(人教版)高考英语一轮复习课时学案 第1部分 教材解读 必修第一册 Unit 3　Sports and Fitness (含解析)

Ⅰ.认阅读单词

1．soccer n．足球；足球运动

2．stadium n．(pl.stadiums or stadia)体育场；运动场

3．boxing n．拳击(运动)

4．badminton n．羽毛球运动

5．marathon n．马拉松赛跑

6．ski adj.滑雪的 vi.滑雪

7．track and field田径

8．gymnastics n．体操(训练)

9．legend n．传奇故事(或人物)；传说

10．glory n．荣誉；光荣；赞美

11．graceful adj.优美的；优雅的

12．push-up n．(especially NAmE)俯卧撑

13．error n．错误；差错

Ⅱ.记重点单词

1．event n．比赛项目；大事；公开活动

2．track n．跑道；足迹；铁路轨道 vi.& vt.追踪；跟踪

3．gym n．健身房；体育馆

4．sweat vt.使出汗；出汗弄湿 vi.出汗；流汗 n．汗水；出汗

5．athlete n．运动员；运动健儿

6．master n．高手；主人 vt.精通；掌握

7．medal n．奖章；勋章

8．apart adv.分离；分开；成碎片

9．captain n．(运动队)队长；船长；机长

10．pretend vi.& vt.假装；装扮

11．million num.一百万

12．cheat vi.作弊；舞弊 vt.欺骗；蒙骗 n．欺骗手段；骗子

13．audience n．观众；听众

14．positive adj.积极的；正面的；乐观的；肯定的

15．slim adj.苗条的；单薄的

16．diet n．规定饮食；日常饮食 vi.节食

17．rather adv.相当；有点儿

18．jog vi.慢跑 n．慢跑

Ⅲ.知拓展单词

1．fitness n．健康；健壮；适合→fit adj.适合的；健康的 vt.& vi.适合→unfit adj.不适合的

2．host vt.主办；主持 n．主人；东道主；节目主持人→hostess n．女主人

3．honour n．荣誉；尊敬；荣幸→honourable adj.可敬的；体面的→honoured adj.受尊敬的

4．championship n．锦标赛；冠军赛；冠军称号→champion n．冠军；优胜者

5．determination n．决心；决定→determine v．决心；决意→determined adj.坚决的

6．injure vt.使受伤；损害→injured adj.受伤的；有伤的→injury n．伤害；损伤

7．strength n．力量；体力→strengthen v．增强→strong adj.强壮的

8．failure n．失败；失败的人(或事物)→fail v．失败

9．compete vi.竞争；对抗→competition n．竞争；比赛→competitor n．竞争者；对手→competitive adj.竞争的

10．stress n．压力；紧张；重音 vt.强调；重读；使焦虑不安 vi.焦虑不安→stressful adj.造成压力的→stressed adj.感到压力的

1．agricultural adj.农业的

2．allergic adj.过敏的

3．alphabet n．字母表

4．alternative adj.可选择的 n．可供选择的事物

5．altitude n．高地；高度

6．altogether adv.总共

7．amateur adj.业余的；外行的 n．业余选手

8．ambition n．野心；抱负

Ⅳ.背核心短语

1．come along跟随；到达；进步；赶快

2．work out锻炼；计算出；解决

3．make it获得成功；准时到达

4．set an example树立榜样

5．fall apart破裂；破碎；崩溃

6．lose heart丧失信心；泄气

7．give up放弃；投降

8．make sense有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚

9．pretend to do sth 假装做某事

10．even if/though即使；虽然

11．make a difference有作用或影响

12．rather than而不是

13．cut...out停止做(或使用、食用)；剪下

14．now and then有时；偶尔

15．compare...with/to...与……比较

Ⅴ.悟经典句式

1．They must be athletes who are masters in their sports and also set good examples for others.(who引导的定语从句)

他们必须是他们(各自的)运动领域的高手，而且为其他人树立了很好的榜样。

2．The Boys and Girls Club which he started in Chicago has been helping young people since 1996.(现在完成进行时)

他在芝加哥所创建的“男孩女孩俱乐部”从1996年至今一直在帮助年轻人。

3．A soccer player should not pretend to fall down even if it helps his/her team.(even if引导的让步状语从句)

