高考英语一轮（新课标通用）训练检测：专题三阅读理解 考点十九　生态环保类 Word版含解析

这是一份高考英语一轮（新课标通用）训练检测：专题三阅读理解 考点十九　生态环保类 Word版含解析，共19页。

A
限时10分钟
Knwn as “wlf girl” at her West Warwick, R．I． schl, Alyssa Graysn has spent much f her yung life teaching thers t prtect and respect animals． After starting a wlf club in the secnd grade, Alyssa learned all she culd abut her favrite animals． Tday, she gives presentatins abut prtecting wlves at libraries and schls—she's even spken at a university． In fact, she's becme such a wlf expert that she was appinted as the first junir advisr t the Natinal Wlfwatcher Calitin．
When she's nt teaching thers abut wlves, Alyssa can be fund vlunteering at her lcal animal shelter, taking care f dgs and cats． She's als trained as a citizen scientist fr FrgWatch USA． In shrt, Alyssa Graysn prves that yu are never t yung t make a difference fr animals．
When asked hw she gt interested in saving wlves, Alyssa says, “I've lved wlves since I saw them in a mvie when I was 2 r 3 years ld． Then ne day I saw a cmmercial abut wlf hunting． I asked my mther why peple d this, and she tld me because peple dn't like wlves． I decided frm then n that I wanted t save wlves．”
Tday, wlves are hunted, trapped, r pisned． Hunters chase wlves fr miles in an airplane until the wlves are t exhausted t run anymre． Then they sht them． The animal desn't have a chance t escape． Animals are als trapped fr their fur． They are left t suffer in a trap with n fd, water, r shelter． Alyssa thinks the fur lks better n the animal in the wild, where it's meant t be, than n a human．
Alyssa believes wlves are imprtant t ur wrlds． She says, “Wlves are an apex predatr, which means they are at the tp f the fd chain． Remving them frm the ecsystem is a big mistake． The ecsystem is like a chain f dmines (多米诺骨牌)—with the apex predatr as the ne in frnt． If yu were t knck dwn that dmin, the rest f the chain wuld g dwn t．”
Peple usually think f “the Big Bad Wlf” when they hear abut wlves． Hwever, Alyssa says, “If they wuld base their thughts n facts, nt fairy tales, we wuldn't have peple wanting t kill wlves．”
1．Alyssa is knwn as “wlf girl” at her schl because ________．
A．she keeps wlves as pets
B．she was raised by wlves
C．she des a lt t prtect wlves
D．she started a wlf club at her schl
答案：C 细节理解题。根据文章首句中的“has spent ．．． t prtect and respect animals”以及下文所述她喜欢狼并呼吁大家保护狼这一物种可知，阿莉莎在学校中被称为“狼女”，是因为她用她的青春教会了其他人保护和尊重狼。故选C。
2．Accrding t the first tw paragraphs, Alyssa ________．
A．gained knwledge abut wlves at libraries
B．cares abut ther animals besides wlves
C．started t give presentatins since the secnd grade
D．is the first junir citizen scientist fr FrgWatch USA
答案：B 细节理解题。根据文章第二段描述可知，她除了关心狼之外，还照顾其他的动物，如猫和狗。故选B。
3．Paragraph 4 is mainly abut ________．
A．why wlves are killed
B．why wlves are trapped
C．the tls used t hunt wlves
D．hw wlves are treated
答案：D 段落大意题。文章第四段主要讲述了狼被猎杀、被围困或被毒亡的事实。人们为了它们的皮毛不断地去猎杀它们，不给它们逃生的机会，所以该段讲述了狼是被如何对待的。故选D。
4．Frm the last paragraph we can infer that Alyssa ________．
