中考英语真题分类汇编word版含解析 短文填空3 根据汉语意思填词 真题

 A）(湖南衡阳)词汇运用。根据所给汉语或英文首字母写出短文中所缺英语单词。（共5小题，计5分）

Confucius, a pioneer in the field of (46)_________(教育). He was born in the year 551 B.C. He was a great thinker who had many wise ideas about human nature and behavior. His main ideas are about kindness and good manners. He was also a famous philosopher whose wise sayings have (47)i_________ many people in (48)d__________ countries. For example, one of his famous saying, “He who learns but does not think is lost; he who thinks but does not learn is in (49)d________”, tell us the (50)___________(重要性) of learning and thinking.

【主旨大意】孔子，教育界的先锋，出生于公元前551年。他还是一位伟大的思想家，对人性和行为有许多聪明的想法。他的主要思想是善良和礼貌。而且，孔子也是一位著名的哲学家。

【答案】

46. education

47. influenced

48. different

49. danger

50. importance

【解析】

46. education 所填写词作介词of的宾语，应用名词。education为名词，意为“教育”。

47. influenced 由下文的描写可知，孔子的哲理影响了很多人。have在这里为助动词，帮助构成现在完成时，这里需要动词的过去分词。influence为动词，意为“影响”，其过去分词为influenced。

48. different 所填写作定语，修饰名词countries，由首字母d可判断应用意为“不同的”different填写。

49. danger 由He who learns but does not think is lost可推知本句意为“学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆”，殆有“危险”之意。结合首字母d推断填名词danger。

50. importance 由前面的定冠词the提示填名词importance。

B. 阅读下面短文，然后根据括号内所给汉语意思写出单词的正确形式(每空一词) 。

(·浙江嘉兴) Cooking was once regarded as a necessary part of education in England. But in recent years, it has become less important in schools. As a result,   36    (基础的) cooking and food preparation skills are being lost. It is also making more children overweight, as parents use too much fast food that is  37   (有害的) to their health.

The government is worried and is looking for ways to    38   (解决) the problem. A new law has been passed. All secondly schools should offer cooking   39  (课程) to students aged from 11 to 14 years old.. They hope that this will encourage people to cook instead of eating__40__(准备好的) meals, fast food and snacks.

Students will learn to cook for one hour a    41   (星期) for one term. They will learn to use simple and fresh ingredients(原料) to prepare healthy, tasty food, following   42  (说明) . These cooking skills will be helpful in their future life. Schools are also setting up cooking clubs all over the country. The clubs will   43   (提供) more children with the chance to learn to cook.

There are still difficulties. Head teachers are worried about the things they will need for the cooking. And about 15% of schools do not have   44  (厨房) and there are not enough teachers

The speaker from the government  45   (允诺) to train 800 teachers and to give schools 2. 5 million pounds a year to help children from poorer families to pay for ingredients.

【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了在英国做饭是一种基本技能。但是最近几年，变得不重要了，政府正想一些办法来解决此事。

36. basic句意：事实上，基础的烹饪与食物准备技能正失去？考查形容词，作定语，表示“基础的”，应用basic。

37. harmful句意：当父母亲使用太多的对身体有害的快餐食物时，更多的孩子也变得超重了。形容词作表语；表示“有害的”。故答案是harmful。

38. solve句意：政府担心，正找一些办法来解决此问题。考查动词， 表示“解决”，因前有to, 故答案是solve。

39. courses/ lessons句意：所有的初中将提供给11-14岁的孩子烹饪课程。考查名词，因为是多节课，故用复数。故答案是courses/ lessons。

40. ready句意：他们希望这将鼓励更多的人做饭,而不是吃准备好的饭，快餐与小吃。表示“准备好的”，应用形容词ready。

41. week句意：学生将每学期每周学一小时烹饪。考查名词，表示“星期”，应用week。

42. instructions/ directions句意：根据说明书，他们将学会使用简单的，新鲜的原料来准备健康的，味道好的食物。表示“说明”，应用instructions/ directions。

43. provide句意：俱乐部将提供更多的孩子机会学会烹饪。will表示将来时，后跟动词原形，表示“提供”。故答案是provide。

44. kitchens句意：15%的学校没有厨房，也没有足够的老师。考查名词，表示“厨房”，应用kitchen。

45. promises句意：政府来的代言人允诺将训练800位老师，同时给学校二百五十万英镑用来帮助困难家庭的孩子买原料。表示“允诺”，应用 promises。

B.(·浙江金华、丽水)阅读下面短文，然后根据括号内所给汉语意思写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。

If you are tired of making human connections, Lovet can be a great choice for you.A Japanese company___51_____（发明）it in December, 2018. It is a friendly robot which can make___52____（孤独的）people feel the love.