足球运动员不应该假装摔倒，即使这对他/她的球队有帮助。

4．Once I started thinking about fitness rather than weight，things began to change.(once引导的时间状语从句)

一旦我开始考虑健康而不是体重，事情就有了变化。

5．Instead of saying “I want to lose three kilos”，I would say “I want to run two kilometres in eight minutes” or “I want to be able to do 30 push-ups”．(instead of doing)

我不会说“我想减掉3千克”，我会说“我想在8分钟内跑完2千米”或“我希望能做30个俯卧撑”。

6．By being positive about myself and my body，I became both happier and healthier.(by doing作状语)

通过积极看待自我和自己的身体，我变得更快乐、更健康了。

请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。

Competitive Sports and Mass Sports

Including soccer，boxing，badminton，marathon，skiing，gymnastics and track and field，there seem to be hundreds of sports for us.In stadiums，gyms，or homes，we can work out 1.sweating all over.Competitive sports mean that athletes must compete against each other for medals in championships or events in Olympics to win 2.honour and glory for their country，which needs not only skills and strength but also great 3.determination.However，success often comes along with error，stress，failure and injuries.Sometimes even a master may fall apart，but he never loses heart.Finally he makes it and becomes a champion and legend，setting an example to others.Compared with competitive sports，mass sports focus on fitness 4.rather than competition.Millions of people go jogging or do push-ups to keep slim instead of going on a diet by cutting out fat.However，with no audience to shout encouragement，they may give up.They cheat themselves into taking exercise the next day or 5.pretend to have done it otherwise，which doesn’t make sense.However，even if you take exercise now and then，it will make a difference and have 6.positive effects，won’t it?

提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇

honour n．荣誉；尊敬；荣幸(honoured adj.受尊敬的)

(1)Michael Jordan，a master in basketball，never lost heart even if he was faced with failure，for which he was greatly honoured(honour)．

(2)人们庆祝端午节纪念屈原，他是中国一位伟大的诗人。(话题写作之传统节日)

People celebrate the Dragon Boat Festival in honour of Qu Yuan，who is a great Chinese poet.

(3)能有宝贵的机会在这里发表演讲，我感到非常荣幸。(应用文写作之演讲稿)

①It is a great honour for me to have the precious opportunity to deliver a speech here.(it is an honour for sb to do)

②I feel it a great honour to have the precious opportunity to deliver a speech here.(feel it an honour to do)

③I feel greatly honoured to have the precious opportunity to deliver a speech here.(feel honoured to do)

determination n．决心；决定(determine v．测定；决定；确定 determined adj.坚决的；有决心的)

(1)Write a poem about how courage，determination(determine)，and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)

(2)He determined on/upon facing the failure bravely rather than escaping from reality.

(3)就在那时我决定继续在农场工作，以便能帮助养活我的家人。(2021·浙江6月，读后续写)

It was at that time that I determined to go on working on the farm so that I could help support my family.(determine to do)

(4)决心很好地组织这次主题班会，我写信征求你关于哪些中国传统文化最吸引外国人的意见。(2021·全国甲，书面表达)

Determined to organize the theme class meeting wonderfully，I am writing to ask you for advice on which Chinese traditional cultures attract foreigners most.(过去分词短语作状语)

injury n．伤害；损伤(injured adj.受伤的；有伤的 injure vt.使受伤；损害)

(1)The captain recovered from his injuries(injure) soon with the help of skilled doctors and nurses.

(2)尽管腿受了伤，他还是决心跑完马拉松。

①Though he got/was injured in the leg，he was determined to finish the marathon.

②Though injured in the leg，he was determined to finish the marathon.(用“连词＋过去分词”作状语改写)

(3)营救队像箭一样冲往现场，给伤者实施急救，然后急忙把他们送往最近的医院。(读后续写之动作链描写)

The rescue team dashed to the spot like arrows，offered first aid to the injured and then rushed them to the nearest hospital.

failure n．失败；失败的人(或事物)(fail v．失败；不及格)

(1)The athlete didn’t win a medal or become a champion，but the audience didn’t view him as a failure.

(2)正如一句谚语说的那样，“失败是成功之母”。努力工作，你就会取得进步。(应用文写作之鼓励他人)

As a proverb goes，“Failure is the mother of success.” Work hard，and you will make progress.

