses in very small classes where international visitors will study and socialize with local students.
Ages: 13-17
Dates: 25 June-28 July
1.Which of the following starts earliest?
A.Oxford College Summer School.
B.Cambridge College Summer School.
C.Earlscliffe Summer School.
D.Rochester Independent Summer School.
2.What can students do in the first two Summer Schools?
A.Socialize with local students.
B.Explore a noted university city.
C.Attend lectures and workshops.
D.Interview the world's great minds.
3.Where can the text be found?
A.In a history book.
B.In an art magazine.
C.In a research article.
D.In an education brochure.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章主要介绍了四所暑期学校。
1.C　2.B　3.D　
Passage 5 (2023届湖南长沙天心区入学检测)话题:志愿服务
Volunteers Wanted
As we all know, happy people give and gain more with volunteer work. Having volunteered with numerous beneficiaries, I've never regretted it. Here are a few choices for you to make a difference.
Hope Centre
Driven by the belief that animals have feelings, Animal Concerns Research and Education Society (ACRES) educates people on lifestyle choices that do not harm wild animals. Many opportunities are available when you become a volunteer at ACRES.
Tel:6892 9821　　　　　　　　　　Email:info@acres.org.sg
Willing Hearts
Willing Hearts is a 100% volunteer⁃run soup kitchen which cooks and distributes about 11,000 meals to the needy every day. As I was cutting vegetables, this realization hit me—others struggle to put food on the table, yet here I am taking my meals for granted. Everyone should volunteer here once. As we look forward to our next meal, there are others who rely on Willing Hearts for their basic food.
Tel:6476 5822　　　Email:admin@willinghearts.org.sg
Lions Befrienders
Make friends with the elderly—one simple act can make a world of difference. Regardless of whether you're a social butterfly or not, you can provide the much⁃needed emotional support they lack. After all, your weekly visits could be what they look forward to the most each week!
Tel:6375 8600　　　Email:volunteer@lb.org.sg
Bethel Community Services
Bethel Community Services offers a series of assistance programs for the alleviation (缓解) of suffering, ignorance or ill health. Any kid in need of advice can seek help at the services available. If you're a baker, artist, or singer, why not do what you enjoy—conduct a baking workshop, organise art and craft classes, and even teach kids how to sing?
Tel:6744 7422　　　Email:admin@bethelcs.org.sg
1.What is the aim of Hope Centre?
A.Cooking for hungry people.
B.Leading fun activities for kids.
C.Caring for the needs of the elderly.
D.Spreading awareness of wildlife protection.
2.What did the author come to realize at Willing Hearts?
A.Be grateful for every meal.
B.Learn to make friends with old people.
C.Volunteering is a gift that keeps on giving.
D.A kitchen is a place for teaching us to enjoy life.
3.Which phone number should you call if you want to help children?
A.6892 9821.　　　B.6476 5822.　　　C.6375 8600.　　　D.6744 7422.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章介绍了四个招募志愿者的机构。
1.D　2.A　3.D　
Passage 6 (2022湖南长沙市一中一模)话题:语言学习的方法
　　Home to students from all over the world, IH London offers a truly international learning environment with English courses available for beginners, intermediate and advanced learners. If you want to advance your English, there is a wide range of courses that you can choose from.
One⁃To⁃One English Lessons
English level: Minimum A1
Course content: This course is perfect for complete beginners and advanced learners alike because everything is tailored to your needs. You will define your learning outcomes with your teacher and they will create lessons based on your learning goals.
General English for over 30's
English level: A1 and above
Course content: This course is designed for international adults aged 30 and over, who want to learn or improve their English, while exploring London and making new friends from all over the world. Lessons are based on a range of relevant and motivating materials. London is used as a resource, with learners putting their language into practice regularly while exploring London.
General English 20 Lessons
English level: A2 and above
Course content: This is a great intensive course for all levels to improve your English, with an extra focus on speaking. Students will work together to explore and review grammar in context through role⁃play, discussions and presentations. The topics, language areas and materials will reflect the interests and needs of the class.
Future Leaders: World Leader
English level: B2 and above
Course content: This course encourages students to explore contemporary leadership skills such as debating, critical thinking, and teamwork. Students work in groups with a mix of nationalities and will be split into project management groups to work through seminars and business challenges.
If you would like to know more information, please contact us at sales@ihlondon.com.
1.What is the English level about One⁃To⁃One English Lessons?
A.B2 and above. B.A2 and above.
C.A1 and above. D.Minimum A1.
2.Which course focuses on improving oral English?
A.One⁃To⁃One English Lessons.
B.General English for over 30's.
C.General English 20 Lessons.
D.Future Leaders: World Leader.
3.What is special about Future Leaders: World Leader?
A.It has age limits.
B.It reviews grammar in various ways.
C.It involves more than language skills.
D.It allows students to design the course with teachers.

答案
[语篇解读] 文章主要介绍了一些提高英语水平的课程。
1.D　2.C　3.C　
Passage 7 (2022湖南长沙雅礼中学一模)话题:文学名著
Top Reads to Shine on Your Shelf
FACELESS
by Alyssa B. Sheinmel
This is an amazing book about a girl named Maisie, who has an accident, and ends up having a face transplant. Part of Maisie's face got burnt off in a fire, so now she has her cheeks and nose replaced by a different girl's cheeks and nose. However, if you think about it, the idea seems quite scary. All in all, I really enjoyed this book, and it had me hanging on its every word.
WE ARE ALL MADE OF MOLECULES
by Susin Nielsen
The story focuses on two main characters, Stewart and Ashley. Despite missing his mother, Stewart decides to make a new life with Ashley when he and his dad move into her house. Ashley doesn't like Stewart for his personality, but things turn even more complicated when a schoolmate, Jared, enters their lives. I love this book because it teaches us that if we all put aside all of our differences, we can work together to solve problems in the world, no matter how big or small the problem might be.
HOUSE OF WINDOWS
by Alexia Casale
This book is about a 15⁃year⁃old boy named Nick who is at Cambridge University. While there he faces many problems, he is not helped by the fact that his mum is dead and his dad cares more for his work than for him. Luckily, this book has a happy ending.
MIND YOUR HEAD
by Juno Dawson
This book is a great mix of humour and advice, differing from the more formal help books that you might read. It won't necessarily defeat your problem, but it will hand you the sword and encourage you to do it yourself.
1.Which word can best describe FACELESS?
A.Moving.　　　B.Inspirational.　　　C.Educational.　　　D.Appealing.
2.What does WE ARE ALL MADE OF MOLECULES tell us?
A.Different people can also work together.
B.Friendship is based on shared interests.
C.A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
D.One false step will make a great difference.
3.Which book will offer you fun and help you with your daily life?
A.FACELESS.
B.MIND YOUR HEAD.
C.HOUSE OF WINDOWS.
D.WE ARE ALL MADE OF MOLECULES.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章介绍了四本适合青少年阅读的书。
1.D　2.A　3.B　
Passage 8 (2022湖南长沙长郡中学一模)话题:社会公益机构
　　How cool can libraries be in an era of iPods and Kindles? More than you think. Only if you know where to go.
Central Library: Seattle, Washington, United States
The Central Library in Seattle is sleek, modern and sophisticated and has tourists from around the world. The library was voted onto the American Institute of Architects 150 favorite structures in the United States. The library holds various art exhibitions, book signings and other events throughout the year, while visitors can stop by the Chocolati coffee cart for a coffee and browse the gift shop anytime.
The Library of Trinity College Dublin: Dublin, Ireland
The Library of Trinity College Dublin is the oldest library in Ireland, founded in 1592 by Queen Elizabeth I. Not only is the exterior impressive, it boasts the largest single chamber library in the world, also known for the Long Room, which contains more than 200,000 of the library's oldest books. The Long Room houses one of the oldest harps in Ireland. Dating back to the 15th century, the oak harp is the model for the emblem of Ireland.
TU Delft Library: The Netherlands
The library at the Delft University of Technology was constructed in 1997 and has more than 862,000 books, 16,000 magazine subscriptions and its own museum. The building itself exists beneath the ground, so you can't really see the actual library. The roof is a grassy hill. A huge cone pierces the grass roof, which symbolizes technology. The roof covers 5,500 square meters. It has become one of the most striking and greenest structures in the area.
Bibliotheca Alexandrina: Alexandria, Egypt
The Bibliotheca Alexandrina is the revival of the ancient Royal Library of Alexandria, the largest and most influential library in the Greek world. The new library was reborn in 2002 on the shore of the Mediterranean Sea after 10 years of designing, planning and construction. In this library, there are four museums covering antiquities, manuscripts and science, and also 17 permanent exhibitions, including “Impressions of Alexandria” “Arabic Calligraphy” and “The History of Printing”.
1.What can visitors do in the Central Library?
A.Holding exhibitions.
B.Exchanging books.
C.Sampling local cuisine.
D.Buying souvenirs.
2.In which library can you find an ancient musical instrument?
A.The Central Library.
B.The Library of Trinity College Dublin.
C.The TU Delft Library.
D.The Bibliotheca Alexandrina.
3.What do the TU Delft Library and the Bibliotheca Alexandrina have in common?
A.They house their own museum.
B.They are buried underground.
C.They belong to famous universities.
D.They are based on their ancient versions.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章主要介绍了四个图书馆。
1.D　2.B　3.A　
Passage 9 (2022山东济宁一模)话题:学校生活
　　The two⁃week Harvard Pre⁃College Program is an intense and exciting experience of the college life. The admission committee is now looking for mature, academically motivated students who will graduate from high school and enter college in 2022.
The Course Experience
With almost 30 courses to choose from, you're sure to find a topic that interests you. Although courses are non⁃credit and do not have letter grades, you need to attend the class in its entirety. When class is not in session, you can participate in creative and social activities. At the end of the program, you'll receive a written evaluation from your instructor, as well as a transcript(成绩单).
Time
July 24-August 5
How to Apply
Complete an online application and provide supplemental(补充的)materials, including:
·The $75 non⁃refundable application fee.
·Transcripts from 9th grade to fall 2021 grades: This can include progress reports, report cards, and educational summaries from your high school.
·If English is not your native language, submit scores from the TOEFL IBT or IELTS language proficiency exam along with your application.
Cost & Aid
The total fee for a 2022 Harvard Pre⁃College Program session is $ 4,950. The program fee includes tuition, room and board, and activity costs for the full two weeks. There is also a non⁃refundable $ 75 application fee and $100 health insurance.
A limited number of scholarships are available to assist students who demonstrate financial needs. Awards vary based on need, and a typical award covers part of the tuition.
How to contact us
Interested in learning more about the program? Complete our request form, and a member of our team will contact you.
Phone: (617)495-4023
Email:precollege@summer.harvard.cn
1.Which is a requirement for students attending the course?
A.Completing 30 courses.
B.Getting required credits.
C.Having a full attendance.
D.Prioritizing social activities.
2.What should be included in supplemental materials?
A.Health certificates.
B.Academic conditions.
C.Financial declaration.
D.Personal integrity.
3.What's the full payment for an admitted student on the program?
A.$75.　　　B.$100.　　　C.$4,950.　　　D.$5,125.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章介绍了哈佛大学预科课程。
1.C　2.B　3.D　
Passage 10 (2022广东二模)话题:公益事业
　　River Beach Community now offers various programs free of charge. Please call (608) 7898640 for details.
Coping Skills
Tuesdays;December 8, December 22 1 p.m.-2 p.m. at www.zoom.com
Do you need a little help coping with life? Don't we all? Come and join us for casual conversation and helpful information. We will discuss a variety of topics, including healthy ways to cope with change and life transitions as we age.
Fill Your Cup
Fill Your Cup is a personalized one⁃hour session held on Mondays or Thursdays. Looking for a way to be social while still being safe? This program is designed to help you recharge your batteries in a way suitable for you. Bring your coffee and we'll chat! Bring your training shoes and we can stretch together! Whatever helps you “fill your cup”, we can figure out a plan together.
Connect 2 Nature
Fridays;December 4, December 18 11 a.m.-12:30 p.m. at www.lifesize.com
Join us as we explore a range of topics related to nature and discover how the environment impacts our health and well⁃being. We will learn from local experts and share in casual conversation about all things environmental.
New Device Tech Help
Thursdays;December 3, December 17 11 a.m.-12 p.m.
New Site at St. Andrews Street (if open, please call before attending)
Do you have questions about a new device or just need some help with your device? Bring your cell phone, tablet, iPad, or any other technology item that you may have and La Crosse Public Library staff will be ready to help with your questions.
1.How can participants benefit from Fill Your Cup?
A.By taking stretching exercises alone.
B.By designing team plans to improve skills.
C.By enjoying friendly talks with free drinks.
D.By enlarging social circles in a relaxing way.
2.Which program is suitable if you are available only on Fridays?
A.Coping Skills.
B.Fill Your Cup.
C.Connect 2 Nature.
D.New Device Tech Help.
3.What do the programs have in common?
A.They feature online activities.
B.They promote social interaction.
C.They provide professional instructions.
D.They advocate environmental protection.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章介绍了河滩社区免费为居民提供的四个项目。
1.D　2.C　3.B　
Passage 11 (2022河北石家庄质检)话题:个人生活
Guided Tours in the British Museum
Around the world in 70 minutes tour
Explore some of the most famous objects on display at the Museum. See the details of the characterful Lewis Chessmen, marvel at the ancient texts on the world⁃famous Rosetta Stone and get closer to more highlights from the collection.
Time:11:30~12:40, 13 Feb. 2022-29 May 2022
Price: ￡14 (Adults and children aged 12+)
Life and death in ancient Egypt
Discover how people lived and died in ancient Egypt, and explore their hopes for the afterlife. From statues and models of daily life to wall paintings, investigate what tombs and burial goods tell us about the lives of ancient Egyptians.
Time: 09:00~10:00, 13 Feb. 2022-18 Dec. 2022
Price: ￡33;￡30 (students, disabled visitors);￡16.50 (Ages 5-15 years);Free for under 5
An introduction to China
Gain an insight into the development of Chinese history and culture from 5000 BC to the present day. Appreciate the exhibits featuring Tang dynasty tomb figures and Ming dynasty blue⁃and⁃white porcelain.
Time: 09:00~10:00, 19 Feb. 2022-17 Dec. 2022
Price: ￡33;￡30 (students, disabled visitors);￡16.50 (Ages 5-15 years);Free for under 5
An introduction to the ancient Greek world
Start from the rise of the Greek city states to the empire of Alexander the Great. Enjoy some of the highlights of the collection, including sculptures from the Parthenon and the Mausoleum of Halikarnassos, regarded as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.
Time: 09:00~10:00, 24 Feb. 2022-26 Jun. 2022
Price: ￡33;￡30 (students, disabled visitors);￡16.50 (Ages 5-15 years);Free for under 5
1.When can you see the Rosetta Stone?
A.At 9:30, 15 Feb. B.At 11:30, 26 May.
C.At 12:00, 6 Jun. D.At 12:30, 17 Dec.
2.What can people do in the tour of Life and death in ancient Egypt?
A.Explore ancient tombs and burial goods.
B.Witness the development of the country.
C.Visit most famous galleries of the country.
D.Appreciate sculptures from the Parthenon.
3.How much should a couple with a child aged 6 pay for An introduction to China?
A.￡33.　　　B.￡49.5.　　　C.￡66.　　　D.￡82.5.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章主要介绍了在大英博物馆旅行的项目及其相关信息。
1.B　2.A　3.D　
Passage 12 (2022辽宁沈阳一模)话题:个人职业倾向
Get Help Finding a Youth or Student Job
If you're a student looking for a job, you can get help through these programs—regardless of your background or circumstances.
Youth Job Connection
You get at least 60 hours of paid training to prepare you for the workplace;a job for up to 6 months;job⁃coaching and help with the transition from school to work, or to ongoing employment once the program ends.
Who is eligible (具备条件的): between 16 and 29 years old;not attending full⁃time school or training.
Youth Job Connection Summer
You get at least 20 hours of paid training to prepare you for the workplace;summer jobs that last for up to 8 weeks (part⁃time and after⁃school jobs are available if they don't conflict with school);job⁃coaching and help returning to school after the program ends.
Who is eligible: between 15 and 18 years old;a high school student planning to stay in or return to school, or to move on to postsecondary education.
MARS Studio
You are guided to learn critical skills you need to solve complex 21st century challenges;build networks with peers, coaches, and leaders;and pursue your innovative ideas for bold change in society.
Who is eligible: 8⁃month fellowship for young people aged 18-29.
Starter Company Program
You get guidance, business knowledge and funding to start, grow, or buy a small business. To qualify for funding of up to $5,000, you need to be able to contribute at least 25% of the grant amount.
Who is eligible: between 18 and 29 years old;applicants must not be attending school full⁃time.
1.Which program is suitable for a 15⁃year⁃old student?
A.The Youth Job Connection.
B.The Youth Job Connection Summer.
C.The MARS Studio.
D.The Starter Company Program.
2.What is special about Youth Job Connection Summer?
A.It is intended for students only.
B.It provides the longest training.
C.It offers business knowledge.
D.It helps return to school after the program ends.
3.What do all of these programs offer?
A.A well⁃paid job.　　　B.Paid training.　　　C.Job guidance.　　　D.High salary.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章介绍了四个适合学生的职业指导项目。
1.B　2.D　3.C　
Passage 13 (2022山东烟台、德州一模)话题:个人生活
Enter DSWF Global Canvas 2022
Global Canvas is an annual children's art competition run by David Shepherd Wildlife Foundation (DSWF). It's a fantastic way to encourage creativity and display thoughts and concern for our planet's environment and the incredible wildlife that inhabits it. We're thrilled to announce that entries are now open for the DSWF Global Canvas 2022 competition, for which the theme is “Forests of Land and Sea”.
DSWF Global Canvas 2022 is free to enter and open to children aged 16 and under—either as a group or an individual. Entries for groups and individuals will be judged separately and in the following age groups: ages 4-7 years, ages 8-11 years, and ages 12-16 years. A group entry can be any size from 2 children up to an entire school!
Any art technique is welcome. Entrants can create an artwork of any size that they like, as long as their entry is based on the theme and the work is original. DSWF always likes to see recycled materials used wherever possible. Please note that you mustn't send us your actual artwork, however, you need to send us a photograph and video of it in addition to completing the relevant group or individual entry form. All entries must be received digitally by Friday 11 February 2022.
Entries will be judged on the quality of art, interpretation of the theme, creativity, and for group entries—level of joint work. The decision of the judges will be final. Competition winners will receive vouchers (代金券) for art supplies, digital animal adoptions and certificates.