A．desn't need fairy tales
B．desn't believe in fairy tales
C．encurages peple t find ut the facts abut wlves
D．believes that mre peple will wrk t save wlves
答案：C 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，当人们提到狼的时候往往说“大坏狼”。如果人们把想法建立在事实的基础上，而不是童话上，我们人类就没有人想要杀死它们了。因此可推知，阿莉莎鼓励人们客观地对待狼，看到狼真实的一面。故选C。
B
限时10分钟
Drive thrugh any suburb in the US tday, and it's hard t miss the recycling bins that have becme cmpanins t America's trash cans． Recycling has becme cmmn, as peple recgnize the need t care fr the envirnment． Yet mst peple's recycling cnsciusness extends nly as far as paper, bttles, and cans． Peple seldm find themselves facing the grwing prblem f ewaste．
Ewaste rapidly increases as the technfashinable frequently upgrade t the mst advanced devices, and the majrity f them end up in landfills (垃圾填埋地)． Sme peple wh track such waste say that users thrw away nearly 2 millin tns f TVs, VCRs, cmputers, cell phnes, and ther electrnics every year． Unless we can find a safe replacement, this ewaste may get int the grund and pisn the water with dangerus txins (毒素), such as lead, mercury, and arsenic． Burning the waste als dangerusly cntaminates the air．
Hwever, ewaste ften cntains reusable silver, gld, and ther electrical materials． Recycling these materials reduces envirnmental prblems by reducing bth landfill waste and the need t lk fr such metals, which can destry ecsystems．
A grwing number f states have adpted laws t ban dumping ewaste． Still, less than a quarter f this waste will reach lawful recycling prgrams． Sme cmpanies advertising safe dispsal in fact merely ship the waste t sme develping cuntries, where it still ends up in landfills． These rganizatins prevent prgress by unsafely dispsing f waste in an utfsight, utfmind lcatin．
Hwever, the small but grwing number f cities and crpratins that d handle ewaste respnsibly represents prgress tward making the wrld a cleaner, better place fr us all．
5．What can we infer frm the first paragraph?
A．Many Americans nw have access t recycling bins．
B．Ewaste cannt be put int trash cans in the US．
C．Mst Americans have realized the dangers f ewaste．
D．Mst f America's trash cans are made f recycled material．
答案：A 推理判断题。根据第一段第二句可知，在美国，废弃物的回收利用变得很普遍，因为人们已经意识到需要关注环境。所以，A项(很多美国人可以利用回收箱)符合题意，故选A。
6．What can best replace the underlined wrd “cntaminates” in Paragraph 2?
A．Pllutes． B．Heats．
C．Absrbs． D．Reduces．
答案：A 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“this ewaste may get int the grund and pisn the water with dangerus txins (毒素), such as lead, mercury, and arsenic”可知，这些电子污染会进入土地，污染到水源，那么燃烧污染物可能会污染空气。由此可推断出cntaminates的意思与pllutes相近，即“毒害，污染”，故选A。
7．Hw des the authr feel abut burying ewaste in landfills?
A．It's imprtant． B．It's unsafe．
C．It's acceptable． D．It's uncmmn．
答案：B 推理判断题。根据第二段倒数第二句中的“this ewaste may get int the grund and pisn the water”和第四段尾句中的“These rganizatins prevent prgress by unsafely ．．．”可知，只是把电子垃圾放在看不见的垃圾填埋场，但仍旧不安全，因为它还在那里，分析选项可知B正确。
8．What's the authr's purpse in writing this text?