(3)这对双胞胎感到沮丧，他们没做成一顿美味的母亲节早餐。

(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)

The twins felt depressed that they failed to cook a delicious Mother’s Day breakfast.

compete vi.竞争；对抗(competitive adj.竞争的，竞争心强的；有竞争力的 competitor n．竞争者，竞争对手；参赛者 competition n．竞争；竞赛，比赛)

(1)As the youngest competitor，John will compete in the writing competition for the annual award of writing.He must be very competitive so that he can win.(compete)

(2)在南瓜地里，我和我的兄弟姐妹比赛去找最大的南瓜。(2021·浙江1月，读后续写)

In the pumpkin field，I competed with/against my siblings to seek out the biggest pumpkin.

(3)尽管这是一场竞争激烈的比赛，但是真正重要的不是冠军称号，而是参与者在比赛中所展示出来的决心。(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，应用文写作)

Although/Though/While this was a competitive race，what really mattered was not the title of championship but the determination that participants showed during the race.

give up放弃；投降

(1)Although he didn’t admit that he had cheated in the exam，his facial expression gave him away.

(2)On the edge of the jacket，there is a piece of cloth which gives off light in the dark.

(3)尽管已经失败多次，他们也不放弃，最终做出了美味的爆米花。

(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)

Though having failed many times，they didn’t give up and finally delicious popcorn was made.

(4)看到这对双胞胎失望的脸庞，爸爸乐意帮助他们做早餐，并且温柔地轻声说道：“亲爱的孩子们，不要向暂时的困难屈服。”(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)

Seeing the twins’ disappointed faces，the father willingly gave them a hand to cook breakfast and whispered gently，“My dear children，don’t give in to the temporary difficulty.”

(5)简的精力已经耗尽了。她的脚像灌了铅一样沉重，她瘫坐在树旁，失控地哭起来。(读后续写之情感描写)

Jane’s energy had given out.Her feet felt as heavy as lead and she slumped beside a tree，weeping without control.

make sense有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚

(1)用make的相关短语填空

①Pretending to have understood what your teacher said doesn’t make sense.

②His words puzzled me so much that I had a hard time making sense of what he really meant.

③Although David ranked last in the cross-country run，he finally made it to the finish line，with all the audience cheering for him.(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)

④Attention，please！We’ll gather at the school gate at 8 am tomorrow and then make for/make our way to the nearby farm to pick fruits.(应用文写作之口头通知)

(2)有时小小的善意就能产生巨大影响，使得这个世界更加美丽和谐。(读后续写之升华句)

Sometimes a little kindness can make a great difference，making the world more beautiful and harmonious.

(3)我确信如果你采纳以上建议，你会和你的搭档和好。(应用文写作之建议信)

I make sure that you will make up with your partner if you adopt the above suggestions.

cut...out停止做(或使用、食用)；剪下

用cut的相关短语填空

(1)To keep physically healthy，the experts strongly suggest cutting out alcohol in our daily life.

(2)I usually cut across the park on my way home so that I can arrive home earlier.

(3)She kept on cutting in on our conversation，which made us very annoyed.

(4)The captain cut up the meat in his plate impatiently to show his anger.

(5)His company will cut down its production if the water supply is cut off.

even if引导的让步状语从句 A soccer player should not pretend to fall down even if it helps his/her team.足球运动员不应该假装摔倒，即使这对他/她的球队有帮助。

(1)即使我吓得浑身颤抖，我仍然鼓起勇气，走上舞台，开始了我的演讲。(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)

Even if/though I was so frightened as to tremble all over/so frightened that I trembled all over，I still gathered up all my courage，stepped on the stage and began my speech.

(2)尽管他陷入了困境，他仍然乐意帮助处于困境中的人。

Even if/though he was stuck in hardships，he still willingly helped those in trouble.

1．These findings are exciting because it’s possible that improving people’s cardiovascular fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them from developing dementia.(2022·浙江1月)

这些发现激动人心，因为它们表明通过改善中年人的心血管健康来延缓甚至阻止他们患痴呆症是有可能的。

2．The next step，according to the researchers，is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues，or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.(2022·全国甲)

研究人员表示，下一步是尝试确定凤头鹦鹉是完全依靠视觉线索，还是也使用触觉来选择它们的形状。

3．As a special education teacher at the school，I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong determination.(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)

作为学校的一名特殊教育老师，我熟悉大卫面临的挑战，并为他坚强的决心感到骄傲。

4．Remember，even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.