1.How many age groups will the entries be classified into?
A.One.　　　B.Two.　　　C.Three.　　　D.Four.
2.Which of the following will fail to meet the requirements of this competition?
A.Making an artwork using recycled materials.
B.Creating an artwork with an ancient art form.
C.Delivering an original physical artwork to DSWF.
D.Sending a digital photo of a completed work on January 1.
3.What is the extra consideration in judging a group entry?
A.Content.　　　B.Cooperation.　　　C.Creativity.　　　D.Complexity.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章介绍了2022年全球画布野生动物艺术大赛的相关事宜。
1.C　2.C　3.B　
语篇类型2·记叙文
5年高考
A组　新高考卷题组
Passage 1 (2021新高考Ⅰ, B)话题:个人职业倾向
　　By day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer. In his spare time though he goes on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova—not as a musician but as her page turner. “I'm not a trained musician, but I've learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.”
Mr Titterton is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but has been the group's official page turner for the past four years. His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn't have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves. He said he became just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage.
“A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don't turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot,”Mr Titterton explained.
Being a page turner requires plenty of practice. Some pieces of music can go for 40 minutes and require up to 50 page turns, including back turns for repeat passages. Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of “nodding” to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with their page turner.
But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong. “I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand,” Mr Titterton said. “Luckily I was able to catch them and put them back.”
Most page turners are piano students or up⁃and⁃coming concert pianists, although Ms Raspopova has once asked her husband to help her out on stage.
“My husband is the worst page turner,” she laughed. “He's interested in the music, feeling every note, and I have to say:‘Turn, turn!’”“Robert is the best page turner I've had in my entire life.”
1.What should Titterton be able to do to be a page turner?
A.Read music. B.Play the piano.
C.Sing songs. D.Fix the instruments.
2.Which of the following best describes Titterton's job on stage?
A.Boring. 　　　B.Well⁃paid.　　　C.Demanding. 　　　D.Dangerous.
3.What does Titterton need to practise?
A.Counting the pages.
B.Recognizing the “nodding”.
C.Catching falling objects.
D.Performing in his own style.
4.Why is Ms Raspopova's husband “the worst page turner”?
A.He has very poor eyesight.
B.He ignores the audience.
C.He has no interest in music.
D.He forgets to do his job.
答案
[语篇解读] 在音乐家演奏时为他们翻乐谱的人虽然在舞台上不引人注意,但需要很多技巧和大量的训练。
1.A　2.C　3.B　4.D　
Passage 2 (2021新高考Ⅱ, B)话题:人与动物
　　I have worked as a keeper at the National Zoo for 11 years. Spot and Stripe are the first tiger cubs(幼兽) that have ever been born here. Globally, a third of Sumatran cubs in zoos don't make it to adulthood, so I decided to give them round⁃the⁃clock care at home.
I've got two children—the younger one, Kynan, was extremely happy about the tigers arriving—but all of us really looked forward to being part of their lives and watching them grow. I wasn't worried about bringing them into my home with my wife and kids. These were cubs. They weighed about 2.5kg and were so small that there was absolutely no risk.
As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the day, but when we were asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise they'd get up to mischief. We'd come down in the morning to find they'd turned the room upside down, and left it looking like a zoo. 
Things quickly got very intense due to the huge amount of energy required to look after them. There were some tough times and I just felt extremely tired. I was grateful that my family was there to help. We had to have a bit of a production line going, making up “tiger milk”, washing baby bottles, and cleaning the floors.
When Spot and Stripe were four months old, they were learning how to open doors and jump fences, and we knew it really was time for them to go. It was hard for us to finally part with them. For the first few days, Kynan was always a bit disappointed that the cubs weren't there.
I'm not sad about it. I'm hands⁃on with them every day at the zoo, and I do look back very fondly on the time that we had them.
1.Why did the author bring the tiger cubs home?
A.To ensure their survival.
B.To observe their differences.
C.To teach them life skills.
D.To let them play with his kids.
2.What do the underlined words “get up to mischief” mean in paragraph 3?
A.Behave badly.
B.Lose their way.
C.Sleep soundly.
D.Miss their mom.
3.What did the author think of raising the tiger cubs at home?
A.Boring.　　　B.Tiring.　　　C.Costly.　　　D.Risky.
4.Why did the author decide to send Spot and Stripe back to the zoo?
A.They frightened the children.
B.They became difficult to contain.
C.They annoyed the neighbours.
D.They started fighting each other.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章讲述了老虎幼崽在作者家生活的情况以及作者照顾老虎幼崽的感受。
1.A　2.A　3.B　4.B　
Passage 3 (2021新高考Ⅱ, C)话题:社会热点问题
　　A British woman who won a $1 million prize after she was named the World's Best Teacher will use the cash to bring inspirational figures into UK schools.
Andria Zafirakou, a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to bring about a classroom revolution(变革). “We are going to make a change,” she said. “I've started a project to promote the teaching of the arts in our schools.”
The project results from the difficulties many schools have in getting artists of any sort—whether an up⁃and⁃coming local musician or a major movie star—into schools to work with and inspire children.
Zafirakou began the project at Alperton Community School, her place of work for the past twelve years. “I've seen those magic moments when children are talking to someone they are inspired by—their eyes are shining and their faces light up,” she said. “We need artists, more than ever in our schools.”
Artist Michael Craig⁃Martin said, “Andria's brilliant project to bring artists from all fields into direct contact with children is particularly welcome at a time when the arts are being downgraded in schools.” It was a mistake to see the arts as unnecessary, he added.
Historian Sir Simon Schama is also a supporter of the project. He said that arts education in schools was not just an add⁃on. “It is absolutely necessary. The future depends on creativity and creativity depends on the young. What will remain of us when artificial intelligence takes over will be our creativity, and it is our creative spirit, our visionary sense of freshness, that has been our strength for centuries.”
1.What will Zafirakou do with her prize money?
A.Make a movie.
B.Build new schools.
C.Run a project.
D.Help local musicians.
2.What does Craig⁃Martin think of the teaching of the arts in UK schools?
A.It is particularly difficult.
B.It increases artists' income.
C.It opens children's mind.
D.It deserves greater attention.
3.What should be stressed in school education according to Schama?
A.Moral principles.
B.Interpersonal skills.
C.Creative abilities.
D.Positive worldviews.
4.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A.Bring Artists to Schools
B.When Historians Meet Artists
C.Arts Education in Britain
D.The World's Best Arts Teacher
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇新闻报道。英国一名女子在被评为世界最佳教师后获得了100万美元的奖金,她用这笔奖金发起一个项目——让艺术家进入学校。
1.C　2.D　3.C　4.A　
Passage 4 (2020新高考Ⅰ, B)话题:终身学习
　　Jennifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degree. That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin⁃Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor's degree.
Mauer, of Edgar, Wisconsin, grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children. Her dad worked at a job away from the farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids. After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition (学费), because there was no extra money set aside for a college education. After graduation, she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.
Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own. She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves:nursing. She chose the UW⁃Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four⁃year degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids. Jennifer received great support from her family as she worked to earn her degree:Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and her 68⁃year⁃old mother helped take care of the children at times.
Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer sacrificed(牺牲) to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study.“Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers,” she says. However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first⁃generation graduate and an inspiration to her family—and that's pretty powerful.
1.What did Jennifer do after high school?
A.She helped her dad with his work.
B.She ran the family farm on her own.
C.She supported herself through college.
D.She taught her sisters and brothers at home.
2.Why did Jennifer choose the program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield?
A.To take care of her kids easily.
B.To learn from the best nurses.
C.To save money for her parents.
D.To find a well⁃paid job there.
3.What did Jennifer sacrifice to achieve her goal?
A.Her health. B.Her time with family.
C.Her reputation. D.Her chance of promotion.
4.What can we learn from Jennifer's story?
A.Time is money.
B.Love breaks down barriers.
C.Hard work pays off.
D.Education is the key to success.
答案
[语篇解读] 作为三个孩子的母亲,珍妮弗·莫尔凭借顽强的意志力坚持学习,最终获得护理学学士学位。
1.C　2.A　3.B　4.C　
Passage 5 (2020新高考Ⅱ, B)话题:学校生活
　　The end of the school year was in sight and spirits were high. I was back teaching after an absence of 15 years, dealing with the various kinds of “forbidden fruit” that come out of book bags. Now was the spring of the water pistol(手枪).
I decided to think up a method of dealing with forbidden fruit.
“Please bring that pistol to me,” I said. “I'm going to put it in my Grandma's Box.”
“What's that?” they asked.
“It's a large wooden chest full of toys for my grandchildren,” I replied.
“You don't have grandchildren,” someone said.
“I don't now,” I replied. “But someday I will. When I do, my box will be full of wonderful things for them.”
My imaginary Grandma's Box worked like magic that spring, and later. Sometimes students would ask me to describe all the things I had in it. Then I would try to remember the different possessions I supposedly had taken away—since I seldom actually kept them. Usually the offender would appear at the end of the day, and I would return the belonging. 
The years went by, and my first grandchild Gordon was born. I shared my joy with that year's class. Then someone said, “Now you can use your Grandma's Box.” From then on, instead of coming to ask their possessions back, the students would say, “That's okay. Put it in your Grandma's Box for Gordon.”
I loved talking about the imaginary box, not only with my students but also with my own children. They enjoyed hearing about all the forbidden fruit I had collected. Then one Christmas I received a surprise gift—a large, beautifully made wooden chest. My son Bruce had made my Grandma's Box a reality.
1.What was the author's purpose in having the conversation with the students?
A.To collect the water pistol.
B.To talk about her grandchildren.
C.To recommend some toys.
D.To explain her teaching method.
2.What do the underlined words “the offender” in paragraph 8 refer to?
A.The student's parent.
B.The maker of the Grandma's Box.
C.The author's grandchild.
D.The owner of the forbidden fruit.
3.What did the students do after they learned about the birth of Gordon?
A.They went to play with the baby.
B.They asked to see the Grandma's Box.
C.They made a present for Gordon.
D.They stopped asking their toys back.
4.What can we infer about the author?
A.She enjoys telling jokes.
B.She is a strict and smart teacher.
C.She loves doing woodwork.
D.She is a responsible grandmother.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章主要讲述了作者为没收学生们带到学校的玩具,虚构了一个“奶奶的盒子”。到后来,作者的第一个孙子出生,学生们也不再来要求归还他们的玩具了,作者也在某一年圣诞节收到了儿子制作的大木箱,将“奶奶的盒子”变成了现实。
1.A　2.D　3.D　4.B　
B组　全国卷、自主命题卷题组
Passage 1 (2022全国甲, C)话题:个人生活
　　As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins(企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick⁃started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge. 
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last⁃minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I'd find there and I wasn't nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she'd never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.”
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
1.Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?
A.Try challenging things.
B.Take a degree.
C.Bring back lost memories.
D.Stick to a promise.
2.What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica?
A.Lovely penguins. B.Beautiful scenery.
C.A discount fare. D.A friend's invitation.
3.What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey?
A.It could be a home for her.
B.It should be easily accessible.
C.It should be well preserved.
D.It needs to be fully introduced.
4.What is the text mainly about?
A.A childhood dream.
B.An unforgettable experience.
C.Sailing around the world.
D.Meeting animals in Antarctica.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章介绍了热爱旅行的Ginni Bazlinton去南极洲旅行的经历和感悟。
1.A　2.C　3.C　4.B　
Passage 2 (2022浙江6月, A)话题:个人生活
　　Pasta and pizza were on everyone's lunch menu in my native land of Italy. Everyone who had such a lunch was fair⁃skinned and spoke Italian. A few years later, as I stood in the lunch line with my kindergarten class in a school in Brooklyn, I realized things were no longer that simple. My classmates ranged from those kids with pale skin and large blue eyes to those with rich brown skin and dark hair. The food choices were almost as diverse as the students. In front of me was an array of foods I couldn't even name in my native language. Fearing that I would pick out something awful, I desperately tried to ask the boy ahead of me for a recommendation. Unfortunately, between us stood the barrier of language.
Although my kindergarten experience feels like a century ago, the lessons I learned will stick in my mind forever. For the past three summers, I have worked in a government agency in New York. New immigrants much like the little girl in the lunch line flooded our office seeking help. I often had to be an interpreter for the Italian⁃speaking ones. As I served the role of vital communication link, I was reminded of my desperate struggle to converse before I learned English. I watched with great sympathy as elderly Italians tried to hold a conversation in Italian with people who did not speak the language. It suddenly became very clear to me how lucky I was to be fluent in two languages.
In New York, a multicultural city, students like me are blessed with a chance to work with a diverse population. In my English to Italian translations, I've learned about social programs that I didn't know existed. This work expanded my mind in ways that are impossible inside the four walls of a classroom. Walking through the streets of Brooklyn today, I am no longer confused by this city's sounds and smells. Instead, I enjoy its diversity.
1.What did the author realize after entering school in Brooklyn?
A.Time passed quickly.
B.English was hard to learn.
C.The food was terrible.
D.People were very different.
2.Who does “the little girl” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A.An Italian teacher. B.A government official.
C.The author herself. D.The author's classmate.
3.How did the summer job benefit the author?
A.It strengthened her love for school.
B.It helped sharpen her sense of direction.
C.It opened her eyes to the real world.
D.It made her childhood dream come true.

答案
[语篇解读] 作者通过三个夏天的工作,开阔了视野,接受了真实世界的多样性。
1.D　2.C　3.C　
Passage 3 (2021全国甲, C)话题:社区生活
　　When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow, London on a gray January morning. Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless blue⁃sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. Until I made a discovery.
Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing. I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam(横杆), I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: “Safe!Safe!Safe!”And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.
When I was 15, my family moved to Washington. I tried skateboarding there, but the locals were far less welcoming. Within a couple of years, I'd given it up.
When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself wandering down to Southbank, spending hours there. I've traveled back several times since, most recently this past spring. The day was cold but clear; tourists and Londoners stopped to watch the skaters. Weaving (穿梭)among the kids who rushed by on their boards, I found my way to the beam. Then a rail⁃thin teenager, in a baggy white T⁃shirt, skidded(滑)up to the beam. He sat next to me. He seemed not to notice the man next to him. But soon I caught a few of his glances. “I was a local here 20 years ago,” I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his head. “Safe, man. Safe.”
“Yeah,” I said. “Safe.”
1.What can we learn about the author soon after he moved to London?
A.He felt disappointed.
B.He gave up his hobby.
C.He liked the weather there.
D.He had disagreements with his family.
2.What do the underlined words “Safe!Safe!Safe!” probably mean?
A.Be careful! B.Well done!
C.No way! D.Don't worry!
3.Why did the author like to spend time in Southbank when he returned to London?
A.To join the skateboarding.
B.To make new friends.
C.To learn more tricks.
D.To relive his childhood days.
4.What message does the author seem to convey in the text?
A.Children should learn a second language.
B.Sport is necessary for children's health.
C.Children need a sense of belonging.
D.Seeing the world is a must for children.
答案
[语篇解读] 作者讲述了自己通过滑板运动与伦敦当地的爱好者交流、互动的故事。
1.A　2.B　3.D　4.C　
Passage 4 (2021浙江6月, A)话题:正确的人生态度
　　Leslie Nielsen's childhood was a difficult one, but he had one particular shining star in his life—his uncle, who was a well⁃known actor. The admiration and respect his uncle earned inspired Nielsen to make a career(职业)in acting. Even though he often felt he would be discovered to be a no⁃talent, he moved forward, gaining a scholarship to the Neighborhood Playhouse and making his first television appearance a few years later in 1948. However, becoming a full⁃time, successful actor would still be an uphill battle for another eight years until he landed a number of film roles that finally got him noticed.
But even then, what he had wasn't quite what he wanted, Nielsen always felt he should be doing comedy but his good looks and distinguished voice kept him busy in dramatic roles. It wasn't until 1980—32 years into his career—that he landed the role it would seem he was made for in Airplane!. That movie led him into the second half of his career where his comedic presence alone could make a movie a financial success even when movie reviewers would not rate it highly.
Did Nielsen then feel content in his career?Yes and no. He was thrilled to be doing the comedy that he always felt he should do, but even during his last few years, he always had a sense of curiosity, wondering what new role or challenge might be just around the corner. He never stopped working, never retired.
Leslie Nielsen's devotion to acting is wonderfully inspiring. He built a hugely successful career with little more than plain old hard work and determination. He showed us that even a single desire, never given up on, can make for a remarkable life.
1.Why did Nielsen want to be an actor?
A.He enjoyed watching movies.
B.He was eager to earn money.
C.He wanted to be like his uncle.
D.He felt he was good at acting.
2.What do we know about Nielsen in the second half of his career?
A.He directed some high quality movies.
B.He avoided taking on new challenges.
C.He focused on playing dramatic roles.
D.He became a successful comedy actor.
3.What does Nielsen's career story tell us?
A.Art is long, life is short.
B.He who laughs last laughs longest.
C.It's never too late to learn.
D.Where there's a will there's a way.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章讲述了莱斯利·尼尔森的演艺生涯和取得的卓越成就。
1.C　2.D　3.D　
Passage 5 (2020全国Ⅱ, D)话题:乐于学习
　　I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.
My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old. It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.
As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source(来源)of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them. 
I always read, using different voices, as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it! It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books.
Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on from generation to generation.
As a novelist, I've found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can't afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港)for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy(盗版行为)and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.
1.Which word best describes the author's relationship with books as a child?
A.Cooperative. B.Uneasy.
C.Inseparable. D.Casual.
2.What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A.Pleasure from working in the library.
B.Joy of reading passed on in the family.
C.Wonderment from acting out the stories.
D.A closer bond developed with the readers.
3.What does the author call on other writers to do?
A.Sponsor book fairs.
B.Write for social media.
C.Support libraries.
D.Purchase her novels.
4.Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Reading:A Source of Knowledge
B.My Idea about Writing
C.Library:A Haven for the Young
D.My Love of the Library
答案
[语篇解读] 文章介绍了作者不同时期与图书馆的不解之缘。
1.C　2.B　3.C　4.D　
Passage 6 (2019全国Ⅰ, B)话题:积极的生活态度
　　For Canaan Elementary's second grade in Patchogue, N.Y., today is speech day, and right now it's Chris Palaez's turn. The 8⁃year⁃old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.
But he's nervous.“I'm here to tell you today why you should...should...”Chris trips on the “⁃ld,”a pronunciation difficulty for many non⁃native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support. “...Vote for...me...”Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.
A son of immigrants, Chris started learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls(回想起)how at the beginning of the year, when called upon to read, Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.
Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes.“It takes a lot for any student,”Whaley explains, “especially for a student who is learning English as their new language, to feel confident enough to say,‘I don't know, but I want to know.’”
Whaley got the idea of this second⁃grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀)about themselves.
“Boasting about yourself, and your best qualities,”Whaley says,“is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.”
1.What made Chris nervous?
A.Telling a story.　　　B.Making a speech.　　　
C.Taking a test.　　　D.Answering a question.
2.What does the underlined word “stumbles” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A.Improper pauses.
B.Bad manners.
C.Spelling mistakes.
D.Silly jokes.
3.We can infer that the purpose of Whaley's project is to　　　. 
A.help students see their own strengths
B.assess students' public speaking skills
C.prepare students for their future jobs
D.inspire students' love for politics
4.Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher?
A.Humorous.　　　B.Ambitious.　　　C.Caring.　　　D.Demanding.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章讲述了Whaley老师关爱学生,鼓励学生发现自己的优点,增强自信的故事。
1.B　2.A　3.A　4.C　

Passage 7 (2019全国Ⅱ, B)话题:志愿服务
　　“You can use me as a last resort(选择), and if nobody else volunteers, then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids' lacrosse(长曲棍球)club.
I guess that there's probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren't even on...At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, I'll do it.” 
I'm secretly relieved because I know there's real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end⁃of⁃season gifts. Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.
Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close. That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more:Connecting to the community(社区) as you freely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. Volunteering just feels so good.
In that sense, I'm pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I'd freely like to admit. However, if others benefit in the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies?
1.What can we infer about the parent from her reply in paragraph 1?
A.She knows little about the club.
B.She isn't good at sports.
C.She just doesn't want to volunteer.
D.She's unable to meet her schedule.
2.What does the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in paragraph 2 mean?
A.Encourage teamwork.
B.Appeal to feelings.
C.Promote good deeds.
D.Provide advice.
3.What can we learn about the parent from paragraph 3?
A.She gets interested in lacrosse.
B.She is proud of her kids.
C.She'll work for another season.
D.She becomes a good helper.
4.Why does the author like doing volunteer work?
A.It gives her a sense of duty.
B.It makes her very happy.
C.It enables her to work hard.
D.It brings her material rewards.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章记述了作者请一位家长做志愿者的故事。
1.C　2.B　3.D　4.B　
Passage 8 (2018全国Ⅲ, C)话题:建筑领域的代表人物
　　While famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts, many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage.
Their efforts have been proven fruitful. Wang Shu, a 49⁃year⁃old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize—which is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architecture—on February 28. He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award.
Wang serves as head of the Architecture Department at the China Academy of Art(CAA). His office is located at the Xiangshan campus(校园) of the university in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Many buildings on the campus are his original creations.
The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities. Many visitors were amazed by the complex architectural space and abundant building types. The curves(曲线) of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills, forming a unique view.
Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages. He asked the workers to use traditional techniques to make the bricks into walls, roofs and corridors. This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements(元素).
Wang's works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of traditions. Through such a balance, he had created a new type of Chinese architecture, said Tadao Ando, the winner of the 1995 Pritzker Prize.
Wang believes traditions should not be sealed in glass boxes at museums. “That is only evidence that traditions once existed,”he said.
“Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding of traditions. They think tradition means old things from the past. In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created,”he said.
“Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions. Many people tend to talk about traditions without knowing what they really are,”said Wang.
The study of traditions should be combined with practice. Otherwise, the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty, he said.
1.Wang's winning of the prize means that Chinese architects are 　　　. 
A.following the latest world trend
B.getting international recognition
C.working harder than ever before
D.relying on foreign architects
2.What impressed visitors to the CAA Xiangshan campus most?
A.Its hilly environment. B.Its large size.
C.Its unique style. D.Its diverse functions.
3.What made Wang's architectural design a success?
A.The mixture of different shapes.
B.The balance of East and West.
C.The use of popular techniques.
D.The harmony of old and new.
4.What should we do about Chinese traditions according to Wang?
A.Spread them to the world.
B.Preserve them at museums.
C.Teach them in universities.
D.Recreate them in practice.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章介绍了中国建筑设计师王澍将传统与现代结合,将中国传统元素融入自己的建筑设计中,荣获了2012年普利兹克建筑奖。
1.B　2.C　3.D　4.D　
3年模拟
Passage 1 (2023届湖南长沙长郡中学月考二)话题:体育精神
　　Jim Thorpe is one of the greatest athletes of all time. He had amazing athletic abilities and was well⁃known during his lifetime, yet that did not make Thorpe a stranger to adversity. 
Thorpe was an American Indian from Oklahoma who developed his extraordinary athletic skills in his youth through hard labor. It was also in his youth that he learned to endure hardship caused by racial prejudice. Many would say his childhood was not easy. He grew up poor and at age 9 his twin brother passed away and a few years later he lost both of his parents.
But that did not stop him from doing what he loved and pursuing his dreams. Nothing seemed to stop him, not even stolen shoes. Just hours before Thorpe was going to compete in the 1912 Olympics, somebody stole his shoes. Thorpe improvised(临时拼凑) by getting shoes out of the garbage. The shoes were two different sizes. He wore an extra pair of socks on one foot to even them out.
He still went on to win two gold medals—winning each event he competed in except for one, the javelin(投掷标枪项目). The javelin was the only event he didn't win, probably because he had never competed in that event before. It is interesting to note that Thorpe had tried to throw the javelin once before in the Olympic trials. At the time, he didn't know that he could throw it with a running start. He threw it standing still and was placed second.
At the Olympics, he also took part in the decathlon(十项全能运动). He finished first in two events, third in four events, and fourth in two more. Thorpe ended up finishing third in the world. He was undoubtedly a dominating force that couldn't be stopped and just kept on going.
I think Paul Dughi said it best, “It's hard to imagine now that pro athletes get paid millions of dollars just for wearing a particular brand of shoes. For Jim Thorpe, it didn't matter what kind he wore.”
1.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 mean?
A.The adversity Thorpe met with led to his success.
B.Thorpe's success was no guarantee of a better life.
C.Thorpe's career brought him both gains and losses.
D.Thorpe suffered many hardships despite his success.
2.Why did Thorpe wear more socks on one foot?
A.To prevent the foot from injury.
B.To make the shoe fit the foot.
C.To stop the shoe from being stolen.
D.To show his problem⁃solving skills.
3.What most likely led to Thorpe's failure to win the javelin?
A.Loss of his own sports shoes.
B.A casual attitude towards the event.
C.Lack of experience in the event.
D.A shortage of talent for the event.
4.Which of the following words can best describe Jim Thorpe?
A.Loyal and enthusiastic.
B.Genuine and creative.
C.Tough and strong⁃minded.
D.Selfless and good⁃tempered.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章介绍了美洲印第安人吉姆·索普坎坷的人生经历和他所取得的骄人成绩。
1.D　2.B　3.C　4.C　
Passage 2 (2023届江苏扬州宝应检测)话题:优秀品行
　　I've always enjoyed the idea of travelling and volunteering for a few months in southern Europe and living close to the sea, surrounded by nature, staying with the locals and exploring their culture. So when I had a chance to make this daydream a reality, I decided to apply for my first experience on a farm in Portugal.
The farm is located a few kilometers away from Lagos, in a remote location in the hills. It was designed around the idea of connecting nature and technology in a green way and with a self⁃sustainable approach. My host, Lucio, is really passionate about the do⁃it⁃yourself initiative or maker culture. He built and decorated his house using natural materials. He changed the shipping container into an electronic lab.
When my host learned that I majored in electronics at college, he was very trusting and encouraged me to work on one of the most important issues on the farm—the well's pump operation. Since the well was the only water source for the entire farm, it turned out to be a tough task for me. I wasn't even sure if I could do it in the beginning, but with my host's encouragement, I gradually made progress and was able to build a working prototype (原型).
Lucio was very excited when we connected the DIY prototype I built to the pump control panel successfully. I still remember the moment when Lucio shook my hand with a big smile and thanked me for solving one of the farm's most difficult problems. With his trust, I got to work on more complex projects afterwards too!
Before this volunteer experience, I never thought my help would be so appreciated. I realized that I could make a very positive impact on people's lives by sharing knowledge to build something useful.
1.What is the highlight of the farm?
A.It is high⁃tech.
B.It is man⁃made.
C.It is environment⁃friendly.
D.It covers the largest area.
2.Why was the author asked to work on the well's pump operation?
A.He was enthusiastic about it.
B.He had a wealth of experience.
C.He had the ability to finish the work.
D.He acquired relevant academic knowledge.
3.What did the author think of his volunteer work?
A.Boring.　　　B.Necessary.　　　C.Meaningful.　　　D.Demanding.
4.What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A.To share an interesting experience.
B.To call on more people to volunteer.
C.To recommend a travel destination.
D.To remember an impressive friend.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章主要讲述了作者用自己的相关学术知识为农场主解决水泵的问题,并收获感激的故事。
1.C　2.D　3.C　4.A　
Passage 3 (2023届江苏盐城伍佑中学期初)话题:对社会有突出贡献的人物
　　Dr. Paul Farmer, who died unexpectedly at the age of 62 in Rwanda, was one of the most extraordinary people I have ever known. As co⁃founder of the global health organization Partners in Health, Paul spent more than 30 years changing the way health care is delivered in the poorest places on earth.
Along the way, his fine mind, big heart, and continuous drive to do good inspired countless others to follow his example.
While still a student at Harvard Medical School in the 1980s, Paul and his colleagues opened a one⁃room clinic in remote Cange, Haiti, where they not only cared for locals, but trained a team of health workers to serve the surrounding areas. He lived there in a simple home with a concrete floor, and no hot water, not so different from the adapted bus he grew up in with his parents in Florida.
Within a few years, the clinic's work gained worldwide notice for bringing tuberculosis(肺结核) under control in the area. Today, Partners in Health operates 16 health institutions in Haiti, and employs a local staff of nearly 7,000. They also operate in 11 other countries, including Rwanda, where they partnered with the government to rebuild the nation's health system. Millions of people are served every year, most of whom live on less than a few dollars a day.
I'm honored to have worked closely with Paul. For 20 years, I watched him make a difference in the poorest places, even in the face of dysfunctional(失常的) politics and violence.
Paul's passing is a big loss to the world. But his voice still rings in our ears. All our lives are passing, but the purpose of living lasts: to lift others and enable them to live and work just as he did—with love, gratitude, and joy.
1.What can we know about the clinic?
A.It catches immediate worldwide attention.
B.It is located in Paul's hometown.
C.It is co⁃founded by Paul and the locals.
D.It treats patients and trains health workers.
2.Why does the author mention the figures in paragraph 4?
A.To advocate cross⁃border cooperation.
B.To indicate the difficulties Paul faces.
C.To raise public concern about global health.
D.To highlight Paul's contributions to global health.
3.Which of the following best describes Paul?
A.Careful and graceful.
B.Kind and influential.
C.Stubborn and sympathetic.
D.Aggressive and adventurous.
4.What does Paul's story teach us?
A.Well begun is half done.
B.To live in the moment counts.
C.Life is limited, yet kindness lasts.
D.Health matters more than wealth.

