(人教版)高考英语一轮复习课时学案 第1部分 教材解读 选择性必修第四册 Unit 1　Science Fiction (含解析)

Ⅰ.认阅读单词

1．fiction n．小说；虚构的事

2．science fiction(informal sci-fi)科幻小说(或影片等)

3．bonus n．意外收获；奖金；红利

4．ridiculous adj.愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的

5．absurd adj.荒谬的；荒唐的

6．nail n．指甲；趾甲；钉子 vt.(用钉子)钉牢；固定

7．suspend vt.悬；挂；暂停；暂缓

8．ladder n．梯子；阶梯

9．whereas conj.然而；但是；尽管

10．rumour n．谣言；传闻

11．presume vt.& vi.假定；假设

12．fare n．车费；船费；飞机票价

13．gramme (NAmE gram)n.克(重量单位)

14．venue n．活动场地(如音乐厅、会场等)

15．alien n．外星人(生物)；外国人 adj.陌生的；外星的；外国的

16．inaction n．无行动；不采取措施

17．lever n．操纵杆；杠杆

18．panel n．控制板；仪表盘；专家咨询组

19．inch n．英寸(长度单位，等于2.54厘米)

20．grip vt.& vi.紧握；抓紧

21．hazy adj.模糊的；朦胧的；困惑的

22．puff n．(烟、气等的)一缕；少量；喘息

23．jolt n．震动；摇晃；颠簸 vt.& vi.(使)震动；摇晃

24．flip vt.& vi.(使)快速翻转；(用手指)轻抛

25．overstatement n．夸大；夸张

Ⅱ.记重点单词

1．integrity n．诚实正直；完整；完好

2．dignity n．庄重；庄严；尊严

3．salary n．薪水；薪金

4．saleswoman n．女售货员；女推销员

5．dismiss vt.让(某人)离开；解散；解雇；消除

6．weekly adj.每周的 n．周刊

7．chairwoman n．女主席；女董事长；女委员长

8．flour n．面粉；(谷物磨成的)粉

9．salesman n．售货员；推销员

10．superior adj.更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的

11．labour n．劳动(者)；体力劳动 vi.奋斗；努力工作

12．leather n．皮革；[pl.]皮衣；皮外套

13．backwards (NAmE backward)adv.向后；倒着；往回

14．niece n．侄女；外甥女

15．fetch vt.(去)拿来；(去)请来

16．handkerchief n．手帕；纸巾

17．lamp n．灯；台灯

18．pace n．速度；步伐；节奏 vt.& vi.确定速度；调整节奏

19．random adj.随机的；不可思议的

20．maximum adj.最大极限的 n．最大量；最大限度

21．stun vt.使震惊；使昏迷

Ⅲ.知拓展单词

1．appointment n．预约；约会；委任→appoint vt.任命；委派；指定；约定

2．guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的→guilt n．内疚；罪行；罪过

3．declare vt.表明；宣称；公布→declaration n．宣称；声明

4．calculate vt.计算；核算；预测→calculator n．计算器→calculation n．计算

5．blurred adj.模糊不清的；难以区分的→blur v．(使)变得模糊不清；(使)视线模糊

6．division n．分开；分隔；差异；除(法)→divide v．分开；分散；分配；分享

7．urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐→urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的

8．explode vi.& vt.爆炸；爆破→explosion n．爆炸；(感情)爆发；激增

9．mud n．泥；泥浆→muddy adj.泥泞的

1．mystery n．神秘；神秘的事物

2．nationwide adj.全国范围的；全国性的

3．negotiate vi.谈判；商议

4．neighbourhood(美neighborhood)n.四邻；邻近地区

5．normal n．& adj.正常的(状态)

6．nutrition n．营养；营养品

7．obtain vt.得到

8．occupation n．职业；占有

Ⅳ.背核心短语

1．test out检验；测试

2．more like更像是；更接近

3．on a．..basis根据；以……的方式(基准)

4．pros and cons事物的利与弊；支持与反对

5．superior to比……更好；更胜一筹

6．take over占上风；取而代之；接管；接手

7．conflict with与……冲突或抵触

8．turn out关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是

9．fall away(逐渐)减少；消失

10．have an urge to有强烈的欲望做某事

Ⅴ.悟经典句式

1．On the second morning，Tony brought her breakfast and then asked her whether she needed help dressing.(whether引导的宾语从句)

第二天早晨，托尼给她端来了早餐，还问她是否需要帮忙穿衣打扮。

2．She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her the next day，and that he felt more than just the desire to please her.(more than...不仅仅……)

她听到他说第二天不想离开她，他感觉他不仅仅只是想取悦她。

3．It felt like I was being driven fast on a winding road.(feel like...感觉像……)

这感觉就像我在一条蜿蜒的路上疾驰。

4．So long as I travelled at maximum speed，it didn’t matter.(so long as引导条件状语从句)

