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山东省淄博市2022-2023学年高二英语下学期期末考试试题（Word版附解析）
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这是一份山东省淄博市2022-2023学年高二英语下学期期末考试试题（Word版附解析），共22页。
2022-2023学年度第二学期高二教学质量检测
英语
注意事项：
1.答题前，考生务必先将自己的姓名、考生号填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳的选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What will the woman do for the man?
A. Pay for his loss. B. Help him wash clothes. C. Buy him a new sweater.
2. Where are the speakers probably?
A. At a hotel. B. At a doctor’s. C. At a hairdresser’s.
3. How old is the woman probably?
A. 19 years old. B. 20 years old. C. 21 years old.
4. What dd the woman mainly do in the afternoons last week?
A. She tended crops. B. She went walking. C. She worked in a gallery.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. Wage levels. B. Food prices. C. Product safety.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What is the probable relationship between the speaker?
A. Relatives. B. Strangers. C. Classmates.
7. What does the man suggest the woman do?
A. Go abroad. B. Try online shopping. C. Buy books for collection.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8 What does the man need urgently?
A. A mouse. B. A computer. C. A microphone.
9. What will the man do after the meeting?
A. Have breakfast. B. Give a presentation. C. Go to the airport.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. How long will the childcare program last?
A. About one month. B. About two months. C. About three months.
11. Who will the volunteers work with?
A. Local nurses. B. Local teachers. C. Local children’s parents.
12. What will the volunteers need to do on workday afternoons?
A. Prepare meals. B. Look after the children. C. Make educational toys.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What does the woman call the man for?
A. An article. B. A meeting. C. A job offer.
14. When was Blitz Express setup?
A. In 2010. B. In 2013. C. In 2016.
15. What mainly contributes to Blitz Express’s success according to the man?
A. The customers’ trust. B. The staff’s hard work. C. The president’s wise leadership.
16. How do most staff members feel about working in Blitz Express?
A. It’s relaxing. B. It’s satisfying. C. It’s demanding.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. Where did the speaker see the carving of mushrooms?
A. At a charity party. B. At an art museum. C. At an award ceremony.
18. What was the carving of mushrooms made of?
A. Rock. B. Wood. C. Glass.
19. What did the artist do for the speaker?
A. He taught her how to carve. B. He gave her an old carving. C. He made her a new carving.
20. What will the speaker probably do next?
A. Take a trip. B. Make a souvenir. C. Do some repair work.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Use the library — Borrowing
The Library is for everyone in our university community. Please use our physical items fairly and return books when others need them.
How to borrow
●You will always need your Ucard to borrow an item.
●There are self-service machines at all libraries.
Number of items
●Undergraduates and taught postgraduates can borrow 40 items.
●Staff and research postgraduates can borrow 75 items.
Loan period
●Standard items are currently guaranteed for 7 days.
●Some specialist items will have different loan periods. To find a specialist item’s loan period, check the individual page of the library that holds the item.
Automatic renewal
●If no one reserves the item, it will automatically renew and you will have it for another guaranteed loan period.
●Items will not automatically renew if your account is blocked.
Unable to return an item
●If you will not be able to return a book in time, you must contact the library.
●If you do not return an item when it is reserved, the book will become overdue and your account will be blocked.
●If an item is not returned and has been overdue for over 2 weeks, you will be charged a full replacement cost.
Any items taken out with your library card are your responsibility. Do not lend them to others.
During university vacations
During university vacation periods, there tum date will be extended on most items. You will be able to keep these items until the end of the vacation, even if it is reserved.
Not all items are available for vacation loan. Always use My Library Account to check the re tum dates of items you are currently borrowing.
If you need a book that is on vacation loan, contact your Subject Librarian.
1. What is the longest loan period if a book is not reserved?
A. 7 days. B. 10 days. C. 14 days. D. 30 days.
2. In which case will a library account be blocked?
A. You fail to renew the book in time. B. You lend the borrowed book to others.
C. The borrowed book is overdue when reserved. D. The borrowed book is kept over 2 weeks，
3. What do we know about holiday borrowing?
A. Librarians are unavailable. B. All items are not allowed for loan.
C. The return date will be postponed in no case . D. Reserved books should be returned as scheduled.
【答案】1. C 2. C 3. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了图书馆使用时的相关注意事项。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章Loan period部分中的“●Standard items are currently guaranteed for 7 days.(标准书籍目前可借阅7天)”、再根据“Automatic renewal”部分中的“If no one reserves the item, it will automatically renew and you will have it for another guaranteed loan period.(如果没有人续借，书将自动续借，你将有另一个借阅期)”可知，如果书籍没有被续借，你最长可借阅7+7=14天。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章Unable to return an item部分中的“If you do not return an item when it is reserved, the book will become overdue and your account will be blocked.(书被预定时如果您还未归还，书将过期，您的帐户将被冻结)”可知，借阅的书籍如果在预定时间还未归还，那么您的账户会被冻结。故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章During university vacations部分中的“Not all items are available for vacation loan. (并不是所有的书籍都可以假期借阅)”可知，并不是所有的书籍都可以假期借阅。故选B。
B
When Josh Warren first asked me to guide at Boston 4 years ago, I of course said yes. But shortly after agreeing, I also became the most nervous and anxious I’d been in a long time. I’d never guided before, let alone met a person who was blind. I felt doomed (注定) to fail from the start, but all changed once I met David Kuhn, a runner who was in need of a sighted guide for Boston.
I should let you know that when I’m nervous I often have a severe case of word vomit and I’ve been known to ask some oddball questions now and again. In a previous life, I should have been a news reporter. That being said, David was in for some interesting company on one of the hardest marathon courses out there.
Fast forward to race morning and we’re packed tight, waiting to start the Boston Marathon. I soon realized David and I share a mutual love of chocolate, especially peanut butter cups. I used it to my advantage along the course and anytime it seemed we might fall behind a bit, I described how there would be peanut butter chocolate heaven at the finish line if we kept running.
Reading the signs as we passed by Wellesley college was a favorite moment of mine. David cracked up at all of the posters, the students were creative, writing things like “It’s hot, but so are you”! I tried to read off the dirtiest signs to keep the laughter going.
A friend of mine mentioned she would be on the course around mile 20 and asked if we wanted anything. When I asked David, he immediately cheered up and said “Fig Newtons”! So when mile 20 rolled around, David’s pace picked up and was crazy about his bag of Fig Newtons!
Looking back on those 3 races I ran with David always puts a smile on my face. Boston is a tough course, and if you add on the unpredictable Boston weather, it can make for a challenging day. Running the race with David makes 26.2 miles seem like a 5 kilometers fun run, with lots of pleasure and a grin from ear to ear. I look forward to our next run and will be sure to bring plenty of chocolate!
4. What does the underlined phrase “word vomit” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. Being sensitive. B. Being acceptable.
C. Being joky. D. Being talkative.
5. Why was the author invited to guide David?
A. He is a fun companion. B. He is an exceptional runner.
C. He loves chocolate as much. D. He likes to read dirty road signs.
6. What role does chocolate play in the race?
A. Supplying energy. B. Providing nutrition.
C. Serving as a prize. D. Boosting spirits.
7. Which of the following can best describe the author?
A. Regretful and unconfident. B. Outgoing and passionate.
C. Hotheaded and anxious. D. Funny and odd.
【答案】4. D 5. A 6. D 7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己受邀给盲人运动员David做比赛引导的故事，虽然一开始非常紧张焦虑，但是作者在比赛途中与David非常合拍，一路充满了笑声和欢乐。
【4题详解】
短语猜测题。根据第二段中“I should let you know that when I’m nervous I often have a severe case of word vomit and I’ve been known to ask some oddball questions now and again. In a previous life, I should have been a news reporter. (我应该让你知道，当我紧张的时候，我经常会有严重的word vomit而且我还会时不时地问一些奇怪的问题。前世，我应该是一名新闻记者)”可知，作者紧张的时候会反复问奇怪的问题，甚至夸张到可以当新闻记者。由此推知，作者这时话非常多，word vomit意思应该是“健谈的”。故选D项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“That being said, David was in for some interesting company on one of the hardest marathon courses out there. (话虽如此，David在最艰难的马拉松赛道上遇到了一些有趣的陪伴)”可知，作者被邀请来引导David是因为他是一个有趣的同伴。故选A项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“I used it to my advantage along the course and anytime it seemed we might fall behind a bit, I described how there would be peanut butter chocolate heaven at the finish line if we kept running. (我在比赛过程中充分利用了这一点，每当我们似乎有点落后时，我就会描述如果我们继续跑下去，终点线会是花生酱巧克力的天堂)”可知，作者利用David和自己对花生酱巧克力的共同喜爱，在落后的时候不断进行鼓励。因此，巧克力在这场比赛中发挥了提振精神的作用。故选D项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者在给David做引导的过程中，一直非常健谈，不断用巧克力激励彼此一直跑下去，在经过韦尔斯利学院的时候，给David阅读指示牌，带来笑声和欢乐。由此推知，作者是一个外向热情的人。故选B项。
C
Small mammals will have a hard time surviving the stressors associated with climate change, according to a new study from the University of Southern Denmark. The experts found that large, long-lived animals are better able to cope with extreme weather such as long-time drought and heavy rainfall.
The researchers analyzed historical population variations among 157 mammal species from around the world. These fluctuations (波动) were compared with weather and climate date from the same time period. The results are providing new insight into how animals respond to extreme weather. In particular, the experts have identified which animal populations will be the hardest hit by climate change.
“We can see a clear pattern: Animals that live a long time and have few offspring are less vulnerable (脆弱的) when extreme weather hits than animals that live for a short time and have many offspring,” said study Professor Owen.
Large animals that live longer can cope better with an extreme event such as a persistent drought because these animals have the option to wait until conditions improve to reproduce. The same weather event would affect small mammals differently, as food sources like insects, flowers, and fruits would disappear quickly.
On the other hand, populations of small mammals may also take advantage when weather conditions improve by producing many offspring.
