高考英语一轮（新课标通用）训练检测：专题三阅读理解 考点十八　科普研究类 Word版含解析

这是一份高考英语一轮（新课标通用）训练检测：专题三阅读理解 考点十八　科普研究类 Word版含解析，共19页。

A
限时8分钟
Culd the device, smartphne r PC, which yu're using affect the mral decisins yu make when using it? T test it, researchers presented multiple dilemmas t a sample set f 1,010 peple． The participants were assigned a device at randm．
One case f the questins participants were asked is the classic “trlley (有轨电车) prblem”： A runaway trlley is headed twards five peple tied up n a set f train tracks． Yu can d nthing, resulting in the deaths f five peple, r push a man ff a bridge, which will stp the trlley． The practical respnse is t kill ne man t save five lives, which 33．5 percent f smartphne users chse, cmpared t 22．3 percent f PC users．
“What we fund in ur study is that when peple used a smartphne t view classic mral prblems, they were mre likely t make mre unemtinal, reasnable decisins when presented with a highly emtinal dilemma，” Dr Albert BarqueDuran, the lead authr f the study, tld City University f Lndn． “This culd be due t the increased time pressure ften present with smartphnes and als the increased psychlgical distance which can ccur when we use such devices cmpared t PCs．”
As fr why the researchers started this study, Dr BarqueDuran nted, “Due t the fact that ur scial lives, wrk and even shpping take place nline, it is imprtant t think abut hw the cntexts where we typically face mral decisins and are asked t engage in mral behavir have changed, and the impact this culd have n the hundreds f millins f peple wh use such devices daily．” It's clear that we need mre research n hw ur devices affect ur mral decisinmaking because we're using screens at an everincreasing rate．
1．Why did the authr mentin the trlley prblem?
A．T intrduce a difficult prblem t readers．
B．T intrduce the aim f carrying ut the study．
C．T shw an example f the questins in the study．
D．T shw the difficulty in dealing with dilemmas．
答案：C 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“One case f the questins participants were asked is the classic ‘trlley (有轨电车) prblem’”可以推断出，作者提及到电车问题，只是展示了研究的问题中的一个例子。故选C。
2．Hw d the smartphne users f the study behave in dealing with emtinal dilemmas?
A．Calmly． B．Cruelly．
C．Hesitantly． D．Enthusiastically．
答案：A 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“What we fund in ur study is that when peple used a smartphne t view classic mral prblems, they were mre likely t make mre unemtinal, reasnable decisins when presented with a highly emtinal dilemma”可知，对于情感困境，手机使用者更能够镇定地处理。故选A。
3．Dr Albert believes that cmpared with PCs, smartphnes ________．
A．help peple bear mre pressure
B．help peple make decisins quicker
C．make peple feel mre mentally distant
D．make peple stay happier t slve prblems
答案：C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句可知，与电脑相比较，手机更使人感到心理上的疏远。故选C。
4．What can we infer frm the text?
A．Shpping nline has a great effect n making mral decisins．
B．The peple using smartphnes are mre than thse using PCs．
C．Peple wh ften use smartphnes r PCs always meet with dilemmas．
D．It is cmmn fr peple t be invlved in making mral decisins in daily life．
答案：D 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段可知，研究者进行研究的目的是为了证明这些设备是否影响道德决策，而且全文最后一句指出还须进行更多的研究，故排除A；文中未提出使用手机的人比使用电脑的人多，故排除B；由全文内容，尤其是第一段第一句可知，道德决策不仅存在于手机用户和电脑用户之间，只不过本文是在研究使用这些设备是否对道德决策有影响，故排除C。
B
限时8分钟
Mst Americans are wrried abut new technlgy． They are cncerned that machines, including rbts, will take ver wrk nw dne by humans． These findings cme frm a new reprt by the Pew Research Center f Washingtn D． C．
Abut 75 percent f Americans questined by Pew said autmatin will increase incme inequality between the rich and the middle class and pr． And 64 percent f peple expect autmatin t be s cmmn in America that peple will face difficulty finding things t d with their lives．
Sme f the cncerns abut technlgy cme frm a distrust abut whether machines will always make the right decisin． Many Americans believe humans have better judgement in dealing with cmplex matters． One example is selecting a persn fr a jb． Threequarters f Americans said they wuld nt want t apply fr a jb that uses a cmputer prgram t chse the mst qualified persn．
“Mst Americans want the gvernment t limit autmatin． Fr example, 87 percent supprt a requirement that all driverless vehicles have a human in the driver's seat wh can take cntrl when an emergency ccurs． And 85 percent want t limit machines t mstly ding jbs that are dangerus r unhealthy fr humans． And nly 25 percent expect mre jbs t cme frm autmatin，” Pew said．
Mark Zuckerberg, the cfunder f Facebk, spke last May t graduating senirs frm Harvard University in Massachusetts． His talk centered n the uncertain future facing yung peple． “Our generatin will have t deal with tens f millins f jbs replaced by autmatin like selfdriving cars and trucks．” Zuckerherg tld the graduates．
Zuckerberg said yung peple had better launch (发起) prjects that wuld bring bth jbs and direct benefits t the peple f the wrld． He said in his speech that 30,000 peple wrked t put a man n the mn, and millins f peple built the Hver Dam as well as ther great prjects ver the last 100 years．
5．What d many Americans think f technlgy accrding t Paragraph 3?