   The____53___（名字）"Lovet"comes from the two words—"love" and "robot".With two bright eyes and a __54_____（柔软的）body, Lovet moves around your house and asks you for hugs. It doesn't talk,but chirps（作唧唧声）.

   Lovet follows you with the help of a ___55____（照相机）on its head. It also has abilities to tell who you are by reading your face. It can____56___（甚至）remember up to 1000 faces.

   The robot cannot help you with housework,but it will___57____（发展）your ability to love.It moves around on three wheels and waves its two little____58____（手臂）to show surprise and love, or to ask for a hug. It sleeps when it's hugged and it follows you when it is called. It is ____59___（害羞的） around strangers.When you open the door, it will hide____60___（在……后面）you, If you want to make it laugh, just touch it.

   Lovet will do all it can to fill you with joy.

51.invented  52.lonely   53.name   54.soft   55.camera   56.even   57.develop   58.arms   59.shy   60.behind

【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍一种友好的机器人——Lovet。

51.invented 句意：一家日本公司于2018年12月发明了它。invent发明，由时间状语in December, 2018可知要用一般过去时。故填invented。

52.lonely 句意：它是一个友好的机器人，能让孤独的人感受到爱。lonely/alone孤独的，形容精神孤独，故填lonely。

53.name 句意：名字"Lovet"来自两个单词。name名字，由谓语动词comes可知，要用单数形式，故填name。

54.soft 句意：两个明亮的眼睛和_____身体，Lovet在你的房子周围移动，并要求你拥抱。soft柔软的，形容词作定语修饰名词body，故填soft。

55.camera  句意：Lovet在头上的照相机的帮助下跟着你。camera照相机，由不定冠词a可知要用单数，故填camera。

56.even  句意：它甚至可以记住多达1000张脸。even甚至，副词修饰动词remember，故填even。

57.develop 句意：机器人不能帮你做家务，但它会培养你爱的能力。develop发展，培养，一般将来时结构：will+动词原形，故填develop。

58.arms 句意：它用三个轮子转来转去，挥动它的两只小胳膊，表示惊讶和爱，或者请求拥抱。arm手臂，由基数词two可知要用复数形式，故填arm。

59.shy  句意：它在陌生人面前很害羞。shy害羞的，形容词作表语，故填shy。

60.behind  句意：当你打开门的时候，它会藏在你身后，如果你想让它发笑，只需触摸它。behind在……后面，符合题意，故填behind。

(·浙江衢州) 五、词汇运用(共10小题，每小题1分，共10分)

根据短文内容和所给中文提示，写出空白处各单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。

(·浙江衢州) Many people go to Utah because they love hiking in Bryce Canyon National Park. They enjoy   51   (岩石) climbing, camping and so on. However, some people go to Utah for a very   ___52   (不同的) experience.

The Boulder Outdoor Survival(生存) School (BOSS) in Utah is the world’s oldest survival school. It teaches people how to stay alive outside without tents, or even backpacks. In Bryce Canyon, the days are very   53   (热的) and the nights are very cold. Not everyone wants to go and experience life without modern   54   (发明) like smart phones and e-books. Students at BOSS quickly learn that it is important to work hard and __55   (尝试) new things if they want to complete the training.

In survival camps at BOSS, students don’t just practice camping, hiking or   56   (骑) horses. They go into the wild for days or weeks. They learn how to find   57   (新鲜的) water for drinking. They also learn how to make a fire, use a   58   (小刀) and find food to eat. Nature can often give them   59   (每件事) they need to survive.

After these people go back to the real world, they may never use these skills again. Even if they don’t, at   60   (至少) they will always know that they can live without computers, electricity, and smart phones—even if it is only for a few days!