“These small mammals react quickly to extreme weather, and it goes both ways. Their weakness to extreme weather should therefore not be equated (等同) with a risk of extinction. Our analysis helps predict how different animal species might respond to future climate change based on their general characteristics.” said study co-author Jackson. He emphasized that the ability of animals to endure climate change is not the only factor for their extinction. Habitat destruction, pollution, poaching and invasive species are factors that threaten many animal species — in many cases even more than climate change,” he added.
8. What contributes to certain small mammals’ survival in extreme weather?
A. Their natural lifespan. B. Their high reproductive ability.
C. Their unique body temperature. D. Their small appetite for food.
9. What affects animals’ survival possibility in extreme weather according to paragraph 4?
A. Food sources. B. High temperatures. C. Birthrates. D. Ages.
10. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. Many factors influence the animals characteristics.
B. Climate change is not a factor for the species’ extinction.
C. The animals’ survival ability will improve in the future.
D. Ecology protection is the key to saving species from extinction.
11. What’s the best title of the text?
A. What Influences Animals’ Birth Rate?
B. What Will Animals Do in Extreme Weather?
C. Which Animals Are Mort Affected by Extreme Weather?
D. How Does the Climate Change Influence Weak Animas?
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. D 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，根据南丹麦大学的一项新研究，小型哺乳动物将很难在与气候变化相关的压力源中生存。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“On the other hand, populations of small mammals may also take advantage when weather conditions improve by producing many offspring.(另一方面，小型哺乳动物种群也可能利用天气条件改善的机会繁殖许多后代。)”可知，在极端气候下，小型哺乳动物也可能利用天气条件改善的机会繁殖许多后代从而幸存下来。由此可推断，能让小型哺乳动物在极端气候下幸存下来的原因是其强大的繁殖能力。故选B。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Large animals that live longer can cope better with an extreme event such as a persistent drought because these animals have the option to wait until conditions improve to reproduce. The same weather event would affect small mammals differently, as food sources like insects, flowers, and fruits would disappear quickly.(寿命较长的大型动物可以更好地应对极端事件，如持续干旱，因为这些动物可以选择等到条件改善再繁殖。同样的天气事件会对小型哺乳动物产生不同的影响，因为昆虫、鲜花和水果等食物来源会迅速消失。)可推断，食物来源可能影响动物在极端天气下的生存可能性。故选A。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“He emphasized that the ability of animals to endure climate change is not the only factor for their extinction. “Habitat destruction, pollution, poaching and invasive species are factors that threaten many animal species — in many cases even more than climate change,” he added. (他补充道，“栖息地破坏、污染、偷猎和入侵物种是威胁许多动物物种的因素，在许多情况下甚至比气候变化更严重。”)可知，保护生态是拯救物种免于灭绝的关键。故选D。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“The researchers analyzed historical population variations among 157 mammal species from around the world. These fluctuations (波动) were compared with weather and climate date from the same time period. The results are providing new insight into how animals respond to extreme weather. In particular, the experts have identified which animal populations will be the hardest hit by climate change.(研究人员分析了世界各地157种哺乳动物的历史种群变化。这些波动与同一时期的天气和气候数据进行了比较。研究结果为研究动物如何应对极端天气提供了新的视角。特别是，专家们已经确定了哪些动物种群将受到气候变化的最严重打击。)”可知，文章主要介绍了研究人员经过研究分析，最终确定哪些动物种群将受到气候变化的最严重打击。故选C。
D
AI is a machine’s ability to perform the cognitive (认知的) functions we associate with human minds, such as reasoning, learning, interacting with an environment, problem solving, and even exercising creativity. You’ve probably interacted with AI even if you didn’t realize it — voice assistants like Siri and Alexa are founded on AI technology, as are some customer service chatbots that pop up to aid you to explore websites.
By using artificial intelligence, companies have the potential to make business more efficient and profitable. But ultimately, the value of artificial intelligence isn’t in the systems themselves but in how companies use those systems to assist humans — and their ability to explain what those systems do — in a way that builds and earns trust.
Since they are so new, we have yet to see the long-tail effect of AI models. This means there are some risks involved in using them — some known and some unknown.
The outputs AI models produce may often sound extremely convincing. This is by design. But sometimes the information they generate is just plain wrong. Worse, sometimes it’s biased, because it’s built on the gender, racial, and various other limitations of the internet and society more generally. And it can even be operated to enable immoral or criminal activity.
These risks can be reduced, however, in a few ways. For one, it’s crucial to carefully select the initial data used to tarin these models to avoid including toxic (中毒的) or incorrect content. Next, rather than operating an off-the-shelf generative-AI model, organizations could consider using smaller, specialized models. Organizations with more resources could also customize a general model based on their own data to fit their needs and minimize shortcoming. Organizations should also keep a human in the process — make sure a real human checks the output of a generative-AI model before it is published or used, and avoid using generative-AI models for critical decisions, such as those involving significant resources or human welfare.
12. What can we learn about AI from the first two paragraphs?
A. Its value lies in its practical application by firms.
B. It performs the same abilities humans own.
C. It’s always being used when we surf the websites.
D. It has been widely used by profitable companies.
13. What does underlined word “biased” in paragraph 4 mean?
A. Unclear. B. Unimportant. C. Unreliable. D. Unusual.
14. Who are mostly responsible for reducing the risks when using AI?
A. Produces and personal users.
B. Developers and operating firms.
C. Personal users and data collectors.
D. Operating companies and personal users.
15. What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To analyze the advantages and disadvantages of AI.
B. To lead companies to improve efficiency with AI.
C To introduce AI and ways to overcome their limitations.
D. To tell customers how to operate AI correctly and precisely.
【答案】12. A 13. C 14. B 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能的相关内容以及其可能带来的风险，并就如何降低风险给出一定建议。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“By using artificial intelligence, companies have the potential to make business more efficient and profitable. But ultimately, the value of artificial intelligence isn’t in the systems themselves but in how companies use those systems to assist humans — and their ability to explain what those systems do — in a way that builds and earns trust.(通过使用人工智能，公司有可能提高业务效率和盈利能力。但最终，人工智能价值不在于系统本身，而在于公司如何使用这些系统来帮助人类——以及他们解释这些系统做什么的能力——以一种建立和赢得信任的方式)”可知，人工智能的价值在于公司如何使用这些系统来帮助人类。故选A。
【13题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线单词下一句“because it’s built on the gender, racial, and various other limitations of the internet and society more generally.(因为它是建立在性别、种族和更为普遍地建立在其他各种限制的互联网和社会中)”可知，人工智能有时是带有偏见的。因此划线单词的意思和“有偏见、不可靠的”相近。选项A“Unclear (不清楚的)”；选项B“Unimportant (不重要的)”；选项C“Unreliable (不可靠的)”；选项D“Unusual (不同寻常的)”。故选C。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“These risks can be reduced, however, in a few ways. For one, it’s crucial to carefully select the initial data used to tarin these models to avoid including toxic (中毒) or incorrect content. Next, rather than operating an off-the-shelf generative-AI model, organizations could consider using smaller, specialized models. Organizations with more resources could also customize a general model based on their own data to fit their needs and minimize shortcoming.(然而，这些风险可以通过几种方式降低。首先，仔细选择用于这些模型的初始数据以避免包含有毒或不正确的内容是至关重要的。接下来，与其使用现成的生成人工智能模型，组织可以考虑使用更小、更专业的模型。拥有更多资源的组织也可以根据他们自己的数据定制通用模型，以满足他们的需求并最小化缺点)”可知，文章认为人工智能的风险可以通过两种方式降低，第一是仔细选择用于这些模型的初始数据，这是由开放商来筛选；第二是可以考虑使用更小、更专业的模型，这是由运营公司来操作的。故选B。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“AI is a machine’s ability to perform the cognitive (认知的) functions we associate with human minds, such as reasoning, learning, interacting with an environment, problem solving, and even exercising creativity.(人工智能是一种机器执行认知功能的能力，我们将其与人类的思维联系在一起，比如推理、学习、与环境互动、解决问题，甚至锻炼创造力)”以及最后一段“These risks can be reduced, however, in a few ways.(然而，这些风险可以通过几种方式降低。)”可知，文章主要介绍了人工智能以及如何降低其风险。故选C。
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A keto (生酮类) diet stresses high intake of animal and vegetable fats, and proteins, in place of carbohydrates (碳水化合物). The appeal of this diet is clear -- you’re encouraged to eat delicious, high fat foods like hard cheese, butter, bacon and steak in plentiful amounts. ____16____ So your body is forced to burn stored fat for fuel instead of carbohydrate.
____17____ When ketones are present, the body transitions into a metabolic (新陈代谢的) state called ketosis. People sometimes experience dry mouth or feeling overall unwell when they start the diet -- symptoms of ketosis called the “keto flu”. But once your body adapts, those symptoms will usually disappear.
For the body to remain in ketosis, carbohydrate intake must be reduced to 10 percent, which means restricting a lot of food groups. Grains, fruits, vegetables, many dairy products and even nuts that contain carbohydrates must be limited. ____18____
But is the keto diet good for you? According to a report from the American Heart Association, not so much. In fact, keto ranked as one of the unhealthiest. ____19____ Why? Because it restricts food groups considered essential for a heart-healthy diet and instead promotes fat sources that are strongly discouraged.
“Based on what we know about this diet, the foods that are included and emphasized, the foods that are limited, we do conclude that it would be associated with higher risk of heart disease,” says Petersen, who contributed to the recent American Heart Association (AHA) report. “ ____20____ But we know in the short-term studies that ketogenic diet can lead to higher health risks.”