答案
[语篇解读] 文章主要讲述了全球卫生组织健康合作伙伴的联合创始人保罗为全球卫生事业做出的伟大贡献,并教会我们生命有限,但关爱他人却是永恒的。
1.D　2.D　3.B　4.C　
Passage 4 (2023届江苏南京中华中学大练)话题:跨文化包容
　　The COVID⁃19 pandemic has been a frequent topic of conversation for most of us over the past year. As we dreamt of indoor dining, vacations, and hugging our friends again, my friend Ana texted that her mother, living in Brazil, had been infected with the coronavirus. I won't go into details here, but the disruption to life in Brazil has been especially upsetting considering their social and cultural norms (规范).
Ana is Brazilian, and I'm from the US. While living in New York City, we became fast friends despite the few awkward cultural differences I learned to deal with. She was comfortable with intimacy; I preferred to keep my distance. She liked the company of many; I liked the friendship of few. It was awkward for me to lean in for a quick hug, only to be embraced then kissed on the cheeks. To this day, I'm not an excellent cheek kisser, but I try. She is one of many people over the years who have educated me, in a way, about delighting in cultural differences.
I called Ana to check on her mother and I was primarily curious about how social and cultural norms have been affected. It's difficult, said Ana, because the necessary health regulations are opposite to “what we believe and everything we know about living in a community and displaying feelings of love”, but she hasn't given up hope. I asked if the shifts made during the pandemic will change cultural norms. “Absolutely not,” said Ana. This is who Brazilians are in nature and change doesn't happen overnight. They spend a lot of time and energy investing in relationships, and the deeply rooted social conventions won't change quickly.
Over the years, Ana has shared many stories that emphasize the differences in our upbringing. I delight in our differences, even if kissing on the cheeks makes me uncomfortable. We find our commonalities, like talking with our hands, being expressive, and valuing community. And we learn from our differences. COVID⁃19 disrupted many things, but through all of this, Ana said, we must constantly be adjusting, understanding, and doing what's best for our communities and the people we love.
1.Which of the following words can best replace the underlined word in Paragraph 1?
A.Adjustment.　　　B.Disturbance.　　　C.Commitment.　　　D.Preference.
2.What can we learn about Ana from Paragraph 2?
A.She is good at educating other people.
B.She enjoys the close contact with others.
C.She prefers to stay alone in her own comfort zone.
D.It took a long time for her to make friends with me.
3.Why doesn't Ana think the pandemic will change social and cultural norms?
A.Because Brazilians are born to be sociable.
B.Because the social conventions are easy to change.
C.Because the health regulations consist with her beliefs.
D.Because Brazilians rarely value investment in relationships.
4.What would be the best title for the passage?
A.My Attitude towards Friendship
B.A Valuable Lesson in the Pandemic
C.The Influence of COVID⁃19 on Life
D.My Acceptance of Cultural Differences
答案
[语篇解读] 作者是一名美国人,在与巴西友人Ana的相处中,学会了求同存异,最后欣然接受了文化差异。
1.B　2.B　3.A　4.D　
Passage 5 (2023届湖南永州一中月考一)话题:积极的生活态度
　　Running is undoubtedly a healthy lifestyle, but it is difficult to stick to it. I still remember one 50⁃minute run in particular in the spring of 2018. I made a detailed plan at first and immediately began creating a long list of excuses as to why this was simply just not going to work, why I wasn't fit enough and why I would fail. I was afraid that I had no confidence in my plan. Before I even tied my shoes, I'd already convinced myself I couldn't do that.
How would it go? I had quit the workout mentally before I even started. Who knows how many times I stopped and restarted my watch? I spent an awfully long afternoon sitting by the road feeling sorry for myself. One bad workout would even upset me for days. I questioned my fitness gradually and cut more workouts short. And pretty soon, my fitness gradually came to a steady level or moved backward.
The problem I gradually realized was that I treated my entire training plan like a tempo run—hard, fast, strict. In a tempo run, if you don't hit your pace early, it's nearly impossible to catch up. Therefore, I realized I needed to treat my training like my favorite workout: the long run. I love ignoring my watch, settling into a relaxing pace, enjoying the route and focusing on only one goal—finishing. I love that I can have a bad mile in the middle and still end up strong.
Now, when I set a new goal and write a new training plan, I have what I call “the long⁃run mindset”. I find success and value in my training because I'm not eager for immediate results as before. Yes, there is still an important place for hard fast tempo runs, but I have shifted my attitude to thinking bigger than short⁃term outcomes and working towards lifelong success.
1.How did the author first feel about his running plan?
A.Positive.　　　B.Convinced.　　　C.Unsure.　　　D.Unafraid.
2.What can we infer about the author from paragraph 2?
A.He had a poor⁃quality watch.
B.He had a loser's mental state.
C.His health was improving rapidly.
D.His training plan was easy to follow.
3.How did the author manage to solve his problem?
A.By ignoring the finishing line.
B.By finding a tense workout pace.
C.By forgetting his previous achievements.
D.By treating the training in a different way.
4.What message does the author try to tell us?
A.Doing is better than saying.
B.Look before you leap.
C.A good plan makes a good ending.
D.It's an attitude of mind that counts.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章主要讲述了作者在练习跑步的过程中心态的变化对自己产生了积极的影响。
1.C　2.B　3.D　4.D　
Passage 6 (2022湖南长沙长郡中学一模)话题:积极的生活态度
　　When Amanda Lemay heard the story about a baker and her husband who were traveling around the United States in a van (厢式货车), learning from expert bakers, she wanted to do something similar. So she got rid of most of her possessions and made an old ambulance with her dad into a lovely home on wheels.
Lemay's ambulance is actually a former emergency response vehicle for the US Navy, built on a 2006 Ford E350 Cutaway. Renovations (改装) were mainly done by her and her dad. Now the dark blue vehicle has a lot of built⁃in cabinets on all sides, offering a lot of storage space, while the rooftop has 400⁃watt of solar power panels and a small roof deck where Lemay practices yoga. The inside is tastefully done to suit Lemay's work and hobbies. As Lemay mentions,not only did her father help, but also the rest of her family. Lemay's mother helped sew the decorations on the removable cushions, and her sister crafted the leather pulls.
Her current nomadic (流浪式的) lifestyle fits well with her work doing audiobooks, voice⁃overs, and publishing work. In the end, this unexpected path has Lemay rethinking what it means to be truly sustainable, now that van life has gotten her to become minutely aware of the water, electricity, and other daily resources that she uses. But all the day⁃to⁃day trouble is balanced with a greater sense of freedom.
“It's almost mind⁃blowing. It feels like a completely different life because I'm doing the work online, and I can do things on my own schedule. Most of my days are mine—so by living in the van, I can be where I want to be, and do the things I want to do, and spend time outside.”
1.What inspired Amanda to make a change?
A.A couple's traveling experience.
B.Some expert bakers' suggestions.
C.Her own awful living conditions.
D.Her parents' continuous persuasion.
2.What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A.The history of the van.
B.The talents of Amanda's parents.
C.The renovations of the vehicle.
D.The attitudes of Amanda's parents.
3.Which of the following may best describe Amanda?
A.Selfless and kind⁃hearted.
B.Independent and determined.
C.Decisive and adventurous.
D.Playful and romantic.
4.What can we infer from the passage?
A.Amanda is completely free from any worries.
B.Amanda fully values her sense of freedom.
C.Amanda will return to her previous life soon.
D.Amanda will invite her family members to join her.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章主要讲述了主人公Amanda Lemay听说一个面包师和她的丈夫开着厢式货车周游美国的故事后,把一辆旧的救护车改造为房车,一边驱车旅行,一边工作。
1.A　2.C　3.C　4.B　
Passage 7 (2022河北衡水中学一模)话题:正确的人生态度
　　In 2010, my mother⁃in⁃law gave me her rather simple but graceful, antique “secretary desk”. The desk easily fit into the tiny room at the top of the stairs. I felt so secure, and confident when I sat down and began each writing session. Despite the desk's appeal, its limited storage capacity meant that I often put file folders and books on the small floor space around me. After each writing session, I painstakingly gathered the tools of the trade and placed them on a nearby shelf until the next session.
A few years into my writing journey, we moved into a bigger home and I acquired my own office. My husband, Bill offered on more than one occasion to buy me a new desk for my office, but I ignored his offer.
One day, we stopped at the local office supply store. Bill found what he thought was the perfect desk for me. “I want to buy this for you, sweetie. My writer needs a bigger desk.” He hugged me.
“Thanks, but I don't want a bigger desk!” I said.
“Why don't you want a bigger desk?” he said. “You must be afraid of something.”
“I'm not afraid of anything,” I said. “Like I said, I really like my little desk. So don't ask me again.”
He didn't.
A few weeks later, while working in my new office, I looked around at the folders, books and papers lying all over my office floor, but couldn't find what needed to meet a contest deadline. My heart raced. I looked around my office. The room basically swallowed the tiny desk, making it look slightly out of place. Maybe I did need a bigger desk. Was Bill right? Was I afraid of something?
Unable to write, I pulled C. JoyBell C.'s book of poetry, All Things Dance like Dragonflies(蜻蜓), from the bookshelf. I flipped through its pages, and her words about faith jumped off the page into my heart. She talked about how she had trained herself to love the feeling of not knowing where she was going, and just trusting that as she opened up her wings and flew off in an unknown direction, things would work out.
At that moment, I recognized that a bigger desk symbolized bigger possibilities, stepping out in faith, and leaving my comfort zone.
1.What was the limitation of the “secretary desk”?
A.It was too old to be functional.
B.It competed with the shelf for room.
C.It prevented the author focusing on writing.
D.It was a bit small in size.
2.When did the author want to buy a new desk?
A.After she was stuck in a mess.
B.When she finished writing a book.
C.When she moved into a bigger house.
D.After she missed an important contest.
3.What was the author afraid of before?
A.Unemployment. B.Loss of inspiration.
C.Uncertainty. D.Lack of trust.
4.What would be the best title of the passage?
A.My Writing Journey
B.On the Wings of Change
C.My Lifelong Faith
D.On the Desk of Fate
答案
[语篇解读] 文章主要讲述的是作者之前一直用婆婆送给她的小写字桌写作,搬进新房子后,作者有了自己的办公室,但由于不想改变,害怕未知的事情,作者不愿换掉小写字桌,直到有一天陷入杂乱的办公环境后,作者明白了要做出改变,走出舒适区。
1.D　2.A　3.C　4.B　
Passage 8 (2022湖南长沙雅礼中学二模)话题:小说
　　The literary world has a new star. Novelist Abdulrazak Gurnah is the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 2021 in recognition of his “compassionate penetration(渗透) of the effects of colonialism(殖民主义) and the fate of the refugee(难民).”
Gurnah grew up in Zanzibar, an island off the coast of Tanzania. In 1964, Gurnah was forced to leave for England as a refugee, where he began to reflect on his experiences in a diary and then through stories. Through the years, he wrote 10 novels and stories that explore the suffering caused by war and colonialism. “The thing that motivated my whole experience of writing was this idea of losing your place in the world,” Gurnah told The New York Times.
His 1994 novel Paradise, which tells the story of a boy growing up in early 20th century Tanzania, marked his breakthrough as a novelist and was nominated the Booker Prize. Afterlives, his most recent work, continues the narrative of Paradise and takes place during the period of German colonialism in Tanzania.
Before he retired, Gurnah was a professor of English and Postcolonial Literatures at the University of Kent in England. Although Gurnah's first language is Swahili, he adopted English as his literary language. His writing often contains traces of Arabic, Swahili and German, as well.
Anders Olsson, the chair of the Nobel committee, said that Gurnah “is widely recognized as one of the world's most pre⁃eminent postcolonial writers.”
Ethiopian⁃American novelist Maaza Mengiste described Gurnah's writings as being “like a gentle blade (刀刃) slowly moving in.” “He has written works that are absolutely unfearing and yet at the same time completely compassionate and full of heart for people of East Africa,” Mengiste said. “He is writing stories that are often quiet stories of people who aren't heard, but there's an insistence there that we listen.”
1.What are Gurnah's works mainly about?
A.The life of the people in Tanzania.
B.Effects of war and colonialism.
C.Experiences of living abroad.
D.Growth in an underdeveloped nation.
2.What do we know about Gurnah?
A.He was inspired to write by his refugee experience.
B.He used to be a professor of law and literature.
C.He publishes his works in Arabic and Swahili.
D.He was not well⁃known until he won the Nobel Prize.
3.What does the underlined word “pre⁃eminent” in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A.Awful.　　　B.Outstanding.　　　C.Potential.　　　D.Productive.
4.What does Maaza Mengiste think of Gurnah's writing?
A.It is elegantly written in his native language.
B.It is widely welcomed by people around the world.
C.It is powerful and employs sharp language.
D.It calls for attention to the life of the underclass.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章主要讲述了2021年诺贝尔文学奖获得者——小说家Abdulrazak Gurnah的作品内容、写作背景及别人对他和他的作品的评价。
1.B　2.A　3.B　4.D　
Passage 9 (2022山东济宁一模)话题:生命的意义
　　On January 20, 2022, the British⁃Belgian 19⁃year⁃old, Zara Rutherford, successfully landed her two⁃seat microlight aircraft back at the Kortrijk⁃Wevelgem International Airport, from where she had departed 155 days ago, fulfilling her dream to be the youngest woman to fly around the world solo.
“I feel excited not only to break Guinness World Records, but also to diminish the gender gap by 11 years between the current youngest male record holder Travis Ludlow 18 at the time of his record, and the previous female record holder Shaesta Waiz, who was 30 when she completed her ‘Dreams Soar’ around⁃the⁃world flight,” Rutherford wrote on her blog.
Rutherford's journey crossing five continents and 52 countries began on August 18, 2021. She encountered numerous unexpected delays along the way. They included an unscheduled stop in Redding, California due to wildfires and a month⁃long stop in Nome, Alaska, to renew her Russian visa. She also faced several challenges in the air. When flying from Iceland to Greenland, Rutherford lost radio contact with her ground team for much of the 3⁃hour flight. The incidents also resulted in her having to cross over Russia in sub⁃zero temperatures. The hardest part was flying over Siberia—it was extremely cold and if the engine broke down, she'd be hours away from rescue. Despite the severe difficulties, the determined young pilot never gave up on her dream.
Rutherford grew up around airplanes. Her British father flies commercially, while her Belgian mother is a recreational pilot. The young girl began learning how to fly at age 14 and obtained her aviator's(飞行员)license in 2020. With her goal of flying around the world accomplished, Rutherford now has her sights set even higher. She wants to become an astronaut and explore space.
She hopes that her journey will encourage more young women to pursue careers in aviation. Currently the number of female pilots is just 5 percent. Rutherford says, “It's an easy thing to say, but just go for it. If you don't try and see how high you can fly, then you'll never know.”
1.What does the underlined word “diminish” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A.Narrow.　　　B.Divide.　　　C.Fill.　　　D.Cause.
2.Why did Rutherford have to stop in Nome?
A.The wildfires were too fierce.
B.Her Russian visa was due.
C.The weather was too severe.
D.Her engine broke down.
3.What's the purpose of paragraph 4?
A.To switch to a new topic.
B.To summarize her achievements.
C.To illustrate her admirable talents.
D.To add some background information.
4.What does the passage try to convey?
A.Life is not all roses.
B.Dream big, aim high.
C.Not to advance is to go back.
D.The greatest talkers, the least doers.
答案
[语篇解读] 19岁的Zara Rutherford实现了她成为最年轻的单人环球飞行女性的梦想。故事激励人们设定更高的目标,努力实现更大的梦想。
1.A　2.B　3.D　4.B　
Passage 10 (2022山东潍坊模拟)话题:对社会有突出贡献的人
　　Thirty⁃five years ago, with just one acre of land, a couple of seeds and a bucket of hope, one Nigerian⁃born scientist began his mission to defeat famine(饥荒) on his continent.
News of the drought across Africa in the early 1980s troubled Nzamujo. Equipped with a microbiology PhD and his faith, he travelled back to Africa. There, he found a continent ecologically rich, diverse and capable of producing food. He believes drought wasn't the only reason for widespread hunger, and that sustainability had been left out.
Nzamujo began designing a “zero waste” agriculture system that would not only increase food security, but also help the environment and create jobs. In 1985, he started his sustainable farm “Songhai” in the West African country of Benin.
Nzamujo lives on the farm and constantly updates his techniques. He credits his degrees in science and engineering for Songhai's success. But he also thanks his spiritual and cultural roots, and his father—a driving force in his life who encouraged him to pursue his studies to the highest degree and to use Songhai to share his knowledge.
Songhai has several “eco⁃literacy” development programs. They range from 18⁃month training courses for farmer⁃enterprisers, to shorter stays to learn techniques like weeding. People come from all over the world to study Nzamujo's methods.
After seeing success of his first zero waste farm, he expanded throughout Benin and western Africa. Today, the Songhai model is applied across the continent, including Nigeria, Uganda, Sierra Leone and Liberia. Nzamujo says they've trained more than 7,000 farmer⁃enterprisers and more than 30,000 people in total since it began.
Nzamujo believes zero waste agriculture is now steadily tackling the issues he set out to defeat—hunger, unemployment and environmental declines. And he wants to see it go further.
1.Which factor related to famine was unnoticed in Nzamujo's eyes?
A.Poor soil. B.Water shortage.
C.Lack of resources. D.Unsustainability.
2.What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3?
A.Introduce a solution.
B.Give examples to the readers.
C.Add some background information.
D.Summarize the previous paragraphs.
3.How does Songhai help to ease the problem of famine?
A.By offering land. B.By trading seeds.
C.By educating farmers. D.By selling technology.
4.Which of the following best describes Nzamujo?
A.Critical and careful.
B.Learned and responsible.
C.Optimistic and generous.
D.Considerate and ambitious.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章讲述了学识渊博且有责任心的Nzamujo博士回到非洲,为了缓解非洲人们的饥荒,设计了“零浪费”农业系统,创办了Songhai农场。
1.D　2.A　3.C　4.B　
Passage 11 (2022广东广州二模)话题:创新意识
　　Andrew Bastawrous was 12 when he found out he could barely see. He was then socially awkward, failing at school and terrible at ball games.
Glasses turned his life around, yet even as a child he was aware of how lucky he was. Bastawrous grew up in the UK, but his family would visit poor parts of Egypt, where his parents were from. “Nobody there wore glasses, but I knew some people needed them,” he says. “It felt incredibly unfair. At 16, I decided I wasn't going to feel guilty about it any more.” He determined there and then to become an eye surgeon, and he did.
In 2012, he and his wife moved with their one⁃year⁃old son to a small town 5 hours' drive from Nairobi. They had limited electricity and running water. For 18 months, every time Bastawrous and his team set up their “mobile” eye clinic in yet another new location, they had to drag heavy, fragile hospital equipment cross⁃country. There was another problem, as one local doctor described, “We don't even have enough doctors and now you also want eye surgeons? That's probably a pipe dream.”
All this convinced Bastawrous that something fundamental was needed. So he started exploring ways to replace his clinic with a single, convenient device: a smartphone. He co⁃developed an app⁃based visual test that gathers as much information as the classic one, using similar principles. The critical difference is that almost everyone can carry it out after just a few minutes of training. Bastawrous co⁃founded a charitable company to develop and apply the technology more widely. His team also developed technologies that enabled a smartphone camera to take hospital⁃grade images of the back of the eye.
That's a pretty good start, but Bastawrous has his sights set sky⁃high. “I feel we're at a tipping point now where this enormous problem will become a historical thing. That's when I'll sleep easy,” he says.
1.What drove Bastawrous to become an eye surgeon?
A.His personal misfortune.
B.His burning sense of injustice.
C.His ambition to turn his life around.
D.His guilt about leaving his home country.
2.What can we infer about Bastawrous's first 18 months in Africa?
A.It's hard and problematic.
B.It's challenging but fruitful.
C.It's adventurous and unrealistic.
D.It's fundamental but innovative.
3.Bastawrous's innovation can be described as 　　　. 
A.cheap and convenient treatments for patients
B.a virtual and complete change from a classic test
C.a smart and popularised application of technology
D.fast and effective trainings of medical professionals
4.What do Bastawrous's words in the last paragraph show?
A.His modest attitude to his past achievements.
B.His optimistic views on the cure for blindness.
C.His strong belief in the effects of future technology.
D.His firm determination to carry on his challenging career.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章讲述了Andrew Bastawrous为诊治非洲近视人群做出的努力。
1.B　2.A　3.C　4.D　

Passage 12 (2022广东汕头二模)话题:生命的意义与价值
　　My philosophy professor was a typical eccentric philosopher, whose behavior was somewhat strange. His disheveled(蓬乱的)appearance was highlighted by a well⁃worn tweed(粗花呢)sport coat and poor⁃fitting thick glasses, which often rested on the tip of his nose. Every now and then, as most philosophy professors do, he would probe into one of those existential “what's the meaning of life” discussions. Many of those discussions went nowhere, but there were a few that really hit home. This was one of them:
“Respond to the following questions by a show of hands,” my professor instructed.
“How many of you can tell me something about your parents?” Everyone's hand went up.
“How many of you can tell me something about your grandparents?” About three⁃fourths of the class raised their hands.
“How many of you can tell me something about your great⁃grandparents?” Two out of sixty students raised their hands.
“Look around the room,” he said. “In just two short generations, hardly any of us even know who our own great⁃grandparents were. Oh sure, maybe we have an old photograph tucked(收藏)away in a musty cigar box or know the classic family story about how one of them walked five miles to school barefoot. But how many of us really know who they were, what they thought, what they were proud of, what they were afraid of, or what they dreamed about? Think about that. Within three generations, our ancestors are all but forgotten. Will this happen to you?”
“Here's a better question. Look ahead three generations. You are long gone. Instead of you sitting in this room, now it's your great⁃grandchildren. What will they have to say about you? Will they know about you? Or will you be forgotten, too?”
“Is your life going to be a warning or an example? What legacy will you leave? The choice is yours. Class is dismissed.”
Nobody rose from their seats for a good five minutes.
1.Which of the following can best describe the professor?
A.Untidy but considerate.
B.Odd but thoughtful.
C.Fashionable and helpful.
D.Neat and responsible.
2.Why does the professor mention “photograph” and “family story” in Paragraph 6?
A.To share his own interesting stories.
B.To suggest new ways to know the ancestors.
C.To prove they are good ways to know the ancestors.
D.To show people's understanding of the ancestors are shallow.
3.What can we know about this philosophy class?
A.It aroused the students' thinking about life.
B.It went nowhere like the previous ones.
C.The professor was unsatisfied with the students' answers.
D.The professor offered the students his answers to the questions.
4.What is the best title of the passage?
A.Our philosophy professor
B.A lesson about the legacy
C.Our memorable ancestors
D.A gap among three generations
答案
[语篇解读] 作者回忆了一堂有意义的哲学课。
1.B　2.D　3.A　4.B　
Passage 13 (2022河北石家庄质检)话题:公益事业
　　Bob Shahmardi was 4 years old when he developed a severe disease. Cure rates of the disease were relatively low at that time, but his family was lucky to live in a community that was helpful when they didn't have many resources and it was at that time that Make⁃A⁃Wish stepped in. Through that organization, the Shahmardi family got to enjoy a trip to Walt Disney World Resort in Florida. The then 4⁃year⁃old hugged a character actor as part of a wish granted to him and his family by the organization. “It wasn't just going on a trip. It was more about how we got through that hard time. It was fun for me, but it was the lifeline for my parents,” said Bob.
30 years later, Bob and his wife, Jill Welch, decided to turn their wedding into a fundraiser for the Make⁃A⁃Wish Foundation. Their wedding guests financed two wishes of local children, more being planned. Many donated generously to the cause, spending more, perhaps, than they might have if it was just to buy the couple a wedding gift like fine china or a kitchen appliance. Bob said their wedding donation to the Make⁃A⁃Wish Foundation isn't going to be “one and done”. The two plan on continuing to contribute going forward.  
Gloria Crockett, president and chief executive officer of the organization, said she felt it amazing to have someone who benefited come back to pay it forward to other kids looking for wishes.
Contrary to popular belief, Gloria stressed that wishes aren't given to critically ill children as a “last wish”, but are given as a part of the treatment process. The organization granted at least 165 wishes last year. This year Gloria hopes to grant somewhere between 199 and 299 wishes, depending on funding.
1.Which of the following helped Bob realize his wish?
A.The hospital.　　　B.Make⁃A⁃Wish.　　　C.The community.　　　D.Disney World.
2.What made Bob's wedding special?
A.Collecting money for local kids.
B.Receiving expensive gifts.
C.The attendance of officials.
D.The number of the guests.
3.What does the underlined part “one and done” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A.Once⁃only.　　　B.Non⁃stop.　　　C.Sizable.　　　D.Personal.
4.What did Gloria think of the wish given to Bob?
A.It was a fun experience.
B.It was a lifeline.
C.It was a certain treatment.
D.It was a last wish.