A．T tell us hw t recycle ewaste．
B．T talk abut the future f ewaste．
C．T discuss if it's necessary t recycle ewaste．
D．T encurage us t deal with ewaste prperly．
答案：D 推理判断题。通读全文可知，人们对垃圾的回收普遍关注，回收普通垃圾已经成为习惯。但随着科技的发展，合理回收电子垃圾成为现代废弃物回收的重点。故本文的目的是鼓励我们合理处理电子垃圾，故选D。
C
限时8分钟
Abut 5,000 children die each day because f preventable diseases such as chlera and dysentery (痢疾), which spread when peple use unclean water fr drinking r cking． A lack f water fr persnal health leads t the spread f ttally preventable diseases like trachma, which has blinded sme six millin peple．
Water trubles als trap many lwincme families in a cycle f pverty and pr educatin and the prest suffer mst frm lack f access t water． Peple wh spend much f their time n ill health, caring fr sick children, r cllecting water at a distance averaging 3．75 miles a day dn't have educatinal and ecnmic chances t better their lives．
Agriculture is called the lin's share f clean water wrldwide, using sme 70 percent, and industrial use needs anther 22 percent． Water areas have n plitical brders and natins dn't always wrk tgether t share cmmn resurces, s water can be a frequent surce f internatinal prblems as well．
Daybyday demand keeps grwing, further draining water surces, frm great rivers t grundwater． “We're ging deeper int debt n ur grundwater use，” Pstel said, “and that has great effects n glbal water safety． The rate f grundwater use has dubled since 1960．”
Sme f Earth's grundwater is fssil water created when Earth's climate was far different． Tday such water is as limited as petrl． “But we're pumping much f them ut faster than ever，” Pstel explained． “Man's grwing thirst als causes a majr prblem abut water and ur ecsystems． And that als creates a cst t us, t ur sns and t ur grandsns, nt just t nature．”
9．What des the authr mainly discuss in the passage?
A．Water shrtage has been a mst serius challenge．
B．S many children die f plluted water every day．
C．Diseases shuld be prperly cntrlled and treated．
D．Wasting water leads t the unrest f the wrld．
答案：A 主旨大意题。本文讲述了目前在全世界范围内，水资源短缺给人们的健康、生活、经济等带来的不利影响，水资源短缺是人类面临的一个相当严峻的挑战。
10．Why is agriculture called the lin's share f clean water?
A．Because agriculture is much strnger than industry．
B．Because mre peple live n the agricultural prduce．
C．Because agriculture uses abut twthirds f clean water．
D．Because natins dn't always wrk tgether t save water．
答案：C 细节理解题。依据文中第三段第一句中的“using sme 70 percent, and industrial use needs anther 22 percent”可知，世界上约70%的清洁水被农业生产耗用，农业是消耗清洁水最多的产业。
11．Accrding t what Pstel said we can knw ________．
A．grundwater is rich fr us t use
B．there is n need t dig deep fr grundwater
C．we are using ur next generatins' water
D．we shuld use river water instead f grundwater
答案：C 推理判断题。依据最后两段中Pstel的话，尤其是第五段最后一句可知，我们正在消耗我们子孙的水资源。
12．What can we infer frm the passage?
A．We shuldn't use water frm rivers．
B．We shuld prtect ur ecsystems．
C．Water shuld be distributed equally．
D．Laws shuld be passed fr grundwater．
答案：B 推理判断题。文章在讲述水资源的重要性，且用具体例子和数据进行证明；再结合尾段倒数第二句“Man's grwing thirst als causes a majr prblem abut water and ur ecsystems．”可推知，我们要保护我们的生态系统。
D
限时8分钟
Our planet Earth is cmparatively small, with nly abut 24,902 miles arund the equatr (赤道)． Its surface area may seem largest at 196,935,000 square miles, but f this, 71% is cvered by sea． The actual land surface cvers sme 57,500,000 square miles—29% f the ttal surface area．
Once again, this seems vast until we take int accunt the largely uninhabited regins such as the huge wastes f the Arctic and Antarctic, the deserts and wetlands． These regins are nt always ttally uninhabited, but they can usually supprt nly very small ppulatins．
At present there is still enugh space n Earth fr humans and wildlife, but what f the future? Our wrld cannt grw any larger, yet the human ppulatin keeps grwing every year! As f July 2008, there were almst 6．7 billin peple n the planet, and current estimates (估计) suggest that the ppulatin culd be as high as 9．1 billin by as sn as 2050．
While the birth rate is slwing a little in parts f the Nrthern Hemisphere, in many ther parts f the wrld, including develping cuntries, ppulatins cntinue t grw． This ppulatin explsin is respnsible fr mst wrld envirnmental prblems tday; s whether ur main cncern is t breathe cleaner air, t drink purer water, t eliminate (消除) pllutin, t prtect wildlife and cuntryside, t prduce mre fd t eat r t reach a higher standard f living generally, ur chances f achieving any f these things becme faint as the ppulatin increases sharply． The Earth's resurces are vast but limited． We have a tendency t lk t the shrt term, rather than seeing the bigger picture f the future．
This is why it is s imprtant that yung peple learn abut lking after the planet—s that future generatins f adults act respnsibly with regard t the envirnment and create a future that is cntinuable, bth fr humans and all the ther species with which we share ur wrld．
13．What des the authr wrry abut?