A．Useful． B．Effective．
C．Dangerus． D．Undependable．
答案：D 推理判断题。根据第三段内容，尤其是该段的第一句可知，与人类处理复杂问题的能力相比，科技的可靠性令很多美国人担忧。故选D。
6．Why d Americans want a human in driverless vehicles?
A．T test the new technlgy．
B．T make a driver．
C．T ensure persnal safety．
D．T entertain the passengers．
答案：C 推理判断题。根据第四段第二句可知，87%的美国人支持在一辆无人驾驶的汽车里配备一个人来确保人身安全。故选C。
7．What did Zuckerberg encurage the students t d?
A．Refuse selfdriving vehicles．
B．Create new jb chances．
C．Fcus n small prjects．
D．Fight against rbts．
答案：B 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Zuckerberg said yung peple had better launch (发起) prjects that wuld bring bth jbs and direct benefits t the peple f the wrld．”可知，Zuckerberg鼓励学生创造新的工作机会。故选B。
8．Which f the fllwing wuld be the best title fr the text?
A．New Technlgy Creates Mre Jbs
B．New Technlgy Brings Mre Fairness
C．Americans Wrry Machines Will Take Jbs
D．Rbts Make Wrk Easy t D fr Wrkers
答案：C 标题判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段第一、二句可知，本文讲述的是美国人担忧机器将接管现在由人做的工作。
C
限时8分钟
Scientists in Britain have managed t teach bumblebees (大黄蜂) t pull strings t get t fd and then pass n what they have learned t thers in their clny (群体)—shwing a high level f intelligence despite their tiny brains．
Researchers at Queen Mary University f Lndn said the experiments, ften used t test the intelligence f apes (猿) and birds, shwed fr the first time that sme insects are up t the task, and can als pass skills n thrugh several generatins．
The findings add t the evidence suggesting the ability fr “culture spread”—the ability t learn and pass n knwledge and skills—may nt be exclusive t humans．
In the research, published in the jurnal PLOS Bilgy n Tuesday, the scientists were able t train 23 ut f a grup f 40 bees t pull strings with their legs and feet．
The strings were attached t discs—r artificial “flwers”—cntaining fd at their center but placed under a transparent screen． The bees, sptting the fd beneath the screen, learned t pull the “flwers” ut by pulling the string with their legs and feet t be able t get t it．
Frm anther grup f bees given the chance t slve the task withut any training, nly tw f 110 were successful．
Anther grup f bees were then allwed t bserve the trained bees pulling the strings, and 60 percent f them successfully learned the skill． Finally, trained bees were put in clnies, and the scientists fund the technique spread successfully t a majrity f the clny's wrker bees．
Lars Chittka, a Queen Mary University prfessr wh guided the prject, said the team is interested in figuring ut the brain prcesses behind the bees' learning and teaching skills．
9．What des the underlined wrd “exclusive” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．Unique． B．Ordinary．
C．Widespread． D．Beneficial．
答案：A 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“shwed fr the first time that sme insects are up t the task, and can als pass skills n thrugh several generatins”可知，大黄蜂也具有学习并传播所学技能的能力，结合第三段可知，调查结果增加了证据表明大黄蜂所具有的“文化传播”的能力，并非人类独有。
10．What did the researchers find abut bees?