答案
[语篇解读] 文章讲述了曾接受过“Make⁃A⁃Wish”组织帮助的Bob通过婚礼为该组织筹集资金,用来帮助更多身患重病的孩子实现愿望的故事。
1.B　2.A　3.A　4.C　
Passage 14 (2022江苏南京、盐城二模)话题:健康的生活方式
　　When my dad was first diagnosed with cancer and had radiation, I pushed my folks to start eating more fresh produce and preferably organic vegetables. My mom really improved her cooking from the roasted slice of pork and frozen⁃veggies dinners that I had fallen in love with. Dad said he had never eaten so well.
My dad had been an IBM guy, who often said “people never change,” but he became skilled in overall treatments and began to take well⁃informed control of his own course of action. I wasn't thinking too much of his changes, but he had survived cancer for over 10 years, constantly learning, running his charity golf events, doing a bit of travel, and always looking pleasant and smiling.
My dad and I decorated a farmhouse in 2012, and I started taking care of the orchard, shaping rows of crops and a herb garden, and learning to care for four red hens. Bringing farm⁃fresh food to my folks was a way I could contribute to Dad's health as well as his enjoyment of life, take a little work off my mom's hands, and sit and chat about something other than cancer.
The idea for this business came from what we learned about the role of food in health. My dad's doctor told him that eating fresh produce could help resist cancer. Dad helped me set up the farm and worked till just a few days before he passed away. But all of what I do here is based on experience, research, and strong values.
We learned more than I ever wanted to know. But the goals of this farm developed as we learned, and here we have it: Produce with a purpose—fresh produce, grown for disease⁃fighting and preventive health value, delivered with easy but crazy—delicious recipes as well as support, encouragement, overall thinking and even a bit of humor.
1.What was the author's favorite food in the past?
A.Organic food.
B.Fresh vegetables.
C.Barbecued meat.
D.Fast food.
2.What did the author think of his dad?
A.He was a stubborn senior.
B.He was crazy about adventures.
C.He was indifferent to his disease.
D.He was positive about challenges.
3.What inspired the author and his dad to start the farm?
A.The pressure of his mother.
B.The suggestions of a doctor.
C.The deadly cancer of his dad.
D.The great harvest on the farm.
4.What is the text mainly about?
A.A farm with a purpose.
B.A dream of my family.
C.The cancer of my father.
D.The value of fresh produce.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章讲述了因为父亲身患癌症,作者一家为其挑选新鲜食材,采用健康的烹饪方式,甚至兴建了农场提供新鲜食材,延长了父亲的寿命。
1.C　2.D　3.B　4.A　

语篇类型3·说明文
5年高考
A组　新高考卷题组
Passage 1 (2022新高考Ⅰ, C)话题:公益事业
　　The elderly residents in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a local charity to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people's wellbeing. It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.
Among those taking part in the project is 80⁃year⁃old Ruth Xavier. She said:“I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school.
“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there again at night to see they've gone to bed.
“It's good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I'm enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.”
There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said:“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.” 
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said:“We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
1.What is the purpose of the project?
A.To ensure harmony in care homes.
B.To provide part⁃time jobs for the aged.
C.To raise money for medical research.
D.To promote the elderly people's welfare.
2.How has the project affected Ruth Xavier?
A.She has learned new life skills.
B.She has gained a sense of achievement.
C.She has recovered her memory.
D.She has developed a strong personality.
3.What do the underlined words“embark on” mean in paragraph 7?
A.Improve.　　　B.Oppose.　　　C.Begin.　　　D.Evaluate.
4.What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs?
A.It is well received.
B.It needs to be more creative.
C.It is highly profitable.
D.It takes ages to see the results.
答案
[语篇解读] 伦敦的养老院通过让老人养鸡使他们不再感到孤独。
1.D　2.B　3.C　4.A　
Passage 2 (2022新高考Ⅰ, D)话题:语言发展的规律
　　Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others?A ground⁃breaking, five⁃year study shows that diet⁃related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world's languages.
More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f”and“v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Dami?n Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned(对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip(嘴唇)to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure, making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn't have to do as much work and so didn't grow to be so large.
　　Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter⁃gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved(进化) around 300,000 years ago. “The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.
1.Which aspect of the human speech sound does Dami?n Blasi's research focus on?
A.Its variety.
B.Its distribution.
C.Its quantity.
D.Its development.
2.Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals?
A.They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B.They could not open and close their lips easily.
C.Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D.Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
3.What is paragraph 5 mainly about?
A.Supporting evidence for the research results.
B.Potential application of the research findings.
C.A further explanation of the research methods.
D.A reasonable doubt about the research process.
4.What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?
A.It is key to effective communication.
B.It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C.It is a complex and dynamic system.
D.It drives the evolution of human beings.
答案
[语篇解读] 一项研究表明,与饮食相关的人类咬合方式的变化导致了新的语音的出现。
1.D　2.C　3.A　4.C　
Passage 3 (2022新高考Ⅱ, C)话题:社会热点问题
　　Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.
Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply.
That is partly because people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, said distracted(分心) driving was “only increasing, unfortunately.”
“Big change requires big ideas,” he said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need to improve road safety. So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer. It would work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands⁃free driving laws.
“We need something on the books that can change people's behavior,” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for the state's 2001 ban on hand⁃held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, “people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone.”
1.Which of the following best describes the ban on drivers' texting in the US?
A.Ineffective. B.Unnecessary.
C.Inconsistent. D.Unfair.
2.What can the Textalyzer help a police officer find out?
A.Where a driver came from.
B.Whether a driver used their phone.
C.How fast a driver was going.
D.When a driver arrived at the scene.
3.What does the underlined word “something” in the last paragraph refer to?
A.Advice.　　　B.Data.　　　C.Tests.　　　D.Laws.
4.What is a suitable title for the text?
A.To Drive or Not to Drive?Think Before You Start
B.Texting and Driving?Watch Out for the Textalyzer
C.New York Banning Hand⁃Held Devices by Drivers
D.The Next Generation Cell Phone:The Textalyzer
答案
[语篇解读] 为了减少急剧增加的交通事故,纽约试图通过引入文本分析仪(Textalyzer)来制止司机在驾车时使用手机。
1.A　2.B　3.D　4.B　
Passage 4 (2022新高考Ⅱ, D)话题:健康的生活方式
　　As we age, even if we're healthy, the heart just isn't as efficient in processing oxygen as it used to be. In most people the first signs show up in their 50s or early 60s. And among people who don't exercise, the changes can start even sooner.
“Think of a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken,” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University of Texas. That's what happens to the heart. Fortunately for those in midlife, Levine is finding that even if you haven't been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart.
Levine and his research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64 who did not exercise much but were otherwise healthy. Participants were randomly divided into two groups. The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic(无氧) exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The second group did high⁃intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. After two years, the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.
“We took these 50⁃year⁃old hearts and turned the clock back to 30⁃ or 35⁃year⁃old hearts,” says Levine. “And the reason they got so much stronger and fitter was that their hearts could now fill a lot better and pump(泵送) a lot more blood during exercise.” But the hearts of those who participated in less intense exercise didn't change, he says.
“The sweet spot in life to start exercising, if you haven't already, is in late middle age when the heart still has flexibility,” Levine says. “We put healthy 70⁃year⁃olds through a yearlong exercise training program, and nothing happened to them at all.”
Dr. Nieca Goldberg, a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association, says Levine's findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.
1.What does Levine want to explain by mentioning the rubber band?
A.The right way of exercising.
B.The causes of a heart attack.
C.The difficulty of keeping fit.
D.The aging process of the heart.
2.In which aspect were the two groups different in terms of research design?
A.Diet plan.
B.Professional background.
C.Exercise type.
D.Previous physical condition.

3.What does Levine's research find?
A.Middle⁃aged hearts get younger with aerobic exercise.
B.High⁃intensity exercise is more suitable for the young.
C.It is never too late for people to start taking exercise.
D.The more exercise we do, the stronger our hearts get.
4.What does Dr. Nieca Goldberg suggest?
A.Making use of the findings.
B.Interviewing the study participants.
C.Conducting further research.
D.Clarifying the purpose of the study.
答案
[语篇解读] 研究发现锻炼有助于延缓心脏衰老。
1.D　2.C　3.A　4.C　
Passage 5 (2021新高考Ⅰ, C)话题:人与动物
　　When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl(水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever⁃increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (栖息地).
In 1934,with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory(迁徙的)waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, Iowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System—a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
1.What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America?
A.Loss of wetlands.
B.Popularity of water sports.
C.Pollution of rivers.
D.Arrival of other wild animals.
2.What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A.Acquire.　　　B.Export.　　　C.Destroy.　　　D.Distribute.
3.What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934?
A.The stamp price has gone down.
B.The migratory birds have flown away.
C.The hunters have stopped hunting.
D.The government has collected money.
4.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A.The Federal Duck Stamp Story
B.The National Wildlife Refuge System
C.The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl
D.The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
答案
[语篇解读] 文章介绍了美国联邦政府发布的《候鸟狩猎印花税法案》的背景及效果。
1.A　2.C　3.D　4.A　

Passage 6 (2021新高考Ⅱ, D)话题:科技发展
　　An Australian professor is developing a robot to monitor the health of grazing cattle, a development that could bring big changes to a profession that's relied largely on a low⁃tech approach for decades but is facing a labor shortage.
Salah Sukkarieh, a professor at the University of Sydney, sees robots as necessary given how cattlemen are aging. He is building a four⁃wheeled robot that will run on solar and electric power. It will use cameras and sensors to monitor the animals. A computer system will analyze the video to determine whether a cow is sick. Radio tags (标签) on the animals will measure temperature changes. The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape, color and texture (质地) of grass. That way, cattlemen will know whether they need to move their cattle to another field for nutrition purposes.
Machines have largely taken over planting, watering and harvesting crops such as corn and wheat, but the monitoring of cattle has gone through fewer changes.
For Texas cattleman Pete Bonds, it's increasingly difficult to find workers interested in watching cattle. But Bonds doesn't believe a robot is right for the job. Years of experience in the industry—and failed attempts to use technology—have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse. Bonds, who bought his first cattle almost 50 years ago, still has each of his cowboys inspect 300 or 400 cattle daily and look for signs that an animal is getting sick.
Other cattlemen see more promise in robots.Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president of the Oklahoma Cattlemen's Association, said a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft. Cattle tend to be kept in remote places and their value has risen, making them appealing targets.
1.What is a problem with the cattle⁃raising industry?
A.Soil pollution. B.Lack of workers.
C.Aging machines. D.Low profitability.
2.What will Sukkarieh's robot be able to do?
A.Monitor the quality of grass.
B.Cure the diseased cattle.
C.Move cattle to another field.
D.Predict weather changes.
3.Why does Pete Bonds still hire cowboys to watch cattle?
A.He wants to help them earn a living.
B.He thinks men can do the job better.
C.He is inexperienced in using robots.
D.He enjoys the traditional way of life.
4.How may robots help with cattle watching according to Michael Kelsey?
A.Increase the value of cattle.
B.Bring down the cost of labor.
C.Make the job more appealing.
D.Keep cattle from being stolen.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章主要介绍了一种用于监测放牧牛健康状况的机器人。
1.B　2.A　3.B　4.D　
Passage 7 (2020新高考Ⅰ, C)话题:跨文化包容
　　In the mid⁃1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea:Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way:Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24⁃year⁃old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.
This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral (葬礼) followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well⁃rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
1.What made Mr Bissell return to Uzbekistan?
A.His friends' invitation. B.His interest in the country.
C.His love for teaching. D.His desire to regain health.
2.What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A.Developing a serious mental disease.
B.Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.
C.Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.
D.Writing an article about the Aral Sea.
3.Which of the following best describes Mr Bissell's road trip in Uzbekistan?
A.Romantic. B.Eventful.
C.Pleasant. D.Dangerous.
4.What is the purpose of this text?
A.To introduce a book.
B.To explain a cultural phenomenon.
C.To remember a writer.
D.To recommend a travel destination.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文介绍了Tom Bissell创作《追逐大海》一书的动机、书的内容以及对书的评价。
1.B　2.D　3.B　4.A　
Passage 8 (2020新高考Ⅰ, D)话题:健康的生活方式
　　According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions (份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.
To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly (表面上) participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.
Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.
For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test:the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.
The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I'll have what she's having” effect. However, we'll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?
1.What is the recent study mainly about?
A.Food safety. B.Movie viewership.
C.Consumer demand. D.Eating behavior.
2.What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A.Big eaters.
B.Overweight persons.
C.Picky eaters.
D.Tall thin persons.
3.Why did the researchers hire the actor?
A.To see how she would affect the participants.
B.To test if the participants could recognize her.
C.To find out what she would do in the two tests.
D.To study why she could keep her weight down.
4.On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph?
A.How hungry we are.
B.How slim we want to be.
C.How we perceive others.
D.How we feel about the food.
答案
[语篇解读] 到底和胖人一块用餐吃得多还是和瘦人一块用餐吃得多呢?
1.D　2.D　3.A　4.C　
Passage 9 (2020新高考Ⅱ, D)话题:自然环境
　　Rainforests are home to a rich variety of medicinal plants, food, birds and animals. Can you believe that a single bush(灌木丛)in the Amazon may have more species of ants than the whole of Britain! About 480 varieties of trees may be found in just one hectare of rainforest.
Rainforests are the lungs of the planet—storing vast quantities of carbon dioxide and producing a significant amount of the world's oxygen. Rainforests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own survival; the tall trees make a canopy(树冠层)of branches and leaves which protect themselves, smaller plants, and the forest animals from heavy rain, intense dry heat from the sun and strong winds.
Amazingly, the trees grow in such a way that their leaves and branches, although close together, never actually touch those of another tree. Scientists think this is the plants' way to prevent the spread of any tree diseases and make life more difficult for leaf⁃eating insects like caterpillars. To survive in the forest, animals must climb, jump or fly across the gaps. The ground floor of the forest is not all tangled leaves and bushes, like in films, but is actually fairly clear. It is where dead leaves turn into food for the trees and other forest life.
They are not called rainforests for nothing! Rainforests can generate 75% of their own rain. At least 80 inches of rain a year is normal—and in some areas there may be as much as 430 inches of rain annually. This is real rain—your umbrella may protect you in a shower, but it won't keep you dry if there is a full rainstorm. In just two hours, streams can rise ten to twenty feet. The humidity(湿气)of large rainforests contributes to the formation of rainclouds that may travel to other countries in need of rain.
1.What can we learn about rainforests from the first paragraph?
A.They produce oxygen.
B.They cover a vast area.
C.They are well managed.
D.They are rich in wildlife.
2.Which of the following contributes most to the survival of rainforests?
A.Heavy rains. B.Big trees.
C.Small plants. D.Forest animals.
3.Why do the leaves and branches of different trees avoid touching each other?
A.For more sunlight.
B.For more growing space.
C.For self⁃protection.
D.For the detection of insects.
4.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Life⁃Giving Rainforests
B.The Law of the Jungle
C.Animals in the Amazon
D.Weather in Rainforests
答案
[语篇解读] 文章主要介绍了热带雨林。
1.D　2.B　3.C　4.A　
B组　全国卷、自主命题卷题组
Passage 1 (2022全国甲, B)话题:人与动物
　　Goffin's cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape⁃recognition abilities to a human two⁃year⁃old. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut.
In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical(对称的) shapes. This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”. In the experiment, Goffin's cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition alone. Where trial⁃and⁃error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Goffin's cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to two⁃year⁃old babies.
The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues(线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
1.How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment?
A.By following instructions.
B.By using a tool.
C.By turning the box around.
D.By removing the lid.
2.Which task can human one⁃year⁃olds most likely complete according to the text?
A.Using a key to unlock a door.
B.Telling parrots from other birds.
C.Putting a ball into a round hole.
D.Grouping toys of different shapes.
3.What does the follow⁃up test aim to find out about the cockatoos?
A.How far they are able to see.
B.How they track moving objects.
C.Whether they are smarter than monkeys.
D.Whether they use a sense of touch in the test.
4.Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Cockatoos:Quick Error Checkers
B.Cockatoos:Independent Learners
C.Cockatoos:Clever Signal⁃Readers
D.Cockatoos:Skilful Shape⁃Sorters
答案
[语篇解读] 原产于澳大拉西亚的戈芬氏凤头鹦鹉是动物中技术高超的形状分类专家。
1.B　2.C　3.D　4.D　
Passage 2 (2022全国乙, C)话题:科技发展
　　Can a small group of drones(无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today's “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high⁃tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on⁃time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效) across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews' efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher⁃value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don't need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co⁃pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast⁃moving trains would be able to react in time.
1.What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?
A.The use of drones in checking on power lines.
B.Drones' ability to work at high altitudes.
C.The reduction of cost in designing drones.
D.Drones' reliable performance in remote areas.
2.What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?
A.Personnel safety.
B.Assistance from drones.
C.Inspection and repair.
D.Construction of infrastructure.
3.What function is expected of the rail drones?
A.To provide early warning.
B.To make trains run automatically.
C.To earn profits for the crews.
D.To accelerate transportation.
4.Which is the most suitable title for the text?
A.What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B.How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C.What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
D.How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways


答案
[语篇解读] 一种可能很快就能应用的铁路无人机可以保障铁路安全并能大量节省铁路维护费用。
1.A　2.C　3.A　4.D　
Passage 3 (2022全国乙, D)话题:社会热点问题
　　The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.
First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity(肥胖). It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
Initially the sugar tax was expected to make ￡520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate ￡240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.
It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers(制造商) so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.
However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk⁃based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities(设施) and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.

1.Why was the sugar tax introduced?
A.To collect money for schools.
B.To improve the quality of drinks.
C.To protect children's health.
D.To encourage research in education.
2.How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax?
A.They turned to overseas markets.
B.They raised the prices of their products.
C.They cut down on their production.
D.They reduced their products' sugar content.
3.From which of the following is the sugar tax collected?
A.Most alcoholic drinks.
B.Milk⁃based drinks.
C.Fruit juices.
D.Classic Coke.
4.What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy?
A.It is a short⁃sighted decision.
B.It is a success story.
C.It benefits manufacturers.
D.It upsets customers.
答案
[语篇解读] 造成孩子肥胖的软饮料被征收糖税,该税款带来了好处,但相关企业对该税有不同反应。
1.C　2.D　3.D　4.B　
Passage 4 (2022浙江6月, B)话题:健康的生活方式
　　All around the world, there are small changes taking place. At the side of roads, behind school playgrounds and on all kinds of unloved pieces of land across towns and cities, tiny forests barely the size of tennis courts are appearing, making a great place for both wildlife and local people who may not normally have easy access to nature. This is the Tiny Forest movement, which aims to prove that the best things in life really do come in small packages.
Tiny forests were first pioneered as a concept in the 1970s by Dr Miyawaki, a Japanese botanist. As he went on to share his concept with others, the idea soon took off in India and other countries before eventually reaching Europe, where it became popular in places like France, Belgium and the Netherlands.
So how does it work? Louise Hartley, who is leading the Tiny Forest project in the UK, explains that the process begins by identifying areas in which a tiny forest could have the biggest influence. “We focus on urban areas where access to nature is often not that easy,” says Hartley. “We see it as a chance to try to break the growing disconnect between people and nature.”
In a Tiny Forest, there must be a minimum of 600 trees, and the trees are planted much closer together and without chemicals or fertilisers(肥料). There are usually around 30 different kinds of all⁃native tree species(物种). This variety, coupled with the fact that tiny forests grow up to ten times faster than standard forests, means they attract a rich abundance of wildlife. It's also thought that these places could help reduce the risk of flooding, remove carbon from the atmosphere and fight climate change, as well as improving the mental health of those living locally.
1.What do we know about the Tiny Forest movement?
A.It has achieved notable success.
B.It is led by a number of schools.
C.It began in Europe in the 1970s.
D.It will spread to the countryside.
2.What is the purpose of the project led by Hartley in the UK?
A.To promote eco⁃tourism.
B.To improve forestry research.
C.To popularise gardening.
D.To get people close to nature.
3.What is special about the trees in a Tiny Forest?
A.They are small in size.
B.They are thickly planted.
C.They are foreign species.
D.They are heavily fertilised.
答案
[语篇解读] 微森林运动的兴起和流行带来很多好处。
1.A　2.D　3.B　
Passage 5 (2022浙江6月, C)话题:正确的人生态度
　　Many people believe that working to the maximum is the secret to success, but research has found that moderation(适度) also gets results on the job.
In a study led by Ellen Langer of Harvard University, researchers asked people to translate sentences into a new made⁃up language. Subjects who practiced the language moderately beforehand made fewer errors than those who practiced extensively or not at all. High levels of knowledge can make people too attached to traditional ways of viewing problems across fields—the arts, sciences, and politics. High conscientiousness is related to lower job performance, especially in simple jobs where it doesn't pay to be a perfectionist.
How long we stay on the clock and how we spend that time are under careful examination in many workplaces. The young banker who eats lunch at his desk is probably seen as a go⁃getter, while his colleagues who chat over a relaxed conference⁃room meal get dirty looks from the corner office. “People from cultures that value relationships more than ours does are shocked by the thought of eating alone in front of a computer,” says Art Markman, a professor of psychology at the University of Texas, Austin. Social interaction has been shown to lift mood (情绪) and get people thinking in new directions and in ways that could help improve any post⁃lunch effort.
Markman also promotes off⁃task time. “Part of being a good thinker is experiencing things that are seemingly unrelated to what you are working on at the moment but give you fresh ideas about your work,” he says. “Also, there is a lot of research showing that a positive mood leads to higher levels of productivity and creativity. So, when people do things to increase their life satisfaction, they also make themselves more effective at work.”