A．Hw t find ways t live in uninhabited regins．
B．The Earth is turning smaller and smaller．
C．Whether there is enugh space fr creatures in the future．
D．What peple will live n in the future．
答案：C 推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一句中的疑问句“but what f the future？”可以推断出，作者对于在将来人和野生生物是否还有足够的生存空间感到担心。故选C。
14．Accrding t the text, we can infer that ________．
A．the ppulatin will increase by abut 0．6 billin every ten years
B．the birth rate arund the equatr is a little lw
C．ppulatin explsin is caused by envirnmental prblems
D．mre ppulatin brings mre resurces
答案：A 推理判断题。根据第三段的最后一句可知，从2008年的大约67亿人口到2050年的91亿人口，在42年中，人口大约要增长24亿，即每十年大约增长6亿。故选A。由第四段第一句可知，北半球的某些地区人口出生率偏低，故B项错误；由第四段第二句可知，大部分环境问题是由急剧增多的人口造成的，故C项错误；D项不合常理。
15．What des the underlined wrd “faint” mean?
A．Imprtant． B．Slight．
C．Necessary． D．Interesting．
答案：B 词义猜测题。画线词前面提到人们想要呼吸更清洁的空气、喝更纯净的水、消除污染、保护野生生物和乡村、生产出更多的食物或普遍地达到一个更高的生活标准，然而人口数量的急剧增加，使人们实现这些想法的机会都变得微小了。故可推断出，faint的意思是“微小的；可能性不大的”，对比选项可知，slight“微小的”含义与其相近。故选B。
16．Which f the fllwing ideas is suggested by the authr?
A．Taking strng measures t cntrl the birth rate．
B．Saving the Earth's natural resurces．
C．Calling n the yung t care fr the planet．
D．Prtecting the endangered species．
答案：C 推理判断题。根据文章的最后一段可知，作者呼吁年轻人关爱地球，以便保护人类和其他物种未来的生存空间。故选C。
A
限时10分钟
(2018·浙江高考)Steven Stein likes t fllw garbage trucks． His strange habit makes sense when yu cnsider that he's an envirnmental scientist wh studies hw t reduce litter, including things that fall ff garbage trucks as they drive dwn the rad． What is even mre interesting is that ne f Stein's jbs is defending an industry behind the plastic shpping bag．
Americans use mre than 100 billin thin film plastic bags every year． S many end up in tree branches r alng highways that a grwing number f cities d nt allw them at checkuts (收银台)． The bags are prhibited in sme 90 cities in Califrnia, including Ls Angeles． Eyeing these headwinds,_plasticbag makers are hiring scientists like Stein t make the case that their prducts are nt as bad fr the planet as mst peple assume．
Amng the bag makers' arguments: many cities with bans still allw shppers t purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require mre energy t prduce and transprt． And while plastic bags may be ugly t lk at, they represent a small percentage f all garbage n the grund tday．
The industry has als taken aim at the prduct that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shpping bags． The strnger a reusable bag is, the lnger its life and the mre plasticbag use it cancels ut． Hwever, lngerlasting reusable bags ften require mre energy t make． One study fund that a cttn bag must be used at least 131 times t be better fr the planet than plastic．
Envirnmentalists dn't dispute (质疑) these pints． They hpe paper bags will be banned smeday t and want shppers t use the same reusable bags fr years．
1．What has Steven Stein been hired t d?