A．Bees are as clever as birds．
B．Bees learn best in insects．
C．Bees can be trained t learn skills．
D．Bees are brn gd learners．
答案：C 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“the scientists were able t train 23 ut f a grup f 40 bees t pull strings with their legs and feet”和第五段第二句中的“learned t pull the ‘flwers’ ut by pulling the string with their legs and feet t be able t get t it”可知，蜜蜂可以通过训练学习技能。
11．What may the research team fcus n next?
A．Where bees learn skills． B．What else bees can d．
C．Hw bees' brain wrks． D．Hw bees teach thers．
答案：C 推理判断题。根据文章最后一句中的“the team is interested in figuring ut the brain prcesses behind the bees' learning and teaching skills”可知，该小组感兴趣的是弄清楚蜜蜂学习和教学技能背后的大脑活动过程，所以研究小组下一步可能关注蜜蜂的大脑是如何工作的。
12．What may be the best title fr the text?
A．Bees Can Learn and Teach
B．Small Bees, Great Abilities
C．Let Bees Learn
D．Bees Are Smarter
答案：A 标题判断题。结合全文尤其是第一段可知，文章主要介绍一项科学发现，大黄蜂经过训练可以学习并传播所学技能。
D
限时7分钟
“Have yu ever been ut n a bat and felt it lifted up by a wave? Or have yu jumped in the water and felt the rush f energy as waves came ver yu？” asked Jamie Taylr f the Wave Energy Grup at University f Edinburgh． “There is certainly a lt f energy in waves，” he said． Scientists are wrking t use that energy t make electricity． Mst waves are created when winds blw acrss the cean． “The wind starts ut by making little ripples (涟漪), but if they keep n blwing, thse ripples get bigger and bigger and turn int waves，” Taylr said． “Waves are ne f nature's ways f picking_up energy and then sending it ff n a jurney．” When waves cme tward the shre, peple can set up dams t blck the water and send it thrugh a large wheel called a turbine (涡轮机)． The turbine can then pwer an electrical generatr t prduce electricity．
“The resurce is huge，” said Janet Swain f the Wrldwatch Institute． “We will never run ut f wave pwer．” Besides, wave energy des nt create the same pllutin as ther energy surces, such as il r cal． Oceans cver three quarters f the Earth's surface—that wuld make wave pwer seem ideal fr creating energy thrughut the wrld, thugh there are sme weak pints yet t vercme．
Swain said that wave pwer still csts t much mney． She als said that its effects n sea animals are still unknwn． What is mre, wave pwer culd affect fishing and bat traffic． Traditinal surces f energy like il and gas may smeday run ut． “Demand fr energy t pwer ur TVs and cmputers, drive ur cars, and heat and cl ur hmes is rising rapidly thrughut the wrld，” Swain said． In the future when yu turn n a light, an cean wave culd be prviding the electricity!
13．The writer uses the tw questins at the beginning f the passage t ________．
A．test the readers' knwledge abut waves
B．draw the readers' attentin t the tpic
C．shw Jamie Taylr's imprtance
D．invite the readers t answer them
答案：B 推理判断题。作者在问题后谈到了波浪能源的相关内容，所以文章开头的两个问句是为了引起读者的注意，从而引出文章主题。故选B。
14．The underlined phrase “picking up” is clsest in meaning t “________”．
A．starting again B．speeding up
C．imprving D．gathering
答案：D 词义猜测题。本句中的“and then sending it ff n a jurney”是关键信息，it指代energy, send ．．． ff意为“把……发散出去”，由此可知，前一动作是收集能源的过程。故picking up在此意为“收集”，与gathering同义。故选D。
15．It can be inferred that smeday we might nt wrry abut ________．
A．ur pwer supply B．ur bat traffic
C．air pllutin D．ur supply f sea fish
答案：A 细节理解题。由第二段前两句可知，资源很庞大，所以将来终有一天我们不必再为电力供应担忧。never run ut f “永远不会用完”是关键信息。故选A。
16．We can make better use f wave energy if we ________．
A．shrten its jurney t thusands f hmes
B．build mre small pwer statins n the ceans
C．reduce the cst f turning it int electric pwer
D．quicken the steps f prducing electricity
答案：C 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Swain said that wave pwer still csts t much mney．”可知，波浪能源仍耗资很多。由此可知，如果我们能降低波浪能源的发电成本，我们将会更好地利用波浪能源。故选C。
A
限时8分钟
⊕(2019·成都市高中毕业班摸底测试)As evlutin tends t remve waste，hw cme we evlved such large, energycnsuming brains? The dminant hypthesis (假设) suggests that tugh scial interactins are the driving frce． But ur new study dne in an unusual way shws that human brain expansin is likely driven by eclgy (生态)．
Scientists have tested the eclgical and scial hyptheses befre． The cmmn apprach is t lk at many species and investigate whether large brains are assciated with specific prblems． Fr example, d primates r ther animals with large brains have a diet that is challenging t find but nutritinally rewarding? This wuld indicate an eclgical rigin． Or d they live in large grups where they face lts f scial prblems?