1.What does Ellen Langer's study show?
A.It is worthwhile to be a perfectionist.
B.Translation makes people knowledgeable.
C.Simpler jobs require greater caution.
D.Moderate effort produces the best result.
2.The underlined word “go⁃getter” in paragraph 3 refers to someone who 　　　. 
A.is good at handling pressure
B.works hard to become successful
C.has a natural talent for his job
D.gets on well with his co⁃workers
3.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A.A good thinker is able to inspire other people.
B.Experience unrelated to your job is useless.
C.A cheerful mood helps make a creative mind.
D.Focusing on what you do raises productivity.
4.What does the text seem to advocate?
A.Middle⁃of⁃the⁃road work habits.
B.Balance between work and family.
C.Long⁃standing cultural traditions.
D.Harmony in the work environment.
答案
[语篇解读] 研究发现适度的努力能在工作中取得最佳效果。
1.D　2.B　3.C　4.A　
Passage 6 (2021全国甲, B)话题:人与动物
　　Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding(繁育)programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf(犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve. And officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity(圈养).
Paul Beer, head of rhino section at Port Lympne, said:“Obviously we're all absolutely delighted to welcome another calf to our black rhino family. She's healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. Her mother, Solio, is a first⁃time mum and she is doing a fantastic job. It's still a little too cold for them to go out into the open, but as soon as the weather warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing every day.”
The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on January 5 to first⁃time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. His mother, grandmother and great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there.
According to the World Wildlife Fund, the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5500, giving the rhinos a “critically endangered” status.
1.Which of the following best describes the breeding programme?
A.Costly. B.Controversial.
C.Ambitious. D.Successful.
2.What does Paul Beer say about the new⁃born rhino?
A.She loves staying with her mother.
B.She dislikes outdoor activities.
C.She is in good condition.
D.She is sensitive to heat.
3.What similar experience do Solio and Kisima have?
A.They had their first born in January.
B.They enjoyed exploring new places.
C.They lived with their grandmothers.
D.They were brought to the reserve young.
4.What can be inferred about Port Lympne Reserve?
A.The rhino section will be open to the public.
B.It aims to control the number of the animals.
C.It will continue to work with the World Wildlife Fund.
D.Some of its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章主要介绍了林姆尼港保护区新出生了一头犀牛幼崽。
1.D　2.C　3.A　4.D　
Passage 7 (2021全国乙, A)话题:建筑领域的代表性作品
The Biggest Stadiums in the World
People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece. In around 80 A.D., the Romans built the Colosseum, which remains the world's best known stadium and continues to inform contemporary design. Rome's Colosseum was 157 feet tall and had 80 entrances, seating 50,000 people. However, that was small fry compared with the city's Circus Maximus, which accommodated around 250,000 people.
These days, safety regulations—not to mention the modern sports fan's desire for a good view and a comfortable seat—tend to keep stadium capacities(容量) slightly lower. Even soccer fans tend to have a seat each; gone are the days of thousands standing to watch the match.
For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far, which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated information from official stadium websites.
All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events in world sport.
·Rungrado 1st of May Stadium,Pyongyang, D.P.R. Korea. Capacity:150,000. Opened: May 1, 1989.
·Michigan Stadium,Ann Arbor,Michigan,U.S. Capacity:107,601. Opened:October 1,1927.
·Beaver Stadium, State College, Pennsylvania, U.S. Capacity:106,572. Opened:September 17, 1960.
·Ohio Stadium,Columbus, Ohio,U.S. Capacity:104,944. Opened:October 7,1922.
·Kyle Field, College Station, Texas,U.S. Capacity:102,512. Opened:September 24,1927.

1.How many people could the Circus Maximus hold?
A.104,944. B.107,601.
C.About 150,000. D.About 250,000.
2.Of the following stadiums, which is the oldest?
A.Michigan Stadium.
B.Beaver Stadium.
C.Ohio Stadium.
D.Kyle Field.
3.What do the listed stadiums have in common?
A.They host big games.
B.They have become tourist attractions.
C.They were built by Americans.
D.They are favored by architects.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章主要介绍了世界上最大的体育场。
1.D　2.C　3.A　
Passage 8 (2021全国乙, B)话题:科技发展
　　When almost everyone has a mobile phone,why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline (座机)?
These days you'd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn't own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere,anytime.
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter (29%) rely only on their smartphones, according to a survey(调查). Of those Australians who still have a landline,a third concede that it's not really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket—19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.
More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor(因素)—only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then,compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who've perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn't the only factor; I'd say it's also to do with the makeup of your household.
Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone(using Caller ID would take the fun out of it).
How attached are you to your landline?How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries?
1.What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones?
A.Their target users. B.Their wide popularity.
C.Their major functions. D.Their complex design.
2.What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean?
A.Admit.　　　B.Argue.　　　C.Remember.　　　D.Remark.
3.What can we say about Baby Boomers?
A.They like smartphone games.
B.They enjoy guessing callers' identity.
C.They keep using landline phones.
D.They are attached to their family.
4.What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph?
A.It remains a family necessity.
B.It will fall out of use some day.
C.It may increase daily expenses.
D.It is as important as the gas light.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章介绍了在几乎人人都有手机的今天,为什么超过一半的澳大利亚家庭仍然保留着座机。
1.B　2.A　3.C　4.B　
Passage 9 (2021全国乙, C)话题:自然环境保护
　　You've heard that plastic is polluting the oceans—between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re⁃examine their relationship to single⁃use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,”a pair of 10⁃foot⁃tall plastic waves, frozen mid⁃crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source(来源) of plastic pollution, but they've recently come under fire because most people don't need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that's part of Von Wong's artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes.Once the drink is gone,the straw will take centuries to disappear.
In a piece from 2018,Von Wong wanted to illustrate(说明) a specific statistic:Every 60 seconds,a truckload's worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they'd been dumped(倾倒)from a truck all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
1.What are Von Wong's artworks intended for?
A.Beautifying the city he lives in.
B.Introducing eco⁃friendly products.
C.Drawing public attention to plastic waste.
D.Reducing garbage on the beach.
2.Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?
A.To show the difficulty of their recycling.
B.To explain why they are useful.
C.To voice his views on modern art.
D.To find a substitute for them.
3.What effect would “Truckload of Plastic” have on viewers?
A.Calming. B.Disturbing.
C.Refreshing. D.Challenging.
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A.Artists' Opinions on Plastic Safety
B.Media Interest in Contemporary Art
C.Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies
D.Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures
答案
[语篇解读] 文章介绍了Benjamin Von Wong 为倡导环保而把塑料废物做成艺术品,用有趣的方式呼吁人们关爱我们的地球。
1.C　2.A　3.B　4.D　
Passage 10 (2021全国乙, D)话题:自然科学研究成果
　　During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction(干扰) in his open office, he said, “That's why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street—so I can focus.”His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout(布局). But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels(分贝), 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group—those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop—significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise—not too loud and not total silence—may actually improve one's creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This kind of “distracted focus”appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.
So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others' conversations while we're trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face⁃to⁃face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
1.Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space?
A.It helps him concentrate.
B.It blocks out background noise.
C.It has a pleasant atmosphere.
D.It encourages face⁃to⁃face interactions.
2.Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability?
A.Total silence. B.50 decibels.
C.70 decibels. D.85 decibels.
3.What makes an open office unwelcome to many people?
A.Personal privacy unprotected.
B.Limited working space.
C.Restrictions on group discussion.
D.Constant interruptions.
4.What can we infer about the author from the text?
A.He's a news reporter.
B.He's an office manager.
C.He's a professional designer.
D.He's a published writer.

答案
[语篇解读] 作者得到启示:开放的工作环境有时有利于创造性思维。
1.A　2.C　3.D　4.D　
Passage 11 (2021浙江6月, B)话题:健康的生活方式
　　We live in a town with three beaches. There are two parks less than 10 minutes' walk from home where neighbourhood children gather to play. However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a screen—any screen—and stare at it for hours. They are not alone. Today's children spend an average of four and a half hours a day looking at screens, split between watching television and using the Internet.
In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to counter this trend. A couple of years ago, film⁃maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say “chocolate” into his three⁃year⁃old son's ear without getting a response. He realised that something needed to change, and, being a London media type, appointed himself “marketing director for Nature”. He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the Wild Network, a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.
“Just five more minutes outdoors can make a difference,” David Bond says. “There is a lot of really interesting evidence which seems to be suggesting that if children are inspired up to the age of seven, then being outdoors will be a habit for life.” His own children have got into the habit of playing outside now:“We just send them out into the garden and tell them not to come back in for a while.”
Summer is upon us. There is an amazing world out there, and it needs our children as much as they need it. Let us get them out and let them play.
1.What is the problem with the author's children?
A.They often annoy the neighbours.
B.They are tired of doing their homework.
C.They have no friends to play with.
D.They stay in front of screens for too long.
2.How did David Bond advocate his idea?
A.By making a documentary film.
B.By organizing outdoor activities.
C.By advertising in London media.
D.By creating a network of friends.
3.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “charts” in paragraph 2?
A.records B.predicts
C.delays D.confirms
4.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Let Children Have Fun
B.Young Children Need More Free Time
C.Market Nature to Children
D.David Bond:A Role Model for Children
答案
[语篇解读] 电影制作人通过拍摄影片向孩子们“推销”大自然,引导他们养成户外活动的习惯。
1.D　2.A　3.A　4.C　
Passage 12 (2020全国Ⅰ, C)话题:体育活动
　　Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50⁃kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport's rules require that a race walker's knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact(接触) with the ground at all times. It's this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says. According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.
However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.
As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner's knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport's strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.
1.Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?
A.They must run long distances.
B.They are qualified for the marathon.
C.They have to follow special rules.
D.They are good at swinging their legs.
2.What advantage does race walking have over running?
A.It's more popular at the Olympics.
B.It's less challenging physically.
C.It's more effective in body building.
D.It's less likely to cause knee injuries.
3.What is Dr. Norberg's suggestion for someone trying race walking?
A.Getting experts' opinions.
B.Having a medical checkup.
C.Hiring an experienced coach.
D.Doing regular exercises.
4.Which word best describes the author's attitude to race walking?
A.Skeptical.
B.Objective.
C.Tolerant.
D.Conservative.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章介绍了竞走运动的特点及其利弊。
1.C　2.D　3.A　4.B　
Passage 13 (2020全国Ⅰ, D)话题:人与植物
　　The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further—changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. “We're thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,”explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow(发光)in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano's team found that they could create a faint light for three⁃and⁃a⁃half hours. The light, about one⁃thousandth of the amount needed to read by, is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self⁃powered street lamps.
In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one⁃off treatment that would last the plant's lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch”where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)—such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway—a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输). Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.
1.What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A.A new study of different plants.
B.A big fall in crime rates.
C.Employees from various workplaces.
D.Benefits from green plants.
2.What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineers?
A.To detect plants' lack of water.
B.To change compositions of plants.
C.To make the life of plants longer.
D.To test chemicals in plants.
3.What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?
A.They will speed up energy production.
B.They may transmit electricity to the home.
C.They might help reduce energy consumption.
D.They could take the place of power plants.
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A.Can we grow more glowing plants?
B.How do we live with glowing plants?
C.Could glowing plants replace lamps?
D.How are glowing plants made pollution⁃free?
答案
[语篇解读] 文章介绍了绿植对人类的积极影响和发光植物的节能作用并预测了其前景。
1.D　2.A　3.C　4.C　

Passage 14 (2020全国Ⅱ, B)话题:善于学习
　　Some parents will buy any high⁃tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math⁃related skills.
Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children at the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents' income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.
The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child⁃parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.
“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转) and translate shapes,”Levine said in a statement.
The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of the children in the study played with puzzles at one time. Higher⁃income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than the parents of girls.
The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.
1.In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play?
A.Building confidence.
B.Developing spatial skills.
C.Learning self⁃control.
D.Gaining high⁃tech knowledge.
2.What did Levine take into consideration when designing her experiment?
A.Parents' age.
B.Children's imagination.
C.Parents' education.
D.Child⁃parent relationship.
3.How do boys differ from girls in puzzle play?
A.They play with puzzles more often.
B.They tend to talk less during the game.
C.They prefer to use more spatial language.
D.They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.
4.What is the text mainly about?
A.A mathematical method.
B.A scientific study.
C.A woman psychologist.
D.A teaching program.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章介绍了益智游戏可以更好地培养孩子的空间技巧。
1.B　2.C　3.D　4.B　
Passage 15 (2020全国Ⅱ, C)话题:人与动物
　　When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn't cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion(时装)enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt⁃free fur—unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year,”says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.
Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.
Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there can't handle this non⁃native species(物种). It's destroying the environment. It's them or us,”says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s, the cat⁃sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it's not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part of Mouton's job these days is trying to promote fur.
Then there's Righteous Fur and its unusual fashions. Model Paige Morgan says, “To give people a guilt⁃free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them—I think that's going to be a massive thing, at least here in New York.”Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She's trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco⁃friendly.
1.What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?
A.To promote guilt⁃free fur.
B.To expand the fashion market.
C.To introduce a new brand.
D.To celebrate a winter holiday.
2.Why are scientists concerned about nutria?
A.Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.
B.Nutria are an endangered species.
C.Nutria hurt local cat⁃sized animals.
D.Nutria are illegally hunted.
3.What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A.Boomed. B.Became mature.
C.Remained stable. D.Crashed.
4.What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?
A.It's formal. B.It's risky.
C.It's harmful. D.It's traditional.
答案
[语篇解读] 一些生态学家和时装爱好者试图让海狸鼠毛皮重回市场,并给出了原因。
1.A　2.A　3.D　4.B　
Passage 16 (2020全国Ⅲ, B)话题:人与动物
　　When “Rise of the Planet of the Apes”was first shown to the public last month, a group of excited animal activists gathered on Hollywood Boulevard. But they weren't there to throw red paint on fur⁃coat⁃wearing film stars. Instead, one activist, dressed in a full⁃body monkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers:“Thanks for not using real apes(猿)!”
The creative team behind “Apes”used motion⁃capture(动作捕捉)technology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actor's performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image(图像). In this case, one of a realistic⁃looking ape.
Yet “Apes” is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2,000 productions this year. Already, a number of films, including “Water for Elephants,” “The Hangover Part Ⅱ”and “Zookeeper,” have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven't been treated properly. 
In some cases, it's not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; it's the off⁃set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. And there are questions about the films made outside the States, which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the States.
1.Why did the animal activists gather on Hollywood Boulevard?
A.To see famous film stars.
B.To oppose wearing fur coats.
C.To raise money for animal protection.
D.To express thanks to some filmmakers.
2.What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A.The cost of making “Apes.”
B.The creation of digitalized apes.
C.The publicity about “Apes.”
D.The performance of real apes.