A．Help increase grcery sales．
B．Recycle the waste material．
C．Stp things falling ff trucks．
D．Argue fr the use f plastic bags．
答案：D 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句并结合第二段最后一句中的“plasticbag makers are hiring scientists like Stein t make the case that their prducts are nt as bad fr the planet as mst peple assume”可知，塑料袋制造商雇佣Stein这样的科学家来为塑料购物袋的使用进行辩护。故选D。
2．What des the wrd “headwinds” in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A．Bans n plastic bags．
B．Effects f city develpment．
C．Headaches caused by garbage．
D．Plastic bags hung in trees．
答案：A 词义猜测题。画线词是承接其上一句的内容描述，指在包括洛杉矶在内的加利福尼亚州的90个城市，塑料袋是禁止使用的。再结合画线词后的“t make the case that their prducts are nt as bad fr the planet as mst peple assume”可推断出，此处headwinds指的是“bans n plastic bags”，即对塑料袋的禁令。故选A。
3．What is a disadvantage f reusable bags accrding t plasticbag makers?
A．They are quite expensive．
B．Replacing them can be difficult．
C．They are less strng than plastic bags．
D．Prducing them requires mre energy．
答案：D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第三句可知，环保袋的一个缺点是生产它们需要更多能源。故选D。
4．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Plastic, Paper r Neither
B．Industry, Pllutin and Envirnment
C．Recycle r Thrw Away
D．Garbage Cllectin and Waste Cntrl
答案：A 标题判断题。通读全文可知，文章第一、二段介绍了塑料袋的禁用及原因；第三、四段介绍了环保袋的使用及其缺点；再结合最后一段第二句可知，环境学家甚至希望某天也可以禁用纸袋。因此A项(到底是选择塑料袋，纸袋还是两者都不使用)准确地概括了文章的主题，适合作标题。故选A。
B
限时8分钟
⊕(2019·陕西省部分学校摸底检测)Scientists are preparing t launch the wrld's first machine t clean up the planet's largest mass f cean plastic．
The experts believe the machine shuld be able t cllect half f the detritus in the patch—abut 40,000 metric tns—within five years． In the past few weeks they have been busy welding tgether giant tubes that will sit n the surface f the sea and frm the skeletn f the machine, creating the largest flating barrier ever made．
The system, riginally dreamt up by Mr Slat, will be shipped ut this summer t the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, between Hawaii and Califrnia, which cntains estimated 1．8 trillin pieces f plastic． It will be the first ever attempt t tackle the patch since it was discvered in 1997．
Mr Slat was 16 and still at schl when he was diving in Greece and first saw fr himself the amunt f plastic plluting the sea． “There were mre bags than fish dwn there，” he recalls． Tw years later he came up with a slutin, quit university after six mnths and set up The Ocean Cleanup as a cmpany． Mr Slat says the first plastic t arrive n shre will be a majr milestne． “We as humanity created this prblem, s I think it's als ur respnsibility t help slve it，” he says．
The Great Pacific Garbage Patch (GPGP) cvers an area f 1．6 millin square kilmeters and cntains at least 79,000 tns f plastic, research fund last mnth． Mst f it is made up f “ghst gear”—parts f abandned and lst fishing gear, such as nets and rpes—ften frm illegal fishing vessels．
Ghst gear kills mre than 100,000 whales, dlphins and seals each year, accrding t scientific surveys． Seabirds and ther marine life are increasingly being fund dead with stmachs full f small pieces f plastic． Creatures eat plastic discarded in the sea thinking it's fd but then starve t death because they are nt feeding prperly． Others are trapped and die f starvatin r are strangled r suffcated by ghst gear．
eq \x(篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界首个海洋垃圾清扫机的发明。)
5．What des the underlined wrd in the secnd paragraph prbably mean?