While many studies have fund such assciatins, there is a prblem． It cannt tell whether large brains evlved t slve the difficult prblems r whether they evlved fr ther reasns and then enabled their bearers t deal with the hard prblems．
T find ut the causes f brain expansin, we recreated the scenaris (可能出现的情况) f the tw hyptheses using a mathematical mdel． We fund that a cmbinatin f eclgical and scial challenges d prduce the brain size we see in humans． But it was eclgical challenges that expanded brains． In cntrast t the dminant view and ur wn expectatin, we fund that scial challenges cntributed by decreasing brain size． But yu need bth factrs t get the brain size we see tday—if there were n scial challenges ur brains wuld have been even larger but likely prly suited t scial life． Bigger isn't necessarily better．
But many animals face hard eclgical prblems． Why dn't they all have large brains? We fund that eclgical prblems nly lead t humansized brains when individuals can keep learning hard skills as they grw． S ur results and thse f thers' suggest that hard eclgy and the accumulatin f cultural knwledge culd act tgether t prduce a humansized brain．
Will the human brain expand further? The cmplexity f the systems invlved makes it impssible t say much with certainty at present．
1．In mst peple's view, what makes human evlve large brains?
A．Scial challenges．
B．Scial and eclgical challenges．
C．Eclgical challenges．
D．Cmpetitin with ther large animals．
答案：A 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“The dminant hypthesis (假设) suggests that tugh scial interactins are the driving frce．”并结合第一段内容可知，大部分人认为棘手的社会交往活动是人类大脑进化的动力，故A项正确。
2．What's the prblem f the cmmn apprach?
A．Its mdel is nt reliable enugh．
B．It desn't tell the cause and effect clearly．
C．Its hypthesis cannt be prved effectively．
D．It desn't find brain size is cnnected with prblems．
答案：B 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“It cannt tell whether large brains evlved t slve the difficult prblems r whether they evlved fr ther reasns and then enabled their bearers t deal with the hard prblems．”可知，传统的研究方法无法解释清楚大脑进化的原因和影响，故B项正确。
3．Why dn't many animals have large brains?
A．They dn't learn frm each ther．
B．They dn't face hard eclgical prblems．
C．They dn't need t cperate with each ther．
D．They dn't keep learning tugh skills as they grw．
答案：D 推理判断题。根据第五段第二、三句“Why dn't they all have large brains? We fund that eclgical prblems nly lead t humansized brains when individuals can keep learning hard skills as they grw．”可知，只有当个体在成长过程中不断学习艰难的技能时，生态环境才会导致人类特定大小的大脑。据此可以判断，动物在成长过程中并没有持续学习艰难的技能，所以动物没有大的大脑，故D项正确。
4．Which f the fllwing d the researchers find mst surprising?