(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)

记住，甚至是世界冠军运动员也会持续不断地练习他们的技能。

5．The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed，taking into account such things as rainfall，air temperature，dampness of soil，and the timing of snowmelt.(2019·浙江6月)

研究人员使用计算机模型计算出水分压力，该模型计算出树木获得的水量与所需的水量，并考虑降雨量、空气温度、土壤湿度和融雪时间这些因素。

提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇

Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍

1．work out

(1)With great efforts the soldier worked out the problem.  B 

(2)The area can be easily worked out if you know the length and the width.  C 

(3)To win glory for our class in the sports meeting，I have been working out for an hour every morning.  A 

2．compare...to...

(1)I often compare what I think to what others have thought.  B 

(2)Scientists sometimes compare the human brain to a computer.  A 

3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思

(1)The 2008 Olympic Games is the biggest sporting event ever held in Beijing.比赛项目

(2)Even if the architect worked hard，he still had a slim chance of winning the competition.微小的；渺茫的

(3)I can’t stress too much the importance of keeping diaries in English every day.强调

Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识

1．The soldier felt greatly honoured(honour) to see the emperor in the flesh.

2．Determined(determine) to get to the destination，the athlete showed amazing willpower.

3．The architect got injured(injure) when hiking to the castle through a narrow path.

4．When checking out at the counter，the man found his credit card lost，so he had to give up the purchase.

5．The competition(compete) was extremely fierce and at last we won the match narrowly by 74 vs 72.

6．It is requested that we should cut down the intake of fat and sugar to regain fitness.

7．Rather than admiring(admire) the beauty of movie stars，I learned to discover my unique beauty.

8．Failure(fail) is recognised as the mother of success，so as long as we don’t lose heart，we will succeed.

9．I could not make sense of what he said until he told me the story in detail.

10．I have been trying(try) to contact the official in charge of transport in the past three hours，but I haven’t been able to get through.

Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练

(2022·全国乙，书面表达)——就课外英语学习活动的调查结果投稿

1．已经调查了许多学生，他们对课外学英语采用了不同的方法。(who引导的定语从句)

Many students have been surveyed，who have adopted different ways to study English beyond the classroom.

2．即使65%的学生更喜欢听英文歌曲，50%的学生仍然选择看英语电影。(even if)

Even if 65% of the students prefer listening to English songs,50% of them still choose to watch English movies.

3．18%的学生可以通过读英语书籍提高他们的英语。(by doing...作状语)

18% of the students can get their English improved by reading English books.

4．12%的学生不是运用以上学习方法，他们充分利用英语学习网站。(instead of)

Instead of using the above learning methods,12% of the students make full use of English learning websites.

5．在我看来，一旦我们拥有一个合适的学习方法，我们可以取得更多的进步。(once)

Personally，once we have a suitable learning method，we can make much more progress.

Ⅱ.微型写作——续写提能练

教材续写语料

1．情感描写

determination n．决心；决定→determine v．测定；决定；确定

fall apart破裂；破碎；崩溃

lose heart丧失信心；泄气

give up放弃；投降

positive adj.积极的；乐观的

2．动作描写

track vt.追踪；跟踪

work out锻炼；计算出；解决

sweat vt.使出汗 vi.出汗；流汗 n．汗水

make it获得成功；准时到达

续写语料运用

请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，完成以下语段。然后核对答案并背诵该语段。

(2018·浙江6月，读后续写)

当看到一只兔子的时候，我和爸爸决定追它。兔子是如此迅速以致它消失在树林中。直到那时，我们才意识到最后一抹霞光正快速消失在树丛中。迷路了，我吓得一身冷汗，几乎要崩溃了。我颤抖着说道：“爸爸，我们怎样才能解决这个困境呢？”爸爸喃喃地说：“不要灰心！不要放弃！我们会成功到达农舍的！”

When seeing a rabbit，father and I determined to track it.So swift was it that it disappeared in the forest.Not until then did we realize that the last ray of twilight was quickly disappearing among the numerous trees.Lost，I was in a cold sweat from extreme horror and I nearly fell apart.I said in a trembling voice，“Dad，how can we work out the dilemma？” Dad murmured，“Don’ t lose heart! Don’ t give up! We will make it to the farmhouse！”