A．Waste． B．Ocean． C．System． D．Machine．
答案：A 词义猜测题。根据第二段画线词前的“cllect half f”，第四段第一句中的“first saw fr himself the amunt f plastic plluting the sea”和第五段最后一句中的“parts f abandned and lst fishing gear, such as nets and rpes—ften frm illegal fishing vessels”可推知，画线词的意思是“垃圾”，故选A。
6．Which ne makes up mst f the garbage in Pacific frm the passage?
A．Fishing vessels． B．Dlphins and seals．
C．Giant tubes． D．Abandned fishing gear．
答案：D 细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“Mst f it is made up f ‘ghst gear’—parts f abandned and lst fishing gear, such as nets and rpes—ften frm illegal fishing vessels．”可知，太平洋里的大部分垃圾是由废弃的钓鱼用具组成的。
7．Why d sme creatures in The Great Pacific Garbage Patch die f starvatin?
A．Because they are killed by ghst gear．
B．Because they are suffcated by ghst gear．
C．Because they dn't like eating plastic．
D．Because they are nt feeding prperly．
答案：D 细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句中的“but then starve t death because they are nt feeding prperly”可知，太平洋垃圾带的一些生物死于饥饿是因为它们不能真正地进食。
8．What is the main idea f the passage?
A．A reprt abut the death f marine life．
B．News abut the first machine t clean up cean plastic．
C．Infrmatin abut cean plastic．
D．The reasn fr inventing a machine．
答案：B 主旨大意题。本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界首个海洋垃圾清扫机的发明。第一段“Scientists are preparing t launch the wrld's first machine t clean up the planet's largest mass f cean plastic．”点明了文章的主题，故选B。
C
限时7分钟
(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)After years f heated debate, gray wlves were reintrduced t Yellwstne Natinal Park． Furteen wlves were caught in Canada and transprted t the park． By last year, the Yellwstne wlf ppulatin had grwn t mre than 170 wlves．
Gray wlves nce were seen here and there in the Yellwstne area and much f the cntinental United States, but they were gradually displaced by human develpment． By the 1920s, wlves had practically disappeared frm the Yellwstne area． They went farther nrth int the deep frests f Canada, where there were fewer humans arund．
The disappearance f the wlves had many unexpected results． Deer and elk ppulatins—majr fd surces (来源) fr the wlf—grew rapidly． These animals cnsumed large amunts f vegetatin (植被), which reduced plant diversity in the park． In the absence f wlves, cyte ppulatins als grew quickly． The cytes killed a large percentage f the park's red fxes, and cmpletely drve away the park's beavers．
As early as 1966, bilgists asked the gvernment t cnsider reintrducing wlves t Yellwstne Park． They hped that wlves wuld be able t cntrl the elk and cyte prblems． Many farmers ppsed the plan because they feared that wlves wuld kill their farm animals r pets．
The gvernment spent nearly 30 years cming up with a plan t reintrduce the wlves． The US Fish and Wildlife Service carefully mnitrs and manages the wlf packs in Yellwstne． Tday, the debate cntinues ver hw well the gray wlf is fitting in at Yellwstne．Elk，deer, and cyte ppulatins are dwn, while beavers and red fxes have made a cmeback． The Yellwstne wlf prject has been a valuable experiment t help bilgists decide whether t reintrduce wlves t ther parts f the cuntry as well．
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章详细叙述了把灰狼重新引入黄石国家公园的原因以及这一方案从提出到实施的经过和其会产生的影响。
9．What is the text mainly abut?
A．Wildlife research in the United States．
B．Plant diversity in the Yellwstne area．
C．The cnflict between farmers and gray wlves．
D．The reintrductin f wlves t Yellwstne Park．
答案：D 主旨大意题。文章围绕重新将灰狼引入黄石公园展开讨论。故选D。
10．What des the underlined wrd “displaced” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Tested． B．Separated．
C．Frced ut． D．Tracked dwn．
答案：C 词义猜测题。根据上文可知，灰狼曾经随处可见，再结合后文“wlves had practically disappeared”可知，与displaced意思最接近的是C项“被迫离开”。displace “取代；替代”。test “测试”；separate “分开”；track dwn “追查到”，均与语境不符。
11．What did the disappearance f gray wlves bring abut?