A. Burning fat is considered an ideal way to lose weight.
B. Its key lies in very low carbohydrate intake and high fat consumption.
C. Ketones are chemicals that the body produces when it starts breaking down fat for energy.
D. The report categorized popular diets into four levels, and keto was placed in level four--the lowest.
E. So far, there are not yet any long-term studies that reveal the health effects for people following the keto diet.
F. The alternative way to follow keto is consuming large amounts of higher fat dairy and fattier cuts of meat.
G. However, that can become even harder to maintain since many of those sources also contain carbohydrates.
【答案】16. B 17. C 18. G 19. D 20. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了生酮饮食的相关内容，包括其具体功效以及可能存在的隐患。
【16题详解】
根据空前内容“The appeal of this diet is clear -- you’re encouraged to eat delicious, high fat foods like hard cheese, butter, bacon and steak in plentiful amounts. (这种饮食的吸引力是显而易见的——鼓励你吃大量美味的高脂肪食物，如硬奶酪、黄油、培根和牛排)”可知，这种饮食鼓励人们摄入大量高脂肪食物。选项B“Its key lies in very low carbohydrate intake and high fat consumption.(它的关键在于低碳水化合物的摄入和高脂肪的消耗)”符合上文内容，指的都是生酮饮食需要摄入高脂肪食物，同时与下文内容“So your body is forced to burn stored fat for fuel instead of carbohydrate.(所以你的身体被迫燃烧储存的脂肪而不是碳水化合物作为燃料)”构成因果关系。故选B。
【17题详解】
根据空后内容“When ketones are present, the body transitions into a metabolic (新陈代谢) state called ketosis. People sometimes experience dry mouth or feeling overall unwell when they start the diet -- symptoms of ketosis called the “keto flu”. But once your body adapts, those symptoms will usually disappear.(当酮存在时，身体转变为一种称为酮症的代谢状态。当人们开始这种饮食时，有时会感到口干或全身不适——这是一种被称为“酮症流感”的酮症症状。但一旦你的身体适应了，这些症状通常就会消失)”可知，下文主要解释了酮在或不在身体中存在时的身体症状。选项C“Ketones are chemicals that the body produces when it starts breaking down fat for energy.(酮是身体开始分解脂肪获取能量时产生的化学物质)”与下文内容一致，讲述的都是酮代谢的相关信息。故选C。
【18题详解】
根据空前内容“For the body to remain in ketosis, carbohydrate intake must be reduced to 10 percent, which means restricting a lot of food groups. Grains, fruits, vegetables, many dairy products and even nuts that contain carbohydrates must be limited.(为了使身体保持酮症状态，碳水化合物的摄入量必须减少到10%，这意味着要限制很多食物种类。含有的碳水化合物的谷物、水果、蔬菜、许多乳制品甚至坚果都必须加以限制)”可知，为了维持酮症状态，碳水化合物的摄入量需要大量减少。选项G“However, that can become even harder to maintain since many of those sources also contain carbohydrates.(然而，这可能会变得更加难以维持，因为许多这些来源也含有碳水化合物)”是上文内容的延续，其中的“those sources”指的正是上文的“Grains, fruits, vegetables, many dairy products and even nuts”。故选G。
【19题详解】
根据空前的“According to a report from the American Heart Association, not so much. In fact, keto ranked as one of the un healthiest.(根据美国心脏协会的一份报告，事实并非如此。事实上，生酮被列为最不健康的食物之一)”可知，美国心脏协会的报告认为生酮是不健康的食物之一。选项D“The report categorized popular diets into four levels, and keto was placed in level four--the lowest.(该报告将流行的饮食分为四个等级，生酮被列为第四级——最低的)”与上文内容一致，指的都是美国心脏协会的报告认为生酮是不健康的。故选D。
【20题详解】
根据下文内容“But we know in the short-term studies that ketogenic diet can lead to higher health risks.(但我们知道，在短期研究中，生酮饮食会导致更高的健康风险)”可知，下文讲述的是根据短期研究生酮饮食会导致更高的健康风险。选项E“So far, there are not yet any long-term studies that reveal the health effects for people following the keto diet.(到目前为止，还没有任何长期的研究揭示酮类饮食对人们健康的影响)”指的是没有任何长期的研究揭示酮类饮食对人们健康的影响。与下文的“in the short-term studies”相一致。故选E。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Ma Hongda, a 22-year-old, became the first Chinese to win gold in the Plastering (抹灰) and Drywall Systems Event at the WorldSkills Competition 2022 in France. Hearing the news, the Chinese team ____21____ with joy.
Ma is a student ____22____ in architectural decoration from Zhejiang Construction Technician College. He was ____23____ into the college’s center for training candidates for the competition five years ago and he has trained hard to improve his skills and get ____24____ for the competition.
Every morning at five, he arrives at the center and ____25____ more than ten hours. As he has to gather all the muscles of his body during training, ____26____ those on his hands, he has ____27____ countless gloves. And to relieve the pressure on his hand muscles caused by longtime ____28____, he needs to undergo medical treatment regularly.
Many people think plastering does not require ____29____ technical knowledge, but an international competition does not allow an operating _____30_____ of more than 1 millimeter. Ma told The Beijing Times that the _____31_____ used to plaster every time differs and it requires contestants to _____32_____ experience from day-to-day practice.
In Ma’s _____33_____, highly skilled technical workers are those who insist on their professional areas and make _____34_____ to the society. “No matter what industry they are engaged in, they will _____35_____ as long as they keep learning and are dedicated to their professions,” Ma said.
21. A. comforted B. cheered C. smiled D. gestured
22. A. majoring B. dealing C. advertising D. resulting
23. A. described B. developed C. changed D. selected
24. A. qualifications B. intelligence C. education D. knowledge
25. A. promotes B. competes C. trains D. performs
26. A. respectively B. especially C. originally D. specially
27. A. carried out B. tried out C. worn out D. worked out
28. A. practice B. service C. experience D. routine
29. A. basic B. average C. absolute D. sound
30. A. situation B. system C. error D. method
31. A. disappointment B. strength C. trouble D. satisfaction
32. A. accumulate B. absorb C. expand D. pursue
33. A. impression B. information C. intention D. opinion
34. A. additions B. sacrifices C. contributions D. measurements
35. A. flash B. admire C. survive D. shine
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. B 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. C 31. B 32. A 33. D 34. C 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报导了22岁的马宏达在2022年世界技能大赛中，成为第一位获得“刮腻子”金牌的中国人。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：听到这个消息，中国队喜悦地欢呼起来。A. comforted安慰；B. cheered欢呼；C. smiled微笑；D. gestured打手势。根据上文“Ma Hongda, a 22-year-old, became the first Chinese to win gold in the Plastering (抹灰) and Drywall Systems Event at the WorldSkills Competition 2022 in France.”可知，马宏达在世界技能大赛中获得金牌，因此中国队会欢呼。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：马宏达是浙江建筑职业技术学院建筑装饰专业的学生。A. majoring主修；B. dealing处理；C. advertising打广告；D. resulting导致。根据下文“in architectural decoration from Zhejiang Construction Technician College”可推知，马宏达学的是建筑装饰专业，即主修这个专业。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：五年前，他被选入学院培训比赛候选人的中心，他努力训练，提高自己的技能，获得比赛资格。A. described描述；B. developed发展；C. changed改变；D. selected挑选。根据下文“the college’s center for training candidates for the competition”可推知，马宏达当时作为学生应该是被选入学院的这个中心进行培训。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：五年前，他被选入学院培训比赛候选人的中心，他努力训练，提高自己的技能，获得比赛资格。A. qualifications资格；B. intelligence智力；C. education教育；D. knowledge知识。根据上文“the college’s center for training candidates for the competition”和下文“for the competition”可推知，这个中心培训比赛候选人，马宏达应该是通过训练获得了参加这个比赛的资格。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：每天早上5点，他到达训练中心，训练10多个小时。A. promotes促进；B. competes竞争；C. trains训练；D. performs执行。根据上文“he has trained hard to improve his skills”可知，马宏达是在训练。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：因为在训练中要集中全身的肌肉，尤其是手上的肌肉，他已经磨破了无数的手套。A. respectively分别地；B. especially尤其；C. originally最初；D. specially特别地。根据上文“gather all the muscles of his body during training”、下文“those on his hands”和常识可知，给墙面抹灰需要尤其需要用到手上的肌肉。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：因为在训练中要集中全身的肌肉，尤其是手上的肌肉，他已经磨破了无数的手套。A. carried out进行；B. tried out尝试；C. worn out磨损；D. worked out解决。根据上文“As he has to gather all the muscles of his body during training, ____6____ those on his hands”可推知，给墙面抹灰非常耗费力气，特别是要用手，因此会磨破无数的手套。故选C。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了减轻长期练习对手部肌肉造成的压力，他需要定期接受医疗治疗。A. practice练习；B. service服务；C. experience经历；D. routine常规。根据上文描述的马宏达非常刻苦地进行训练可知，此处指长期练习对手部肌肉造成的压力。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很多人认为抹灰不需要全面的技术知识，但国际比赛不允许操作误差超过1毫米。A. basic基本的；B. average一般的；C. absolute绝对的；D. sound全面的。根据下文“but an international competition does not allow an operating ____10____ of more than 1 millimeter”和常识可推知，sound“全面的”符合语境，强调很多人认为抹灰不需要全面的技术知识，但实际上比赛要求很高。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：很多人认为抹灰不需要全面的技术知识，但国际比赛不允许操作误差超过1毫米。A. situation情况；B. system系统；C. error错误；D. method方法。根据上文“an international competition”和常识可推知，国际比赛对操作上的要求会很高，不允许操作误差超过1毫米。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：马宏达在接受《京华时报》采访时表示，每次抹灰的力度不同，需要选手在日常练习中积累经验。A. disappointment失望；B. strength力量；C. trouble麻烦；D. satisfaction满意。根据下文“used to plaster every time differs”和常识可推知，抹灰使用的力量会有差别。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：马宏达在接受《京华时报》采访时表示，每次抹灰的力度不同，需要选手在日常练习中积累经验。A. accumulate积累；B. absorb吸收；C. expand展开；D. pursue追求。根据下文“experience from day-to-day practice”可推知，accumulate“积累”符合语境，表示在日常练习中积累经验。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在马宏达看来，高技能的技术工人是那些坚持自己的专业领域，为社会做出贡献的人。A. impression印象；B. information信息；C. intention意图；D. opinion看法。根据下文“highly skilled technical workers are those who insist on their professional areas and make ____14____ to the society”可知，马宏达在发表自己对于高技能的技术工人的看法，因此opinion“看法”符合语境，in one’s opinion是固定短语，意为“在某人看来”。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在马宏达看来，高技能的技术工人是那些坚持自己的专业领域，为社会做出贡献的人。A. additions补充；B. sacrifices牺牲；C. contributions贡献；D. measurements测量。根据下文“to the society”和常识可推知，此处表示高技能的技术工人应为社会做出贡献，make contributions to是固定短语，意为“为……做出贡献”。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“无论他们从事什么行业，只要他们不断学习并致力于自己的职业，他们都会表现出众，”马宏达说。A. flash闪光；B. admire欣赏；C. survive生存；D. shine表现出众。根据下文“as long as they keep learning and are dedicated to their professions”可推知，不断学习并致力于自己的职业的人一定会表现出众，脱颖而出。故选D。
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A mooncake is around fat cake with ingredients inside, which by its roundedness ____36____ (symbol) reunion. There are some legends ____37____ (regard) the origin of the mooncake.