只要我全速行进就不会有问题。

请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。

My niece，Jane，laboured to the maximum for 10 years in a shopping mall and finally she took up an 1.appointment as the chairwoman.She was respected by all the salesmen and saleswomen because she was full of integrity and dignity.She exactly calculated the staff’s salaries and rewarded the best ones with a 2.bonus.Most of the staff were modest，whereas one salesman，Jack,3.declared that he could sell anything by absurd overstatements，such as science fiction，ladders，flour，leathers，levers of various panels，handkerchiefs，nails，lamps and even mud.In his view，he was superior to others，so he had an urge to take over the position of sales manager.It turned out that he often conflicted with others.Then came a rumour that all the staff would resign if Jack wasn’t dismissed，which greatly stunned Jane and even made her explode with anger.Jane thought inaction was improper，so she urged Jack to weigh pros and cons.Otherwise，his job would be suspended.Jack felt so 4.guilty about his ridiculous behavior that tears blurred his eyes.He promised to apologize to all the staff at a meeting on a weekly basis to remove the 5.division between him and his colleagues.He would share what he gripped from that day on.

提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇

guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的(guilt n．内疚；悔恨；犯罪；罪行)

(1)I felt guilty for/at/about my conflict with my dear friend and I must apologize to him.

(2)她喃喃道：“我已经犯下欺骗奶奶的错误，”脸颊上流下了内疚的泪水。(读后续写之愧疚心理描写)

①“I have been guilty of cheating my beloved grandmother，” she murmured，and tears of guilt flowed down her cheeks.(并列句)

②“I have been guilty of cheating my beloved grandmother，” she murmured，tears of guilt flowing down her cheeks.(独立主格结构)

urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐(urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的)

(1)The salesman didn’t work yesterday because he had some urgent(urge) things to handle.

(2)为了更好地保护海洋，我们必须敦促更多的人去反思他们不合适的行为并且做出改变。

(2022·全国甲，书面表达)

①To protect oceans better，we must urge more people to reflect on their own improper behavior and make changes.(urge sb to do sth)

②To protect oceans better，we must urge that more people (should) reflect on their own improper behavior and make changes.(urge that...)

(3)随着中国的发展，极力主张年轻人无障碍地与外国人交流。因此，任何渴望说流利英语的人都可以报名参加我们的口语俱乐部。(2022·天津3月，书面表达)

With the development of China，it is urged that the young (should) communicate with foreigners without difficulty.Hence，anyone who has/feels an urge to speak fluent English can register for our Spoken English Club.

take over占上风；取而代之；接管；接手

用take的相关短语填空

After (1)taking over the firm from his father，Tom (2)took in some scientific ideas and (3)took on some experienced and hard-working workers，which suggested that his firm would (4)take off soon.Certainly，managing the firm (5)took up almost all his time.Tom held the strong belief that his firm would (6)take on a new look in the near future.

turn out关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是

由于生病，我的搭档不得不把我们的项目移交给我。尽管我对这个项目心里没底，我也不能拒绝他。如果我遇到不能解决的东西，我会向我的搭档寻求指导。完成所有的数据分析后，我按时上交我们的项目。结果我们的有说服力的研究得了最高分。一得知结果，我就出现在医院里，和他分享这个好消息，我们的脸上都洋溢着明媚的笑容。

(2022·浙江1月，读后续写)

My partner had to (1)turn over our project to me because of his illness.Although I was unsure about the project，I (2)couldn’ t turn him down.If I came across what I couldn’t settle，I (3)would turn to my partner for guidance.With all the statistical analyses finished，I (4)turned in the project punctually/on time.It (5)turned out that our persuasive study won the highest grade.The moment I learned the result，I (6)turned up at the hospital，sharing the good news with my partner and our faces beamed with bright smiles.

more than... She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her the next day，and that he felt more than just the desire to please her.她听到他说第二天不想离开她，他感觉他不仅仅只是想取悦她。

(1)写出下列句子中more than的汉语意思

①She bought more than ten handkerchiefs and two pairs of leather shoes at a time，which made her mother explode with anger.多于；超过

②I am more than glad to help you analyze the pros and cons of the choice you have made.非常

③The chairwoman is more than our leader；she is also our friend.不仅仅是

④Having performed perfectly in the store，the saleswoman is more hard-working than clever.与其说……不如说……

(2)I would be more than delighted(我会非常高兴) if you could come and join my birthday party at 7 p．m.next Friday at my home.There will be more than ten friends(将会有十几个朋友) present at the party.The party is more than for fun(派对不仅仅是为了好玩)；it is also for mutual communication.So please accept my sincere invitation.(应用文写作之邀请信)

修辞之明喻在读后续写中的运用 It felt like I was being driven fast on a winding road.这感觉就像我在一条蜿蜒的路上疾驰。

(1)当他听我们谈论丰富多彩的生活时，他脸上的笑容灿烂得如钻石一样闪闪发光。

When he heard us talking about the colorful life，the smile on his face shone like a diamond.

(2)它在温柔低语，就像一个小女孩对她的母亲私语一样。

It murmured in a soft voice like a little girl whispering to her mother.