【答案】51. rock    52. different   53. hot   54. inventions   55. try   56. riding   57. fresh   58. knife   59. everything   60. least

【主旨大意】本文是说明文。介绍了世界上最古老的生存学校——位于美国犹他州的Boulder Outdoor Survival（生存）学校（BOSS）。它教人们如何在没有帐篷，甚至背包的情况下在户外活着。他们可以在没有电脑，电力和智能手机的情况下生活几天。

【解析】

51. rock  本题考查名词修饰名词，除了含有man、woman，修饰名词时，两者都需要用复数形式，其余名词修饰名词，前者的名词只有单数形式。故答案是rock。

52. different  观察a very … experience，其中的very修饰其后的形容词原级，表示“不同的”，应用different。故答案是different。

53. hot 根据句中的are very，可知此处应用形容词的原级，与are构成系表结构。表示“热的”，应用hot。

54. inventions 根据空格后的like smart phones and e-books可知此处是“多项发明创造”，其次空格前的modern，没有不定冠词a或an，可知此处应用复数形式。故答案是inventions。

55. try 本题考查固定句型It is + adj. + to do sth，根据句中的and，此处承前省略to，应用动词原形。表示“尝试”，应用try。

56. rising  根据前面的camping、hiking，此处也应该用动词“骑马”的-ing形式，即 riding。

57. fresh  根据形容词修饰其后的名词，此处表示“新鲜的”，应用fresh。

58. knife  空格前有a，说明此处应用可数名词的单数形式。表示“小刀”，应用knife。

59. everything  本题考查give后接双宾语结构，此处表示“每件事”，应用everything。

60. least考查固定短语，表示“至少”，应用at least。故答案是least。

B.根据短文内容和所给中文提示，在空白处写出单词的正确形式。每空一词。

(浙江台州)When I began working at Hillcrest High School three years ago, I was introduced to Sharon Dunn, the school’s headmistress.

 Her smart appearance and warm, friendly    51    (表情) made me like her at once. She is a small-boned, smiling    52    (女士) in her early fifties. She has shining blue eyes and soft    53    (银灰色的) hair. Although she dresses simply, she always manages to look nice.

 She is a very fair- minded person who    54    (对待) everyone at the school in the same way. Even when she is upset, she is actually very calm, which is shown by her ability to  55 

(克制) her feelings in the most difficult situations. Her quiet voice and gentle,    56    (有礼貌的) manner make her popular with the children.

 Ms. Dunn has no children of her   57    (自己的), however, she says that she feels like a mother to all of the children in her school. In fact, she has no time for family life, since she gives her life to her job completely, Besides dealing with different leading   58   (任务)every day, she always takes time to talk to the teachers and parents   59  (耐心地).

 To my mind, Sharon Dunn is an educational    60   (专家) who is a wonderful role model, not only for the children but for the teachers, as well.

【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述一位和蔼可亲、平易近人、公正待人的女校长。她一心扑在事业上，没有自己的孩子，但她却像全校学生的妈妈，受到全校师生的好评。

【答案】51.expression(s)  52.lady 53.silver 54.treats 55.control 56.polite 57.own 58.tasks 59.patiently 60.expert

【解析】

51.expression(s) 分析句子成分可知，形容词修饰名词，在这里既可以用单数也可以用复数。表情”为expression，故填expression(s)。

52.lady 前面有不定冠词a，应该填可数名词的单数。“女士”为lady，故填lady。

53.silver 分析句子成分可知，此处修饰头发要用形容词。“银灰色的”为silver，故填silver。

54.treats 主语为a person，故谓语动词用第三人称单数修饰。“对待”为treat，故填treats。

55.control 动词不定式作her ability的后置定语。“克制”为control，故填control。

56.polite 分析句子成分可知，形容词修饰manner。“礼貌的”为polite，故填polite。

57.own “自己的”为own，常常放在形容词性物主代词之后。故填own。

58.tasks 分析句子结构，缺少完整的宾语，且有different来修饰，应该用task的复数形式。“任务”为task，故填tasks。

59.patiently 句意“她总是花费时间和老师、家长耐心地谈心”。修饰谓语动词，应用副词patiently。“耐心的”为patient，故填patiently。

60.expert 由句意可知，“Sharon是一位教育专家”。“专家”为expert。故填expert。

(·浙江温州) B.根据短文内容和所给中文提示，用单词的正确形式完成以下短文。

    Lydia runs, and picks up rubbish along the way. What she does is called “plogging”, an activity combining collecting rubbish with running. Last    46   (六月) she first learned the idea of plogging on the Internet and decided to plog.