According to a novel ____38____ (write) in the Tang Dynasty, once cm per or Xuanzong was enjoying the full moon in his palace on ____39____ 15th of the lunar month, a magician brought him to the Moon Palace, ____40____ the emperor saw hundreds of pretty fairies in white dresses dancing ____41____ (graceful). This story greatly aroused the common people’s desire ____42____ (visit) the moon. The practice of enjoying the full moon at harvest time became more and more popular, and later people started to eat moon cakes and drink wine.
____43____ is worth mentioning is that in ancient times, all mooncakes were home made, while today, most people buy manufactured (加工好的) mooncakes. Numerous kinds of delicately-made moon cakes are available in the market. Nearly all moon cakes have Chinese characters on them, which express good wishes, such as “wealth and honor”, ____44____ others describe beautiful pictures, such as, “Chang’e going to the moon” and “three ponds reflecting the moon”. In terms of _____45_____ (vary), there are Jiangsu style, Guangdong style, Beijing style, Chaozhou style, and Yunnan style, etc., all enjoying inviting appearance and delicious taste.
【答案】36. symbolizes
37. regarding
38. written
39. the 40. where
41. gracefully
42. to visit
43. What 44. while
45. variety
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中秋节吃月饼这一习俗的起源以及月饼的相关信息。
【36题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：月饼是一个圆胖的蛋糕，里面有配料，它的圆形象征着团圆。这里为从句的谓语动词，用动词symbolize“象征”，根据上下文可知，从句为一般现在时；主语为“roundedness”，单数，和动词“symbolize”之间为主动关系。故填symbolizes。
【37题详解】
考查介词。句意：关于月饼的起源有一些传说。根据句意可知，空后是“关于”月饼起源，用介词“regarding”，意为“关于”。故填regarding。
【38题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：据唐代的一部小说记载，有一次农历正月十五，唐玄宗在宫中赏月，一位魔术师把他带到月宫，皇帝在那里看到数百个穿着白衣的美丽仙女翩翩起舞。这里为非谓语动词担当后置定语，和被修饰词“a novel”之间为被动关系，用过去分词。故填written。
【39题详解】
考查冠词。句意：据唐代的一部小说记载，有一次农历正月十五，唐玄宗在宫中赏月，一位魔术师把他带到月宫，皇帝在那里看到数百个穿着白衣的美丽仙女翩翩起舞。修饰序数词“15th”用定冠词the。故填the。
【40题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：据唐代的一部小说记载，有一次农历正月十五，唐玄宗在宫中赏月，一位魔术师把他带到月宫，皇帝在那里看到数百个穿着白衣的美丽仙女翩翩起舞。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“the Moon Palace”，在定语从句中担当地点状语，用关系副词where引导。故填where。
【41题详解】
考查副词。句意：据唐代的一部小说记载，有一次农历正月十五，唐玄宗在宫中赏月，一位魔术师把他带到月宫，皇帝在那里看到数百个穿着白衣的美丽仙女翩翩起舞。修饰动词“dance”用副词形式。故填gracefully。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这个故事极大地激起了老百姓去月球的愿望。非谓语动词担当名词“desire”的后置定语，用动词不定式形式，表示“……的愿望”。故填to visit。
【43题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：值得一提的是，在古代，所有的月饼都是自制的，而今天，大多数人都购买人工制作的月饼。这里为主语从句的连接词，主语从句缺少主语，表示物，用what。故填What。
【44题详解】
考查连词。句意：几乎所有的月饼上面都有汉字，这些汉字表达了美好的祝愿，比如“富贵”，而其他的月饼则描绘了美丽的画面，比如“嫦娥登月”和“三潭印月”。根据句意可知，空格前后的内容是转折对比关系，所以应该用连词while“然而”，强调前后两者的对比。故填while。
【45题详解】
考查名词。句意：品种方面，有苏式、粤式、京式、潮式、滇式等，外观诱人，味道鲜美。分析句子成分可知，介词of后接名词形式。故填variety。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，你校即将举办一年一度的科技节，拟在形式和主题上进行创新。请你代表学生会给外教Ryan写一封邮件， 邀请他当评委。内容如下：
1.征求意见；
2.发出邀请。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Ryan,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
LiHua
【答案】Dear Ryan,
As you may know, our school is preparing for the annual Science and Technology Festival, which is a major event for our students and faculty. We are seeking new and innovative ways to make this year’s festival a success, and your advice would be greatly appreciated.
Furthermore, we would be honored if you would consider serving as a judge for the festival. Your expertise and experience would be invaluable in evaluating the projects and presentations of our students.
Thank you for your consideration, and please let us know if you have any questions or concerns. We are looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours,
LiHua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文写作中的邀请信。要求考生代表学生会给外教Ryan写一封邮件， 邀请他当科技节的评委。
【详解】1.词汇积累
一年一度的：annual→ yearly
此外：furthermore→ what’s more/besides
考虑：consider → think about
无价的：invaluable→ priceless/precious
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：We are seeking new and innovative ways to make this year’s festival a success, and your advice would be greatly appreciated.
拓展句：We are seeking new and innovative ways that will make this year’s festival a success, and your advice would be greatly appreciated.
【点睛】【高分句型1】As you may know, our school is preparing for the annual Science and Technology Festival, which is a major event for our students and faculty.（运用了as引导的非限制性定语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】Furthermore, we would be honored if you would consider serving as a judge for the festival.（运用了if引导的条件状语从句）
第二节 (满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was Christmas Eve and I was feeling sad because there was not enough money to buy the dress I wanted. After supper I sat by the fire place and waited for Dad to read as usual. I was still feeling sorry for myself and, to be honest, wasn’t in much of a mood to listen to him. But Pa didn’t. Instead, he put on his coat and went outside.
It was a cold, clear night, and there was ice in Pa’s beard when he came back in. “Come on, Elizabeth,” he said. “Put on your coat. It’s cold out.”
I was upset. Not only wasn’t I getting the dress, but now Pa was dragging me out in the cold. I followed him and Ma gave me a mysterious smile as I opened the door.
Outside, I became even sadder. There, in front of the house, was the old tractor--whatever we were going to do wasn’t going to be a quick job. I reluctantly climbed up beside Dad, the cold already biting at me.
We pulled in front of the woodshed (柴棚) and started to load the wood.
Confused, I asked Dad “What are you doing?”
“Have you been by the Clarks lately?” he asked.
Mrs. Clark lived about two miles from us. Her husband had passed away the year before, leaving her with three children to raise on her own.
“Yeah,” I said. “Why?”
“I rode by just today,” Dad said. “Little Jake was out around in the woodpile, trying to find a few chips. They’re out of wood.” That was all he said. We piled the wood so high that I began to wonder whether we could pull it.
Dad then took out a big bag from the tractor. “What’s in it?” I asked. “Shoes. They’re out of shoes. Little Jake was out on bare feet,” I could not understand why it was our concern when the Clarks had closer neighbors than us.
After along while, we unloaded the wood behind the Clark’s house and knocked ion the door.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
As the door opened, there came a trembling voice.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Dad comforted me on the way home.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】As the door opened, there came a trembling voice. “Who’s there?” It was Little Jake, his eyes wide and face pale with fear. “It’s only us, sweetheart,” said Dad as he picked the little boy up and carried him inside. “Don’t be afraid.” Little Jake was shivering with cold and fear. So Dad brought in the wood and made a fire in the fireplace to warm him up. “We’ll get you more shoes and clothes,” I promised, as I understood why Dad was so determined to help. As we left the Clark’s house, little Jake gave me a hug and said, “Thank you for helping my family.”
Dad comforted me on the way home. “You see, Elizabeth,” he said, “there are some people who need our help. Tonight, we helped them.” I nodded, feeling proud of my father’s wisdom and understanding. At the same time, I was much happier than getting a new dress. It was a lesson in humanity that I would never forget.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者度过的一次难忘的圣诞节，作者正因为没有得到想要的裙子而难过，而父亲却带着作者拉了一车木头来到了邻近的邻居那儿。作者看到邻居窘迫的境况终于明白了父亲的心意。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“当门打开时，传来一个颤抖的声音。”以及第二段首句内容“爸爸在回家的路上安慰我。”可知，第一段可描写作者和爸爸如何帮助Clark一家。
②由第二段首句内容“爸爸在回家的路上安慰我。”可知，第二段可描写作者在父亲的解释下明白了父亲的良苦用心。
2.续写线索：屋里传来颤抖的声音——小Jake有点害怕——送木柴衣服和鞋——小Jake感激——父亲安慰作者——理解帮助他人的快乐——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①颤抖：shiver/shake/quiver
②承诺：promise/make a promise
③决定做某事：be determined to do/decide to do
情绪类
①害怕：fear/fright/terror
②对……感到自豪：feel proud of/take pride in
【点睛】【高分句型1】“We’ll get you more shoes and clothes,” I promised, as I understood why Dad was so determined to help.（运用了as引导的状语从句和why引导的宾语从句）
2022-2023学年度第二学期高二教学质量检测
英语
注意事项：
1.答题前，考生务必先将自己的姓名、考生号填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳的选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What will the woman do for the man?
