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山东省烟台市等2地2023届高三英语一模试题（Word版附解析）
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这是一份山东省烟台市等2地2023届高三英语一模试题（Word版附解析），共22页。试卷主要包含了考试结束后，只交答题卡等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2023年高考诊断性测试
英语
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，只交答题卡。
第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
UC Berkeley Youth Recreation Summer Camps
UC Berkeley Youth Recreation will provide a wide variety of one-week outdoor experiences and activities for the youth on summer camps 2023. Here are four best summer camps.
Windsurfing Camp
This camp is designed to teach students the basics of windsurfing, including balance and self-rescues. Through a combination of classroom instruction, demonstration and water time, campers are able to master the basics of the sport. A comfort with wind and water is strongly encouraged. Campers must be ages 10-17 to register. All campers must be able to swim and weigh 100 pounds or more to safely use public windsurfing equipment.
Price: $330. Those who have participated before can receive 10% off.
Sailing Camp
Campers learn and review the essentials of sailing at their experience level on the beautiful San Francisco Bay! 2023 brings exciting updates to the camp and helps sailors master new skills. Previous sailing experience is required. Campers must be ages 12-18 to register. All campers must have basic swimming skills.
Price: $255.
Skateboarding Camp
In this camp, skateboarders will learn mechanics and basic riding skills such as balance, riding switches, and dropping-in. Skaters will be assessed on the first day of the session and the lessons will be adapted to their ability. All participants are educated in skateboard safety. Campers must be ages 8-16 to register. Participants must bring their own skateboard, helmet (头盔) and knee＆elbow pads (护具).
Price: $300. $240 per person for group registration.
Rock Climbing Camp
Learn climbing skills, knot (结) -tying, top-rope climbing and equipment care. Sites include Strawberry Canyon, Remillard, Indian Rock and Cragmont Parks. Campers must be ages 9-15 to register. All campers can enjoy the bus service to and from the campsites.
Price: $275.
1. What is a must for the participants of Windsurfing Camp?
A. First aid knowledge.
B. Appropriate weight.
C. Previous learning experience.
D. Personal protective equipment.
2. What is special about Skateboarding Camp?
A. It is intended for primary pupils.
B. It’ll issue certificates of excellence.
C. It bases its lessons on campers’ levels.
D. It gives a 10% discount for group registration.
3. Which camp offers public transportation for camp-goers?
A. Windsurfing Camp.
B. Sailing Camp.
C. Skateboarding Camp.
D. Rock Climbing Camp.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍加州大学伯克利分校青少年休闲夏令营的情况。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Windsurfing Camp部分“Campers must be ages 10-17 to register. All campers must be able to swim and weigh 100 pounds or more to safely use public windsurfing equipment. (露营者必须年满10-17岁才能注册。所有露营者必须能游泳，体重100磅或以上，才能安全使用公共帆板设备。)”可知，Windsurfing Camp要求所有露营者必须有恰当体重。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Skateboarding Camp部分“Skaters will be assessed on the first day of the session and the lessons will be adapted to their ability. (滑冰运动员将在课程的第一天进行评估，课程将根据他们的能力进行调整。)”可知，Skateboarding Camp的课程以露营者的水平为基础。故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Rock Climbing Camp部分“All campers can enjoy the bus service to and from the campsites. (所有露营者都可以享受往返露营地的巴士服务。)”可知，Rock Climbing Camp给所有露营者提供公共交通。故选D。
B
Parenting styles have changed over the years in response to the rapid changes in the world. Whether it is tapping technology or applying the best parenting practices to meet a parenting need, parents nowadays generally invest more time in finding out how best to raise their children.
Modern parents often look to the internet and social media for parenting advice. The availability of resources has helped modern parents engage more in their children’s development, both academically and emotionally. Modem parents are also more eager to find out effective parenting methods to help them raise disciplined and confident children.
A modem parenting style that has emerged is helicopter parenting, where parents are much too focused on their children. They help children with tasks they’re capable of doing on their own, like selecting activities and friends for them, or calling their teachers about homework matters. Such a parenting style can hold back the development of the children’s ability to handle responsibilities independently. Children might be ill-equipped with life skills such as doing laundry (洗衣),clearing their plates or coping with their schoolwork. Always protecting children from failures may also prevent them developing adaptability and acquiring skills like problem-solving.
On the other hand, parents in the past tended to monitor less. Children were given more control over how to manage their schoolwork and choose their friends. Domestic helpers were also not the norm then, hence children of the past were often expected to shoulder the responsibilities of caring for younger brothers and sisters and managing housework. Living in the pre-internet age, parents were less informed about different parenting methods, and their parenting styles were guided more by their personalities, common sense and friendly advice from the extended family and neighbors, rather than by social media influences or parenting websites.
There is no one right way to raise a child. Each child is unique and should be raised differently by parents who are present but not wandering, who are supportive but not controlling, and who protect but not care too much.
4. What does the underlined word “tapping” mean in paragraph 1?
A. Employing.
B. Tracking.
C. Monitoring.
D. Identifying.
5. What is a distinctive characteristic of helicopter parenting?
A. Flexible.
B. Efficient.
C. Conventional.
D. Overinvolved.
6. What do we know about parents in the past?
A. They educated kids in a rigid way.
B. They overestimated their kids’ independence.
C. They afforded kids more space for self-growth.
D. They tended to stay away from social activities.
7. What does the text mainly tell us?
A. How to raise all-round children.
B. How to enhance parent-child bonds.
C. How parenting modes have shifted over the years.
D. How information technology boosts people’s lifestyles.
【答案】4. A 5. D 6. C 7. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了近些年来“育儿模式”的变化历程。
【4题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线词后面的内容“applying the best parenting practices(应用最好的养育方法)”可知，划线词与后文的applying构成并列结构，表示“利用技术”。故划线词与选项A为同义词，意为“利用”。故选A。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“A modem parenting style that has emerged is helicopter parenting, where parents are much too focused on their children.(一种现代的育儿方式是“直升机式育儿”，父母把太多的注意力放在孩子身上。)”以及“They help children with tasks they’re capable of doing on their own, like selecting activities and friends for them, or calling their teachers about homework matters. (他们帮助孩子们完成他们自己能够完成的任务，比如为他们选择活动和朋友，或者打电话给他们的老师讨论作业问题。)”可知，“直升机式育儿”的方式中，在孩子的活动中，父母参与的太多。故选D。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“On the other hand, parents in the past tended to monitor less. Children were given more control over how to manage their schoolwork and choose their friends. (另一方面，过去的父母往往监督较少。孩子们在如何管理学业和选择朋友方面有了更多的控制权。)”可知，过去的父母对孩子监督较少，给予孩子更多的空间。故选C。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Parenting styles have changed over the years in response to the rapid changes in the world.(多年来，随着世界的快速变化，育儿方式也发生了变化。)”以及通读全文可知，文章讲述的是近些年来的育儿模式发生的变化。C选项概括文章主题。故选C。
C
While it throws out about 90 pounds of food per person every year, Japan doesn’t rank at the top of the world’s list of wasteful nations. Still, what’s thrown away represents a serious problem for an island nation with limited landfill space and a goal of greater sustainability. Reinvention can offer an alternative. A Japanese company is taking vegetable peels, cooking oil and other used foodstuffs and making entirely different products.
Concrete is the most widely used construction material in the world, and its key element, cement, is a major polluter of greenhouse emissions. So what if a more sustainable alterative were possible by making cement with food waste, which also would help reduce greenhouse emissions from landfills where that waste would otherwise be thrown away? That’s the idea behind Fabula, a Tokyo-based start-up.
Researchers at Fabula created a recipe to make food concrete by drying leftovers and pressing them into a mold (模具) at a high temperature. The company, founded by researchers at the University of Tokyo, began with items commonly thrown away like cabbage and orange peels but found that almost any food item can be used. It now takes mostly coffee grounds and tea leaves to make its cement. The product’s durability depends on the components.
Fabula is currently producing made-to-order household items, such as coasters and dishes, while awaiting its patent. The goal is to make furniture and larger structures once the technology is able to make the cement more durable. Food production companies that can’t avoid generating waste during their processes have reached out to work with the company. “We hope to become a matching service between companies that have food waste and companies who want to build things out of such materials,” said Takuma Oishi, Fabula’s chief commercial officer.
Since the cement is 100 percent eatable, it could create opportunities during disaster response when temporary structures need to be built quickly. The people inside might even turn to them for food. If the technology advances enough, Oishi suggested, someday we may be able “to eat the homes or furniture when necessary”.