Lydia runs four or    47   (五) times a week and takes a daily walk with her two dogs. She often wears her gloves and takes several    48   (袋子) when she goes out. Sometimes she spends    49   (一半；半数) an hour collecting rubbish. She says she    50   (浪费) the last few years of her running life. Now she feels    51   (更好的) to do plogging than just running by the river.

“It just takes a moment to stop and pick something up off the ground.     52   (然而)，it makes big difference to my community. Now my husband also    53   (加入) me,” Lydia says    54   (自豪地). “It doesn’t matter how much rubbish I pick up. It’s a good way to protect our    55   (星球).

【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。短文介绍了Lydia所做的跑步捡垃圾这项运动。介绍了她每日坚持的这项运动的过程和意义，最后她的丈夫也加入这项运动来保护我们的地球环境。

46.June根据汉语提示，用June表示“六月”。

47.five前文的基数词four提示or联结的是基数词。用five表示“五”。

48.bags用名词bag表示“袋子”，several修饰名词复数形式。

49.half用half表示“半”，half an hour表示“半小时”。

50.wasted/ has wasted用动词waste表示“浪费”，根据句意可以用一般过去时表示过去的动作，也可以用现在完成时态强调到现在为止的动作。

51.better 系动词feel后用good的比较级better表示“更好”。

52.However空格后的逗号提示用副词however表示“然而”。

53.joins用动词join表示“加入某人或某团体”，时间状语now提示用一般现在时态，主语my husband是第三人称单数，因此动词也要用第三人称单数。

54.proudly根据汉语提示，此处需要用副词proudly修饰动词say，表示“自豪地说”。

55.planet根据汉语提示用planet表示“星球”，指卫星。

（·浙江绍兴）B.阅读下面短文，然后根据括号内所给含义意思写出单词的正确形式（每空一词）。

A group of rubbish collectors in Turkey are recycling the books that people have thrown away. They have ___51___ (已经) created a mobile library. There are now over 9, 000 books, which are divided into 20 kinds, including ___52___ (医学的) care, politics, literature, history, healthy living and so on. The library is inside a ____53___ (卡车) that tours schools in the countryside. They hope to create a greater passion (热情) for reading books in children, ___54___ (尤其) in the age of mobile phones and computers. Many schools do not have a reading room or their ___55___ (自己的) library.

The library has got lots of attention in Turkey. People from all over Turkey are ___56___ (送) their old books to the library. A ___57___ (女士) working at the mobile library said, “The interest is growing. Each day we have guests coming here to ___58___ (借) books or have a quiet time to read.” The director of the library said, “We have books here for kids aged from four to ___59___ (十), and books for older children, like world classics and ___60___ (诗). We hope that it will develop their love for books.”

【主旨大意】本文主要介绍“土耳其的移动图书馆”。该图书馆通过回收旧书，供人们借阅使用。

【答案】51.already   52.medical    53.truck     54.especially 55.own   56.sending/giving                  57.lady                 58.borrow                 59.ten                  60.poems

【解析】

51.already 句意：他们已经成立了一个移动图书馆。该句子为现在完成时态，且根据汉语提示知填already“已经”。

52.medical  句意：现有书籍9000余本，分为20种，包括“医学”、“政治”、“文学”、“历史”、“健康生活”等。根据汉语提示及关键词“care” ，可知答案，medical care为固定搭配，意为“医疗保健/护理”。故填medical“医学的，医疗的”。

53.truck  句意：图书馆在乡村旅游学校的卡车里。空格前有不定冠词a限定，且根据汉语知填truck“卡车”。

54.especially 句意：他们希望为儿童读书创造更大的热情，尤其是在手机和电脑（飞速发展的）时代。根据汉语提示可知填especially“尤其，特别”。

55.own 句意：许多学校没有阅览室或他们自己的图书馆。根据汉语提示可知填own“自己的”。

56.sending/giving 句意：来自土耳其各地的人们将他们的旧书送到图书馆。观察句式特点，且空格前有系动词are，则推出该句子时态为现在进行时态，故能表达“送”的含义的词可填sending或giving。