A. Pay for his loss. B. Help him wash clothes. C. Buy him a new sweater.
2. Where are the speakers probably?
A. At a hotel. B. At a doctor’s. C. At a hairdresser’s.
3. How old is the woman probably?
A. 19 years old. B. 20 years old. C. 21 years old.
4. What dd the woman mainly do in the afternoons last week?
A. She tended crops. B. She went walking. C. She worked in a gallery.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. Wage levels. B. Food prices. C. Product safety.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What is the probable relationship between the speaker?
A. Relatives. B. Strangers. C. Classmates.
7. What does the man suggest the woman do?
A. Go abroad. B. Try online shopping. C. Buy books for collection.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8 What does the man need urgently?
A. A mouse. B. A computer. C. A microphone.
9. What will the man do after the meeting?
A. Have breakfast. B. Give a presentation. C. Go to the airport.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. How long will the childcare program last?
A. About one month. B. About two months. C. About three months.
11. Who will the volunteers work with?
A. Local nurses. B. Local teachers. C. Local children’s parents.
12. What will the volunteers need to do on workday afternoons?
A. Prepare meals. B. Look after the children. C. Make educational toys.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What does the woman call the man for?
A. An article. B. A meeting. C. A job offer.
14. When was Blitz Express setup?
A. In 2010. B. In 2013. C. In 2016.
15. What mainly contributes to Blitz Express’s success according to the man?
A. The customers’ trust. B. The staff’s hard work. C. The president’s wise leadership.
16. How do most staff members feel about working in Blitz Express?
A. It’s relaxing. B. It’s satisfying. C. It’s demanding.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. Where did the speaker see the carving of mushrooms?
A. At a charity party. B. At an art museum. C. At an award ceremony.
18. What was the carving of mushrooms made of?
A. Rock. B. Wood. C. Glass.
19. What did the artist do for the speaker?
A. He taught her how to carve. B. He gave her an old carving. C. He made her a new carving.
20. What will the speaker probably do next?
A. Take a trip. B. Make a souvenir. C. Do some repair work.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Use the library — Borrowing
The Library is for everyone in our university community. Please use our physical items fairly and return books when others need them.
How to borrow
●You will always need your Ucard to borrow an item.
●There are self-service machines at all libraries.
Number of items
●Undergraduates and taught postgraduates can borrow 40 items.
●Staff and research postgraduates can borrow 75 items.
Loan period
●Standard items are currently guaranteed for 7 days.
●Some specialist items will have different loan periods. To find a specialist item’s loan period, check the individual page of the library that holds the item.
Automatic renewal
●If no one reserves the item, it will automatically renew and you will have it for another guaranteed loan period.
●Items will not automatically renew if your account is blocked.
Unable to return an item
●If you will not be able to return a book in time, you must contact the library.
●If you do not return an item when it is reserved, the book will become overdue and your account will be blocked.
●If an item is not returned and has been overdue for over 2 weeks, you will be charged a full replacement cost.
Any items taken out with your library card are your responsibility. Do not lend them to others.
During university vacations
During university vacation periods, there tum date will be extended on most items. You will be able to keep these items until the end of the vacation, even if it is reserved.
Not all items are available for vacation loan. Always use My Library Account to check the re tum dates of items you are currently borrowing.
If you need a book that is on vacation loan, contact your Subject Librarian.
1. What is the longest loan period if a book is not reserved?
A. 7 days. B. 10 days. C. 14 days. D. 30 days.
2. In which case will a library account be blocked?
A. You fail to renew the book in time. B. You lend the borrowed book to others.
C. The borrowed book is overdue when reserved. D. The borrowed book is kept over 2 weeks，
3. What do we know about holiday borrowing?
A. Librarians are unavailable. B. All items are not allowed for loan.
C. The return date will be postponed in no case . D. Reserved books should be returned as scheduled.
【答案】1. C 2. C 3. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了图书馆使用时的相关注意事项。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章Loan period部分中的“●Standard items are currently guaranteed for 7 days.(标准书籍目前可借阅7天)”、再根据“Automatic renewal”部分中的“If no one reserves the item, it will automatically renew and you will have it for another guaranteed loan period.(如果没有人续借，书将自动续借，你将有另一个借阅期)”可知，如果书籍没有被续借，你最长可借阅7+7=14天。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章Unable to return an item部分中的“If you do not return an item when it is reserved, the book will become overdue and your account will be blocked.(书被预定时如果您还未归还，书将过期，您的帐户将被冻结)”可知，借阅的书籍如果在预定时间还未归还，那么您的账户会被冻结。故选C。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章During university vacations部分中的“Not all items are available for vacation loan. (并不是所有的书籍都可以假期借阅)”可知，并不是所有的书籍都可以假期借阅。故选B。
B
When Josh Warren first asked me to guide at Boston 4 years ago, I of course said yes. But shortly after agreeing, I also became the most nervous and anxious I’d been in a long time. I’d never guided before, let alone met a person who was blind. I felt doomed (注定) to fail from the start, but all changed once I met David Kuhn, a runner who was in need of a sighted guide for Boston.
I should let you know that when I’m nervous I often have a severe case of word vomit and I’ve been known to ask some oddball questions now and again. In a previous life, I should have been a news reporter. That being said, David was in for some interesting company on one of the hardest marathon courses out there.
Fast forward to race morning and we’re packed tight, waiting to start the Boston Marathon. I soon realized David and I share a mutual love of chocolate, especially peanut butter cups. I used it to my advantage along the course and anytime it seemed we might fall behind a bit, I described how there would be peanut butter chocolate heaven at the finish line if we kept running.
Reading the signs as we passed by Wellesley college was a favorite moment of mine. David cracked up at all of the posters, the students were creative, writing things like “It’s hot, but so are you”! I tried to read off the dirtiest signs to keep the laughter going.
A friend of mine mentioned she would be on the course around mile 20 and asked if we wanted anything. When I asked David, he immediately cheered up and said “Fig Newtons”! So when mile 20 rolled around, David’s pace picked up and was crazy about his bag of Fig Newtons!
Looking back on those 3 races I ran with David always puts a smile on my face. Boston is a tough course, and if you add on the unpredictable Boston weather, it can make for a challenging day. Running the race with David makes 26.2 miles seem like a 5 kilometers fun run, with lots of pleasure and a grin from ear to ear. I look forward to our next run and will be sure to bring plenty of chocolate!
4. What does the underlined phrase “word vomit” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. Being sensitive. B. Being acceptable.
C. Being joky. D. Being talkative.
5. Why was the author invited to guide David?
A. He is a fun companion. B. He is an exceptional runner.
C. He loves chocolate as much. D. He likes to read dirty road signs.
6. What role does chocolate play in the race?
A. Supplying energy. B. Providing nutrition.
C. Serving as a prize. D. Boosting spirits.
7. Which of the following can best describe the author?
A. Regretful and unconfident. B. Outgoing and passionate.
C. Hotheaded and anxious. D. Funny and odd.
【答案】4. D 5. A 6. D 7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己受邀给盲人运动员David做比赛引导的故事，虽然一开始非常紧张焦虑，但是作者在比赛途中与David非常合拍，一路充满了笑声和欢乐。
【4题详解】
短语猜测题。根据第二段中“I should let you know that when I’m nervous I often have a severe case of word vomit and I’ve been known to ask some oddball questions now and again. In a previous life, I should have been a news reporter. (我应该让你知道，当我紧张的时候，我经常会有严重的word vomit而且我还会时不时地问一些奇怪的问题。前世，我应该是一名新闻记者)”可知，作者紧张的时候会反复问奇怪的问题，甚至夸张到可以当新闻记者。由此推知，作者这时话非常多，word vomit意思应该是“健谈的”。故选D项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“That being said, David was in for some interesting company on one of the hardest marathon courses out there. (话虽如此，David在最艰难的马拉松赛道上遇到了一些有趣的陪伴)”可知，作者被邀请来引导David是因为他是一个有趣的同伴。故选A项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“I used it to my advantage along the course and anytime it seemed we might fall behind a bit, I described how there would be peanut butter chocolate heaven at the finish line if we kept running. (我在比赛过程中充分利用了这一点，每当我们似乎有点落后时，我就会描述如果我们继续跑下去，终点线会是花生酱巧克力的天堂)”可知，作者利用David和自己对花生酱巧克力的共同喜爱，在落后的时候不断进行鼓励。因此，巧克力在这场比赛中发挥了提振精神的作用。故选D项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者在给David做引导的过程中，一直非常健谈，不断用巧克力激励彼此一直跑下去，在经过韦尔斯利学院的时候，给David阅读指示牌，带来笑声和欢乐。由此推知，作者是一个外向热情的人。故选B项。
C
Small mammals will have a hard time surviving the stressors associated with climate change, according to a new study from the University of Southern Denmark. The experts found that large, long-lived animals are better able to cope with extreme weather such as long-time drought and heavy rainfall.
The researchers analyzed historical population variations among 157 mammal species from around the world. These fluctuations (波动) were compared with weather and climate date from the same time period. The results are providing new insight into how animals respond to extreme weather. In particular, the experts have identified which animal populations will be the hardest hit by climate change.
“We can see a clear pattern: Animals that live a long time and have few offspring are less vulnerable (脆弱的) when extreme weather hits than animals that live for a short time and have many offspring,” said study Professor Owen.
Large animals that live longer can cope better with an extreme event such as a persistent drought because these animals have the option to wait until conditions improve to reproduce. The same weather event would affect small mammals differently, as food sources like insects, flowers, and fruits would disappear quickly.
On the other hand, populations of small mammals may also take advantage when weather conditions improve by producing many offspring.