8. Which problem Japan faces is mentioned in paragraph 1?
A. Food waste.
B. Garbage littering.
C. Energy crisis.
D. Environmental pollution.
9. What’s the initial thought of Fabula?
A. Using food remains in recipes.
B. Finding a cheaper alternative to landfills.
C. Making a novel building material from leftovers.
D. Cutting greenhouse gases by recycling home devices.
10. What’s paragraph 3 mainly about?
A. The diversity of food sources.
B. The prospects of the company.
C. The innovation of a traditional cuisine.
D. The process of developing food concrete.
11. How is food concrete different from common construction materials?
A. It can fill stomachs.
B. It’s solid and lasting.
C. It can prevent disasters.
D. It’s delicate but cost-free.
【答案】8. A 9. C 10. D 11. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。对于日本严重的食物垃圾问题，东京初创企业Fabula提出用食物垃圾制作一种新型建筑材料。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段前两句“While it throws out about 90 pounds of food per person every year, Japan doesn’t rank at the top of the world’s list of wasteful nations. Still, what’s thrown away represents a serious problem for an island nation with limited landfill space and a goal of greater sustainability.(虽然日本每年人均浪费约90磅食物，但在世界浪费国家排行榜上却并不名列前茅。尽管如此，对于一个垃圾填埋空间有限、目标是更大的可持续性的岛国来说，被丢弃的垃圾仍然是一个严重的问题。)”可知，第一段中提到了日本面临食物垃圾的问题。故选A。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段前两句“Concrete is the most widely used construction material in the world, and its key element, cement, is a major polluter of greenhouse emissions. So what if a more sustainable alterative were possible by making cement with food waste, which also would help reduce greenhouse emissions from landfills where that waste would otherwise be thrown away?(混凝土是世界上使用最广泛建筑材料，其关键成分水泥是温室气体排放的主要污染源。那么，如果有一种更可持续的替代方法，用食物垃圾制造水泥，这也有助于减少垃圾填埋场的温室气体排放，否则垃圾就会被丢弃。)”可知，Fabula最初的想法是用食物垃圾制作一种新型建筑材料。故选C。
【10题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段第一句“Researchers at Fabula created a recipe to make food concrete by drying leftovers and pressing them into a mold (模具) at a high temperature.(Fabula的研究人员发明了一种配方，通过干燥剩菜剩饭，并在高温下将其压入模具中，使食物变成混凝土。)”和第二句中的“began with items commonly thrown away like cabbage and orange peels but found that almost any food item can be used(从经常被扔掉的东西开始，比如卷心菜和橘子皮，但发现几乎任何食物都可以使用)”以及第三句“It now takes mostly coffee grounds and tea leaves to make its cement.(现在它主要用咖啡渣和茶叶来制造水泥。)”可知，第三段主要是讲研制食品混凝土的过程。故选D。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Since the cement is 100 percent eatable, it could create opportunities during disaster response when temporary structures need to be built quickly.(由于这种水泥是100%可食用的，当需要快速建造临时建筑时，它可以在救灾过程中创造机会)”可知，食品混凝土与普通建筑材料的不同之处是它能填饱肚子。故选A。
D
A good conversation should proceed like a tennis match: players each take turns responding, knowing instinctively (本能) when to speak and when to listen. This kind of complicated and back-and-forth talk is often considered to be possessed only by humans. However, according to a recent study, animals also seem to know when to speak and when to listen.
The study involved over 300 animals including birds, mammals (哺乳动物), insects, and frogs which practice turn-taking behavior. These animals alternate their call and response in a similar way humans communicate. Monkeys, for example, often exchange calls to locate each other in the wild and figure out whether they know one another.
While forms of communication are mostly sound-based, several species have more creative forms of viewable communication. Baby monkeys let their parents know they want to be carried with arm gestures, while birds, insects and frogs can get their messages across through colorful displays.
Kobin Kendrick, the main co-author on the study, says that making comparisons among animals that take tums when communicating can give us a better understanding of how this feature evolved in humans and our ancestors. “We know very little about the evolution and origin of the human language, so any possibility of gaining insight into it is worth going after,” he says.
Additionally, while the idea of turn-taking might bring to mind a picture of orderly, well-mannered animals, Kendrick stresses that this isn’t always the case. Owl (猫头鹰) chicks may try to outdo each other by making louder sounds in an effort to attract favor from their mothers during feeding. “This can be seen as an exception to the rule, highlighting the importance of turn-taking in general,” says Kendrick.
One problem with the study is that researchers themselves don’t know how to communicate with others outside their particular species of interest. Kendrick stresses another goal of the study is to create a wider framework that can bring together all the different researches on turn-taking, allowing scientists to conduct more cross-species comparisons. “We all believe strongly these fields can benefit from each other, and we hope the study will drive more crosstalk between humans and animals in the future,” says Kendrick.
12. What can we learn about the turn-taking behavior?
A. It is a unique human quality.
B. It is an acquired athletic skill.
C. It occurs between familiar relations.
D. It features complexity and interaction.
13. Which of the following is a form of visual intercommunication?
A. Frogs show skin colors.
B. Bees release smells.
C. Eagles scream in the sky.
D. Monkeys exchange calls.
14. Why are “owl chicks” mentioned in paragraph 5?
A. To propose a definition.
B. To give a contrast.
C. To present an argument.
D. To make a prediction.
15. What aspect of research does the last paragraph highlight?
A. Research budget.
B. Research range.
C. Research frequency.
D. Research background.
【答案】12. D 13. A 14. B 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了一项新的研究发现动物似乎也能像人一样，知道在交谈中什么时候该说话，什么时候该听。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“A good conversation should proceed like a tennis match: players each take turns responding, knowing instinctively when to speak and when to listen. This kind of complicated and back-and-forth talk is often considered to be possessed only by humans.(一场好的谈话应该像一场网球比赛一样进行：球员们轮流做出反应，本能地知道什么时候该说，什么时候该听。这种复杂而反复的谈话通常被认为只有人类才拥有)”可知，我们能从轮流行为中了解到，它具有复杂性和交互性。故选D项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“While forms of communication are mostly sound-based, several species have more creative forms of viewable communication. Baby monkeys let their parents know they want to be carried with arm gestures, while birds, insects and frogs can get their messages across through colorful displays.(虽然交流形式主要是基于声音，但一些物种有更有创意的可视交流形式。猴子宝宝用手势让父母知道它们想被抱着，而鸟类、昆虫和青蛙可以通过彩色的展示来传达信息)”结合选项可知，青蛙展示皮肤颜色属于视觉交流的一种形式。故选A项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中“Additionally, while the idea of turn-taking might bring to mind a picture of orderly, well-mannered animals, Kendrick stresses that this isn’t always the case. Owl chicks may try to outdo each other by making louder sounds in an effort to attract favor from their mothers during feeding. “This can be seen as an exception to the rule, highlighting the importance of turn-taking in general,” says Kendrick.(此外，虽然轮流的想法可能会让人想到一幅有序、彬彬有礼的动物画面，但肯德里克强调，情况并非总是如此。在喂食过程中，猫头鹰雏鸟可能会试图通过发出更大的声音来吸引母亲的青睐。Kendrick说：“这可以被视为规则的一个例外，突出了轮流的重要性。”)”可知，第5段提到了“owl chicks”是为了和有序、彬彬有礼的动物画面做对比。故选B项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“One problem with the study is that researchers themselves don’t know how to communicate with others outside their particular species of interest. Kendrick stresses another goal of the study is to create a wider framework that can bring together all the different researches on turn-taking, allowing scientists to conduct more cross-species comparisons. “We all believe strongly these fields can benefit from each other, and we hope the study will drive more crosstalk between humans and animals in the future,” says Kendrick.(这项研究的一个问题是，研究人员自己不知道如何与他们感兴趣的特定物种之外的其他人交流。Kendrick强调，这项研究的另一个目标是创建一个更广泛的框架，将所有不同的轮转研究汇集在一起，使科学家能够进行更多的跨物种比较。Kendrick说：“我们都坚信这些领域可以相互受益，我们希望这项研究将在未来推动人类和动物之间更多的交流。”)”可知，最后一段强调了研究的目标，也就是研究范围。故选B项。
第二节(共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Settling down with a great novel enables you to consider ideas that might have never crossed your mind had you not chosen it in the first place.____16____If you have the urge and are curious about how to start a book club, it’s easier than you might think.
First find members. Reach out to your existing reading-loving friends and post a notice in your local library or bookstore. If you’re open to a more digital-friendly approach, put the word out about your new club via Twitter or Facebook.____17____
Then set group guidelines. To guarantee your new group is all on the same page, take time to discuss what you want to get out of regular club gatherings before your first official meeting. Will your time together be spent largely focusing on the novel at hand?____18____ While enjoying stimulating non-book conversation over coffee and snacks is in no way ill-advised, not everyone who signs up for a book club is willing to reject their novel for a cup.
____19____Books that work really well are the ones that help you reflect on self. They have lots of entry points for people so they probably have a good setting. Also, there’s great character development. Select something with the criteria, and you can please all kinds of readers.
As far as how often you meet, that schedule is up to your members to determine what’s realistic-plus how long it will take to complete the book. As for location, meeting up at your home is always an option.____20____Meeting at a public space like a bar can ease the pressure of entertaining.