A．Damage t lcal eclgy．
B．A decline in the park's incme．
C．Preservatin f vegetatin．
D．An increase in the variety f animals．
答案：A 推理判断题。由第三段可知，灰狼的消失产生了很多意想不到的结果。鹿及麋鹿的数量快速增长，导致植被破坏，麋鹿吃掉了大量赤狐，并迫使河狸离开黄石公园。由此可知，灰狼的消失导致当地的生态失去平衡。故选A。
12．What is the authr's attitude twards the Yellwstne wlf prject?
A．Dubtful． B．Psitive．
C．Disapprving． D．Uncaring．
答案：B 推理判断题。由最后一段可知，灰狼回归后，鹿及麋鹿的数量减少了，而河狸和赤狐又回来了，再由“a valuable experiment t help”等可推断出作者对于黄石狼项目持肯定态度。故选B。
D
限时12分钟
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)We may think we're a culture that gets rid f ur wrn technlgy at the first sight f smething shiny and new, but a new study shws that we keep using ur ld devices (装置) well after they g ut f style． That's bad news fr the envirnment—and ur wallets—as these utdated devices cnsume much mre energy than the newer nes that d the same things．
T figure ut hw much pwer these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her clleagues at the Rchester Institute f Technlgy in New Yrk tracked the envirnmental csts fr each prduct thrughut its life—frm when its minerals are mined t when we stp using the device． This methd prvided a readut fr hw hme energy use has evlved since the early 1990s． Devices were gruped by generatin． Desktp cmputers, basic mbile phnes, and bxset TVs defined 1992． Digital cameras arrived n the scene in 1997． And MP3 players, smart phnes, and LCD TVs entered hmes in 2002, befre tablets and ereaders shwed up in 2007．
As we accumulated mre devices, hwever, we didn't thrw ut ur ld nes． “The livingrm televisin is replaced and gets planted in the kids' rm, and suddenly ne day, yu have a TV in every rm f the huse，” said ne researcher． The average number f electrnic devices rse frm fur per husehld in 1992 t 13 in 2007． We're nt just keeping these ld devices—we cntinue t use them． Accrding t the analysis f Babbitt's team, ld desktp mnitrs and bx TVs with cathde ray tubes are the wrst devices with their energy cnsumptin and cntributin t greenhuse gas emissins (排放) mre than dubling during the 1992 t 2007 windw．
S what's the slutin (解决方案)? The team's data nly went up t 2007, but the researchers als explred what wuld happen if cnsumers replaced ld prducts with new electrnics that serve mre than ne functin, such as a tablet fr wrd prcessing and TV viewing． They fund that mre ndemand entertainment viewing n tablets instead f TVs and desktp cmputers culd cut energy cnsumptin by 44%．
13．What des the authr think f new devices?
A．They are envirnmentfriendly．
B．They are n better than the ld．
C．They cst mre t use at hme．
D．They g ut f style quickly．
答案：A 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句可知，使用旧的电子设备对环境和我们的钱包都是坏消息。这些过时的设备做相同的事情要消耗比新设备更多的能源。由此推知，作者认为新电子设备环保、节能。故选A。
14．Why did Babbitt's team cnduct the research?
A．T reduce the cst f minerals．
B．T test the life cycle f a prduct．
C．T update cnsumers n new technlgy．
D．T find ut electricity cnsumptin f the devices．
答案：D 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“T figure ut hw much pwer these devices are using, ．．．”可知，Babbitt的团队研究的目的是为了弄清楚新旧电子设备的耗能量。故选D。
15．Which f the fllwing uses the least energy?
A．The bxset TV． B．The tablet．
C．The LCD TV． D．The desktp cmputer．
答案：B 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句和最后一段最后一句可知，平板电脑是耗能最少的电子设备，可以降低44%的耗能。故选B。
16．What des the text suggest peple d abut ld electrnic devices?