“These small mammals react quickly to extreme weather, and it goes both ways. Their weakness to extreme weather should therefore not be equated (等同) with a risk of extinction. Our analysis helps predict how different animal species might respond to future climate change based on their general characteristics.” said study co-author Jackson. He emphasized that the ability of animals to endure climate change is not the only factor for their extinction. Habitat destruction, pollution, poaching and invasive species are factors that threaten many animal species — in many cases even more than climate change,” he added.
8. What contributes to certain small mammals’ survival in extreme weather?
A. Their natural lifespan. B. Their high reproductive ability.
C. Their unique body temperature. D. Their small appetite for food.
9. What affects animals’ survival possibility in extreme weather according to paragraph 4?
A. Food sources. B. High temperatures. C. Birthrates. D. Ages.
10. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. Many factors influence the animals characteristics.
B. Climate change is not a factor for the species’ extinction.
C. The animals’ survival ability will improve in the future.
D. Ecology protection is the key to saving species from extinction.
11. What’s the best title of the text?
A. What Influences Animals’ Birth Rate?
B. What Will Animals Do in Extreme Weather?
C. Which Animals Are Mort Affected by Extreme Weather?
D. How Does the Climate Change Influence Weak Animas?
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. D 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，根据南丹麦大学的一项新研究，小型哺乳动物将很难在与气候变化相关的压力源中生存。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“On the other hand, populations of small mammals may also take advantage when weather conditions improve by producing many offspring.(另一方面，小型哺乳动物种群也可能利用天气条件改善的机会繁殖许多后代。)”可知，在极端气候下，小型哺乳动物也可能利用天气条件改善的机会繁殖许多后代从而幸存下来。由此可推断，能让小型哺乳动物在极端气候下幸存下来的原因是其强大的繁殖能力。故选B。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Large animals that live longer can cope better with an extreme event such as a persistent drought because these animals have the option to wait until conditions improve to reproduce. The same weather event would affect small mammals differently, as food sources like insects, flowers, and fruits would disappear quickly.(寿命较长的大型动物可以更好地应对极端事件，如持续干旱，因为这些动物可以选择等到条件改善再繁殖。同样的天气事件会对小型哺乳动物产生不同的影响，因为昆虫、鲜花和水果等食物来源会迅速消失。)可推断，食物来源可能影响动物在极端天气下的生存可能性。故选A。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“He emphasized that the ability of animals to endure climate change is not the only factor for their extinction. “Habitat destruction, pollution, poaching and invasive species are factors that threaten many animal species — in many cases even more than climate change,” he added. (他补充道，“栖息地破坏、污染、偷猎和入侵物种是威胁许多动物物种的因素，在许多情况下甚至比气候变化更严重。”)可知，保护生态是拯救物种免于灭绝的关键。故选D。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“The researchers analyzed historical population variations among 157 mammal species from around the world. These fluctuations (波动) were compared with weather and climate date from the same time period. The results are providing new insight into how animals respond to extreme weather. In particular, the experts have identified which animal populations will be the hardest hit by climate change.(研究人员分析了世界各地157种哺乳动物的历史种群变化。这些波动与同一时期的天气和气候数据进行了比较。研究结果为研究动物如何应对极端天气提供了新的视角。特别是，专家们已经确定了哪些动物种群将受到气候变化的最严重打击。)”可知，文章主要介绍了研究人员经过研究分析，最终确定哪些动物种群将受到气候变化的最严重打击。故选C。
D
AI is a machine’s ability to perform the cognitive (认知的) functions we associate with human minds, such as reasoning, learning, interacting with an environment, problem solving, and even exercising creativity. You’ve probably interacted with AI even if you didn’t realize it — voice assistants like Siri and Alexa are founded on AI technology, as are some customer service chatbots that pop up to aid you to explore websites.
By using artificial intelligence, companies have the potential to make business more efficient and profitable. But ultimately, the value of artificial intelligence isn’t in the systems themselves but in how companies use those systems to assist humans — and their ability to explain what those systems do — in a way that builds and earns trust.
Since they are so new, we have yet to see the long-tail effect of AI models. This means there are some risks involved in using them — some known and some unknown.
The outputs AI models produce may often sound extremely convincing. This is by design. But sometimes the information they generate is just plain wrong. Worse, sometimes it’s biased, because it’s built on the gender, racial, and various other limitations of the internet and society more generally. And it can even be operated to enable immoral or criminal activity.
These risks can be reduced, however, in a few ways. For one, it’s crucial to carefully select the initial data used to tarin these models to avoid including toxic (中毒的) or incorrect content. Next, rather than operating an off-the-shelf generative-AI model, organizations could consider using smaller, specialized models. Organizations with more resources could also customize a general model based on their own data to fit their needs and minimize shortcoming. Organizations should also keep a human in the process — make sure a real human checks the output of a generative-AI model before it is published or used, and avoid using generative-AI models for critical decisions, such as those involving significant resources or human welfare.
12. What can we learn about AI from the first two paragraphs?
A. Its value lies in its practical application by firms.
B. It performs the same abilities humans own.
C. It’s always being used when we surf the websites.
D. It has been widely used by profitable companies.
13. What does underlined word “biased” in paragraph 4 mean?
A. Unclear. B. Unimportant. C. Unreliable. D. Unusual.
14. Who are mostly responsible for reducing the risks when using AI?
A. Produces and personal users.
B. Developers and operating firms.
C. Personal users and data collectors.
D. Operating companies and personal users.
15. What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To analyze the advantages and disadvantages of AI.
B. To lead companies to improve efficiency with AI.
C To introduce AI and ways to overcome their limitations.
D. To tell customers how to operate AI correctly and precisely.
【答案】12. A 13. C 14. B 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能的相关内容以及其可能带来的风险，并就如何降低风险给出一定建议。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“By using artificial intelligence, companies have the potential to make business more efficient and profitable. But ultimately, the value of artificial intelligence isn’t in the systems themselves but in how companies use those systems to assist humans — and their ability to explain what those systems do — in a way that builds and earns trust.(通过使用人工智能，公司有可能提高业务效率和盈利能力。但最终，人工智能价值不在于系统本身，而在于公司如何使用这些系统来帮助人类——以及他们解释这些系统做什么的能力——以一种建立和赢得信任的方式)”可知，人工智能的价值在于公司如何使用这些系统来帮助人类。故选A。
【13题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线单词下一句“because it’s built on the gender, racial, and various other limitations of the internet and society more generally.(因为它是建立在性别、种族和更为普遍地建立在其他各种限制的互联网和社会中)”可知，人工智能有时是带有偏见的。因此划线单词的意思和“有偏见、不可靠的”相近。选项A“Unclear (不清楚的)”；选项B“Unimportant (不重要的)”；选项C“Unreliable (不可靠的)”；选项D“Unusual (不同寻常的)”。故选C。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“These risks can be reduced, however, in a few ways. For one, it’s crucial to carefully select the initial data used to tarin these models to avoid including toxic (中毒) or incorrect content. Next, rather than operating an off-the-shelf generative-AI model, organizations could consider using smaller, specialized models. Organizations with more resources could also customize a general model based on their own data to fit their needs and minimize shortcoming.(然而，这些风险可以通过几种方式降低。首先，仔细选择用于这些模型的初始数据以避免包含有毒或不正确的内容是至关重要的。接下来，与其使用现成的生成人工智能模型，组织可以考虑使用更小、更专业的模型。拥有更多资源的组织也可以根据他们自己的数据定制通用模型，以满足他们的需求并最小化缺点)”可知，文章认为人工智能的风险可以通过两种方式降低，第一是仔细选择用于这些模型的初始数据，这是由开放商来筛选；第二是可以考虑使用更小、更专业的模型，这是由运营公司来操作的。故选B。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“AI is a machine’s ability to perform the cognitive (认知的) functions we associate with human minds, such as reasoning, learning, interacting with an environment, problem solving, and even exercising creativity.(人工智能是一种机器执行认知功能的能力，我们将其与人类的思维联系在一起，比如推理、学习、与环境互动、解决问题，甚至锻炼创造力)”以及最后一段“These risks can be reduced, however, in a few ways.(然而，这些风险可以通过几种方式降低。)”可知，文章主要介绍了人工智能以及如何降低其风险。故选C。
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A keto (生酮类) diet stresses high intake of animal and vegetable fats, and proteins, in place of carbohydrates (碳水化合物). The appeal of this diet is clear -- you’re encouraged to eat delicious, high fat foods like hard cheese, butter, bacon and steak in plentiful amounts. ____16____ So your body is forced to burn stored fat for fuel instead of carbohydrate.
____17____ When ketones are present, the body transitions into a metabolic (新陈代谢的) state called ketosis. People sometimes experience dry mouth or feeling overall unwell when they start the diet -- symptoms of ketosis called the “keto flu”. But once your body adapts, those symptoms will usually disappear.
For the body to remain in ketosis, carbohydrate intake must be reduced to 10 percent, which means restricting a lot of food groups. Grains, fruits, vegetables, many dairy products and even nuts that contain carbohydrates must be limited. ____18____
But is the keto diet good for you? According to a report from the American Heart Association, not so much. In fact, keto ranked as one of the unhealthiest. ____19____ Why? Because it restricts food groups considered essential for a heart-healthy diet and instead promotes fat sources that are strongly discouraged.
“Based on what we know about this diet, the foods that are included and emphasized, the foods that are limited, we do conclude that it would be associated with higher risk of heart disease,” says Petersen, who contributed to the recent American Heart Association (AHA) report. “ ____20____ But we know in the short-term studies that ketogenic diet can lead to higher health risks.”