A. Don’t feel bound to act as host, though.
B. Which scene has stuck with you the most?
C. Picking books may seem like the trickiest part.
D. You’ll gain a sense of community from book clubs.
E. Will refreshments ultimately be the most important?
F. You may get people beyond your daily contact to join your circle.
G. And sometimes you just want to discuss what you’ve read with others.
【答案】16. G 17. F 18. E 19. C 20. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何建立读书俱乐部提出了一些建议。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Settling down with a great novel enables you to consider ideas that might have never crossed your mind had you not chosen it in the first place.(静下心来读一本伟大的小说能让你思考一些想法，如果你一开始没有选择它，这些想法可能永远不会出现在你的脑海里)”以及后文“If you have the urge and are curious about how to start a book club, it’s easier than you might think.(如果你有这种冲动，并且对如何开始一个读书俱乐部感到好奇，这比你想象的要容易得多)”可知，本句是在说明后文提到的“这种冲动”的具体内容：想和别人讨论你读过的东西。故G选项“有时候你只是想和别人讨论你读过的东西”符合语境，故选G。
【17题详解】
根据上文“First, find members. Reach out to your existing reading-loving friends and post a notice in your local library or bookstore. If you’re open to a more digital-friendly approach, put the word out about your new club via Twitter or Facebook.(首先，寻找成员。联系你现有的喜欢阅读的朋友，在当地的图书馆或书店张贴启事。如果你愿意采用更友好的数字方式，可以通过Twitter或Facebook宣传你的新俱乐部)”可知，上文提到通过Twitter或Facebook宣传你的新俱乐部，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明这么做的原因：让你日常接触之外的人加入你的圈子，故F选项“你可以让你日常接触之外的人加入你的圈子”符合语境，故选F。
【18题详解】
根据上文“Will your time together be spent largely focusing on the novel at hand?(你们在一起的时间主要集中在手头的小说上吗？)”以及后文“While enjoying stimulating non-book conversation over coffee and snacks is in no way ill-advised, not everyone who signs up for a book club is willing to reject their novel for a cup.(边喝咖啡边吃零食，享受与书本无关的刺激对话并非不明智，但并不是每个参加读书俱乐部的人都愿意为了一杯咖啡而放弃自己的小说)”可知，后文提到了边喝咖啡边吃零食，可推测本句与上文并列，都是设问句，故E选项“茶点最终会是最重要的吗？”符合语境，故选E。
【19题详解】
根据后文“Books that work really well are the ones that help you reflect on self. They have lots of entry points for people so they probably have a good setting. Also, there’s great character development. Select something with the criteria, and you can please all kinds of readers.(真正有用的书是那些能帮助你反思自我的书。他们为人们提供了很多入口，所以他们可能有一个很好的环境。此外，还有很好的角色发展。选择符合标准的东西，你可以让各种读者满意)”可知，本段的主旨是关于书的选择的建议，故C选项“选书似乎是最棘手的部分”符合语境，故选C。
【20题详解】
根据上文“As far as how often you meet, that schedule is up to your members to determine what’s realistic-plus how long it will take to complete the book. As for location, meeting up at your home is always an option.(至于你多久见面一次，这个时间表由你的成员决定什么是现实的，再加上完成这本书需要多长时间。至于地点，在家里见面总是一个不错的选择)”以及后文“Meeting at a public space like a bar can ease the pressure of entertaining.(在酒吧这样的公共场所见面可以缓解娱乐的压力)”可知，本句是在针对上文提到的在家见面所提出的建议。故A选项“不过，不要觉得一定要当主人”符合语境，故选A。
第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Some years ago, I was stuck on a crosstown bus during rush hour. The bus was filled with cold, tired people____21____ with one another. Two men____22____ at each other for an unintentional push. An elderly woman got on, and nobody offered her a____23____. Anger was in the air; no____24____ could be found here.
As the bus approached Seventh Avenue, the driver’s words came from the speaker. “Folks,” he said. “I know you’ve had a(n)____25____ day and that you are depressed, but I will____26____. When each of you walks by before getting off, drop your____27____ into my palm (手掌). My route goes right by the Hudson River, into which I’ll____28____ them.”
It seemed as if a spell had lifted. Everyone burst out laughing, their faces shining with____29____. The passengers who had been____30____each other’s existence were suddenly grinning (咧嘴笑) at each other — is this guy serious?
At the next stop, just as____31____, the driver held out his hand, palm up, and waited. All the____32____passengers performed the gesture of dropping something into his palm. The driver____33____the same action at every stop that followed.
Occasionally we may sink into a grey world, but someone can ____34____it like a ray of light, showing us hope. What if we are the light?____35____, anyone possesses the power to shine on others’ dark days.
21. A. satisfied B. associated C. impressed D. annoyed
22. A. waved B. nodded C. barked D. shot
23. A. reminder B. seat C. ride D. choice
24. A. mercy B. fortune C. courage D. security
25. A. tough B. average C. important D. fruitful
26. A. make comments B. show up C. help out D. take risks
27. A. memories B. troubles C. faults D. tips
28. A. transform B. stretch C. accompany D. cast
29. A. envy B. greed C. pleasure D. pride
30. A. suspecting B. ignoring C. expecting D. appreciating
31. A. ordered B. promised C. requested D. reported
32. A. chosen B. fooled C. sitting D. exiting
33. A. repeated B. designed C. interpreted D. evaluated
34. A. divide B. explore C. reward D. brighten
35. A. However B. Instead C. Actually D. Consequently
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. A 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. B 31. B 32. D 33. A 34. D 35. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是一位公交车司机通过让乘客在下车前把烦恼放在他的掌心里，然后他把烦恼拿去扔掉来点亮乘客们的一天，使他们充满希望。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：公共汽车上挤满了又冷漠又累的人，他们对彼此很生气。A. satisfied满意的；B. associated相关的；C. impressed印象深刻的；D. annoyed生气的。根据上文“Some years ago, I was stuck on a crosstown bus during rush hour.”和下文“Anger was in the air”可知，因交通高峰期被堵在路上，公共汽车上挤满了又冷漠又累的人，他们对彼此很生气。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：两名男子因无意推搡而互相咆哮。A. waved挥手；B. nodded点头；C. barked大声嚷；D. shot射击。根据下文“an unintentional push”和“Anger was in the air”可知，乘客都恼怒对方，两名男子因无意推搡而互相咆哮。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一位老妇人上了车，没人给她让座。A. reminder提醒物；B. seat座位；C. ride乘坐；D. choice选择。根据上文“The bus was filled with cold, tired people”和“An elderly woman got on”可知，公共汽车上挤满了又冷漠又累的人，一位老妇人上了车，没人给她让座。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：空气中弥漫着愤怒；这里没有慈悲可言。A. mercy慈悲；B. fortune好运；C. courage勇气；D. security安全。根据上文“An elderly woman got on, and nobody offered her a____3__”可知，这里没有慈悲可言。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我知道你们今天过得很艰难，很沮丧，但我会帮你们的。A. tough艰难的；B. average平均的；C. important重要的；D. fruitful富有成果的。根据上文“tired people”可知，句子表示“我知道你们今天过得很艰难”。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我知道你们今天过得很艰难，很沮丧，但我会帮你们的。A. make comments评论；B. show up出现；C. help out帮助……摆脱困难；D. take risks冒风险。根据上文“you are depressed”可知，此处表示“我会帮你们的”，空格处是“帮助……摆脱困难”，呼应下文讲司机想办法让乘客们开心。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当你们每个人下车前经过的时候，把你们的烦恼丢在我的掌心。A. memories记忆；B. troubles烦恼；C. faults过错；D. tips建议。根据上文语境可知，疲倦的乘客们因堵车心烦意乱，导致车上弥漫着愤怒情绪，司机想缓和这种情况，所以司机是让乘客把他们的烦恼丢在他的掌心。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的路线正好经过哈德逊河，我要把它们扔进河里。A. transform使转化；B. stretch拉伸；C. accompany陪伴；D. cast扔。根据上文“drop your____7____ into my palm”可知，此处表示把烦恼扔进河里。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个人都笑了起来，脸上洋溢着喜悦的光彩。A. envy忌妒；B. greed贪婪；C. pleasure快乐；D. pride骄傲。根据上文“Everyone burst out laughing”可知，每个人都笑了起来，脸上洋溢着喜悦的光彩。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一直无视对方存在的乘客们突然互相笑了——这家伙是认真的吗？A. suspecting怀疑；B. ignoring忽视；C. expecting期待；D. appreciating感激。根据上文“The bus was filled with cold, tired people”和下文“were suddenly grinning (咧嘴笑) at each other”可知，乘客们一开始都很冷漠，不太可能会注意身边的人，司机提议后，一直无视对方存在的乘客们突然互相笑了。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：到了下一站，就像答应过那样，司机伸出手，掌心朝上，等待着。A. ordered命令；B. promised答应；C. requested要求；D. reported报道。根据上文“When each of you walks by before getting off, drop your____7____ into my palm (手掌). My route goes right by the Hudson River, into which I’ll____8____ them”和下文“the driver held out his hand, palm up, and waited”可知，到了下一站，就像答应过的那样，司机伸出手，掌心朝上，等待着接乘客们的烦恼了。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：所有要离开的乘客都做了一个把什么东西扔到他的手掌里的手势。A. chosen选择；B. fooled愚弄；C. sitting坐；D. exiting离去。根据上文“before getting off”和下文“performed the gesture of dropping something into his palm”可知，所有要离开的乘客都做了一个把什么东西扔到他的手掌里的手势。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：司机在接下来的每一站都重复同样的动作。A. repeated重复；B. designed设计；C. interpreted解释；D. evaluated评价。根据下文“the same action at every stop that followed”可知，司机在接下来的每一站都重复同样的动作。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：偶尔我们会陷入灰暗的世界，但总有人能像一线光明一样照亮它，给我们带来希望。A. divide分开；B. explore探索；C. reward奖励；D. brighten使明亮。根据下文“like a ray of light”可知，总有人能像一线光明一样照亮我们的灰暗世界。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：事实上，任何人都有能力照亮别人的黑暗日子。A. However然而；B. Instead代替，反而；C. Actually事实上；D. Consequently因此。根据下文“anyone possesses the power to shine on others’ dark days”可知，事实上，任何人都有能力照亮别人的黑暗日子，就像司机所做的一样。故选C。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In 1998, an eco-museum was established in Suojia Miao, Yi and Hui Township, China’s Guizhou Province. Consisting of 12 villages, including Gaoxing Village, the eco-museum is different from traditional ones. It isn’t enclosed by walls and____36____ it showcases is more than various collections.
