高中英语人教版(2019)必修一 Unit 3 Sports and Fitness Discovering Useful Structures讲义素材

         新教材高一英语必修一U3语法——反意疑问句反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句，它表示提问人对自己的看法没有把握，需要对方证实。一、反意疑问句的构成反意疑问句由两部分构成：前一部分是陈述句，后一部分是一个简短的疑问句，前后两部分在时态、人称和数上都要保持一致。 肯定式陈述部分+否定式疑问部分例：He looks like his father, doesn’t he﹖  She was ill yesterday, wasn’t she?   她昨天病了，不是吗？ 否定式陈述部分+肯定式疑问部分例：He doesn’t need to work so late, does he？He can’t ride a bike, can he?  他不会骑自行，是吗？＊注意：（1）反意疑问句的陈述部分含有由un-, im-, in-, dis-, 等否定意义的前缀构成的词语时，陈述部分要视为肯定含义，问句部分用否定形式。 例：Your father is unhappy, isn’t he?    (不能用is he? )     The man is dishonest, isn’t he?      (不能用is he?     Tom dislikes the food, doesn’t he？  Tom不喜欢这个食物，不是吗？（2）反意疑问句的陈述部分带有little, few, never, hardly, seldom，nothing, no, nobody等否定意义的词时，问句部分用肯定式。 例：She never tells a lie, does she?    (不用doesn’t she?)     He was seldom late, was he?      (不用wasn’t he?)  二、反意疑问句的回答当陈述句部分是肯定结构，反意疑问句用否定式提问时，如果事实是肯定的，就用yes，如果是否定的，就用no例：--- He likes playing football, doesn’t he?   他喜欢踢足球，不是吗？--- Yes, he does.  / No, he doesn’t.   是的，他喜欢。/ 不，他不喜欢。当陈述句部分是否定结构，反意疑问句用肯定式提问时，回答yes或no与汉语的意思正好相反。这种回答时，yes要翻译为“不”，no翻译为“是”例：---Lucy didn't attend the meeting, did she?  露西没有参加会议，是吗？--- Yes, she did.  / No, she didn’t   不，她有参加。/是的，她没参加。 三、主语的选择陈述部分的主语是he, she或某人，疑问句主语为he, she或某人例：You/He/Tom can’t be too careful, can you/he/Tom ? 陈述部分的主语是this, that时，疑问部分的主语多用it；陈述部分的主语是these, those时，疑问部分的主语多用they。例：This is a dictionary, isn’t it﹖     Those are shelves, aren’t they﹖ 陈述句的主语是nobody, no one, everyone, somebody等不定代词时，反意疑问部分的主语多用he/they陈述句的主语是something,nothing,anything,everything等不定代词时，反意疑问部分的主语多用it。例：Nobody says a word about the accident, do they﹖     Everything seems all right, doesn’t it﹖ 4. 陈述句如果是there be结构时，疑问部分仍用there。 例：There once was a man named Saint Nicholas, wasn’t there﹖ 5. 陈述句主语由neither...nor...或者both...and...连接，反意疑问句部分的主语根据实际意义而定。例：Neither you nor I am wrong, are we？   你我都没错，对吗？Both you and he are doctors, aren’t you?   你和他都是医生，不是吗？陈述句的主语是动词不定式、动词的ing形式或从句时，反意疑问句主语多用it来体现。 例：Taking care of our environment is very important, isn’t it﹖     What he said is right, isn’t it﹖ 陈述部分为I(We) think(believe, suppose, consider) + that从句时，反意疑问句部分的动词及主语与that从句内的动词和主语保持一致。例：I think that he has done his best, hasn’t he? We think that English is very useful, isn’t it?  (不用don’t we?) 陈述部分为I(We) don’t think(believe, suppose, consider)+ that从句时，从句为否定意义，反意疑问句问句部分的动词和主语仍与that从句保持一致且用肯定式。例：I don’t think that you can do it, can you?   (不用do I?) We don’t believe that the news is true, is it?  (不用do we?)  四、谓语的选择陈述部分谓语为have、has、had（1）表示“拥有”，反意疑问句的谓语用have或do的相应形式都可。     不表示“拥有”，用do 的相应形式。 例：They have a house in the town, haven’t they/don’t they?     He has lunch at school, doesn’t he？（2）陈述句的谓语动词是情态动词have(has)to(必须)时，疑问部分用do的相应形式。例：They have to go there, don’t they？He has to leave early, doesn’t he？（3）陈述部分的谓语是had better(最好)时，疑问部分用hadn’t。 例：You’d better have a good rest, hadn’t you？（4）陈述句中的谓语动词是wish时，疑问部分常用may。例：You wish to go home, may you﹖（5）陈述部分用used to +主语时，问句部分用didn’t + 主语？或usedn’t +主语？ 例：He used to live in the country, didn’t he? / usedn’t he?    They used to be good friends, didn’t they? / usedn’t they? （6）当陈述部分带有情态动词must表示“必须”时，疑问部分用mustn’t 例: You must work hard next term, mustn’t you? 　 I must answer the letter, mustn’t I?  但是，当must 表示推测时，反意疑问部分多与must之后的动词形式和时态与句子主语保持一致。 例：Her mother must be a teacher, isn’t she？    She must have read the novel, hasn’t she？ 五、特殊句式的反意疑问句1. 并列句的反意疑问句的主语和谓语遵循“就近原则”例：We must study hard or we can’t pass the exam, can we?宾语从句（1）反意疑问句的陈述部分主语是第一人称，且含有think, believe, suppose, consider, imagine等动词时，疑问句部分的主语和谓语和从句一致。例：We believe she can do it better, can she?    I don’t think he is right, is he?  （否定前移，疑问部分用肯定）（2）主语是第二、第三人称，疑问部分的主语和动词与主句一致。例：They all think that English is very important, don’t they?  (不用isn’t it?) He didn’t think that the news was true, did he?  (不用wasn’t/ was it?) 祈使句（1）反意疑问句部分一般用will you? 形式表示请求，用won’t you？形式表示委婉请求或邀请。例：Do sit down, won’t you?/ will you?    Please open the window, will you? (won’t you?) （2）陈述部分为Let me……时，问句部分用may I ? 或will you?形式。 例：Let me have a rest, may I? (will you?) （3）陈述部分为Let us……时，问句部分用will you?形式。  例：Let us stop to rest, will you? （4）陈述部分为Let’s……时，问句部分习惯上用shall we?形式。 例：Let’s go home together, shall we?                        课后练习完成下列的反意疑问句。1. Don’t make any noise, will you? 2. You must have seen the film，haven't you？ 3. I don't think you can finish the task on time，can you？4. You must have seen the film last week，didn't you？5. Let us gather at the school gate，will you？6. Let's gather at the school gate，shall we?7. You had better have a rest，hadn't you？8. Few people knew the news, did they?9. Everything seems all right, doesn’t it﹖10. There is nothing wrong，is there？11. Mike is hopeless，isn't he?12. I suppose that he knows the secret of the Greens，doesn't he?13. Rose has to clean the classroom，doesn't she?14. They are very late for the meeting, aren’t they? 15. They have known the matter, haven’t they? 16. They will go to town soon, won’t they?17. She never tells a lie, does she?18. Someone has taken the seat, hasn’t he?19. Let me have a try, will you?20. There are two cakes on the plate, aren’t there?