3.What does the underlined phrase “keeping tabs on” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A.Listing completely.
B.Directing professionally.
C.Promoting successfully.
D.Watching carefully.
4.What can we infer from the last paragraph about animal actors?
A.They may be badly treated.
B.They should take further training.
C.They could be traded illegally.
D.They would lose popularity.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章通过电影《猩球崛起》中猿的角色制作,引发人们对影视作品中动物角色的关注。
1.D　2.B　3.D　4.A　
Passage 17 (2020全国Ⅲ, C)话题:社会热点问题
　　With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独), more families are choosing to live together.
The doorway to peace and quiet, for Nick Bright at least, leads straight to his mother⁃in⁃law: she lives on the ground floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters.
Four years ago they all moved into a three⁃storey Victorian house in Bristol—one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. They share a front door and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor.
“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in:“We spoke more with Nick because I think it's a big thing for Nick to live with his mother⁃in⁃law.”
And what does Nick think? “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes, I think I would.”
It's hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time. Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2001 to 419,000 in 2013.
Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common. Some people live with their elderly parents; many more adult children are returning to the family home, if they ever left. It is said that about 20% of 25-34⁃year⁃olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991. The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million.
Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted. In India, particularly outside cities, young women are expected to move in with their husband's family when they get married.
1.Who mainly uses the ground floor in the Victorian house in Bristol?
A.Nick.　　　B.Rita.　　　C.Kathryn.　　　D.The daughters.
2.What is Nick's attitude towards sharing the house with his mother⁃in⁃law?
A.Positive.　　　B.Carefree.　　　C.Tolerant.　　　D.Unwilling.
3.What is the author's statement about multigenerational family based on?
A.Family traditions.
B.Financial reports.
C.Published statistics.
D.Public opinions.
4.What is the text mainly about?
A.Lifestyles in different countries.
B.Conflicts between generations.
C.A housing problem in Britain.
D.A rising trend of living in the UK.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章通过Nick一家与岳母共同生活的例子来说明英国越来越多的家庭开始选择多代同住的生活方式。
1.B　2.A　3.C　4.D　
Passage 18 (2020全国Ⅲ, D)话题:人类生存与环境的关系
　　We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look deeper into our genes(基因), they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years. People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle⁃raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation(突变)that helps them digest milk as adults.
On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation—not to air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of sea⁃dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats;in recent times, they've also built houses on stilts(支柱)in coastal waters.“They are simply a stranger to the land,”said Rodney C. Jubilado, a University of Hawaii researcher who studies the Bajau.
Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish.“We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders,”Dr. Jubilado said.“I could see them actually walking under the sea.”
In 2015, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them.“It seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population,”said Dr. Ilardo. She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive.
1.What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 1?
A.Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers.
B.New knowledge of human evolution.
C.Recent findings of human origin.
D.Significance of food selection.
2.Where do the Bajau build their houses?
A.In valleys.
B.Near rivers.
C.On the beach.
D.Off the coast.
3.Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau?
A.They could walk on stilts all day.
B.They had a superb way of fishing.
C.They could stay long underwater.
D.They lived on both land and water.
4.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Bodies Remodeled for a Life at Sea
B.Highlanders' Survival Skills
C.Basic Methods of Genetic Research
D.The World's Best Divers
答案
[语篇解读] 文章通过巴瑶人由于靠海为生,逐渐变得擅长潜水的事实来说明人类的进化。
1.B　2.D　3.C　4.A　
Passage 19 (2019全国Ⅰ, C)话题:科技发展
　　As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量)technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e⁃spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low⁃cost device(装置)that gets around this problem:a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.
In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic⁃like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.
1.Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?
A.To reduce pressure on keys.
B.To improve accuracy in typing.
C.To replace the password system.
D.To cut the cost of e⁃space protection.
2.What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible?
A.Computers are much easier to operate.
B.Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.
C.Typing patterns vary from person to person.
D.Data security measures are guaranteed.
3.What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?
A.It'll be environment⁃friendly.
B.It'll reach consumers soon.
C.It'll be made of plastics.
D.It'll help speed up typing.
4.Where is this text most likely from?
A.A diary. B.A guidebook.
C.A novel. D.A magazine.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章介绍了Georgia Tech的研究者们想出了一种低成本的装置——智能键盘,来保护私人的电子空间,并希望这种设备能尽快进入市场,服务消费者。
1.D　2.C　3.B　4.D　
Passage 20 (2019全国Ⅰ, D)话题:人际关系
　　During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.
Popularity is a well⁃explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories:the likable and the status seekers. The likables' plays⁃well⁃with⁃others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump⁃start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there's the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence:status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.
Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein's studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage(从事) in dangerous and risky behavior.”
In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究). “We found that the least well⁃liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.”
Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date—sharing, kindness, openness—carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.
In analyzing his and other research, Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion:Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. “Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage,” he said.
1.What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?
A.Unkind.　　　B.Lonely.　　　C.Generous.　　　D.Cool.
2.What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A.The classification of the popular.
B.The characteristics of adolescents.
C.The importance of interpersonal skills.
D.The causes of dishonorable behavior.
3.What did Dr. Prinstein's study find about the most liked kids?
A.They appeared to be aggressive.
B.They tended to be more adaptable.
C.They enjoyed the highest status.
D.They performed well academically.
4.What is the best title for the text?
A.Be Nice—You Won't Finish Last
B.The Higher the Status, the Better
C.Be the Best—You Can Make It
D.More Self⁃Control, Less Aggressiveness
答案
[语篇解读] 文章讲述了受欢迎的人分成两类——讨人喜欢的人和追逐高地位的人。
1.C　2.A　3.B　4.A　
Passage 21 (2019全国Ⅱ, C)话题:个人生活
　　Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach's Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e⁃book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading?None of your business!Lunch is Bechtel's “me” time. And like more Americans, she's not alone.
A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half(53 percent)have breakfast alone and nearly half(46 percent)have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report.
“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know?”Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today, I just wanted some time to myself,”she said.
Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local videographer, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first⁃name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流). “I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week,”he said. “It's a chance for self⁃reflection. You return to work recharged and with a plan.”
That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology,”said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the report.
1.What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about?
A.Food variety.
B.Eating habits.
C.Table manners.
D.Restaurant service.
2.Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?
A.To meet with her coworkers.
B.To catch up with her work.
C.To have some time on her own.
D.To collect data for her report.
3.What do we know about Mazoleny?
A.He makes videos for the bar.
B.He's fond of the food at the bar.
C.He interviews customers at the bar.
D.He's familiar with the barkeeper.
4.What is the text mainly about?
A.The trend of having meals alone.
B.The importance of self⁃reflection.
C.The stress from working overtime.
D.The advantage of wireless technology.
答案
[语篇解读] 现如今,在美国,越来越多的人选择自己吃饭,他们希望以此争取一些自己独处的时间。
1.B　2.C　3.D　4.A　
Passage 22 (2019全国Ⅲ, B)话题:跨文化包容
　　For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.
“It's no secret that China has always been a source(来源) of inspiration for designers,” says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion(时尚) shows.
Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China⁃inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics(美学) on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.
“China is impossible to overlook,” says Hill. “Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion—they are central to its movement.” Of course, not only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China—some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese. “Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galliano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs—and beating them hands down in design and sales,” adds Hill. 
For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion.“The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers,” she says.“China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China—its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways.”
1.What can we learn about the exhibition in New York?
A.It promoted the sales of artworks.
B.It attracted a large number of visitors.
C.It showed ancient Chinese clothes.
D.It aimed to introduce Chinese models.
2.What does Hill say about Chinese women?
A.They are setting the fashion.
B.They start many fashion campaigns.
C.They admire super models.
D.They do business all over the world.
3.What do the underlined words “taking on” in paragraph 4 mean?
A.learning from B.looking down on
C.working with D.competing against
4.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Young Models Selling Dreams to the World
B.A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New York
C.Differences Between Eastern and Western Aesthetics
D.Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends
答案
[语篇解读] 本文介绍了中国文化对国际时尚的影响。
1.B　2.A　3.D　4.D　
Passage 23 (2019全国Ⅲ, C)话题:文化渊源
　　Before the 1830s, most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usually $8 to $10 a year. Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens. Accordingly, newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades. In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. They were dull and visually forbidding. But the revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that.
The trend, then, was toward the “penny paper”—a term referring to papers made widely available to the public. It meant any inexpensive newspaper; perhaps more importantly it meant newspapers that could be bought in single copies on the street.
This development did not take place overnight. It had been possible(but not easy) to buy single copies of newspapers before 1830, but this usually meant the reader had to go down to the printer's office to purchase a copy. Street sales were almost unknown. However, within a few years, street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities. At first the price of single copies was seldom a penny—usually two or three cents was charged—and some of the older well⁃known papers charged five or six cents. But the phrase “penny paper” caught the public's fancy, and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny.
This new trend of newspapers for “the man on the street” did not begin well. Some of the early ventures(企业) were immediate failures. Publishers already in business, people who were owners of successful papers, had little desire to change the tradition. It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.
1.Which of the following best describes newspapers in America before the 1830s?
A.Academic. B.Unattractive.
C.Inexpensive. D.Confidential.
2.What did street sales mean to newspapers?
A.They would be priced higher.
B.They would disappear from cities.
C.They could have more readers.
D.They could regain public trust.
3.Who were the newspapers of the new trend targeted at?
A.Local politicians.
B.Common people.
C.Young publishers.
D.Rich businessmen.
4.What can we say about the birth of the penny paper?
A.It was a difficult process.
B.It was a temporary success.
C.It was a robbery of the poor.
D.It was a disaster for printers.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章介绍了报纸走向街头,走向大众的过程。
1.B　2.C　3.B　4.A　
Passage 24 (2019全国Ⅲ, D)话题:人与动物
　　Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers.
A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0~25 drops of water or juice as a reward. The researchers then tested how the monkeys combined—or added—the symbols to get the reward.
Here's how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone, who led the team, described the experiment: In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens. On one part of the screen, a symbol would appear, and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown. For example, the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8. If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle, they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers—17 in this example.
After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.
When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate(低估) a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in value—sometimes choosing, for example, a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6. The underestimation was systematic: When adding two numbers, the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two, and then added only a fraction(小部分) of the smaller number to it.
“This indicates that there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brains,” Dr. Livingstone says.“But in this experiment what they're doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one.”
1.What did the researchers do to the monkeys before testing them?
A.They fed them.　　　B.They named them.　　　
C.They trained them.　　　D.They measured them.
2.How did the monkeys get their reward in the experiment?
A.By drawing a circle.
B.By touching a screen.
C.By watching videos.
D.By mixing two drinks.
3.What did Livingstone's team find about the monkeys?
A.They could perform basic addition.
B.They could understand simple words.
C.They could memorize numbers easily.
D.They could hold their attention for long.
4.In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?
A.Entertainment.　　　B.Health.　　　C.Education.　　　D.Science.
答案
[语篇解读] 科学家对猴子进行测试后发现猴子有一定的数字计算能力。
1.C　2.B　3.A　4.D　
Passage 25 (2018全国Ⅰ, C)话题:社会进步与人类文明
　　Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter⁃gatherers, small, tightly knit(联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation⁃state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages;the Americas about 1,000;Africa 2,400;and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that.
Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon(eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico(150), Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia(one, with a question⁃mark):none of these seems to have much chance of survival.
1.What can we infer about languages in hunter⁃gatherer times?
A.They developed very fast.
B.They were large in number.
C.They had similar patterns.
D.They were closely connected.
2.Which of the following best explains“dominant”underlined in paragraph 2?
A.Complex.　　　B.Advanced.　　　C.Powerful.　　　D.Modern.
3.How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?
A.About 6,800.
B.About 3,400.
C.About 2,400.
D.About 1,200.
4.What is the main idea of the text?
A.New languages will be created.
B.People's lifestyles are reflected in languages.
C.Human development results in fewer languages.
D.Geography determines language evolution.
答案
[语篇解读] 作者讲述了人类的发展导致了世界上语言数量的减少。
1.B　2.C　3.B　4.C　
Passage 26 (2018全国Ⅱ, C)话题:乐于学习
　　Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday.
While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many children's lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading.
According to the report's key findings, “the proportion(比例)who say they ‘hardly ever’read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13⁃year⁃olds and 9 percent of 17⁃year⁃olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.”
The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 2-8, remain largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.
When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel(建议) parents looking for data about the effect of e⁃readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.
The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and parents who set aside time for them to read.
As the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom(逼近) ahead, parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore.
1.What is the Common Sense Media report probably about?
A.Children's reading habits.
B.Quality of children's books.
C.Children's after⁃class activities.
D.Parent⁃child relationships.
2.Where can you find the data that best supports “children are reading a lot less for fun”?
A.In paragraph 2.
B.In paragraph 3.
C.In paragraph 4.
D.In paragraph 5.
3.Why do many parents limit electronic reading?
A.E⁃books are of poor quality.
B.It could be a waste of time.
C.It may harm children's health.
D.E⁃readers are expensive.
4.How should parents encourage their children to read more?
A.Act as role models for them.
B.Ask them to write book reports.
C.Set up reading groups for them.
D.Talk with their reading class teachers.
答案
[语篇解读] 根据“常识媒体”所做的一项调查可知,与过去相比,十几岁的孩子进行趣味阅读的量越来越少。
1.A　2.B　3.C　4.A　

3年模拟
Passage 1 (2023届湖南邵阳二中月考一)话题:信息安全
　　The term “metaverse” is the latest buzzword(流行术语) to capture the tech industry's imagination—so much so that one of the best⁃known Internet platforms is rebranding itself to signal its embrace of the futuristic idea.
Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg's announcement that he's changing his company's name to Meta Platforms Inc. might be the biggest thing to happen to the metaverse since science fiction writer Neal Stephenson coined the term for his novel “Snow Crash” published in 1992. But Zuckerberg and his team are hardly the only tech visionaries with ideas on how the metaverse, which will employ a mix of virtual reality and other technologies, should take shape.
What is the metaverse? Zuckerberg has described it as a “virtual environment” you can go inside of—instead of just looking at on a screen. Essentially, it's a world of endless, interconnected virtual communities where people can meet, work and play, using virtual reality headsets and glasses, smartphones or other devices. The metaverse could also be a game⁃changer for the work⁃from⁃home shift amid the coronavirus pandemic. Instead of seeing co⁃workers on a video call, employees could join them in a virtual office.
Zuckerberg's embrace of the metaverse in some ways contradicts a central tenet(信条) of its biggest enthusiasts. They envision the metaverse as online culture's liberation from tech platforms like Facebook that assumed ownership of people's accounts, photos, posts and traded on what they collected from that data. “We want to be able to move around the Internet with ease, but we also want to be able to move around the Internet in a way we're not tracked or monitored,” said Steve Jang, who focuses on cryptocurrency(数字货币) technology. There is a growing concern about Facebook trying to lead the way into a virtual world that could require even more personal data and offer greater potential for abuse and misinformation when it hasn't fixed those problems in its current platforms.
1.Why is Zuckerberg changing the name of his company?
A.Because he plans to quit his present business.
B.Because he has founded the metaverse.
C.Because he will engage in the metaverse.
D.Because he wants to draw public attention.
2.What can be inferred about the central belief of metaverse fans?
A.Users should be responsible for their personal data.
B.Cryptocurrency technology should be monitored.
C.Tech platforms should possess users' data.
D.The metaverse should be tracked.
3.What can people do in the metaverse?
A.Do everything in the real world.
B.Have meetings in the virtual office.
C.Defeat the pandemic.
D.See co⁃workers on a video call.
4.What do some people think of Zuckerberg's decision?
A.Facebook will gain people's trust.
B.Facebook will make the Internet a better world.
C.Facebook may not abuse information.
D.Facebook may not play a good leading role.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章阐述了什么是元宇宙及元宇宙存在的个人数据安全隐患问题。
1.C　2.A　3.B　4.D　
Passage 2 (2023届山东青岛期初测试)话题:人与动物
　　Covered in lush fur, the thickest in the animal kingdom, sea otters(海獭) can live their entire lives in the ocean, feeding heavily on seafloor animals such as shellfish. They are often seen to eat clams(蛤蜊), which bury themselves in meadows of eelgrass(大叶藻场), a wide⁃ranging plant species growing in water. Eelgrass meadows where sea otters dig for clams become partly bare, which is commonly a concern for ecologists.
As it turns out, the meadows with sea otters are healthier, with more eelgrass, according to a new study published in Science. That's because by gently disturbing the seabed, sea otters make the plants flower and produce seeds. What's more, their digging provides more space and sunlight for seeds to settle and grow. The enhanced genetic diversity caused by sea otters could make eelgrass more adaptable to present and future threats.
The finding is a powerful example of how animals such as sea otters influence their ecosystems beyond predation (捕食), often in unseen and little⁃known ways, says study leader Erin Foster, a research associate at the Hakai Institute. It also means sea otters, an endangered species, are vital to their environments and give eelgrass, which is in danger worldwide, a better chance of staying healthy and surviving.
Seagrass habitats are also important for many fish, providing food for animals, and filtering harmful pollution and bacteria from the water. “Genetic diversity typically strengthens the adaptability of species, and considering the challenges we're facing...this will be important for eelgrass meadows, and from this aspect, the impact sea otters have deserves our lasting concern,” says Foster.
1.What do we know about sea otters?
A.They live part of their lives underwater.
B.They mainly feed on sea animals like fish.
C.They eat clams beneath eelgrass meadows.
D.They become a new concern for ecologists.
2.How does the author develop paragraph 2?
A.By giving opinions.
B.By presenting reasons.
C.By clarifying concepts.
D.By comparing results.
3.Why does the author mention the endangered condition of eelgrass?
A.To provide examples of sea otters' predation.
B.To show the urgency to protect the environment.
C.To highlight the role of sea otters in their ecosystems.
D.To warn against the potential risk of climate change.
4.What does Foster think of the impact sea otters have on underwater meadows?
A.Overestimated. B.Noteworthy.
C.Temporary. D.Unpredictable.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章主要讲述了濒危物种海獭对环境至关重要,它给处于危险中的大叶藻提供了更好的健康生存的机会。
1.C　2.B　3.C　4.B　
Passage 3 (2023届江苏南通海安市实验中学9月月考)话题:社会交往
　　Currently, video calls are becoming familiar challenges as COVID⁃19 forces workers to communicate from their homes and offices.
Now scientists have revealed why we tend to end up raising our voices at our workmates: as video quality falls, we speak louder and vary our gestures(手势) in an attempt to make up.
“The gestures we make while talking, as well as other visual signals, are truly important and integrated aspects of how we communicate,” said Dr. James Trujillo, the first author of the research at Radboud University Nijmegen, in the Netherlands.
Trujillo said previous research had shown that when we cannot hear someone well, we speak louder, while the team's recent work shows that when a video call is very noisy, people make their gestures more noticeable. Trujillo and his colleagues reported in a journal how they analyzed video calls between 20 pairs of participants, who sat in separate rooms and chatted freely to each other over a zoom⁃like video call for 40 minutes. Over the course of the call, the quality of the video was changed in 10 steps between excellent and completely unclear, with half of the pairs experiencing improving video quality, and half experiencing it in the opposite way. The video quality during the call at each step was the same for both participants. The research tracked the participants' gestures and aspects of their speech.
The team added that when gestures were not being used, the speech was unaffected by decreases in visibility. However, when gestures were used, volume increased by up to five decibels(分贝) as video quality deteriorated, and then remained at this higher level as video quality decreased further—in other words, when gestures ceased to be useful at all.
“They know that the gestures being produced are vital to their communication, but their partner is going to have a harder time seeing them. So they increase the strength of the other signal—speech,” he said.

1.Why do we tend to raise our voices on a video call?
A.Due to the poor video quality.
B.In the hope of curing our poor hearing.
C.In an attempt to avoid making gestures.
D.For the sake of generating interest in the topic.
2.What do we know from paragraphs 3-4?
A.Recent findings agree with previous ones.
B.Participants made the video call in an equal measure.
C.Integrated factors make for effective communication.
D.Dr. James Trujillo is the first person to look into the topic.
3.What does the underlined word “deteriorated” mean in paragraph 5?
A.Turned better.
B.Grew unstable.
C.Became worse.
D.Remained unchanged.
4.Which of the following is the most suitable title for the text?
A.Lift up, we can't catch you
B.Cheer up, we won't fail you
C.Shut up, we can't reach you
D.Speak up, we can't see you
答案
[语篇解读] 文章介绍了一项研究结果,随着视频质量的下降,人们看不到对方的手势, 所以会更大声地说话。
1.A　2.C　3.C　4.D　
Passage 4 (2023届山东潍坊五县市质量监测)话题:人与动物
　　As anyone in mainland Britain who has ever attempted to grow berries or nuts—or indeed feed the birds—will know, doing so is equal to an opening move in a game of chess with local grey squirrels, a game the squirrels tend to win. Grey squirrels are also fond of the occasional bird's egg or the young bird, and enjoy tearing and eating the bark of young broadleaf trees, which can either kill the trees or leave them open to infection. This, apart from affecting biodiversity and the landscape, harms the wood industry. The loss is not insignificant: ￡37 a year in England and Wales.
Grey squirrels, introduced from North America in 1876, have almost replaced native red squirrels by competing with them for food and habitat. They are larger and stronger, and resistant to the squirrelpox virus, while red squirrels are not. About 3 million grey squirrels now live in the UK; the International Union for Conservation of Nature lists the grey squirrel among the top 100 most harmful invasive(入侵的) species in the world.
In Britain, much effort and inventiveness has been made in stopping grey squirrels' progress, from trapping and shooting them to releasing pine martens into their habitats. The latest move, a workable system for which was thought to be a decade away, is forbidding the breeding(繁殖) of grey squirrels. However, legal challenge brought so many delays that the invasive grey squirrels' population expanded to an unmanageable level and wiping them out was abandoned. The main issue in Britain was thought to be more technological than legal—designing a drug that targets only grey squirrels to prevent their breeding. Another possibility in the years ahead is to use DNA editing to ensure female grey squirrels are born unable to give birth.
Grey squirrels have now been here for nearly 150 years. They do actively threaten another species in Britain. There is a strong argument that ecosystems change. In fact, that is their essential nature, and it is unrealistic to stop it. The attraction of controlling the breeding methods of grey squirrels is that they are less inhumane and aim for balance rather than uprooting.
1.What does the author focus on in paragraph 1?
A.The harm from grey squirrels.
B.The eating habits of grey squirrels.
C.The effect of grey squirrels on industry.
D.The game between the British and grey squirrels.
2.What led to the victory of grey squirrels over red squirrels?
A.Their huge number.
B.Their unique origins.
C.Their breeding ability.
D.Their physical qualities.
3.What is the main difficulty in removing grey squirrels in Britain?
A.Less labour.
B.Shortage of money.
C.Imperfect law.
D.Lack of technology.
4.What is the author's attitude to forbidding the breeding of grey squirrels?
A.Unclear.　　　B.Objective.　　　C.Favorable.　　　D.Doubtful.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章主要讲述了灰松鼠的危害。和英国本土的红松鼠相比,它们更大、更强壮,能抵抗松鼠痘病毒,清除灰松鼠面临的主要困难是缺乏技术。
1.A　2.D　3.D　4.C　
Passage 5 (2023届湖南永州一中月考一)话题:人与动物
　　Researchers from The University of Queensland(UQ)have helped design a new app to protect birds at risk of extinction across the world by eliminating language barriers between scientists. The Bird Language Diversity web app will help provide a “birds eye view”, ensuring vital information is shared to improve worldwide conservation.
UQ's Dr Pablo Negret said the research team analysed more than 10,000 bird species, and found that 1,587 species have 10 languages or more spoken within their distributions. “Scientific information on species can be spread across different languages, but valuable information can go missing or get lost in translation,” Dr Negret said. “Without enough sharing of information, this can affect the effectiveness of conservation measures.”
Take the common pochard bird for example. It is classified as vulnerable species and crosses 108 countries in Europe, Asia and North Africa, where a total of 75 official languages are spoken. The survival of the common pochard, and so many other species, depends on effective cooperation and policy agreements among people with diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds.
“This app reveals where threatened and migratory birds exist geographically, in relation to the language spoken in those regions,” Dr Negret said. “We hope the app will encourage researchers and conservation organisations to interact with their peers in other regions, especially if they speak different languages, and be a starting point to allow everyone to work together to protect threatened species.”
Dr Tatsuya Amano, a researcher and co⁃author of the paper, said this work could extend further than bird species. “Any species, whether they're mammals, amphibians(两栖动物), or plants, with a range crossing multiple countries will be impacted by language barriers, as well as species that migrate across different countries, such as marine species and butterflies,” he said. “The significance of the impact of poor communication on such an important issue is evident, and is the reason why we're working hard to improve science communication across languages.”
1.What does the underlined word “eliminating” in paragraph 1 mean?
A.Giving in to.　　　B.Coming across.　　　C.Putting up with.　　　D.Breaking down.
2.What is the function of adequate sharing of information?
A.Ensuring the effectiveness of protective measures.
B.Helping people know more about scientists' efforts.
C.Spreading knowledge of the diversity of birds worldwide.
D.Compromising the effectiveness of conservation measures.
3.What is shown on the app?
A.The producer of the app.
B.The organisations involved.
C.The location of endangered birds.
D.The information of new geographers.
4.What can be the best title for the text?
A.Birds Protection Is an Urgency
B.A New Bird App Spreads Its Wings
C.A New Bird App Helps Learn Languages
D.Poor Communication Impacts Cooperation