Xiong Shaozhen, a 77-year-old resident of Gaoxing Village, weaves every day with a loom (织布机) in a wooden house, her daughter-in-law busy____37____( learn )the craft from her．“The costumes, language, music and even the way of production of the local community are all living ____38____(significance) exhibits,” said Luo Gang, head of the museum.
A decade ago,Gaoxing Village____39____(list) in a traditional Chinese villages catalog (目录).However,Luo found there were few looms left in the village.He____40____(apply) for a budget from relevant departments and invited professional craftsmen to produce looms for the villagers. He asked each villager that received the machine____41____(use)it and train an inheritor (继承者) of the local weaving technique. In addition, most of the old folk houses with their____42____(roof) made of straw needed regular replacement and Luo had their original appearance ____43____(restore).
There are 25 such eco-museums in the province, which are in line ____44____ sustainable development principles. Not only do they guide villagers to perform independent-management and activate their passion for preserving their traditional cultures, but they create more jobs and give ____45____boost to local tourism.
【答案】36. what
37. learning
38. significant
39. was listed
40. applied
41. to use 42. roofs
43. restored
44. with 45. a
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了贵州省彝族回族索家庙建立的生态博物馆。
【36题详解】
考查主语从句连接词。句意：它没有被墙包围，并且它展示的不仅仅是各种藏品。分析句子结构可知，空处引导的是主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，应该用what引导。故填what。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：77岁的熊绍珍是高兴村的居民，她每天都在一间木屋里用织布机编织，她的儿媳忙着跟她学习手艺。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定搭配：busy doing sth.意为“忙于做某事”。故填learning。
【38题详解】
考查形容词。句意：博物馆馆长罗刚说:“当地社区的服装、语言、音乐甚至生产方式都是鲜活的重要展品。”分析句子结构可知，空后是名词exhibits，所以空处应填形容词，significance的形容词是significant。故填significant。
【39题详解】
考查动词时态和语态。句意：十年前，高兴村被列入中国传统村落目录。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以list应该作本句谓语，主语是Gaoxing Village，两者间是被动关系，应该用被动语态，再根据时间状语a decade ago，应该用一般过去时。故填was listed。
【40题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：他向有关部门申请了预算，并邀请专业工匠为村民制作织机。分析句子结构，根据and可知。空处应是和invited一起作本句的并列谓语，所以apply也用一般过去时。故填applied。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他要求每个收到机器的村民都使用它，并培训当地编织技术的继承人。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定搭配：ask sb. to do sth.意为“要求某人做某事”。故填to use。
【42题详解】
考查名词。句意：此外，大多数稻草屋顶的老民居需要定期更换，罗刚也让他们恢复了原来的外观。分析句子结构可知，空前是是形容词性物主代词，所以空处应填名词，roof意为“屋顶”，为可数名词，此处应用复数形式。故填roofs。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，大多数稻草屋顶的老民居需要定期更换，罗也让他们恢复了原来的外观。分析句子结构，本句已有谓语动词had，所以restore应该用非谓语形式，逻辑主语是appearance，两者间是被动关系，应该用过去分词表被动。故填restored。
【44题详解】
考查介词。句意：全省有25个这样的生态博物馆，符合可持续发展原则。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：in line with意为“符合……的”。故填with。
【45题详解】
考查冠词。句意：他们不仅引导村民自主经营，激发村民保护传统文化的热情，而且创造了更多的就业机会，促进了当地旅游业的发展。析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：give a boost to意为“促进”。故填a。
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter发来邮件，请你推荐一部中国电影。请回复该邮件，内容包括：
1．电影介绍；
2．推荐理由。
注意：
1．写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Peter,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Peter,
Learning you’re interested in Chinese films, I’m glad to share with you one of my favorites. The Wandering Earth II, which was released during the Spring Festival, is an awesome science fiction film starring Jason Wu and Andy Lau.
What appeals to me are the grand scenes and touching plots. Faced with the solar crisis, the Chinese government and scientists shoulder the responsibility of protecting the earth, making joint efforts to keep human civilizations alive. The presented advanced technologies also impressed me and filled me with pride.
I strongly recommend you to enjoy the film which won’t let you down.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国朋友Peter写信推荐一部中国电影。内容包括：电影介绍；推荐理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
上映：release→ put on
了不起的：awesome→ amazing
吸引：appeal to→ attract
建议：recommend→ advise
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Learning you’re interested in Chinese films, I’m glad to share with you one of my favorites.
拓展句：Because I learn that you’re interested in Chinese films, I’m glad to share with you one of my favorites.
【点睛】【高分句型1】The Wandering Earth II, which was released during the Spring Festival, is an awesome science fiction film starring Jason Wu and Andy Lau.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】 Faced with the solar crisis, the Chinese government and scientists shoulder the responsibility of protecting the earth, making joint efforts to keep human civilizations alive. (运用了过去分词作时间状语以及现在分词作伴随状语)
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
With the start of new school, freshmen of Hendersonville High School in Nashville were excited to meet new classmates and teachers. Among them, however,15-year-old Sergio Peralta was feeling very nervous because his right hand had never fully formed since he was born. Going to a new school and being “different” is always scary. Sergio was particularly concerned with what his classmates would think of him.
Sergio’s parents had trained him to use his left hand from an early age. As he grew up, he was used to not using his right hand. He could write with his left one and do some things with special tricks or techniques. Despite this, in the first days of new school, Sergio always felt like hiding his underdeveloped right hand in his sleeve as if nobody would ever find out if he did so.
It didn’t take long for someone to learn Sergio’s secret. Jeff Wilkins, the teacher of Sergio’s engineering class, figured out that Sergio was missing part of his hand and decided to do something for the new student. Jeff had been leading a robotics project in the school and expert in 3D printing technology. Besides, he hoped to take advantage of this hands-on chance to help his robotics students learn more about engineering and how building a robotic hand worked.
So in his class, Jeff announced with great enthusiasm, “You’re supposed to be engineering, coming up with new ideas and solving issues. Now Sergio needs a new hand, so we’ll work together to build Sergio a robotic hand.” His words fueled everyone’s curiosity and creativity.
For the next four weeks, Jeff and his class including Sergio worked on the project. After some precise measurements and researches, the class put forward a design draft. Jeff made a few adjustments and gave them some practical suggestions. With access to online models and a 3D printer, they eventually created a robotic hand, which was intended to look good and work well, like catching something.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右;
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Then came the final testing day.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The life-changing gift for Sergio drew huge attention.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】范文
Then came the final testing day. The whole class gathered in the science classroom, watching breathlessly as Jeff carefully loaded their self-made robotic hand onto Sergio's right arm. It fitted quite well! So excited was Sergio that his arm trembled slightly. Having put a baseball on the desk, Jeff signed to Sergio to pick it up. Slowly, Sergio extended his right hand and reached for the ball. Successfully he caught hold of it and everyone present broke into cheers! Holding the ball, Sergio couldn't contain his tears. Never in his life did he expect to catch something with his right hand!
The life-changing gift for Sergio drew huge attention. Jeff and his students became an instant hit and various media competed to cover the news. When interviewed about the intention of the project, Jeff said, “I intended Sergio's robotic hand to show our support for him. Meanwhile, I hope to foster students' scientific spirit through this hands-on operation.” His students stated that Jeff challenged them to transform abstract concepts into reality, from which they benefited greatly. Soon voluntary donations poured in, which would go to the school's scientific research and help students develop better.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Sergio因为有残疾的右手在新学校感到紧张，他特别关心同学们对他的看法。但是没过多久就有人知道了Sergio的秘密，工程课的老师Jeff Wilkins发现Sergio的手少了一部分，于是决定为这个新生做点什么。经过他的努力，成功为Sergio制作了一副机械手。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“然后到了最后的测试日。”可知，第一段可描写Sergio使用机械手的情况以及同学的反应。
②由第二段首句内容“这份改变Sergio一生的礼物引起了广泛关注。”可知，第二段可描写这份礼物对学生和学校的影响。
2.续写线索：测试——成功——欢呼——引起关注——报道——捐款
3.词汇激活
行类
放置：put /place
延长：extend/ stretch
控制：contain /hold back
情绪类
激动：excited /thrilled
各种各样：various / miscellaneous
【点睛】[高分句型1] The whole class gathered in the science classroom, watching breathlessly as Jeff carefully loaded their self-made robotic hand onto Sergio's right arm. (运用了现在分词作状语)
[高分句型2] So excited was Sergio that his arm trembled slightly. (运用了部分倒装)
2023年高考诊断性测试
英语
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，只交答题卡。
第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
UC Berkeley Youth Recreation Summer Camps
UC Berkeley Youth Recreation will provide a wide variety of one-week outdoor experiences and activities for the youth on summer camps 2023. Here are four best summer camps.