(3)汤姆病得很厉害，不能去聚会。

Tom was as sick as a dog，and couldn’t go to the party.

1．The GPNP is designed to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity of natural ecosystems，preserving biological diversity，protecting ecological buffer zones，and leaving behind precious natural assets for future generations”．(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)

GPNP旨在反映“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，并为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。

2．Everyone can play a part in reducing waste，whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat.(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)

每个人都可以在减少浪费中发挥作用，无论是在你每周的购物中不购买不必要的食物，还是要求餐馆不要提供你不吃的配菜。

3．Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange，but they are important in various countries.(2022·全国甲)

这些文化饮食礼仪可能看起来随意而奇怪，但它们在各个国家都很重要。

4．It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance，including sending maintenance staff，often at night，to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.(2022·全国乙)

据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施。

5．Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene declared she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.(2019·全国Ⅱ)

获得“终身成就奖”的艾琳骄傲地宣布，她不打算从她工作了36年的公司退休。

提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇

Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍

1．dismiss

(1)The class was dismissed early today.  B 

(2)He was dismissed from his job for inaction and incompetence.  C 

(3)I gently patted him on the shoulder to dismiss his fears from his mind.  A 

2．turn out

(1)He turned out to be guilty for his mean words and tears of regret blurred his eyes.  C 

(2)Keep in mind that you must turn out the lamp in your room when you leave.  D 

(3)The boss declared that all the staff must turn out for the meeting.  A 

(4)The factory is expected to turn out twice as many TV sets this year as last year.  B 

3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思

(1)Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack between meals.强烈的欲望

(2)His son lied to him by design and he exploded with anger.(感情的)爆发

(3)She stood up and began to pace up and down.走来走去

Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识

1．To my great sorrow，my girlfriend didn’t turn up at the appointed(appoint) time.

2．My mind went blank and I felt guilty(guilt) about not answering the question correctly.

3．The chairwoman has declared that 100 workers will be dismissed(dismiss) before the deadline—June 10.

4．They recite Tang poems on a regular basis and thus，they are good at Chinese.

5．This country declared war on four countries at the same time because of complicated political contradictions.

6．He performed perfectly in the speech contest and an explosion(explode) of applause came out of the audience.

7．Of the two formats，I think this one is superior to the other one.

8．The boy shows no sympathy for other students and often conflicts with them.

9．As a science student，I never felt an urge to appreciate(appreciate) any literary works.

10．He picked up a handkerchief at random and handed it to this innocent girl to wipe her tears.

Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练

建议信——参加中国戏剧知识竞赛

1．得知你即将参加中国戏剧知识竞赛，我非常高兴。(more than)

I’m more than glad to learn that you will take part in the Chinese drama knowledge competition.

2．这是我的关于如何为之准备的建议。(here位于句首的全部倒装句)

Here are my tips on how to prepare for it.

3．首先，提前多了解一些中国现代戏剧证明是非常有益的。(turn out)

First of all，learning more about modern Chinese drama in advance turns out to be quite beneficial.

4．第二，你对戏剧的深刻理解取决于你是否经常和其他参与者交换想法。(whether引导的宾语从句)

Secondly，your deep understanding of the drama depends on/upon whether you exchange (your) ideas with other participants regularly.

5．最后，如果你感觉你是戏剧中的人物，你会发现记住戏剧知识很容易。(feel like)

Finally，if you feel like you are the characters in the drama，you will find it easy to memorize the drama knowledge.

Ⅱ.微型写作——续写提能练

教材续写语料

1．情感描写

stun vt.使震惊；使昏迷→stunned adj.目瞪口呆的

guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的→guilt n．内疚→guiltily adv.内疚地

urge n．强烈的欲望；冲动

2．动作描写

pace n．速度；步伐；节奏 vt.& vi.确定速度；调整节奏

declare vt.表明；宣称；公布

blurred adj.模糊不清的；难以区分的→blur v．(使)变得模糊不清；(使)视线模糊

explode vi.& vt.爆炸；爆破→explosion n．爆炸；(感情)爆发；激增

conflict with与……冲突或抵触

续写语料运用

请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，完成以下语段，然后核对答案并背诵该语段。

当我得知我儿子和他的同学发生冲突时，我勃然大怒。他是如此委屈和惊愕以至于他站在那里一动不动，泪水模糊了他的双眼。知道我的儿子不该受责备后，我内疚地在房间里来回踱步。我渴望得到儿子的原谅。我向儿子的卧室走去，敲门，然后大步走进去，宣布我不会再像这样对待他了。

When I learned that my son conflicted with his classmate，I exploded with anger.So aggrieved and stunned was he that he stood rooted to the spot，with tears blurring his eyes.After knowing that my son was not to blame，I paced around the room guiltily.I had a strong urge to gain my son’ s forgiveness.I headed for my son’s bedroom，knocked at the door and strode into the room，declaring that I wouldn’ t treat him like this again.