A. Burning fat is considered an ideal way to lose weight.
B. Its key lies in very low carbohydrate intake and high fat consumption.
C. Ketones are chemicals that the body produces when it starts breaking down fat for energy.
D. The report categorized popular diets into four levels, and keto was placed in level four--the lowest.
E. So far, there are not yet any long-term studies that reveal the health effects for people following the keto diet.
F. The alternative way to follow keto is consuming large amounts of higher fat dairy and fattier cuts of meat.
G. However, that can become even harder to maintain since many of those sources also contain carbohydrates.
【答案】16. B 17. C 18. G 19. D 20. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了生酮饮食的相关内容，包括其具体功效以及可能存在的隐患。
【16题详解】
根据空前内容“The appeal of this diet is clear -- you’re encouraged to eat delicious, high fat foods like hard cheese, butter, bacon and steak in plentiful amounts. (这种饮食的吸引力是显而易见的——鼓励你吃大量美味的高脂肪食物，如硬奶酪、黄油、培根和牛排)”可知，这种饮食鼓励人们摄入大量高脂肪食物。选项B“Its key lies in very low carbohydrate intake and high fat consumption.(它的关键在于低碳水化合物的摄入和高脂肪的消耗)”符合上文内容，指的都是生酮饮食需要摄入高脂肪食物，同时与下文内容“So your body is forced to burn stored fat for fuel instead of carbohydrate.(所以你的身体被迫燃烧储存的脂肪而不是碳水化合物作为燃料)”构成因果关系。故选B。
【17题详解】
根据空后内容“When ketones are present, the body transitions into a metabolic (新陈代谢) state called ketosis. People sometimes experience dry mouth or feeling overall unwell when they start the diet -- symptoms of ketosis called the “keto flu”. But once your body adapts, those symptoms will usually disappear.(当酮存在时，身体转变为一种称为酮症的代谢状态。当人们开始这种饮食时，有时会感到口干或全身不适——这是一种被称为“酮症流感”的酮症症状。但一旦你的身体适应了，这些症状通常就会消失)”可知，下文主要解释了酮在或不在身体中存在时的身体症状。选项C“Ketones are chemicals that the body produces when it starts breaking down fat for energy.(酮是身体开始分解脂肪获取能量时产生的化学物质)”与下文内容一致，讲述的都是酮代谢的相关信息。故选C。
【18题详解】
根据空前内容“For the body to remain in ketosis, carbohydrate intake must be reduced to 10 percent, which means restricting a lot of food groups. Grains, fruits, vegetables, many dairy products and even nuts that contain carbohydrates must be limited.(为了使身体保持酮症状态，碳水化合物的摄入量必须减少到10%，这意味着要限制很多食物种类。含有的碳水化合物的谷物、水果、蔬菜、许多乳制品甚至坚果都必须加以限制)”可知，为了维持酮症状态，碳水化合物的摄入量需要大量减少。选项G“However, that can become even harder to maintain since many of those sources also contain carbohydrates.(然而，这可能会变得更加难以维持，因为许多这些来源也含有碳水化合物)”是上文内容的延续，其中的“those sources”指的正是上文的“Grains, fruits, vegetables, many dairy products and even nuts”。故选G。
【19题详解】
根据空前的“According to a report from the American Heart Association, not so much. In fact, keto ranked as one of the un healthiest.(根据美国心脏协会的一份报告，事实并非如此。事实上，生酮被列为最不健康的食物之一)”可知，美国心脏协会的报告认为生酮是不健康的食物之一。选项D“The report categorized popular diets into four levels, and keto was placed in level four--the lowest.(该报告将流行的饮食分为四个等级，生酮被列为第四级——最低的)”与上文内容一致，指的都是美国心脏协会的报告认为生酮是不健康的。故选D。
【20题详解】
根据下文内容“But we know in the short-term studies that ketogenic diet can lead to higher health risks.(但我们知道，在短期研究中，生酮饮食会导致更高的健康风险)”可知，下文讲述的是根据短期研究生酮饮食会导致更高的健康风险。选项E“So far, there are not yet any long-term studies that reveal the health effects for people following the keto diet.(到目前为止，还没有任何长期的研究揭示酮类饮食对人们健康的影响)”指的是没有任何长期的研究揭示酮类饮食对人们健康的影响。与下文的“in the short-term studies”相一致。故选E。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Ma Hongda, a 22-year-old, became the first Chinese to win gold in the Plastering (抹灰) and Drywall Systems Event at the WorldSkills Competition 2022 in France. Hearing the news, the Chinese team ____21____ with joy.
Ma is a student ____22____ in architectural decoration from Zhejiang Construction Technician College. He was ____23____ into the college’s center for training candidates for the competition five years ago and he has trained hard to improve his skills and get ____24____ for the competition.
Every morning at five, he arrives at the center and ____25____ more than ten hours. As he has to gather all the muscles of his body during training, ____26____ those on his hands, he has ____27____ countless gloves. And to relieve the pressure on his hand muscles caused by longtime ____28____, he needs to undergo medical treatment regularly.
Many people think plastering does not require ____29____ technical knowledge, but an international competition does not allow an operating _____30_____ of more than 1 millimeter. Ma told The Beijing Times that the _____31_____ used to plaster every time differs and it requires contestants to _____32_____ experience from day-to-day practice.
In Ma’s _____33_____, highly skilled technical workers are those who insist on their professional areas and make _____34_____ to the society. “No matter what industry they are engaged in, they will _____35_____ as long as they keep learning and are dedicated to their professions,” Ma said.
21. A. comforted B. cheered C. smiled D. gestured
22. A. majoring B. dealing C. advertising D. resulting
23. A. described B. developed C. changed D. selected
24. A. qualifications B. intelligence C. education D. knowledge
25. A. promotes B. competes C. trains D. performs
26. A. respectively B. especially C. originally D. specially
27. A. carried out B. tried out C. worn out D. worked out
28. A. practice B. service C. experience D. routine
29. A. basic B. average C. absolute D. sound
30. A. situation B. system C. error D. method
31. A. disappointment B. strength C. trouble D. satisfaction
32. A. accumulate B. absorb C. expand D. pursue
33. A. impression B. information C. intention D. opinion
34. A. additions B. sacrifices C. contributions D. measurements
35. A. flash B. admire C. survive D. shine
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. B 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. C 31. B 32. A 33. D 34. C 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报导了22岁的马宏达在2022年世界技能大赛中，成为第一位获得“刮腻子”金牌的中国人。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：听到这个消息，中国队喜悦地欢呼起来。A. comforted安慰；B. cheered欢呼；C. smiled微笑；D. gestured打手势。根据上文“Ma Hongda, a 22-year-old, became the first Chinese to win gold in the Plastering (抹灰) and Drywall Systems Event at the WorldSkills Competition 2022 in France.”可知，马宏达在世界技能大赛中获得金牌，因此中国队会欢呼。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：马宏达是浙江建筑职业技术学院建筑装饰专业的学生。A. majoring主修；B. dealing处理；C. advertising打广告；D. resulting导致。根据下文“in architectural decoration from Zhejiang Construction Technician College”可推知，马宏达学的是建筑装饰专业，即主修这个专业。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：五年前，他被选入学院培训比赛候选人的中心，他努力训练，提高自己的技能，获得比赛资格。A. described描述；B. developed发展；C. changed改变；D. selected挑选。根据下文“the college’s center for training candidates for the competition”可推知，马宏达当时作为学生应该是被选入学院的这个中心进行培训。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：五年前，他被选入学院培训比赛候选人的中心，他努力训练，提高自己的技能，获得比赛资格。A. qualifications资格；B. intelligence智力；C. education教育；D. knowledge知识。根据上文“the college’s center for training candidates for the competition”和下文“for the competition”可推知，这个中心培训比赛候选人，马宏达应该是通过训练获得了参加这个比赛的资格。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：每天早上5点，他到达训练中心，训练10多个小时。A. promotes促进；B. competes竞争；C. trains训练；D. performs执行。根据上文“he has trained hard to improve his skills”可知，马宏达是在训练。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：因为在训练中要集中全身的肌肉，尤其是手上的肌肉，他已经磨破了无数的手套。A. respectively分别地；B. especially尤其；C. originally最初；D. specially特别地。根据上文“gather all the muscles of his body during training”、下文“those on his hands”和常识可知，给墙面抹灰需要尤其需要用到手上的肌肉。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：因为在训练中要集中全身的肌肉，尤其是手上的肌肉，他已经磨破了无数的手套。A. carried out进行；B. tried out尝试；C. worn out磨损；D. worked out解决。根据上文“As he has to gather all the muscles of his body during training, ____6____ those on his hands”可推知，给墙面抹灰非常耗费力气，特别是要用手，因此会磨破无数的手套。故选C。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了减轻长期练习对手部肌肉造成的压力，他需要定期接受医疗治疗。A. practice练习；B. service服务；C. experience经历；D. routine常规。根据上文描述的马宏达非常刻苦地进行训练可知，此处指长期练习对手部肌肉造成的压力。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很多人认为抹灰不需要全面的技术知识，但国际比赛不允许操作误差超过1毫米。A. basic基本的；B. average一般的；C. absolute绝对的；D. sound全面的。根据下文“but an international competition does not allow an operating ____10____ of more than 1 millimeter”和常识可推知，sound“全面的”符合语境，强调很多人认为抹灰不需要全面的技术知识，但实际上比赛要求很高。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：很多人认为抹灰不需要全面的技术知识，但国际比赛不允许操作误差超过1毫米。A. situation情况；B. system系统；C. error错误；D. method方法。根据上文“an international competition”和常识可推知，国际比赛对操作上的要求会很高，不允许操作误差超过1毫米。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：马宏达在接受《京华时报》采访时表示，每次抹灰的力度不同，需要选手在日常练习中积累经验。A. disappointment失望；B. strength力量；C. trouble麻烦；D. satisfaction满意。根据下文“used to plaster every time differs”和常识可推知，抹灰使用的力量会有差别。故选B。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：马宏达在接受《京华时报》采访时表示，每次抹灰的力度不同，需要选手在日常练习中积累经验。A. accumulate积累；B. absorb吸收；C. expand展开；D. pursue追求。根据下文“experience from day-to-day practice”可推知，accumulate“积累”符合语境，表示在日常练习中积累经验。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在马宏达看来，高技能的技术工人是那些坚持自己的专业领域，为社会做出贡献的人。A. impression印象；B. information信息；C. intention意图；D. opinion看法。根据下文“highly skilled technical workers are those who insist on their professional areas and make ____14____ to the society”可知，马宏达在发表自己对于高技能的技术工人的看法，因此opinion“看法”符合语境，in one’s opinion是固定短语，意为“在某人看来”。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在马宏达看来，高技能的技术工人是那些坚持自己的专业领域，为社会做出贡献的人。A. additions补充；B. sacrifices牺牲；C. contributions贡献；D. measurements测量。根据下文“to the society”和常识可推知，此处表示高技能的技术工人应为社会做出贡献，make contributions to是固定短语，意为“为……做出贡献”。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“无论他们从事什么行业，只要他们不断学习并致力于自己的职业，他们都会表现出众，”马宏达说。A. flash闪光；B. admire欣赏；C. survive生存；D. shine表现出众。根据下文“as long as they keep learning and are dedicated to their professions”可推知，不断学习并致力于自己的职业的人一定会表现出众，脱颖而出。故选D。
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A mooncake is around fat cake with ingredients inside, which by its roundedness ____36____ (symbol) reunion. There are some legends ____37____ (regard) the origin of the mooncake.