Windsurfing Camp
This camp is designed to teach students the basics of windsurfing, including balance and self-rescues. Through a combination of classroom instruction, demonstration and water time, campers are able to master the basics of the sport. A comfort with wind and water is strongly encouraged. Campers must be ages 10-17 to register. All campers must be able to swim and weigh 100 pounds or more to safely use public windsurfing equipment.
Price: $330. Those who have participated before can receive 10% off.
Sailing Camp
Campers learn and review the essentials of sailing at their experience level on the beautiful San Francisco Bay! 2023 brings exciting updates to the camp and helps sailors master new skills. Previous sailing experience is required. Campers must be ages 12-18 to register. All campers must have basic swimming skills.
Price: $255.
Skateboarding Camp
In this camp, skateboarders will learn mechanics and basic riding skills such as balance, riding switches, and dropping-in. Skaters will be assessed on the first day of the session and the lessons will be adapted to their ability. All participants are educated in skateboard safety. Campers must be ages 8-16 to register. Participants must bring their own skateboard, helmet (头盔) and knee＆elbow pads (护具).
Price: $300. $240 per person for group registration.
Rock Climbing Camp
Learn climbing skills, knot (结) -tying, top-rope climbing and equipment care. Sites include Strawberry Canyon, Remillard, Indian Rock and Cragmont Parks. Campers must be ages 9-15 to register. All campers can enjoy the bus service to and from the campsites.
Price: $275.
1. What is a must for the participants of Windsurfing Camp?
A. First aid knowledge.
B. Appropriate weight.
C. Previous learning experience.
D. Personal protective equipment.
2. What is special about Skateboarding Camp?
A. It is intended for primary pupils.
B. It’ll issue certificates of excellence.
C. It bases its lessons on campers’ levels.
D. It gives a 10% discount for group registration.
3. Which camp offers public transportation for camp-goers?
A. Windsurfing Camp.
B. Sailing Camp.
C. Skateboarding Camp.
D. Rock Climbing Camp.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍加州大学伯克利分校青少年休闲夏令营的情况。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Windsurfing Camp部分“Campers must be ages 10-17 to register. All campers must be able to swim and weigh 100 pounds or more to safely use public windsurfing equipment. (露营者必须年满10-17岁才能注册。所有露营者必须能游泳，体重100磅或以上，才能安全使用公共帆板设备。)”可知，Windsurfing Camp要求所有露营者必须有恰当体重。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Skateboarding Camp部分“Skaters will be assessed on the first day of the session and the lessons will be adapted to their ability. (滑冰运动员将在课程的第一天进行评估，课程将根据他们的能力进行调整。)”可知，Skateboarding Camp的课程以露营者的水平为基础。故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Rock Climbing Camp部分“All campers can enjoy the bus service to and from the campsites. (所有露营者都可以享受往返露营地的巴士服务。)”可知，Rock Climbing Camp给所有露营者提供公共交通。故选D。
B
Parenting styles have changed over the years in response to the rapid changes in the world. Whether it is tapping technology or applying the best parenting practices to meet a parenting need, parents nowadays generally invest more time in finding out how best to raise their children.
Modern parents often look to the internet and social media for parenting advice. The availability of resources has helped modern parents engage more in their children’s development, both academically and emotionally. Modem parents are also more eager to find out effective parenting methods to help them raise disciplined and confident children.
A modem parenting style that has emerged is helicopter parenting, where parents are much too focused on their children. They help children with tasks they’re capable of doing on their own, like selecting activities and friends for them, or calling their teachers about homework matters. Such a parenting style can hold back the development of the children’s ability to handle responsibilities independently. Children might be ill-equipped with life skills such as doing laundry (洗衣),clearing their plates or coping with their schoolwork. Always protecting children from failures may also prevent them developing adaptability and acquiring skills like problem-solving.
On the other hand, parents in the past tended to monitor less. Children were given more control over how to manage their schoolwork and choose their friends. Domestic helpers were also not the norm then, hence children of the past were often expected to shoulder the responsibilities of caring for younger brothers and sisters and managing housework. Living in the pre-internet age, parents were less informed about different parenting methods, and their parenting styles were guided more by their personalities, common sense and friendly advice from the extended family and neighbors, rather than by social media influences or parenting websites.
There is no one right way to raise a child. Each child is unique and should be raised differently by parents who are present but not wandering, who are supportive but not controlling, and who protect but not care too much.
4. What does the underlined word “tapping” mean in paragraph 1?
A. Employing.
B. Tracking.
C. Monitoring.
D. Identifying.
5. What is a distinctive characteristic of helicopter parenting?
A. Flexible.
B. Efficient.
C. Conventional.
D. Overinvolved.
6. What do we know about parents in the past?
A. They educated kids in a rigid way.
B. They overestimated their kids’ independence.
C. They afforded kids more space for self-growth.
D. They tended to stay away from social activities.
7. What does the text mainly tell us?
A. How to raise all-round children.
B. How to enhance parent-child bonds.
C. How parenting modes have shifted over the years.
D. How information technology boosts people’s lifestyles.
【答案】4. A 5. D 6. C 7. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了近些年来“育儿模式”的变化历程。
【4题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线词后面的内容“applying the best parenting practices(应用最好的养育方法)”可知，划线词与后文的applying构成并列结构，表示“利用技术”。故划线词与选项A为同义词，意为“利用”。故选A。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“A modem parenting style that has emerged is helicopter parenting, where parents are much too focused on their children.(一种现代的育儿方式是“直升机式育儿”，父母把太多的注意力放在孩子身上。)”以及“They help children with tasks they’re capable of doing on their own, like selecting activities and friends for them, or calling their teachers about homework matters. (他们帮助孩子们完成他们自己能够完成的任务，比如为他们选择活动和朋友，或者打电话给他们的老师讨论作业问题。)”可知，“直升机式育儿”的方式中，在孩子的活动中，父母参与的太多。故选D。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“On the other hand, parents in the past tended to monitor less. Children were given more control over how to manage their schoolwork and choose their friends. (另一方面，过去的父母往往监督较少。孩子们在如何管理学业和选择朋友方面有了更多的控制权。)”可知，过去的父母对孩子监督较少，给予孩子更多的空间。故选C。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Parenting styles have changed over the years in response to the rapid changes in the world.(多年来，随着世界的快速变化，育儿方式也发生了变化。)”以及通读全文可知，文章讲述的是近些年来的育儿模式发生的变化。C选项概括文章主题。故选C。
C
While it throws out about 90 pounds of food per person every year, Japan doesn’t rank at the top of the world’s list of wasteful nations. Still, what’s thrown away represents a serious problem for an island nation with limited landfill space and a goal of greater sustainability. Reinvention can offer an alternative. A Japanese company is taking vegetable peels, cooking oil and other used foodstuffs and making entirely different products.
Concrete is the most widely used construction material in the world, and its key element, cement, is a major polluter of greenhouse emissions. So what if a more sustainable alterative were possible by making cement with food waste, which also would help reduce greenhouse emissions from landfills where that waste would otherwise be thrown away? That’s the idea behind Fabula, a Tokyo-based start-up.
Researchers at Fabula created a recipe to make food concrete by drying leftovers and pressing them into a mold (模具) at a high temperature. The company, founded by researchers at the University of Tokyo, began with items commonly thrown away like cabbage and orange peels but found that almost any food item can be used. It now takes mostly coffee grounds and tea leaves to make its cement. The product’s durability depends on the components.
Fabula is currently producing made-to-order household items, such as coasters and dishes, while awaiting its patent. The goal is to make furniture and larger structures once the technology is able to make the cement more durable. Food production companies that can’t avoid generating waste during their processes have reached out to work with the company. “We hope to become a matching service between companies that have food waste and companies who want to build things out of such materials,” said Takuma Oishi, Fabula’s chief commercial officer.
Since the cement is 100 percent eatable, it could create opportunities during disaster response when temporary structures need to be built quickly. The people inside might even turn to them for food. If the technology advances enough, Oishi suggested, someday we may be able “to eat the homes or furniture when necessary”.