A．Stp using them． B．Take them apart．
C．Upgrade them． D．Recycle them．
答案：A 推理判断题。根据文章的整体内容可知，因为旧的电子设备耗能高，不环保，所以作者建议停止使用旧的电子设备。故选A。
E
限时12分钟
⊕(2019·山东省济宁一中高三第一次调研考试)Fr envirnmental reasns, Britain will ban all new petr and dieselpwered vehicles frm its rads beginning in 22 years, a gvernment reprt says．
The plan, expected Wednesday, aims t start remving petrl and diesel engines in 2040． It fllws a similar fficial statement in France and cmes after the British gvernment was rdered by the High Curt t develp new plans t reduce NO2 in the air． Judges ruled that previus cleanair plans were nt enugh t meet Eurpean Unin pllutin limits in the cming years．
Britain's gvernment has said the pr air quality has an unnecessary and avidable negative effect n citizens' health, and csts up t $ 3．5 billin in annual lst prductivity．
Part f the new plan invlves an ffer f $ 260 millin t lcal gvernments t change rules where vehicle emissins (排放) are ver EU standards． Ideas s far include changing rad layuts, reprgramming traffic lights and charging a fee fr the ldest and mst plluting cars n the rad．
The plan als includes $1．3 billin fr gvernment purchase f extremelwemissin vehicles, nearly $ 130 millin t imprve infrastructure fr electric vehicle charging statins and $ 378 millin fr remdeling existing vehicles．
Climate change is als a reasn fr the plan t get these vehicles ff the rad． “We can't carry n with petrl and diesel cars，” Envirnment Secretary Michael Gve said． “It's imprtant we all prepare fr a significant change which deals nt just with the prblems f health caused by emissins, but the brader prblems caused in terms f accelerating climate change．”
Gve added that lcal cmmunities are partly respnsible fr cming up with ways t limit emissins, including pssible limitatins n cmmuters (上下班往返者) and the additin f cleaner mass transprtatin ptins． Lcal leaders are called n t draw up “apprpriate plans” t deal with climate challenges related t emissin, he said．
17．Why des the British gvernment decide n this ban?
A．T fcus n its citizens' health．
B．T respnd t the curt's request．
C．T prmte slar energy in transprt．
D．T fllw in France's ftsteps．
答案：B 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“It fllws a similar fficial statement in France and cmes after the British gvernment was rdered by the High Curt t develp new plans t reduce NO2 in the air．”可知，英国最高法院要求政府制定新的计划减少空气污染，所以决定采用这个禁令是应英国法院的要求，故B项正确。
18．Which measure may the British gvernment take t achieve its plan?
A．T fllw in France's ftsteps．
B．Remving ld and highemissin vehicles．
C．Spending sme mney n electric vehicles．
D．Changing the way rads are arranged．
答案：D 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Ideas s far include changing rad layuts, reprgramming traffic lights and charging a fee fr the ldest and mst plluting cars n the rad．”可知，做法包括改变道路设置、重编交通灯、收取老旧车辆污染车辆费等，故D项正确。
19．What can be inferred frm Gve's wrds?
A．Cnvenient public transprtatin is badly needed．
B．United effrts are required t achieve the plan．
C．Vehicle emissins are the key factr in climate change．
D．Petrl and diesel cars may hld back ecnmic prgress．
答案：B 推理判断题。根据文章最后两段内容可知，Gve认为所有人都应该共同努力，地方社区居民和地方领导人都要一起努力实现目标，故B项正确。
20．What is the suitable title fr this passage?
A．Practical ways t reduce vehicle emissins
B．The EU frces Britain t imprve the pr air quality
C．Britain plans t take petrl and diesel engines ff rads
D．Relatinship between vehicle emissins and climate change
答案：C 标题判断题。由全文内容并结合第一段(主旨段)可知，文章主要讲述英国计划在2040年全面禁止使用汽油车和柴油车，英国政府为此出台了一项计划并号召所有人一起努力实现这个目标，故C项正确。