57.lady 句意：一位工作在移动图书馆的女士说：“（阅读）兴趣蔚然成风”。根据汉语提示可知填lady“女士”。

58.borrow 句意：每天我们都有客人来这里借书，或者有一个安静的时间阅读。根据汉语可知填borrow“借”。

59.ten 句意：我们这里有供四到十岁孩子看的书，……from four to ten“从四到十岁”。

60.poems 句意：对于大一些的孩子来说，我们有世界古典书籍和诗集（等）。根据汉语提示可知填poems“诗”。

(浙江湖州)六、 单词拼写(本题有9小题,每小题1分,共9分)

 根据短文内容和所给中文提示,在空白处写出正确的单词。每空限填一词。

     In Chinese lunar calendar,people____57____（划分）the year into 24 solar terms（节气）.Start of Summer means the coming of a new ___58___（季节）of summer,and it begins on May 6 and ends on May 21 this year.The temperature will ___59____（上升）quickly during this period.

  Here are three things about how Chinese greet the Start of Summer.

  Checking one's weight

  The ____60___(风俗)of weighing people at the Start of Summer started from the Three Kingdoms Period and is ____61____(仍然)popular in South Chinese today.It's said that this practice will bring health and good luck to the people weighed.

  Eating eggs

  In ancient China,people believed a ____62___（圆的）egg was a symbol of a happy life and eating eggs on the day of Start of Summer was a good___63___(愿望)for good health.People put leftover tea into boiled water together with eggs to create "tea egg".Today it has become a __64____（当地的）snack in many places of China.

   Taking care of the heart

   According to Chinese traditional medicine,Start of Summer is a key time to moisten the heart.When it grows hot,heat can affect human health.So people____65____（更喜欢）food such as fruit and vegetables rich in vitamins and cool in nature.

【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍三种欢迎夏初到来的三件事。

57.divide【解析】句意：在中国的农历中，人们把一年分成24个节气。Divide划分，讲述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为复数，故填divide。

58.season【解析】句意：夏初意味着一个新的夏季季节的到来，它从5月6日开始到今年5月21日结束。Season季节，由不定冠词a可知要用单数形式，故填season。

59.rise【解析】句意：在此期间，温度将迅速上升。Rise上升，用原形与will构成一般将来时，故填rise。

60.custom【解析】句意： 夏初称人的重量的风俗始于三国时期，至今仍盛行于华南地区。Custom风俗，特指用单数，故填custom。

61.still【解析】句意： 夏初称人的重量的风俗始于三国时期，至今仍盛行于华南地区。Still仍然，故填still。

62.round【解析】句意：在中国古代，人们认为圆鸡蛋是幸福生活的象征，在夏初吃鸡蛋是健康的良好愿望。Round圆的，形容词修饰名词egg，故填round。

63.wish【解析】句意：在中国古代，人们认为圆鸡蛋是幸福生活的象征，在夏初吃鸡蛋是健康的良好愿望。wish愿望，根据句意及汉语提示，故填wish。

64.local【解析】句意：今天它已经成为中国许多地方的一种当地小吃。Local当地的，根据句意及首字母提示，故填local。

65.prefer【解析】句意：所以人们更喜欢水果和蔬菜等富含维生素和自然凉爽的食物。Prefer更喜欢，一般现在时，主语为复数，故填prefer。

六、单词拼写（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）

(宁夏)根据下列短文，写出与各小题所给汉语相应的英语单词（每空一词）。

As we all know, the environment around us is getting worse and worse. Some chemical factories always pour (61)______ (废弃的) water into the (62)______ (河流). And they also (63)______ (产生) terrible gas. In some places, some people even have no clean water to drink. So I think we must do something to protect the environment.

How to protect the environment? First, as a student, we should use cloth bags instead of (64) ______ (塑料的) bags when we go shopping. (65) ______ (第二), we’d better reuse the old textbooks as possible as we can. Third, we should never forget to turn off the lights when we leave the classrooms. In a word, we must try our best to protect our environment. I believe we can make the world a better place to live in.

【主旨大意】本文是议论文，作者就如何保护环境提出了几条合理建议。

61.waste 62.river 63.produce 64.plastic 65.Second