8. Which problem Japan faces is mentioned in paragraph 1?
A. Food waste.
B. Garbage littering.
C. Energy crisis.
D. Environmental pollution.
9. What’s the initial thought of Fabula?
A. Using food remains in recipes.
B. Finding a cheaper alternative to landfills.
C. Making a novel building material from leftovers.
D. Cutting greenhouse gases by recycling home devices.
10. What’s paragraph 3 mainly about?
A. The diversity of food sources.
B. The prospects of the company.
C. The innovation of a traditional cuisine.
D. The process of developing food concrete.
11. How is food concrete different from common construction materials?
A. It can fill stomachs.
B. It’s solid and lasting.
C. It can prevent disasters.
D. It’s delicate but cost-free.
【答案】8. A 9. C 10. D 11. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。对于日本严重的食物垃圾问题，东京初创企业Fabula提出用食物垃圾制作一种新型建筑材料。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段前两句“While it throws out about 90 pounds of food per person every year, Japan doesn’t rank at the top of the world’s list of wasteful nations. Still, what’s thrown away represents a serious problem for an island nation with limited landfill space and a goal of greater sustainability.(虽然日本每年人均浪费约90磅食物，但在世界浪费国家排行榜上却并不名列前茅。尽管如此，对于一个垃圾填埋空间有限、目标是更大的可持续性的岛国来说，被丢弃的垃圾仍然是一个严重的问题。)”可知，第一段中提到了日本面临食物垃圾的问题。故选A。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段前两句“Concrete is the most widely used construction material in the world, and its key element, cement, is a major polluter of greenhouse emissions. So what if a more sustainable alterative were possible by making cement with food waste, which also would help reduce greenhouse emissions from landfills where that waste would otherwise be thrown away?(混凝土是世界上使用最广泛建筑材料，其关键成分水泥是温室气体排放的主要污染源。那么，如果有一种更可持续的替代方法，用食物垃圾制造水泥，这也有助于减少垃圾填埋场的温室气体排放，否则垃圾就会被丢弃。)”可知，Fabula最初的想法是用食物垃圾制作一种新型建筑材料。故选C。
【10题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段第一句“Researchers at Fabula created a recipe to make food concrete by drying leftovers and pressing them into a mold (模具) at a high temperature.(Fabula的研究人员发明了一种配方，通过干燥剩菜剩饭，并在高温下将其压入模具中，使食物变成混凝土。)”和第二句中的“began with items commonly thrown away like cabbage and orange peels but found that almost any food item can be used(从经常被扔掉的东西开始，比如卷心菜和橘子皮，但发现几乎任何食物都可以使用)”以及第三句“It now takes mostly coffee grounds and tea leaves to make its cement.(现在它主要用咖啡渣和茶叶来制造水泥。)”可知，第三段主要是讲研制食品混凝土的过程。故选D。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Since the cement is 100 percent eatable, it could create opportunities during disaster response when temporary structures need to be built quickly.(由于这种水泥是100%可食用的，当需要快速建造临时建筑时，它可以在救灾过程中创造机会)”可知，食品混凝土与普通建筑材料的不同之处是它能填饱肚子。故选A。
D
A good conversation should proceed like a tennis match: players each take turns responding, knowing instinctively (本能) when to speak and when to listen. This kind of complicated and back-and-forth talk is often considered to be possessed only by humans. However, according to a recent study, animals also seem to know when to speak and when to listen.
The study involved over 300 animals including birds, mammals (哺乳动物), insects, and frogs which practice turn-taking behavior. These animals alternate their call and response in a similar way humans communicate. Monkeys, for example, often exchange calls to locate each other in the wild and figure out whether they know one another.
While forms of communication are mostly sound-based, several species have more creative forms of viewable communication. Baby monkeys let their parents know they want to be carried with arm gestures, while birds, insects and frogs can get their messages across through colorful displays.
Kobin Kendrick, the main co-author on the study, says that making comparisons among animals that take tums when communicating can give us a better understanding of how this feature evolved in humans and our ancestors. “We know very little about the evolution and origin of the human language, so any possibility of gaining insight into it is worth going after,” he says.
Additionally, while the idea of turn-taking might bring to mind a picture of orderly, well-mannered animals, Kendrick stresses that this isn’t always the case. Owl (猫头鹰) chicks may try to outdo each other by making louder sounds in an effort to attract favor from their mothers during feeding. “This can be seen as an exception to the rule, highlighting the importance of turn-taking in general,” says Kendrick.
One problem with the study is that researchers themselves don’t know how to communicate with others outside their particular species of interest. Kendrick stresses another goal of the study is to create a wider framework that can bring together all the different researches on turn-taking, allowing scientists to conduct more cross-species comparisons. “We all believe strongly these fields can benefit from each other, and we hope the study will drive more crosstalk between humans and animals in the future,” says Kendrick.
12. What can we learn about the turn-taking behavior?
A. It is a unique human quality.
B. It is an acquired athletic skill.
C. It occurs between familiar relations.
D. It features complexity and interaction.
13. Which of the following is a form of visual intercommunication?
A. Frogs show skin colors.
B. Bees release smells.
C. Eagles scream in the sky.
D. Monkeys exchange calls.
14. Why are “owl chicks” mentioned in paragraph 5?
A. To propose a definition.
B. To give a contrast.
C. To present an argument.
D. To make a prediction.
15. What aspect of research does the last paragraph highlight?
A. Research budget.
B. Research range.
C. Research frequency.
D. Research background.
【答案】12. D 13. A 14. B 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了一项新的研究发现动物似乎也能像人一样，知道在交谈中什么时候该说话，什么时候该听。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“A good conversation should proceed like a tennis match: players each take turns responding, knowing instinctively when to speak and when to listen. This kind of complicated and back-and-forth talk is often considered to be possessed only by humans.(一场好的谈话应该像一场网球比赛一样进行：球员们轮流做出反应，本能地知道什么时候该说，什么时候该听。这种复杂而反复的谈话通常被认为只有人类才拥有)”可知，我们能从轮流行为中了解到，它具有复杂性和交互性。故选D项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“While forms of communication are mostly sound-based, several species have more creative forms of viewable communication. Baby monkeys let their parents know they want to be carried with arm gestures, while birds, insects and frogs can get their messages across through colorful displays.(虽然交流形式主要是基于声音，但一些物种有更有创意的可视交流形式。猴子宝宝用手势让父母知道它们想被抱着，而鸟类、昆虫和青蛙可以通过彩色的展示来传达信息)”结合选项可知，青蛙展示皮肤颜色属于视觉交流的一种形式。故选A项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中“Additionally, while the idea of turn-taking might bring to mind a picture of orderly, well-mannered animals, Kendrick stresses that this isn’t always the case. Owl chicks may try to outdo each other by making louder sounds in an effort to attract favor from their mothers during feeding. “This can be seen as an exception to the rule, highlighting the importance of turn-taking in general,” says Kendrick.(此外，虽然轮流的想法可能会让人想到一幅有序、彬彬有礼的动物画面，但肯德里克强调，情况并非总是如此。在喂食过程中，猫头鹰雏鸟可能会试图通过发出更大的声音来吸引母亲的青睐。Kendrick说：“这可以被视为规则的一个例外，突出了轮流的重要性。”)”可知，第5段提到了“owl chicks”是为了和有序、彬彬有礼的动物画面做对比。故选B项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“One problem with the study is that researchers themselves don’t know how to communicate with others outside their particular species of interest. Kendrick stresses another goal of the study is to create a wider framework that can bring together all the different researches on turn-taking, allowing scientists to conduct more cross-species comparisons. “We all believe strongly these fields can benefit from each other, and we hope the study will drive more crosstalk between humans and animals in the future,” says Kendrick.(这项研究的一个问题是，研究人员自己不知道如何与他们感兴趣的特定物种之外的其他人交流。Kendrick强调，这项研究的另一个目标是创建一个更广泛的框架，将所有不同的轮转研究汇集在一起，使科学家能够进行更多的跨物种比较。Kendrick说：“我们都坚信这些领域可以相互受益，我们希望这项研究将在未来推动人类和动物之间更多的交流。”)”可知，最后一段强调了研究的目标，也就是研究范围。故选B项。
第二节(共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Settling down with a great novel enables you to consider ideas that might have never crossed your mind had you not chosen it in the first place.____16____If you have the urge and are curious about how to start a book club, it’s easier than you might think.
First find members. Reach out to your existing reading-loving friends and post a notice in your local library or bookstore. If you’re open to a more digital-friendly approach, put the word out about your new club via Twitter or Facebook.____17____
Then set group guidelines. To guarantee your new group is all on the same page, take time to discuss what you want to get out of regular club gatherings before your first official meeting. Will your time together be spent largely focusing on the novel at hand?____18____ While enjoying stimulating non-book conversation over coffee and snacks is in no way ill-advised, not everyone who signs up for a book club is willing to reject their novel for a cup.
____19____Books that work really well are the ones that help you reflect on self. They have lots of entry points for people so they probably have a good setting. Also, there’s great character development. Select something with the criteria, and you can please all kinds of readers.
As far as how often you meet, that schedule is up to your members to determine what’s realistic-plus how long it will take to complete the book. As for location, meeting up at your home is always an option.____20____Meeting at a public space like a bar can ease the pressure of entertaining.