答案
[语篇解读] 文章介绍了一款用来保护世界各地濒临灭绝鸟类的新型应用程序。
1.D　2.A　3.C　4.B　
Passage 6 (2022湖南长沙雅礼中学一模)话题:自然科学研究成果
　　It's late in the evening, time to close the book and turn off the computer. You're done for the day. What you may not realize, however, is that the learning process actually continues in your dreams.
It might sound like science fiction, but researchers are increasingly focusing on the relationship between the knowledge and skills our brains absorb during the day and the often strange imaginings they generate at night. Scientists have found that dreaming about a task we've learned is associated with improved performance in that activity (suggesting that there's some truth to the popular idea that we're “getting” a foreign language once we begin dreaming in it). What's more, dreaming may be an essential part of understanding, organizing and retaining what we learn. While we sleep, research indicates, the brain replays the patterns of activity it experienced during waking hours, allowing us to enter what one psychologist calls neural virtual reality.
A vivid example of such replay can be seen in a video researchers made recently about sleep disorders. They taught a series of dance moves to patients suffering from sleepwalking and related conditions. They then videotaped the subjects as they slept. Lying in bed, eyes closed, one female patient on the tape performed the dance moves she learned earlier—“the first direct and unambiguous demonstration of the behavioral replay of a recently learned skill during human sleep,” writes lead author Delphine Oudiette.
Of course, most of us are not quite so energetic during sleep—but our brains are busy nonetheless. While our bodies are at rest, scientists theorize, our brains are extracting what's important from the information and events we've recently encountered, then integrating that data into the vast store of what we already know—perhaps explaining why dreams are such an odd mixture of fresh experiences and old memories. A dream about something we've just learned seems to be a sign that the new knowledge has been processed effectively. In a 2010 study published in the journal Current Biology, researchers at Harvard Medical School reported that college students who dreamed about a computer maze task they had learned showed a 10⁃fold improvement in their ability to navigate the maze compared to participants who did not dream about the task.
Robert Stickgold, one of the Harvard researchers, suggests that studying right before bedtime or taking a nap following a study session in the afternoon might increase the odds of dreaming about the material. Think about that as your head hits the pillow tonight.
1.What happens when one enters a dream state?
A.The body continues to act as if the sleeper were awake.
B.The neural activity of the brain will become more intense.
C.The brain once again experiences the learning activities of the day.
D.The brain behaves as if it were playing a virtual reality video game.
2.What does the brain do while we are sleeping?
A.It replaces old information with the new material.
B.It processes and absorbs newly acquired data.
C.It classifies information and places it in different files.
D.It systematizes all the information collected during the day.
3.Which of the following can enhance learning according to Robert Stickgold?
A.Staying up late before finally going to bed.
B.Having a period of sleep right after studying.
C.Having a dream about anything you are interested in.
D.Thinking about the chances of dreaming about the material.
4.What is the text mainly about?
A.How study affects people's dreams.
B.Why people learn more after sleeping.
C.What time students should study and sleep.
D.How dreaming may lead to improved learning outcomes.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章主要通过讲述一项研究来阐述做梦如何改善学习效果。
1.C　2.B　3.B　4.D　
Passage 7 (2022湖南长沙长郡中学一模)话题:人际关系
　　When romantic partners argue over things like finances, jealousy, or other interpersonal issues, they tend to employ their current feelings as fuel for a heated argument. But thinking about the future helps overcome relationship conflicts, according to a University of Waterloo study just published online in the journal Social Psychological and Personality Science. Alex Huynh, a doctoral candidate in psychology is the lead author of the study, which he published with Igor Grossmann from the University of Waterloo, and Daniel Yang from Yale University.
Previous research has shown that third⁃perspective reasoning can be a positive strategy for reconciliation(调解) of interpersonal struggles. Huynh and his collaborators investigated whether similar benefit can be induced by simply thinking about the future. Study participants were instructed to reflect on a recent conflict with a romantic partner or a close friend. One group of participants were then asked to describe how they would feel about the conflict in the future, while another group was asked to describe how they felt at present.
The team examined participants' written responses through a text⁃analysis program for their use of pronouns—such as I, me, she, he. These choices of pronouns were used to capture participants' focus on the feelings and behaviour of those involved in the conflict. Written responses were also examined for forgiveness and reinterpreting the conflict more positively, both of which implied the participants' use of reasoning strategies.
The researchers found that envisioning the future relationship affected both participants' focus on their feelings and their reasoning strategies. As a result, participants reported more positivity about their relationship altogether, especially when study participants extended their thinking about the relationship a year into the future.
“Our study demonstrates that adopting a future⁃oriented perspective in the context of a relationship conflict—reflecting on how one might feel a year from now—may be a valuable coping tool for one's psychological happiness and relationship well⁃being,” said Huynh.
1.What do romantic partners do in the face of disagreements?
A.They lose faith in their future.
B.They focus on their present feelings.
C.They look forward to a fierce conflict.
D.They care more about financial problems.
2.What does the underlined word “induced” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?
A.Caused.　　　B.Explained.　　　C.Reduced.　　　D.Improved.
3.What do we know about the study?
A.All the study participants described how they felt both at present and in the future.
B.Study participants described their recent relationship with their romantic partners or friends.
C.A text⁃analysis program was employed to examine participants' use of negative words.
D.The reasoning strategies in participants' written responses were well worthy of note.
4.What can be the best title of the text?
A.You have a year to solve your interpersonal problems!
B.Thinking about the future is essential for relationship maintenance!
C.Your current feelings are the real cause of your heated arguments!
D.Beneficial reasoning is a positive strategy for reconciliation!
答案
[语篇解读] 文章主要介绍了一项研究结果:思考未来关系有助于解决人际关系冲突,把目光放长远是维持人际关系的好方法。
1.B　2.A　3.D　4.B　
Passage 8 (2022江苏苏州高新区第一中学一模)话题:社会交往
　　We've all been there: sometimes you need to argue your point of view with someone who you know disagrees with you. You immediately go to your keyboard and start to type out that 280⁃character tweet, the Facebook reply, or a paragraphs⁃long email. Surely the reason, logic, and strong power of your written words will convince whoever disagrees with you to see your point of view. But new research suggests a different idea.
That research was conducted by Juliana Schroeder, assistant professor of the University of California, Berkeley, and her colleagues. In Schroeder's study of almost 300 people, participants were asked to watch, listen, and read arguments about subjects they agreed or disagreed with. They were asked to judge the character of the communicator and the quality of the argument. Schroeder's team found that the participants who watched or listened to the communicator were less dismissive (不屑一顾的)of their claims than when they read that communicator's same argument.
The idea for her study came from a newspaper article about a politician. One of us read a speech that was printed in a newspaper from a politician with whom he strongly disagreed. The next week, he heard the exact same speech playing on a radio station. He was shocked by how different his reaction was toward the politician when he read the speech compared to when he heard it. When he read the statement, the politician seemed idiotic, but when he heard it spoken, the politician actually sounded reasonable.
So in the workplace, speaking to someone in person often involves nothing more than walking a few doors down to their office. And that's exactly what you should do if you need to convince your boss or colleague of why your blueprint for the company or project is the right one.
Only as a last resort should you try to communicate with someone who you disagree with over social media. Twitter's limited text allowance and social media users' short attention make arguing your point an uphill battle.
1.What's the result of the research?
A.Written words are more logical and reasonable.
B.People prefer to communicate with the keyboard.
C.When reading an argument, the participants were less dismissive than hearing it.
D.Oral, not written, communication works better.
2.Why is the politician mentioned in paragraph 3?
A.To introduce the topic for discussion.
B.To summarize the previous paragraphs.
C.To explain why Schroeder conducted the research.
D.To introduce the politician's speech.
3.What does the underlined word “idiotic” in paragraph 3 mean?
A.Wise.　　　B.Practical.　　　C.Silly.　　　D.Special.
4.What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?
A.To persuade your boss, you need to walk to his office and leave a message.
B.It's difficult to fully explain your points due to social media's limitations.
C.Arguing over social media is more convenient than speaking in person.
D.Communicating with others over social media is encouraged.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章主要介绍了与意见不同的人交流的最好方式是面谈,而不是借助社交媒体。
1.D　2.C　3.C　4.B　
Passage 9 (2022浙江嘉兴二模)话题:善于学习
　　Many of us have experienced the following: the day before an exam, we try to squeeze a huge amount of information into our brain. But just as quickly as we acquire it, the knowledge we have gained is gone again. The good news is that we can solve this problem. With expanded time intervals between a person's learning events, we keep the knowledge for a longer time.
But what happens in the brain during the spacing effect? It is generally thought that during learning, neurons(神经元) are activated and form new connections. In this way, the learned knowledge is stored and can be regained by reactivating the same set of neurons. However, we still know very little about how pauses positively influence this process.
Neurobiologists Annet and Pieter did an experiment, during which mice had to remember the position of a piece of chocolate in a maze(迷宫). On three continuous chances, they were allowed to explore the maze and find their reward—including pauses of different lengths. “Mice trained with the longer intervals between learning phases(阶段) were unable to remember the position of the chocolate as quickly,” explains Annet. “But the next day, the longer the pauses, the better was the mice's memory.”
“If three learning phases follow each other very quickly, we naturally expect the same neurons to be activated,” Pieter says. “After all, it is the same experiment with the same information. But after a long break, we imagine the brain interprets the following learning phase as a new event and processes it with different neurons.”
However, the researchers found the opposite. In fast continuous learning phases, the mice activated mostly different neurons. When taking longer breaks, the same neurons active earlier were used again later. Reactivating the same neurons could allow the brain to strengthen the connections between these cells. With spaced learning, we may reach our goal more slowly, but we benefit from our knowledge for much longer.
1.How does the author mention the problem in paragraph 1?
A.By introducing a theory.
B.By telling a story.
C.By making an assumption.
D.By presenting a case.
2.Why did Annet and Pieter do the experiment?
A.To examine the influence of rewards on memory.
B.To explore how brain works during the spacing effect.
C.To confirm neurons' functions in the learning process.
D.To determine the best intervals between learning phases.
3.What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A.The surprising result of the study.
B.The serious limitation of the study.
C.The future goal of the researchers.
D.The major worry of the researchers.
4.Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A.Learn Better by Distributing Tasks
B.Remember More by Taking Breaks
C.Clearing Minds Aids People in Memory
D.Spacing Effect Patterns Work Differently
答案
[语篇解读] 文章主要介绍了一项新的研究成果:间隔学习可让知识记忆更长久。
1.D　2.B　3.A　4.B　

Passage 10 (2022浙江宁波二模)话题:自然环境保护
　　As new year approaches, crowds around the world may be expecting fireworks to light up the sky. But the fireworks could finally lose their appeal with the growing use of drones (无人机) for light shows. One obvious example was the drone light show in the opening ceremony of the Tokyo Olympics.
Ollie Howitt, a technician at SkyMagic, which used 300 drones to create a display for London's new year celebration, said demand had increased substantially. She added that drones were increasingly able to fly in greater density and for longer. Howitt also said there were benefits of drones, “They give out no pollutants, they're reusable, and there's no fallout or that kind of thing. So in that sense they are a very sensible choice.”
Robert Neff, the general manager at Mercia Harbor, also said the decision to use a drone display at the harbor was down to a number of factors, including the impact of fireworks on animals—from wildlife to the pets of boat owners. “They've often commented on how much suffering is caused to their pets by the fireworks,” he said.
But not everyone agrees. Hans Rosling, a spokesperson from the British Fireworks Association, said drones could also pose environmental problems. “Suggestions are that drones have less of an impact on the environment, but we have concerns about the electrical demand and use of lithium (锂) batteries which are known not to be all that ‘green’,” he said. “The impact of firework use on the environment has been shown to be minor and very short⁃lived and recent studies have suggested that there is likely to be more pollution from a couple of cars driving to an event than caused by fireworks at an event.”
And there are issues with drone light displays, which need to receive specific safety approval from certain authorities. Some suggest the use of drones doesn't mean shutting off fireworks. The bangs of fireworks create a sound feeling that is hard to replace. Meanwhile, others prefer the chance to tell stories in the sky by using a series of images.
1.Why does the writer talk about the Tokyo Olympics in Para. 1?
A.To attract readers' attention to the Olympics.
B.To advocate setting off fireworks in the new year.
C.To introduce the popular use of drones for light shows.
D.To highlight people's celebration of the opening ceremony.
2.What did Ollie Howitt think of drone displays?
A.They bring environmental problems.
B.They cause little suffering to the pets.
C.They add color to the new year celebration.
D.They are economical and environmentally friendly.
3.Which of the following did Hans Rosling agree with?
A.Firework displays last shorter than drone displays.
B.The pollution from fireworks isn't as much as people think.
C.Drones have less impact on the environment than fireworks.
D.People should abandon the drone displays because of lithium batteries.
4.Which of the following best describes drone light displays?
A.Controversial.　　　B.Green.　　　C.Dangerous.　　　D.Boring.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文主要介绍了人们对无人机灯光秀的不同态度。
1.C　2.D　3.B　4.A　
Passage 11 (2022河北衡水中学一模)话题:科技发展
　　Do you want to level up your mask⁃wearing while also looking like you're about to battle with Batman? This is life⁃wearing Razer Zephyr, a wearable air purifier. A version of Razer's latest appliance made waves in January during the Consumer Electronics Show.
It's no surprise that tech companies are considering a leap beyond the cloth and surgical masks that have come to define the COVID⁃19 pandemic. It has a hard shell with two straps(带子) to fit onto your head. There are two air exchange chambers (腔) on the front, featuring double circulating fans to help circulate cool air. The chambers feature N95 filters (过滤器) providing two⁃way protection for yourself and those around you. It's also transparent (透明的) with inside lights and an anti⁃fog coating to help solve one of the key issues with mask⁃wearing: watching mouths move when you speak.
Good as the mask appears, will it protect you from COVID⁃19? According to Razer, the mask was registered with the Food and Drug Administration and lab tested for 99% BFE, or Bacterial Filtration Efficiency, a measure of how well it filters out bacteria. “It is not tested specifically against the COVID⁃19 virus, but offers the same functionality and adequate protection due to its 99% BFE rating,” Razer's website says.
There's also the financial cost to consider. The mask itself is $99, and Razer sells a pack of 10 sets of N95 filters for $30. By comparison, a quick search for surgical masks on Amazon turned up a box of 50 masks for between $11-$14.
“I've tried out the $99 Zephyr for roughly a week now. Wearing the Zephyr feels comfortable. The adjustable head straps allow for the ideal fit. Above all, it feels breathable thanks to the air circulating through its fans,” one commented on Amazon.
1.Why is the Zephyr made transparent?
A.To fix lights inside.
B.To circulate cool air.
C.To test the anti⁃fog coating.
D.To expose mouth movement.
2.What can be inferred from the third paragraph about the Zephyr?
A.It's officially approved.
B.It's highly rated by consumers.
C.It's specially designed against COVID⁃19.
D.It's adequately protective against all viruses.
3.What might appeal to the buyer most according to the comment?
A.Its adjustable fans.
B.Its air circulating system.
C.Its comfortable head straps.
D.Its high but reasonable price.
4.What is the best title for the passage?
A.An Innovative Mask Makes a Hit
B.Surgical Masks Are Being Improved
C.Wearable Technology Changes Our Life
D.A New Treatment for COVID⁃19 Is on the Way

答案
[语篇解读] 文章主要介绍了一种透明的新型口罩,这种口罩可以净化空气并具有防护功能。
1.D　2.A　3.B　4.A　
Passage 12 (2022河北衡水中学一模)话题:健康的生活方式
　　Just like happiness and sadness, anxiety is part of everyone's lived experience—but it's not always tolerated as such. “People often spend too much time and effort trying to get rid of anxiety,” says Dr Joel Minden, a clinical psychologist. “I encourage them to remember that anxiety is a normal emotional response.”
If you try to banish anxiety, all you're doing is putting it more at the forefront of your mind. But if you accept anxiety as part of life, you can learn to relate to it with self⁃pity or even with humour. This is a cornerstone of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy(ACT), which has been gaining clinical validation, including by the American Psychological Association. ACT guides people to see their unpleasant emotions as just feelings and to accept that parts of life are hard. Sufferers are encouraged to begin a dialogue with anxious thoughts, examining their causes while also keeping their personal goals and values in mind.
This way of relating to anxiety has been a powerful strategy for John Bateman, the 52⁃year⁃old host of the podcast Our Anxiety Stories. When negative thoughts arise, he acknowledges them but doesn't let them drive his decisions. Over the years, Bateman has noticed that if he submits to his thoughts, they don't go away but dramatically increase. But if he recognizes them for what they are, just a passing thought and not a fact that needs to be acted on, they gradually go away.
Learning to live with anxiety is an individual process and one that requires trial and error to get just right. While acceptance is the first and most important step to take, some lifestyle changes have been proven to take the edge off, as well. Since tiredness, increased tension and stress leave us much easier to fall into anxiety, a well⁃balanced diet, sufficient rest and, especially, regular exercise can help us manage it better.
1.What may Dr Joel Minden agree about anxiety?
A.It goes hand in hand with joy.
B.It should be seriously taken.
C.It is easily⁃earned experience.
D.It is often improperly treated.
2.What can explain the underlined word “banish” in Paragraph 2?
A.Ignore.　　　B.Hide.　　　C.Recognize.　　　D.Remove.
3.Why does the author mention John Bateman in Paragraph 3?
A.To explain a strategy.
B.To describe a phenomenon.
C.To present a successful case.
D.To introduce a public figure.
4.What is advised to deal with anxiety in the last part?
A.Concentrating on the process.
B.Making lifestyle adjustments.
C.Avoiding exposure to pressure.
D.Learning to get things in place.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章主要介绍了一种心理疗法以及应对焦虑的建议。
1.D　2.D　3.C　4.B　
Passage 13 (2022河北石家庄质检)话题:科技发展
　　When someone damages their backbone, the injury can leave them paralyzed (瘫痪). Now, scientists have given three paralyzed men the ability to walk again, thanks to an implanted device.
The human backbone, or spine, doesn't just help us stand up straight. Inside the spine is the spinal cord, which carries important information between the head and the lower part of the body. This information moves around as bursts of electricity traveling between the brain and the other parts of the body. When the spinal cord is hurt, this pathway gets damaged and they can't move their legs.
Now scientists in Switzerland have given three paralyzed men the ability to walk again. To help them walk again, the men had surgery. A special device was placed directly on the lower part of their spinal cord, below their injury. This “implant” contained sixteen electrodes, which are small objects that electricity can pass through. The researchers made sure the electrodes were lined up with nerves that control the leg muscles. The scientists controlled the implant from a tablet computer.
The patient's brains aren't sending “walking” messages to their legs. Instead, the tablet tells the implant to send the walking messages. The researchers used computers to generate patterns of movement, like taking a step. The patient then uses the tablet to choose the pattern and the muscles move in the chosen way. Over time, the men were able to walk using a special walker with buttons to control each leg.
The solution isn't perfect. It's very expensive, it requires difficult surgery, and the patients can't walk without the system. But the scientists are hopeful that in the future, this sort of technology will allow many paralyzed people to begin to walk again in just hours.
1.What's the main function of the spinal cord?
A.It serves as a message carrier.
B.It helps people stand up straight.
C.It takes control of the muscles.
D.It produces signals for movements.
2.What is the implanted device expected to do?
A.Activate the damaged nerves.
B.Identify the position of the injury.
C.Test the degree of the damage.
D.Bridge the nerve gap made by the injury.
3.What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A.How the surgery is performed.
B.How the device works on patients.
C.How the patients walk without aid.
D.How movement patterns are designed.
4.Which can be the best title of the text?
A.Damaged nerves recover after surgery.
B.Tablets are used in a medical treatment.
C.The implant helps the paralyzed walk again.
D.Scientists made a discovery on backbones.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章主要介绍了科学家通过植入特殊装置让瘫痪者恢复行走能力。
1.A　2.D　3.B　4.C　
Passage 14 (2022湖北武汉二模)话题:乐于学习
　　Libraries are romantic places. The romance is that of reading, and the wealth of human imagining and learning that is contained in them. Access to the knowledge and literary art (poetry, fiction, drama)in a library is precious—and particularly valuable to young minds and people of any age with an interest in education.
It would be hard to find anyone who actively disapproves of libraries. But when it comes to reality, Britain's libraries are on less solid ground. The number of books borrowed in the year ending in March 2021 was 72.9m, down 56% on the previous year. Physical visits also collapsed, from 214.6m to 59.7m.
Of course, this is the behaviour that one would expect during a pandemic. Many libraries were closed during this period, while people were discouraged from unnecessary mixing. Book sales climbed to their highest in a decade in 2021, which suggests that some former users of libraries may have bought books instead.
Private libraries at home, whether large collections or single bookshelves, appear to be developing well. But the hope must be that visits and loans at public libraries will soon return to their former level too. Like any other service, libraries need users. And while booksellers might in one sense be regarded as competitors, in fact the vast majority of those involved in the trade, from publishers to poets, are library lovers.
This has something to do with the romantic idea of the reader as an explorer, with every book a door to a new store of feeling or understanding. But it also involves the recognition that if books are to form part of our life, there must be space in public for them. Books can be treasured possessions, but there is also something special about a copy that arrives in your hands having passed through those of others—and that will go on being passed between strangers who share your curiosity.
1.What has happened to British libraries?
A.They have been in a bad state.
B.They have become romantic places.
C.They have got great appeal for artists.
D.They have suffered great loss of users.
2.What has led to the home library boom in Britain?
A.People avoid close contact in public.
B.Many libraries have been pulled down.
C.People have access to affordable books.
D.More people disapprove of public libraries.
3.What does the author try to convey in the last paragraph?
A.Books are personal belongings.
B.Libraries are a paradise for adventurers.
C.Books should be attached importance to.
D.Libraries contribute to the human connection.
4.What is the main idea of the text?
A.Libraries will fade out of the stage.
B.Libraries will hold a promising future.
C.Booksellers benefit from libraries' collapse.
D.The pandemic has boosted British book sales.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章主要介绍了图书馆。
1.D　2.A　3.D　4.B　

语篇类型4·议论文
5年高考
A组　新高考卷题组
Passage 1 (2022新高考Ⅰ, B)话题:社会热点问题
　　Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula(芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much;I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month's cover story. It's jaw⁃dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away—from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
If that's hard to understand, let's keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time—but for him, it's more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished(有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted(腐烂) in fields. And the strawberries?Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
　　Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don't think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won't eat,” Curtin says.
1.What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?
A.We pay little attention to food waste.
B.We waste food unintentionally at times.
C.We waste more vegetables than meat.
D.We have good reasons for wasting food.
2.What is a consequence of food waste according to the text?
A.Moral decline.
B.Environmental harm.
C.Energy shortage.
D.Worldwide starvation.
3.What does Curtin's company do?
A.It produces kitchen equipment.
B.It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C.It helps local farmers grow fruits.
D.It makes meals out of unwanted food.
4.What does Curtin suggest people do?
A.Buy only what is needed.
B.Reduce food consumption.
C.Go shopping once a week.
D.Eat in restaurants less often.
答案
[语篇解读] 食物浪费就发生在不经意间,杜绝浪费至关重要,人人有责。
1.B　2.B　3.D　4.A　
Passage 2 (2022新高考Ⅱ, B)话题:科技发展
　　We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don't even realize it's new. For them, it's just normal.
This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2⁃year⁃old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. I had brought a children's book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures—a perfect match for his age. 
Picture this: my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures. As I read, he reaches out and pokes(戳) the page with his finger.
What's up with that? He just likes the pictures, I thought. Then I turned the page and continued. He poked the page even harder. I nearly dropped the book. I was confused: Is there something wrong with this kid?
Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger to books. His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. He thought my storybook was like that.
Sorry, kid. This book is not part of your high⁃tech world. It's an outdated, lifeless thing. An antique. Like your grandfather. Well, I may be old, but I'm not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit video and produce audio. I use mobile payment. I've even built websites.
There's one notable gap in my new⁃media experience, however: I've spent little time in front of a camera, since I have a face made for radio. But that didn't stop China Daily from asking me last week to share a personal story for a video project about the integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province.
Anyway, grandpa is now an internet star—two minutes of fame! I promise not to let it go to my head. But I will make sure my 2⁃year⁃old grandson sees it on his tablet.
1.What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2?
A.Provided shelter for me.
B.Became very clear to me.
C.Took the pressure off me.
D.Worked quite well on me.
2.Why did the kid poke the storybook?
A.He took it for a tablet computer.
B.He disliked the colorful pictures.
C.He was angry with his grandpa.
D.He wanted to read it by himself.
3.What does the author think of himself?
A.Socially ambitious.
B.Physically attractive.
C.Financially independent.
D.Digitally competent.
4.What can we learn about the author as a journalist?
A.He lacks experience in his job.
B.He seldom appears on television.
C.He manages a video department.
D.He often interviews internet stars.
答案
[语篇解读] 作者在给自己的孙子读故事书时感受到数码科技已经与日常生活融为一体,同时为自己没有落伍而感到欣慰。
1.B　2.A　3.D　4.B　
Passage 3 (2021新高考Ⅰ, D)话题:完善自我
　　Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional(情感的)intelligence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.”Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill⁃based emotional intelligence.
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims.Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers,educators and others interested in promoting social well⁃being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re⁃evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives(视角)from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
1.What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence?
A.It can be measured by an IQ test.
B.It helps to exercise a person's mind.
C.It includes a set of emotional skills.
D.It refers to a person's positive qualities.
2.Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?
A.To explain a rule. B.To clarify a concept.
C.To present a fact. D.To make a prediction.
3.What is the author's attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?
A.Favorable. B.Intolerant.
C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.
4.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence?
A.Its appeal to the public.
B.Expectations for future studies.
C.Its practical application.
D.Scientists with new perspectives.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章主要说明了情商的概念的普及及其作用。
1.D　2.B　3.A　4.B　
Passage 4 (2020新高考Ⅱ, C)话题:社会进步
　　In May 1987 the Golden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday party. The bridge was closed to motor traffic so people could enjoy a walk across it. Organizers expected perhaps 50,000 people to show up. Instead, as many as 800,000 crowded the roads to the bridge. By the time 250,000 were on the bridge, engineers noticed something terrible:the roadway was flattening under what turned out to be the heaviest load it had ever been asked to carry. Worse, it was beginning to sway(晃动). The authorities closed access to the bridge and tens of thousands of people made their way back to land. A disaster was avoided.
The story is one of scores in To Forgive Design:Understanding Failure, a book that is at once a love letter to engineering and a paean(赞歌) to its breakdowns. Its author, Dr. Henry Petroski, has long been writing about disasters. In this book, he includes the loss of the space shuttles(航天飞机)Challenger and Columbia, and the sinking of the Titanic.
Though he acknowledges that engineering works can fail because the person who thought them up or engineered them simply got things wrong, in this book Dr. Petroski widens his view to consider the larger context in which such failures occur. Sometimes devices fail because a good design is constructed with low quality materials incompetently applied. Or perhaps a design works so well it is adopted elsewhere again and again, with seemingly harmless improvements, until, suddenly, it does not work at all anymore.
Readers will encounter not only stories they have heard before, but some new stories and a moving discussion of the responsibility of the engineer to the public and the ways young engineers can be helped to grasp them.
“Success is success but that is all that it is,” Dr. Petroski writes. It is failure that brings improvement.
1.What happened to the Golden Gate Bridge on its 50th birthday?
A.It carried more weight than it could.
B.It swayed violently in a strong wind.
C.Its roadway was damaged by vehicles.
D.Its access was blocked by many people.
2.Which of the following is Dr. Petroski's idea according to paragraph 3?
A.No design is well received everywhere.
B.Construction is more important than design.
C.Not all disasters are caused by engineering design.
D.Improvements on engineering works are necessary.
3.What does the last paragraph suggest?
A.Failure can lead to progress.
B.Success results in overconfidence.
C.Failure should be avoided.
D.Success comes from joint efforts.
4.What is the text?
A.A news report.　　　B.A short story.　　　C.A book review.　　　D.A research article.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文是对Petroski博士的书《请原谅设计:理解失败》的评论,工程设计可能会因为某些原因造成失败,但失败才能带来进步。
1.A　2.C　3.A　4.C　
B组　全国卷题组
Passage 1 (2022全国甲, D)话题:社会进步
　　Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor. Then, one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there—broad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse population. But it is the harbor that makes the city.
Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living. I spent the whole morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor. After our third run Andrew shut down the engine, and we went our separate ways—he for a lunch break, I to explore the city.
“I'll miss these old boats,” he said as we parted.
“How do you mean?” I asked.
“Oh, they're replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they're not so elegant, and they're not fun to pilot. But that's progress, I guess.”
Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and progress are the watchwords(口号), and traditions are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city's official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. “Sydney is confused about itself,” she said. “We can't seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one. It's a conflict that we aren't getting any better at resolving(解决).”
On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions. I considered this when I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anthony. “Many people say that we lack culture in this country,” he told me. “What people forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2000 years of their culture, the Greeks some 3000 years, and the Chinese more still. We've got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a young country. It's a pretty hard combination to beat.”
He is right, but I can't help wishing they would keep those old ferries.
1.What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A.Sydney's striking architecture.
B.The cultural diversity of Sydney.
C.The key to Sydney's development.
D.Sydney's tourist attractions in the 1960s.
2.What can we learn about Andrew Reynolds?
A.He goes to work by boat.
B.He looks forward to a new life.
C.He pilots catamarans well.
D.He is attached to the old ferries.
3.What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney?
A.It is losing its traditions. B.It should speed up its progress.
C.It should expand its population. D.It is becoming more international.
4.Which statement will the author probably agree with?
A.A city can be young and old at the same time.
B.A city built on ancient cultures is more dynamic.
C.Modernity is usually achieved at the cost of elegance.
D.Compromise should be made between the local and the foreign.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章以悉尼为例,讲述了不同身份的人对于城市发展中传统与现代冲突的看法。
1.C　2.D　3.A　4.A　
Passage 2 (2022全国乙, B)话题:传记
　　In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N.Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one⁃room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted:The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff's granddaughter.
Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken.
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
In Wickenden's book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls' decision to go to Elkhead. A hair⁃raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed(牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy's return to Auburn.
Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism(坚忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: “When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”
1.Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains?
A.To teach in a school.
B.To study American history.
C.To write a book.
D.To do sightseeing.