According to a novel ____38____ (write) in the Tang Dynasty, once cm per or Xuanzong was enjoying the full moon in his palace on ____39____ 15th of the lunar month, a magician brought him to the Moon Palace, ____40____ the emperor saw hundreds of pretty fairies in white dresses dancing ____41____ (graceful). This story greatly aroused the common people’s desire ____42____ (visit) the moon. The practice of enjoying the full moon at harvest time became more and more popular, and later people started to eat moon cakes and drink wine.
____43____ is worth mentioning is that in ancient times, all mooncakes were home made, while today, most people buy manufactured (加工好的) mooncakes. Numerous kinds of delicately-made moon cakes are available in the market. Nearly all moon cakes have Chinese characters on them, which express good wishes, such as “wealth and honor”, ____44____ others describe beautiful pictures, such as, “Chang’e going to the moon” and “three ponds reflecting the moon”. In terms of _____45_____ (vary), there are Jiangsu style, Guangdong style, Beijing style, Chaozhou style, and Yunnan style, etc., all enjoying inviting appearance and delicious taste.
【答案】36. symbolizes
37. regarding
38. written
39. the 40. where
41. gracefully
42. to visit
43. What 44. while
45. variety
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中秋节吃月饼这一习俗的起源以及月饼的相关信息。
【36题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：月饼是一个圆胖的蛋糕，里面有配料，它的圆形象征着团圆。这里为从句的谓语动词，用动词symbolize“象征”，根据上下文可知，从句为一般现在时；主语为“roundedness”，单数，和动词“symbolize”之间为主动关系。故填symbolizes。
【37题详解】
考查介词。句意：关于月饼的起源有一些传说。根据句意可知，空后是“关于”月饼起源，用介词“regarding”，意为“关于”。故填regarding。
【38题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：据唐代的一部小说记载，有一次农历正月十五，唐玄宗在宫中赏月，一位魔术师把他带到月宫，皇帝在那里看到数百个穿着白衣的美丽仙女翩翩起舞。这里为非谓语动词担当后置定语，和被修饰词“a novel”之间为被动关系，用过去分词。故填written。
【39题详解】
考查冠词。句意：据唐代的一部小说记载，有一次农历正月十五，唐玄宗在宫中赏月，一位魔术师把他带到月宫，皇帝在那里看到数百个穿着白衣的美丽仙女翩翩起舞。修饰序数词“15th”用定冠词the。故填the。
【40题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：据唐代的一部小说记载，有一次农历正月十五，唐玄宗在宫中赏月，一位魔术师把他带到月宫，皇帝在那里看到数百个穿着白衣的美丽仙女翩翩起舞。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“the Moon Palace”，在定语从句中担当地点状语，用关系副词where引导。故填where。
【41题详解】
考查副词。句意：据唐代的一部小说记载，有一次农历正月十五，唐玄宗在宫中赏月，一位魔术师把他带到月宫，皇帝在那里看到数百个穿着白衣的美丽仙女翩翩起舞。修饰动词“dance”用副词形式。故填gracefully。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这个故事极大地激起了老百姓去月球的愿望。非谓语动词担当名词“desire”的后置定语，用动词不定式形式，表示“……的愿望”。故填to visit。
【43题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：值得一提的是，在古代，所有的月饼都是自制的，而今天，大多数人都购买人工制作的月饼。这里为主语从句的连接词，主语从句缺少主语，表示物，用what。故填What。
【44题详解】
考查连词。句意：几乎所有的月饼上面都有汉字，这些汉字表达了美好的祝愿，比如“富贵”，而其他的月饼则描绘了美丽的画面，比如“嫦娥登月”和“三潭印月”。根据句意可知，空格前后的内容是转折对比关系，所以应该用连词while“然而”，强调前后两者的对比。故填while。
【45题详解】
考查名词。句意：品种方面，有苏式、粤式、京式、潮式、滇式等，外观诱人，味道鲜美。分析句子成分可知，介词of后接名词形式。故填variety。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华，你校即将举办一年一度的科技节，拟在形式和主题上进行创新。请你代表学生会给外教Ryan写一封邮件， 邀请他当评委。内容如下：
1.征求意见；
2.发出邀请。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Ryan,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
LiHua
【答案】Dear Ryan,
As you may know, our school is preparing for the annual Science and Technology Festival, which is a major event for our students and faculty. We are seeking new and innovative ways to make this year’s festival a success, and your advice would be greatly appreciated.
Furthermore, we would be honored if you would consider serving as a judge for the festival. Your expertise and experience would be invaluable in evaluating the projects and presentations of our students.
Thank you for your consideration, and please let us know if you have any questions or concerns. We are looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours,
LiHua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文写作中的邀请信。要求考生代表学生会给外教Ryan写一封邮件， 邀请他当科技节的评委。
【详解】1.词汇积累
一年一度的：annual→ yearly
此外：furthermore→ what’s more/besides
考虑：consider → think about
无价的：invaluable→ priceless/precious
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：We are seeking new and innovative ways to make this year’s festival a success, and your advice would be greatly appreciated.
拓展句：We are seeking new and innovative ways that will make this year’s festival a success, and your advice would be greatly appreciated.
【点睛】【高分句型1】As you may know, our school is preparing for the annual Science and Technology Festival, which is a major event for our students and faculty.（运用了as引导的非限制性定语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】Furthermore, we would be honored if you would consider serving as a judge for the festival.（运用了if引导的条件状语从句）
第二节 (满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was Christmas Eve and I was feeling sad because there was not enough money to buy the dress I wanted. After supper I sat by the fire place and waited for Dad to read as usual. I was still feeling sorry for myself and, to be honest, wasn’t in much of a mood to listen to him. But Pa didn’t. Instead, he put on his coat and went outside.
It was a cold, clear night, and there was ice in Pa’s beard when he came back in. “Come on, Elizabeth,” he said. “Put on your coat. It’s cold out.”
I was upset. Not only wasn’t I getting the dress, but now Pa was dragging me out in the cold. I followed him and Ma gave me a mysterious smile as I opened the door.
Outside, I became even sadder. There, in front of the house, was the old tractor--whatever we were going to do wasn’t going to be a quick job. I reluctantly climbed up beside Dad, the cold already biting at me.
We pulled in front of the woodshed (柴棚) and started to load the wood.
Confused, I asked Dad “What are you doing?”
“Have you been by the Clarks lately?” he asked.
Mrs. Clark lived about two miles from us. Her husband had passed away the year before, leaving her with three children to raise on her own.
“Yeah,” I said. “Why?”
“I rode by just today,” Dad said. “Little Jake was out around in the woodpile, trying to find a few chips. They’re out of wood.” That was all he said. We piled the wood so high that I began to wonder whether we could pull it.
Dad then took out a big bag from the tractor. “What’s in it?” I asked. “Shoes. They’re out of shoes. Little Jake was out on bare feet,” I could not understand why it was our concern when the Clarks had closer neighbors than us.
After along while, we unloaded the wood behind the Clark’s house and knocked ion the door.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
As the door opened, there came a trembling voice.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Dad comforted me on the way home.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】As the door opened, there came a trembling voice. “Who’s there?” It was Little Jake, his eyes wide and face pale with fear. “It’s only us, sweetheart,” said Dad as he picked the little boy up and carried him inside. “Don’t be afraid.” Little Jake was shivering with cold and fear. So Dad brought in the wood and made a fire in the fireplace to warm him up. “We’ll get you more shoes and clothes,” I promised, as I understood why Dad was so determined to help. As we left the Clark’s house, little Jake gave me a hug and said, “Thank you for helping my family.”
Dad comforted me on the way home. “You see, Elizabeth,” he said, “there are some people who need our help. Tonight, we helped them.” I nodded, feeling proud of my father’s wisdom and understanding. At the same time, I was much happier than getting a new dress. It was a lesson in humanity that I would never forget.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者度过的一次难忘的圣诞节，作者正因为没有得到想要的裙子而难过，而父亲却带着作者拉了一车木头来到了邻近的邻居那儿。作者看到邻居窘迫的境况终于明白了父亲的心意。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“当门打开时，传来一个颤抖的声音。”以及第二段首句内容“爸爸在回家的路上安慰我。”可知，第一段可描写作者和爸爸如何帮助Clark一家。
②由第二段首句内容“爸爸在回家的路上安慰我。”可知，第二段可描写作者在父亲的解释下明白了父亲的良苦用心。
2.续写线索：屋里传来颤抖的声音——小Jake有点害怕——送木柴衣服和鞋——小Jake感激——父亲安慰作者——理解帮助他人的快乐——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①颤抖：shiver/shake/quiver
②承诺：promise/make a promise
③决定做某事：be determined to do/decide to do
情绪类
①害怕：fear/fright/terror
②对……感到自豪：feel proud of/take pride in
【点睛】【高分句型1】“We’ll get you more shoes and clothes,” I promised, as I understood why Dad was so determined to help.（运用了as引导的状语从句和why引导的宾语从句）
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