A. Don’t feel bound to act as host, though.
B. Which scene has stuck with you the most?
C. Picking books may seem like the trickiest part.
D. You’ll gain a sense of community from book clubs.
E. Will refreshments ultimately be the most important?
F. You may get people beyond your daily contact to join your circle.
G. And sometimes you just want to discuss what you’ve read with others.
【答案】16. G 17. F 18. E 19. C 20. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何建立读书俱乐部提出了一些建议。
【16题详解】
根据上文“Settling down with a great novel enables you to consider ideas that might have never crossed your mind had you not chosen it in the first place.(静下心来读一本伟大的小说能让你思考一些想法，如果你一开始没有选择它，这些想法可能永远不会出现在你的脑海里)”以及后文“If you have the urge and are curious about how to start a book club, it’s easier than you might think.(如果你有这种冲动，并且对如何开始一个读书俱乐部感到好奇，这比你想象的要容易得多)”可知，本句是在说明后文提到的“这种冲动”的具体内容：想和别人讨论你读过的东西。故G选项“有时候你只是想和别人讨论你读过的东西”符合语境，故选G。
【17题详解】
根据上文“First, find members. Reach out to your existing reading-loving friends and post a notice in your local library or bookstore. If you’re open to a more digital-friendly approach, put the word out about your new club via Twitter or Facebook.(首先，寻找成员。联系你现有的喜欢阅读的朋友，在当地的图书馆或书店张贴启事。如果你愿意采用更友好的数字方式，可以通过Twitter或Facebook宣传你的新俱乐部)”可知，上文提到通过Twitter或Facebook宣传你的新俱乐部，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明这么做的原因：让你日常接触之外的人加入你的圈子，故F选项“你可以让你日常接触之外的人加入你的圈子”符合语境，故选F。
【18题详解】
根据上文“Will your time together be spent largely focusing on the novel at hand?(你们在一起的时间主要集中在手头的小说上吗？)”以及后文“While enjoying stimulating non-book conversation over coffee and snacks is in no way ill-advised, not everyone who signs up for a book club is willing to reject their novel for a cup.(边喝咖啡边吃零食，享受与书本无关的刺激对话并非不明智，但并不是每个参加读书俱乐部的人都愿意为了一杯咖啡而放弃自己的小说)”可知，后文提到了边喝咖啡边吃零食，可推测本句与上文并列，都是设问句，故E选项“茶点最终会是最重要的吗？”符合语境，故选E。
【19题详解】
根据后文“Books that work really well are the ones that help you reflect on self. They have lots of entry points for people so they probably have a good setting. Also, there’s great character development. Select something with the criteria, and you can please all kinds of readers.(真正有用的书是那些能帮助你反思自我的书。他们为人们提供了很多入口，所以他们可能有一个很好的环境。此外，还有很好的角色发展。选择符合标准的东西，你可以让各种读者满意)”可知，本段的主旨是关于书的选择的建议，故C选项“选书似乎是最棘手的部分”符合语境，故选C。
【20题详解】
根据上文“As far as how often you meet, that schedule is up to your members to determine what’s realistic-plus how long it will take to complete the book. As for location, meeting up at your home is always an option.(至于你多久见面一次，这个时间表由你的成员决定什么是现实的，再加上完成这本书需要多长时间。至于地点，在家里见面总是一个不错的选择)”以及后文“Meeting at a public space like a bar can ease the pressure of entertaining.(在酒吧这样的公共场所见面可以缓解娱乐的压力)”可知，本句是在针对上文提到的在家见面所提出的建议。故A选项“不过，不要觉得一定要当主人”符合语境，故选A。
第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Some years ago, I was stuck on a crosstown bus during rush hour. The bus was filled with cold, tired people____21____ with one another. Two men____22____ at each other for an unintentional push. An elderly woman got on, and nobody offered her a____23____. Anger was in the air; no____24____ could be found here.
As the bus approached Seventh Avenue, the driver’s words came from the speaker. “Folks,” he said. “I know you’ve had a(n)____25____ day and that you are depressed, but I will____26____. When each of you walks by before getting off, drop your____27____ into my palm (手掌). My route goes right by the Hudson River, into which I’ll____28____ them.”
It seemed as if a spell had lifted. Everyone burst out laughing, their faces shining with____29____. The passengers who had been____30____each other’s existence were suddenly grinning (咧嘴笑) at each other — is this guy serious?
At the next stop, just as____31____, the driver held out his hand, palm up, and waited. All the____32____passengers performed the gesture of dropping something into his palm. The driver____33____the same action at every stop that followed.
Occasionally we may sink into a grey world, but someone can ____34____it like a ray of light, showing us hope. What if we are the light?____35____, anyone possesses the power to shine on others’ dark days.
21. A. satisfied B. associated C. impressed D. annoyed
22. A. waved B. nodded C. barked D. shot
23. A. reminder B. seat C. ride D. choice
24. A. mercy B. fortune C. courage D. security
25. A. tough B. average C. important D. fruitful
26. A. make comments B. show up C. help out D. take risks
27. A. memories B. troubles C. faults D. tips
28. A. transform B. stretch C. accompany D. cast
29. A. envy B. greed C. pleasure D. pride
30. A. suspecting B. ignoring C. expecting D. appreciating
31. A. ordered B. promised C. requested D. reported
32. A. chosen B. fooled C. sitting D. exiting
33. A. repeated B. designed C. interpreted D. evaluated
34. A. divide B. explore C. reward D. brighten
35. A. However B. Instead C. Actually D. Consequently
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. A 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. C 30. B 31. B 32. D 33. A 34. D 35. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是一位公交车司机通过让乘客在下车前把烦恼放在他的掌心里，然后他把烦恼拿去扔掉来点亮乘客们的一天，使他们充满希望。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：公共汽车上挤满了又冷漠又累的人，他们对彼此很生气。A. satisfied满意的；B. associated相关的；C. impressed印象深刻的；D. annoyed生气的。根据上文“Some years ago, I was stuck on a crosstown bus during rush hour.”和下文“Anger was in the air”可知，因交通高峰期被堵在路上，公共汽车上挤满了又冷漠又累的人，他们对彼此很生气。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：两名男子因无意推搡而互相咆哮。A. waved挥手；B. nodded点头；C. barked大声嚷；D. shot射击。根据下文“an unintentional push”和“Anger was in the air”可知，乘客都恼怒对方，两名男子因无意推搡而互相咆哮。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：一位老妇人上了车，没人给她让座。A. reminder提醒物；B. seat座位；C. ride乘坐；D. choice选择。根据上文“The bus was filled with cold, tired people”和“An elderly woman got on”可知，公共汽车上挤满了又冷漠又累的人，一位老妇人上了车，没人给她让座。故选B。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：空气中弥漫着愤怒；这里没有慈悲可言。A. mercy慈悲；B. fortune好运；C. courage勇气；D. security安全。根据上文“An elderly woman got on, and nobody offered her a____3__”可知，这里没有慈悲可言。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我知道你们今天过得很艰难，很沮丧，但我会帮你们的。A. tough艰难的；B. average平均的；C. important重要的；D. fruitful富有成果的。根据上文“tired people”可知，句子表示“我知道你们今天过得很艰难”。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我知道你们今天过得很艰难，很沮丧，但我会帮你们的。A. make comments评论；B. show up出现；C. help out帮助……摆脱困难；D. take risks冒风险。根据上文“you are depressed”可知，此处表示“我会帮你们的”，空格处是“帮助……摆脱困难”，呼应下文讲司机想办法让乘客们开心。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当你们每个人下车前经过的时候，把你们的烦恼丢在我的掌心。A. memories记忆；B. troubles烦恼；C. faults过错；D. tips建议。根据上文语境可知，疲倦的乘客们因堵车心烦意乱，导致车上弥漫着愤怒情绪，司机想缓和这种情况，所以司机是让乘客把他们的烦恼丢在他的掌心。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的路线正好经过哈德逊河，我要把它们扔进河里。A. transform使转化；B. stretch拉伸；C. accompany陪伴；D. cast扔。根据上文“drop your____7____ into my palm”可知，此处表示把烦恼扔进河里。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个人都笑了起来，脸上洋溢着喜悦的光彩。A. envy忌妒；B. greed贪婪；C. pleasure快乐；D. pride骄傲。根据上文“Everyone burst out laughing”可知，每个人都笑了起来，脸上洋溢着喜悦的光彩。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一直无视对方存在的乘客们突然互相笑了——这家伙是认真的吗？A. suspecting怀疑；B. ignoring忽视；C. expecting期待；D. appreciating感激。根据上文“The bus was filled with cold, tired people”和下文“were suddenly grinning (咧嘴笑) at each other”可知，乘客们一开始都很冷漠，不太可能会注意身边的人，司机提议后，一直无视对方存在的乘客们突然互相笑了。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：到了下一站，就像答应过那样，司机伸出手，掌心朝上，等待着。A. ordered命令；B. promised答应；C. requested要求；D. reported报道。根据上文“When each of you walks by before getting off, drop your____7____ into my palm (手掌). My route goes right by the Hudson River, into which I’ll____8____ them”和下文“the driver held out his hand, palm up, and waited”可知，到了下一站，就像答应过的那样，司机伸出手，掌心朝上，等待着接乘客们的烦恼了。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：所有要离开的乘客都做了一个把什么东西扔到他的手掌里的手势。A. chosen选择；B. fooled愚弄；C. sitting坐；D. exiting离去。根据上文“before getting off”和下文“performed the gesture of dropping something into his palm”可知，所有要离开的乘客都做了一个把什么东西扔到他的手掌里的手势。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：司机在接下来的每一站都重复同样的动作。A. repeated重复；B. designed设计；C. interpreted解释；D. evaluated评价。根据下文“the same action at every stop that followed”可知，司机在接下来的每一站都重复同样的动作。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：偶尔我们会陷入灰暗的世界，但总有人能像一线光明一样照亮它，给我们带来希望。A. divide分开；B. explore探索；C. reward奖励；D. brighten使明亮。根据下文“like a ray of light”可知，总有人能像一线光明一样照亮我们的灰暗世界。故选D。
【35题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：事实上，任何人都有能力照亮别人的黑暗日子。A. However然而；B. Instead代替，反而；C. Actually事实上；D. Consequently因此。根据下文“anyone possesses the power to shine on others’ dark days”可知，事实上，任何人都有能力照亮别人的黑暗日子，就像司机所做的一样。故选C。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In 1998, an eco-museum was established in Suojia Miao, Yi and Hui Township, China’s Guizhou Province. Consisting of 12 villages, including Gaoxing Village, the eco-museum is different from traditional ones. It isn’t enclosed by walls and____36____ it showcases is more than various collections.