A．Animals dn't have large brains．
B．Scial challenges decrease brain size．
C．Eclgical challenges increase brain size．
D．It's unclear whether human brains will expand further．
答案：B 细节理解题。根据第四段第四句“In cntrast t the dminant view and ur wn expectatin, we fund that scial challenges cntributed by decreasing brain size．”可知，与主流观点及我们自己的预期相反，我们发现社会挑战导致大脑变小。据此可知，社会挑战导致大脑变小是令人惊讶的发现，故B项正确。
B
限时8分钟
调题库[4]D篇，序号与A篇顺排
⊕(2019·合肥市高三调研性测试)Babies teach their lder brthers and sisters empathy (共鸣), accrding t a new study． Empathy means understanding and entering thers' feelings． Until nw, yunger kids have generally been regarded t learn plenty frm their lder brthers r sisters but dn't give back much． But this study, published in Child Develpment cnfirms that yunger siblings (兄弟姐妹) ensure their big brthers and sisters dn't grw int disgusting peple—n easy task．
“Althugh it's assumed that lder siblings and parents are the primary scializing influences n yunger siblings' develpment, we fund that bth yunger and lder siblings psitively cntributed t each ther's empathy ver time，” study cauthr Marc Jambn said in a statement． Prir sibling studies have fcused n the influence f lder brthers and sisters, prbably because their impacts are mst bvius． As ne review f literature ntes, studies have shwn that lder siblings influence everything frm their yunger siblings' mtr develpment t their risk f smking later in life． And althugh separate studies have tried t pin_dwn effects that yunger siblings have n their lder siblings, the specific influence f baby brthers and sisters remains unclear．
Fr this new study, Jambn and his clleagues recruited (招募) a diverse grup f 452 Canadian sibling pairs between the ages f 18 mnths and fur years． At the start f the study, individual researchers assessed children's baseline empathy levels by visiting the kids at hme and then pretending t hurt themselves r break a valuable item． Eighteen mnths later, they fund small but significant increases in empathy．
One unexpected exceptin—lder sisters did nt appear t experience increased empathy after 18 mnths living with their little brthers, specifically． The researchers aren't sure why this exceptin appeared, and they recmmend that future studies dive int mre cmplex phenmena．
5．What has been fund in the new study?
A．Yung kids culd shw mre sympathy n thers．
B．Yung siblings knw mre abut empathy than the lder．
C．Yunger siblings culd cntribute t their lder nes' empathy．
D．Yunger kids can learn a lt frm their lder brthers r sisters．
答案：C 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Babies teach their lder brthers and sisters empathy (共鸣), accrding t a new study．”可知，新的研究发现婴儿会对他们的哥哥和姐姐的共鸣产生影响，故选C。
6．What des Marc Jambn say abut kids' empathy develpment?
A．Siblings influence each ther in a psitive way．
B．Parents play a mre imprtant rle than teachers．
C．Older siblings have far mre bvius influences．
D．Yunger siblings make much smaller cntributins．
答案：A 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“Althugh it's assumed that lder siblings and parents are the primary scializing influences n yunger siblings' develpment, we fund that bth yunger and lder siblings psitively cntributed t each ther's empathy ver time”可知，Marc Jambn认为在共鸣方面兄弟姐妹之间是以积极的方式互相影响、互相促进的，故选A。
7．What d the underlined wrds “pin dwn” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Assess． B．Limit． C．Cnfirm． D．Reduce．
答案：C 词义猜测题。根据语境中的althugh，并结合该句中的“the specific influence f baby brthers and sisters remains unclear”可知，尽管不同的研究已经确定了这种影响，但具体影响还不确定，由此可推知，pin dwn和cnfirm “确认”含义相近，故选C。
8．What can we infer abut the study frm the last paragraph?
A．It ffers n exceptins．
B．It appears t be under cntrl．
C．It is recgnized t be scientific．
D．It needs t be carried ut further．
答案：D 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“The researchers aren't sure why this exceptin appeared, and they recmmend that future studies dive int mre cmplex phenmena．”可推知，这种例外产生的原因还不能确定，有待进一步的研究考证，故选D。
C
限时10分钟
(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)A buildityurself slar still (蒸馏器) is ne f the best ways t btain drinking water in areas where the liquid is nt readily available．Develped by tw dctrs in the US Department f Agriculture, it's an excellent water cllectr． Unfrtunately, yu must carry the necessary equipment with yu, since it's all but impssible t find natural substitutes． The nly cmpnents required，thugh, are a 5′× 5′ sheet f clear r slightly milky plastic, six feet f plastic tube, and a cntainer—perhaps just a drinking cup—t catch the water． These pieces can be flded int a neat little pack and fastened n yur belt．
T cnstruct a wrking still, use a sharp stick r rck t dig a hle fur feet acrss and three feet deep． Try t make the hle in a damp area t increase the_water_catcher's prductivity． Place yur cup in the deepest part f the hle． Then lay the tube in place s that ne end rests all the way in the cup and the rest f the line runs up—and ut—the side f the hle．
Next, cver the hle with the plastic sheet, securing the edges f the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet's center dwn with a rck． The plastic shuld nw frm a cne (圆锥体) with 45degreeangled sides． The lw pint f the sheet must be centered directly ver, and n mre than three inches abve, the cup．
The slar still wrks by creating a greenhuse under the plastic． Grund water evaprates (蒸发) and cllects n the sheet until small drps f water frm, run dwn the material, and fall ff int the cup． When the cntainer is full, yu can suck the refreshment ut thrugh the tube, and wn't have t break dwn the still every time yu need a drink．
9．What d we knw abut the slar still equipment frm the first paragraph?