2.What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3?
A.They enjoyed much respect.
B.They had a room with a bathtub.
C.They lived with the local kids.
D.They suffered severe hardships.
3.Which part of Wickenden's writing is hair⁃raising?
A.The extreme climate of Auburn.
B.The living conditions in Elkhead.
C.The railroad building in the Rockies.
D.The natural beauty of the West.
4.What is the text?
A.A news report. B.A book review.
C.A children's story. D.A diary entry.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文为一则书评,书中讲述了两名来自富裕家庭的女孩前往落基山脉的一处定居点教书的经历。
1.A　2.D　3.C　4.B　
Passage 3 (2021全国甲, D)话题:认识自我
　　Who is a genius?This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let's state clearly:Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us?And who are they?
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别) are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief:Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up?It doesn't take a genius to know the answer:absolutely not.
Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素) like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
1.What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club?
A.They're unfair.
B.They're conservative.
C.They're objective.
D.They're strict.
2.What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?
A.They think themselves smart.
B.They look up to great thinkers.
C.They see gender differences earlier than boys.
D.They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs.
3.Why are more geniuses known to the public?
A.Improved global communication.
B.Less discrimination against women.
C.Acceptance of victors' concepts.
D.Changes in people's social positions.
4.What is the best title for the text?
A.Geniuses Think Alike
B.Genius Takes Many Forms
C.Genius and Intelligence
D.Genius and Luck
答案
[语篇解读] 作者主要阐述了人们对天才的认知。
1.A　2.D　3.A　4.B　
Passage 4 (2020全国Ⅰ, B)话题:乐于学习
　　Returning to a book you've read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. There's a welcome familiarity—but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But books don't change, people do. And that's what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.
The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. It's true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it's all about the present. It's about the now and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight.
There are three books I reread annually. The first, which I take to reading every spring, is Ernest Hemingway's A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it's his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating(令人陶醉的), an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillard's Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble(随笔)about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cort?zar's Save Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cort?zar.
While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifts, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author's work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember, it's you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.
1.Why does the author like rereading?
A.It evaluates the writer⁃reader relationship.
B.It's a window to a whole new world.
C.It's a substitute for drinking with a friend.
D.It extends the understanding of oneself.
2.What do we know about the book A Moveable Feast?
A.It's a brief account of a trip.
B.It's about Hemingway's life as a young man.
C.It's a record of a historic event.
D.It's about Hemingway's friends in Paris.
3.What does the underlined word “currency” in paragraph 4 refer to?
A.Debt.
B.Reward.
C.Allowance.
D.Face value.
4.What can we infer about the author from the text?
A.He loves poetry.
B.He's an editor.
C.He's very ambitious.
D.He teaches reading.
答案
[语篇解读] 作者认为重读书籍是人们重新认识自我的重要过程。
1.D　2.B　3.B　4.A　
Passage 5 (2018全国Ⅱ, D)话题:社会交往
　　We've all been there:in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.
What's the problem?It's possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It's more likely that none of us start a conversation because it's awkward and challenging, or we think it's annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it's an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.
Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can't forget that deep relationships wouldn't even exist if it weren't for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. “Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk,” he explains. “The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.”
In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动) with its waiter;the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. “It's not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband,” says Dunn. “But interactions with peripheral(边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well⁃being also.”
Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. “Small talk is the basis of good manners,” he says.
1.What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?
A.Addiction to smartphones.
B.Inappropriate behaviours in public places.
C.Absence of communication between strangers.
D.Impatience with slow service.
2.What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?
A.Showing good manners.
B.Relating to other people.
C.Focusing on a topic.
D.Making business deals.
3.What does the coffee⁃shop study suggest about small talk?
A.It improves family relationships.
B.It raises people's confidence.
C.It matters as much as a formal talk.
D.It makes people feel good.

4.What is the best title for the text?
A.Conversation Counts
B.Ways of Making Small Talk
C.Benefits of Small Talk
D.Uncomfortable Silence
答案
[语篇解读] 本文介绍了闲聊(small talk)的重要性及其意义。
1.C　2.B　3.D　4.C　
Passage 6 (2018全国Ⅲ, D)话题:认识自我
　　Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings?The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less. 
I found the pre⁃holidays a good time to encourage young children to donate less⁃used things, and it worked. Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness. She chose to sell a few larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund(基金)(our kindergarten daughter is serious about becoming a doctor).
For weeks, I've been thinking of bigger, deeper questions: How do we make it a habit for them?And how do we train ourselves to help them live with, need, and use less?Yesterday, I sat with my son, Shepherd, determined to test my own theory on this. I decided to play with him with only one toy for as long as it would keep his interest. I expected that one toy would keep his attention for about five minutes, ten minutes, max. I chose a red rubber ball—simple, universally available. We passed it, he tried to put it in his mouth, he tried bouncing it, rolling it, sitting on it, throwing it. It was totally, completely enough for him. Before I knew it an hour had passed and it was time to move on to lunch.
We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together. He had my full attention and I had his. My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us.

1.What do the words “more is more” in paragraph 1 probably mean?
A.The more, the better.
B.Enough is enough.
C.More money, more worries.
D.Earn more and spend more.
2.What made Georgia agree to sell some of her objects?
A.Saving up for her holiday.
B.Raising money for a poor girl.
C.Adding the money to her fund.
D.Giving the money to a sick mother.
3.Why did the author play the ball with Shepherd?
A.To try out an idea.
B.To show a parent's love.
C.To train his attention.
D.To help him start a hobby.
4.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Take It or Leave It
B.A Lesson from Kids
C.Live More with Less
D.The Pleasure of Giving
答案
[语篇解读] 作为成年人,我们都理解身边用不到的东西太多给我们的感觉,但是我们却认为我们的孩子拥有的东西越多越好。作者在自己的孩子身上做了一个实验,证明了拥有更少的东西能生活得更好。
1.A　2.C　3.A　4.C　

3年模拟
Passage 1 (2023届江苏省泰州中学调研)话题:科技发展
　　Since the early to mid⁃2010s, social media apps have made a permanent home in many people's phones, and spending time on social media has become as much of a daily activity as drinking water. Since so many people are on it for much of their days—especially kids, teens, and young adults—there is increased concern over what social media is doing to people.
Many argue that social media is an unhealthy way to pass the time, and that false information from online is causing confusion and panic. This type of thing happens with every generation when something new that people don't understand comes along. So many people thought rock⁃and⁃roll was making teens morally bad, which really wasn't the case. It is fair to say that the teenage years are hard, and that teens need an escape. Back before phones, teens would listen to rock music as a form of escapism, or they would watch TV, go to the movies, skate around, or dress up in crazy clothes. Unfortunately, all of those things at one point in time were blamed for being a bad influence on young people. Social media is the new rock⁃and⁃roll: it's a new thing, and people demonize(妖魔化) change.
For example, many believe that everything on social media apps is filtered and that seeing perfect people and their perfectly edited lives often leads to lots of negative emotions. However, models, magazines and movies have been using retouching(修整) tools for photos and the media since Photoshop and other post⁃production services were invented. Social media has made it easier to see more edited pictures, but social media itself isn't making people want to look a certain way. People should acknowledge that these pictures aren't authentic, and the posts are made to look good on purpose. Social media is hot to blame for body confidence issues when the things people want to look like aren't even real in the first place.
It seems like most issues around social media are user errors, like anyone complaining there are too many people being addicted to social media. However, not everyone is addicted to social media; people who have any grasp on reality wouldn't spend every waking second on the phone. It is really up to the individual how they use social media. Keeping up with the flood of posts, stories, and photos takes a lot of time—many young people admit that they spend hours on their phones every day. Yet, this seems like an easy problem to solve when the solution is simply clicking off the phone a couple hours early. So it is clear that moderation is the key to dealing with all the issues around social media.
1.Why does the author mention “rock⁃and⁃roll” in Paragraph 2?
A.To predict the future of social media.
B.To underline the advantages of social media.
C.To analyze why social media is so popular today.
D.To explain why social media is regarded as negative.
2.What does the author think of posting edited photos on social media apps?
A.Disturbing.　　　B.Understandable.　　　C.Intolerable.　　　D.Innovative.
3.What does the text suggest people do about social media?
A.Make the best use of it.
B.Completely stay away from it.
C.Prohibit young people from using it.
D.Spend reasonable amounts of time on it.
4.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A.What makes us so addicted to social media?
B.Why is social media so popular among teenagers?
C.Should we depend on social media for information?
D.Is it right to blame social media for all the problems?
答案
[语篇解读] 文章论述了人们对社交媒体对人们产生影响的担心及个人看法。
1.D　2.B　3.D　4.D　
Passage 2 (2023届湖北黄冈9月调研)话题:人与动物
　　In a series of Instagram posts this week, the actress Kate Beckinsale shows her growing friendship with a fox in her mother's London garden, encouraging him onto her lap, feeding him bits of ham and naming him Peepo. It's as if Beckinsale is auditioning(试演)for the live⁃action of Snow White, commanding a series of forest animals at her fingertips.
Beckinsale—like pretty much one woman on every urban UK street—is a“fox breeder”. This troubles me. Not because of the old horror stories about city foxes stealing babies from their beds, but because it means that I have to accept that I'm not very cool. Foxes, on the other hand, are unbelievably cool. They were dubbed(配音) in Wes Anderson's stop⁃motion film Fantastic Mr. Fox by George Clooney.
To be anti⁃fox is to be with Dahl's boring rule⁃followers, Boggis, Bunce and Bean. To be pro⁃fox is to be with Ricky Gervais delightedly filming foxes partying in his Hampstead garden, or the DJ Annie Mac filming, this summer, a fox strolling into her kitchen from her London patio. The fox takes a cold glance at Mac sitting on the sofa, ignores her, and then cuts her shoe before loping off out the door.
London Wildlife Trust estimates that there are 10,000 foxes in the capital, and about half of them sleep in our garden. They have wandered into the house and learnt how to open the lock on our food waste bin—by rolling it over and over down the street at 2 am until the lid swings open.
A few days ago I was at my front door late at night, finding my key awkwardly, when a fox walked behind me. Even though her dinner plans—the food⁃waste picnic hamper—were right there, she seemed more interested in going to the house party without being invited. Only after I'd banged the door in her face did I feel safe. Do you still think it kind and safe to feed foxes?
1.Why does the author mention Kate and the fox in paragraph 1?
A.To attract her fans on Instagram.
B.To promote the live⁃action of Snow White.
C.To show that Kate is an animal lover.
D.To introduce the topic of the passage.
2.Who shares the same attitude with the author towards foxes?
A.Boggis.　　　B.Annie Mac.　　　C.Wes Anderson.　　　D.Kate Beckinsale.
3.What can we learn from the text?
A.Old horror stories make the author dislike foxes.
B.Wes Anderson starred in the film Fantastic Mr. Fox.
C.George Clooney is a voice actor in Fantastic Mr. Fox.
D.More and more people realize the danger of feeding foxes in the city.
4.What message does the author want to convey in the passage?
A.Foxes are pretty cool animals.
B.Foxes should be driven out of the city.
C.Feeding foxes in the city might not a proper action.
D.Foxes and human beings are living in harmony in the city.
答案
[语篇解读] 本文主要讨论了都市里是否应该喂养狐狸。
1.D　2.A　3.C　4.C　
Passage 3 (2022江苏苏州高新区第一中学一模)话题:人与动物
　　Tommy, a 26⁃year⁃old chimp(黑猩猩), lives in a small cage in a used truck sales lot in New York. Retired from movie work and whatever else once occupied him, he has no chimp friends to keep him company—just a TV. He is a world away from chimps in the rainforest of Western Africa, where chimps spend most of their lives in trees, hunting, and socializing together.
His owner hasn't broken any laws, but an animal rights group called the Nonhuman Rights Project(NhRP) is trying to change the view. The group says chimps have such humanlike intelligence that they should be recognized as “legal persons” and be placed in an animal shelter and wander freely.
You've probably heard the term “animal rights”, but animals don't actually have rights in many countries. Animal welfare laws punish people who mistreat animals, but that's not the same as chimps having a right to liberty or anything else.
The NhRP's first step is to ask a judge to end people's unjust arrest on behalf of Tommy and other privately owned chimps. If the court decides to recognize chimps as legal persons, the NhRP's next step will be arguing for what rights the chimps should be granted. “The right that we believe they should have most of all is the right to bodily liberty,” says Wise, a NhRP group member. “They should be able to choose how to live their lives.”
Tommy's owner, Pat Lavery, says he rescued Tommy from a careless owner about a decade ago and denies the chimp is mistreated or unhappy. “He likes being by himself,” he says.
“There's a danger in making a jump to say they're just like people,” says Richard Cupp, a professor who writes about animals and the law. “If we're really focused on chimps being very, very smart, then who knows if maybe someday we might...say, ‘Hey, here's a particular human being that's not very smart at all, maybe the chimps have higher status than this person.’”
1.What can we know about Tommy?
A.He is living a very lonely life.
B.He dislikes living in the rainforest.
C.He likes watching movies very much.
D.He was illegally bought by Pat Lavery.
2.What can we infer from the text?
A.Great progress has been made on improving animal rights.
B.Pat Lavery is thought to mistreat Tommy by the NhRP.
C.Animal rights are going from bad to worse.
D.Animal rights have been admitted in Western countries.
3.What's the final goal the NhRP wants to achieve?
A.To ensure chimps' bodily safety.
B.To stop illegal hunting of chimps.
C.To help chimps find their families.
D.To help chimps enjoy their freedom.
4.What's Richard Cupp's attitude towards the NhRP's efforts to win rights for chimps?
A.Hopeful.　　　B.Uncaring.　　　C.Worried.　　　D.Supportive.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章讲述了NhRP为黑猩猩争取自由权引发了争议。
1.A　2.B　3.D　4.C　

Passage 4 (2022四川成都七中一模)话题:健康的生活方式
　　When faced with the decision to get out of bed or have a few more minutes of sleep, which do you choose? Believe it or not, that decision could make a world of difference in the rest of your day.
About 85 percent of Americans use an alarm clock to wake up in the mornings, according to sleep researcher Till Roenneberg. And while there are no official numbers on snoozing(打盹), a quick survey of social media makes it clear that hitting the snooze button is a popular pastime(消遣).
As to how the snooze button will affect your day, scientists have mixed opinions. Some scientists think people who hit the snooze button in the mornings are actually clever, creative and happy while some say that hitting the snooze button will ruin your life, or at the very least your day. “I feel that hitting the snooze button has got to be one of the worst things that ever happened to human sleep,” researcher Jonathan Horowitz said. “The chances of you ‘snoozing’ and actually experiencing a meaningful rest are close to zero.”
According to some sleep experts, when hitting the snooze button, you are in fact confusing your body and mind, and throwing yourself into a deep state of being sleepy. The body needs some time to wake up. Therefore, when returning to what will be a light sleep for a brief period of time, you are putting your body back into the sleep mode before waking it again. At that point your body won't know what it wants, resulting in a sort of half⁃awake state.
If you really want to take advantage of an alarm clock, the key is to form a healthy sleep cycle. Focus your efforts on getting enough sleep each night and waking up at the same time each day so that when your alarm goes off you feel rested.
1.What can we infer about hitting the snooze button from Paragraph 2?
A.People do it just for fun.
B.It is a common practice.
C.People take it seriously.
D.It is a bit childish.

2.What do some sleep experts think of hitting the snooze button?
A.It is meaningful in the long term.
B.It makes people become lazy.
C.It brings us a sense of satisfaction.
D.It affects our body and mind.
3.What's the author's suggestion on getting the best out of alarms?
A.Making use of willpower.
B.Trying to relax ourselves.
C.Developing a good sleep habit.
D.Using an extra alarm.
4.What is the purpose of the text?
A.To introduce ways to keep refreshed in the morning.
B.To explain the relationship between the snooze button and people's character.
C.To discuss whether people should hit the snooze button.
D.To illustrate how to avoid the light sleep mode.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章讨论了人们是否应该按下小睡键。
1.B　2.D　3.C　4.C　
Passage 5 (2022江苏连云港二调)话题:人际关系
　　In the forest, trees often give each other space to reach for the sky, a habit that humans can learn from when it comes to setting personal boundaries.
Next time you go for a walk in a forest or woodland take a moment to look above you. You might find that the crown(树冠) resembles a breathtaking umbrella with channel⁃like gaps between the tops of the trees. This phenomenon has been documented worldwide since the 1920s, and is called “crown shyness”. It happens when trees appear to give each other space.
Even when trees grow close together, they show a mutual (相互的) respect and offer benefits. This is true in the case of “married” trees—where a tree intertwines(缠绕) with one resistant to disease, it shares the advantages of its friend. Maintaining healthy boundaries helps trees to maintain good health, manage resources and protect the forest as a whole.
When humans fail to respect boundaries, the emotional and physical resources of individuals, and the community can be affected. In this sense, a boundary is a conceptual border. It helps to establish where you end and other people begin. It means taking responsibility for only your own emotions and actions, not other people's. You could think of your boundaries as a moat (护城河)around your castle, complete with a drawbridge that can be lowered or raised. As the gatekeeper of your castle, you decide who or what comes in and when.
Of course, marking out boundaries takes time, and some people might be unhappy about any changes you make. Establishing a clear line between you and the rest of the world, however, is essential for building the self⁃worth and self⁃care needed to function at your best in relationships.
1.What is “crown shyness”?
A.A crown with channel⁃like gaps.
B.A forest with umbrella⁃shaped crowns.
C.A behavior that trees give each other space.
D.A phenomenon that trees compete for space.
2.How does the author develop Paragraph 3?
A.By telling a story.
B.By giving an example.
C.By defining a concept.
D.By making a comparison.
3.What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A.The effects of ignoring boundaries.
B.The meaning of taking responsibilities.
C.The importance of setting personal boundaries.
D.The methods of managing individual resources.
4.What is the author's attitude to marking out a boundary?
A.Favorable.　　　B.Intolerant.　　　C.Doubtful.　　　D.Conservative.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章主要讲述人与人之间要有界限。
1.C　2.B　3.C　4.A　
Passage 6 (2022广西南宁三中二模)话题:善于学习
　　A recent story in The Wall Street Journal looked at students who went to celebrated universities such as Columbia University and New York University, for advanced degrees in subjects like art, film and even social work. Many of the students said they learned a lot. However, when they graduated, they were deep in debt and did not think they would find work that would let them pay back their loans.
Students said they spoke with Columbia about the high cost of advanced arts degrees but never received a reasonable answer. Education experts say the school is very wealthy, with large funds. The University, however, prefers to ask the students to pay the full cost.
Kevin Carey is a higher education expert at New America, a public policy research center. He called master's degrees “a scam” in a conversation. “Charging people tons of money to go into any artistic career is often super problematic,” he said.
Castillo is an actor in New York City. He earned an MFA from The Actors Studio in New York City. Was his MFA worth the cost? “I do think it was worth it. I don't put a price tag on my education or my experience. I think it's sort of unfortunate that so many people take education for granted.” Castillo said students who are thinking about an advanced degree in art should be sure they are doing it because they value the education, not because they want money or to be famous.
Plazinska is a filmmaker in New York City. She attended graduate school both at Baylor University in Texas and at the University of Iowa. Arts graduate programs can help students meet and make friends with fellow artists with whom they can work throughout their careers. For school to be of value, students need to remember why they started choosing art in the beginning. “It's just for the pure pleasure of creating and fulfilling myself this way.”
1.What's the problem for students in famous universities for advanced arts degrees?
A.They can't take out loans.
B.They can't find any work.
C.They may be heavily in debt.
D.They may drop out of university.
2.What does the underlined word “scam” in paragraph 3 mean?
A.Way.　　　B.Trick.　　　C.Skill.　　　D.Game.
3.What does Castillo think of his MFA?
A.He thinks highly of it.
B.It's a waste of money.
C.He takes it for granted.
D.It brings him fame and money.
4.What can we infer from the last two paragraphs?
A.Arts graduate programs ensure a promising future.
B.Students had better consider whether they can afford the fee.
C.Arts graduate programs introduce celebrity artists to their students.
D.Students should stick to their original purposes while learning.
答案
[语篇解读] 文章探讨了学生是否值得花大量的金钱去获得艺术高级学位。
1.C　2.B　3.A　4.D