Xiong Shaozhen, a 77-year-old resident of Gaoxing Village, weaves every day with a loom (织布机) in a wooden house, her daughter-in-law busy____37____( learn )the craft from her．“The costumes, language, music and even the way of production of the local community are all living ____38____(significance) exhibits,” said Luo Gang, head of the museum.
A decade ago,Gaoxing Village____39____(list) in a traditional Chinese villages catalog (目录).However,Luo found there were few looms left in the village.He____40____(apply) for a budget from relevant departments and invited professional craftsmen to produce looms for the villagers. He asked each villager that received the machine____41____(use)it and train an inheritor (继承者) of the local weaving technique. In addition, most of the old folk houses with their____42____(roof) made of straw needed regular replacement and Luo had their original appearance ____43____(restore).
There are 25 such eco-museums in the province, which are in line ____44____ sustainable development principles. Not only do they guide villagers to perform independent-management and activate their passion for preserving their traditional cultures, but they create more jobs and give ____45____boost to local tourism.
【答案】36. what
37. learning
38. significant
39. was listed
40. applied
41. to use 42. roofs
43. restored
44. with 45. a
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了贵州省彝族回族索家庙建立的生态博物馆。
【36题详解】
考查主语从句连接词。句意：它没有被墙包围，并且它展示的不仅仅是各种藏品。分析句子结构可知，空处引导的是主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，应该用what引导。故填what。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：77岁的熊绍珍是高兴村的居民，她每天都在一间木屋里用织布机编织，她的儿媳忙着跟她学习手艺。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定搭配：busy doing sth.意为“忙于做某事”。故填learning。
【38题详解】
考查形容词。句意：博物馆馆长罗刚说:“当地社区的服装、语言、音乐甚至生产方式都是鲜活的重要展品。”分析句子结构可知，空后是名词exhibits，所以空处应填形容词，significance的形容词是significant。故填significant。
【39题详解】
考查动词时态和语态。句意：十年前，高兴村被列入中国传统村落目录。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以list应该作本句谓语，主语是Gaoxing Village，两者间是被动关系，应该用被动语态，再根据时间状语a decade ago，应该用一般过去时。故填was listed。
【40题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：他向有关部门申请了预算，并邀请专业工匠为村民制作织机。分析句子结构，根据and可知。空处应是和invited一起作本句的并列谓语，所以apply也用一般过去时。故填applied。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他要求每个收到机器的村民都使用它，并培训当地编织技术的继承人。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定搭配：ask sb. to do sth.意为“要求某人做某事”。故填to use。
【42题详解】
考查名词。句意：此外，大多数稻草屋顶的老民居需要定期更换，罗刚也让他们恢复了原来的外观。分析句子结构可知，空前是是形容词性物主代词，所以空处应填名词，roof意为“屋顶”，为可数名词，此处应用复数形式。故填roofs。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，大多数稻草屋顶的老民居需要定期更换，罗也让他们恢复了原来的外观。分析句子结构，本句已有谓语动词had，所以restore应该用非谓语形式，逻辑主语是appearance，两者间是被动关系，应该用过去分词表被动。故填restored。
【44题详解】
考查介词。句意：全省有25个这样的生态博物馆，符合可持续发展原则。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：in line with意为“符合……的”。故填with。
【45题详解】
考查冠词。句意：他们不仅引导村民自主经营，激发村民保护传统文化的热情，而且创造了更多的就业机会，促进了当地旅游业的发展。析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：give a boost to意为“促进”。故填a。
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Peter发来邮件，请你推荐一部中国电影。请回复该邮件，内容包括：
1．电影介绍；
2．推荐理由。
注意：
1．写作词数应为80左右；
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Peter,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Peter,
Learning you’re interested in Chinese films, I’m glad to share with you one of my favorites. The Wandering Earth II, which was released during the Spring Festival, is an awesome science fiction film starring Jason Wu and Andy Lau.
What appeals to me are the grand scenes and touching plots. Faced with the solar crisis, the Chinese government and scientists shoulder the responsibility of protecting the earth, making joint efforts to keep human civilizations alive. The presented advanced technologies also impressed me and filled me with pride.
I strongly recommend you to enjoy the film which won’t let you down.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国朋友Peter写信推荐一部中国电影。内容包括：电影介绍；推荐理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
上映：release→ put on
了不起的：awesome→ amazing
吸引：appeal to→ attract
建议：recommend→ advise
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Learning you’re interested in Chinese films, I’m glad to share with you one of my favorites.
拓展句：Because I learn that you’re interested in Chinese films, I’m glad to share with you one of my favorites.
【点睛】【高分句型1】The Wandering Earth II, which was released during the Spring Festival, is an awesome science fiction film starring Jason Wu and Andy Lau.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】 Faced with the solar crisis, the Chinese government and scientists shoulder the responsibility of protecting the earth, making joint efforts to keep human civilizations alive. (运用了过去分词作时间状语以及现在分词作伴随状语)
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
With the start of new school, freshmen of Hendersonville High School in Nashville were excited to meet new classmates and teachers. Among them, however,15-year-old Sergio Peralta was feeling very nervous because his right hand had never fully formed since he was born. Going to a new school and being “different” is always scary. Sergio was particularly concerned with what his classmates would think of him.
Sergio’s parents had trained him to use his left hand from an early age. As he grew up, he was used to not using his right hand. He could write with his left one and do some things with special tricks or techniques. Despite this, in the first days of new school, Sergio always felt like hiding his underdeveloped right hand in his sleeve as if nobody would ever find out if he did so.
It didn’t take long for someone to learn Sergio’s secret. Jeff Wilkins, the teacher of Sergio’s engineering class, figured out that Sergio was missing part of his hand and decided to do something for the new student. Jeff had been leading a robotics project in the school and expert in 3D printing technology. Besides, he hoped to take advantage of this hands-on chance to help his robotics students learn more about engineering and how building a robotic hand worked.
So in his class, Jeff announced with great enthusiasm, “You’re supposed to be engineering, coming up with new ideas and solving issues. Now Sergio needs a new hand, so we’ll work together to build Sergio a robotic hand.” His words fueled everyone’s curiosity and creativity.
For the next four weeks, Jeff and his class including Sergio worked on the project. After some precise measurements and researches, the class put forward a design draft. Jeff made a few adjustments and gave them some practical suggestions. With access to online models and a 3D printer, they eventually created a robotic hand, which was intended to look good and work well, like catching something.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右;
2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Then came the final testing day.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The life-changing gift for Sergio drew huge attention.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】范文
Then came the final testing day. The whole class gathered in the science classroom, watching breathlessly as Jeff carefully loaded their self-made robotic hand onto Sergio's right arm. It fitted quite well! So excited was Sergio that his arm trembled slightly. Having put a baseball on the desk, Jeff signed to Sergio to pick it up. Slowly, Sergio extended his right hand and reached for the ball. Successfully he caught hold of it and everyone present broke into cheers! Holding the ball, Sergio couldn't contain his tears. Never in his life did he expect to catch something with his right hand!
The life-changing gift for Sergio drew huge attention. Jeff and his students became an instant hit and various media competed to cover the news. When interviewed about the intention of the project, Jeff said, “I intended Sergio's robotic hand to show our support for him. Meanwhile, I hope to foster students' scientific spirit through this hands-on operation.” His students stated that Jeff challenged them to transform abstract concepts into reality, from which they benefited greatly. Soon voluntary donations poured in, which would go to the school's scientific research and help students develop better.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Sergio因为有残疾的右手在新学校感到紧张，他特别关心同学们对他的看法。但是没过多久就有人知道了Sergio的秘密，工程课的老师Jeff Wilkins发现Sergio的手少了一部分，于是决定为这个新生做点什么。经过他的努力，成功为Sergio制作了一副机械手。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“然后到了最后的测试日。”可知，第一段可描写Sergio使用机械手的情况以及同学的反应。
②由第二段首句内容“这份改变Sergio一生的礼物引起了广泛关注。”可知，第二段可描写这份礼物对学生和学校的影响。
2.续写线索：测试——成功——欢呼——引起关注——报道——捐款
3.词汇激活
行类
放置：put /place
延长：extend/ stretch
控制：contain /hold back
情绪类
激动：excited /thrilled
各种各样：various / miscellaneous
【点睛】[高分句型1] The whole class gathered in the science classroom, watching breathlessly as Jeff carefully loaded their self-made robotic hand onto Sergio's right arm. (运用了现在分词作状语)
[高分句型2] So excited was Sergio that his arm trembled slightly. (运用了部分倒装)
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