A．It's delicate． B．It's expensive．
C．It's cmplex． D．It's prtable．
答案：D 推理判断题。根据第一段尾句“These pieces can be flded int a neat little pack and fastened n yur belt．”可知，这些东西可以折叠放进小包中系在腰带上，由此可知这一太阳能蒸馏器装置是“可以随身携带的”。故选D。
10．What des the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A．The tube． B．The still． C．The hle． D．The cup．
答案：B 推理判断题。根据第二段中的描述可知，制作一个蒸馏器装置，需要挖一个四英尺宽、三英尺深的洞，要尽量在潮湿的地方挖洞来增加the water catcher的出水量，结合全文可知，增加的应该是整个蒸馏器装置的出水量。故选B。
11．What is the last step f cnstructing a wrking slar still?
A．Dig a hle f a certain size．
B．Put the cup in place．
C．Weight the sheet's center dwn．
D．Cver the hle with the plastic sheet．
答案：C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段首句中的“．．． weighting the sheet's center dwn with a rck”可知，最后一步是用石块将塑料板的中心位置压下去。故选C。
12．When a slar still wrks, drps f water cme int the cup frm__________．
A．the plastic tube B．utside the hle
C．the pen air D．beneath the sheet
答案：D 细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，地下水蒸发后在塑料板下方凝结成水滴，然后坠落到杯子里。故选D。
D
限时12分钟
(2018·北京高考)
PlasticEating Wrms
Humans prduce mre than 300 millin tns f plastic every year． Almst half f that winds up in landfills (垃圾填埋场), and up t 12 millin tns pllute the ceans． S far there is n effective way t get rid f it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stmachs f sme hungry wrms．
Researchers in Spain and England recently fund that the wrms f the greater wax mth can break dwn plyethylene, which accunts fr 40% f plastics． The team left 100 wax wrms n a cmmercial plyethylene shpping bag fr 12 hurs, and the wrms cnsumed and brke dwn abut 92 milligrams, r almst 3% f it． T cnfirm that the wrms' chewing alne was nt respnsible fr the plyethylene breakdwn, the researchers made sme wrms int paste (糊状物) and applied it t plastic films． 14 hurs later the films had lst 13% f their mass—apparently brken dwn by enzymes (酶) frm the wrms' stmachs． Their findings were published in Current Bilgy in 2017．
Federica Bertcchini, cauthr f the study, says the wrms' ability t break dwn their everyday fd—beeswax—als allws them t break dwn plastic． “Wax is a cmplex mixture, but the basic bnd in plyethylene, the carbncarbn bnd, is there as well，” she explains． “The wax wrm evlved a methd r system t break this bnd．”
Jennifer DeBruyn, a micrbilgist at the University f Tennessee, wh was nt invlved in the study, says it is nt surprising that such wrms can break dwn plyethylene． But cmpared with previus studies, she finds the speed f breaking dwn in this ne exciting． The next step, DeBruyn says, will be t identify the cause f the breakdwn． Is it an enzyme prduced by the wrm itself r by its gut micrbes (肠道微生物)?
Bertcchini agrees and hpes her team's findings might ne day help emply the enzyme t break dwn plastics in landfills． But she expects using the chemical in sme kind f industrial prcess—nt simply “millins f wrms thrwn n tp f the plastic．”
13．What can we learn abut the wrms in the study?
A．They take plastics as their everyday fd．
B．They are newly evlved creatures．
C．They can cnsume plastics．
D．They wind up in landfills．
答案：C 细节理解题。根据第二段前两句可知，蠕虫能消耗塑料。故选C。
14．Accrding t Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step f the study is t ________．
A．identify ther means f the breakdwn
B．find ut the surce f the enzyme
C．cnfirm the research findings
D．increase the breakdwn speed
答案：B 细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句可知，DeBruyn说，下一步将找出分解的原因。这种酶是蠕虫自身产生的，还是肠道微生物产生的？即根据Jennifer DeBruyn的说法，下一步将找出这种酶的来源。故选B。
15．It can be inferred frm the last paragraph that the chemical might ________．
A．help t raise wrms
B．help make plastic bags
C．be used t clean the ceans
D．be prduced in factries in future
答案：D 推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句可知，她希望通过某种工业生产程序使用这种化学物质，而不是简单地“把数百万条虫子扔在塑料上”。由此可推知，将来这种化学制品可能由工厂生产。故选D。
16．What is the main purpse f the passage?
A．T explain a study methd n wrms．
B．T intrduce the diet f a special wrm．
C．T present a way t break dwn plastics．
D．T prpse new means t keep ecbalance．
答案：C 主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了研究发现蠕虫能分解塑料，即一种分解塑料的新方法。故选C。
E
限时10分钟
(2019·山东师范大学附中高三第二次模拟考试)If yu ask mst peple what water tastes like, they'll prbably tell yu that water has n taste and they may give yu a funny lk． But if yu were a fruit fly, asking anther fruit fly, that questin might have a different answer．
T a fruit fly, water has a taste． Scientists want t knw hw the fruit fly knws water because this infrmatin may help in learning hw ther animals—r even individual cells—manage t use water in the right way． Water is vital t life, but t much r t little can be deadly t a living creature． S by understanding hw the fruit fly tastes water, researchers may learn mre abut ther living things．
Accrding t the new study, a prtein (蛋白质) called PPK28 makes it pssible fr a fly t taste water． Prteins build cells and tissues, fight disease and carry messages between cells． It's nt surprising that a prtein is respnsible fr the fruit fly's ability t taste water．
The PPK28 prtein is part f a larger family f similar prteins． One f these related prteins is used by mammals (including humans) t taste salt． Scientists have nt fund a prtein that enables humans t “taste” water．
In the experiment, Camern and his team cmpared nrmal fruit flies with fruit flies whse taste cells had been disabled． The fruit flies were given a special chemical that wuld glw (发光) when the fly used the PPK28 prtein． Then the scientists led the flies t water． When the nrmal flies tasted the water, the PPK28 prtein lit up—shwing that it was in use．
The fruit fly in particular is s interesting that sme scientists are hard at wrk creating a cmplete map f the fruit fly brain． This map will shw all f a fly's neurns and help scientists understand hw the neurns wrk tgether．
17．Hw d mst peple feel when asked the taste f water?
A．Amused． B．Frightened．
C．Disappinted． D．Disgusted．
答案：A 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“If yu ask mst peple what water tastes like, they'll prbably tell yu that water has n taste and they may give yu a funny lk．”可知，当人们被问及水的滋味时，他们会感到这个问题很可笑，故选A。
18．Why d scientists want t knw hw the fruit fly knws water?
A．T decrease the number f the fruit fly．
B．T knw mre abut ther creatures．
C．T manage t use water crrectly．
D．T describe the taste f water．
答案：B 推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“Scientists want t knw hw the fruit fly knws water because this infrmatin may help in learning hw ther animals—r even individual cells—manage t use water in the right way．”可知，科学家通过研究果蝇如何分辨水的滋味来更多地了解其他生物，故选B。
19．What d we knw abut the PPK28 prtein?
A．It can make humans taste salt．
B．The fruit fly can't live withut it．
C．It enables the fruit fly t taste water．
D．The fruit fly uses it t avid illnesses．
答案：C 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Accrding t the new study, a prtein (蛋白质) called PPK28 makes it pssible fr a fly t taste water．”可知，PPK28蛋白质使得果蝇能够辨别水的滋味，故选C。
20．What will the scientists cntinue t wrk at?
A．Studying the fruit fly's neurn systems．
B．Telling mre infrmatin abut cells．
C．Creating maps f human brains．
D．Making the PPK28 prtein．
答案：A 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句中的“that sme scientists are hard at wrk creating a cmplete map”和第二句“This map will shw all f a fly's neurns and help scientists understand hw the neurns wrk tgether．”可知，科学家们会继续致力于研究果蝇的神经元是如何协同工作的，故选A。