(人教版)高考英语一轮复习课时学案 第2部分 语法专题 专题3　第1讲　冠词 (含解析)

这是一份(人教版)高考英语一轮复习课时学案 第2部分 语法专题 专题3　第1讲　冠词 (含解析)，共5页。
第1讲　冠词My friend Linda is an honest girl① studying in a university①.We are of an age②，and we both drink a cup of milk③ a day④.So we think a cow⑤ is very useful.[规则感悟]　不定冠词的用法①表示泛指“某个”。当说话人第一次提及某人、某物时通常用不定冠词；在发音以辅音音素开头的单词前用a，在发音以元音音素开头的单词前用an。②表示“同一，相同”。③表示“一”这个数量，但数的概念没有one强烈。④表示“每一”，相当于per/each/every。⑤表示“一类”事物。1．不定冠词a/an用在序数词前，表示“再一，又一”。He misses the gold medal in the high jump，but he will get a second chance in the long jump.他在跳高比赛中错失了金牌，但是在跳远比赛中他还有机会。2．不定冠词a/an表示“某一个”，相当于some/a certain。A Mr White with some big bags is waiting to see you at the school gate.一位拿着几个大袋子的怀特先生正在学校门口等着见你。3．不定冠词与物质名词或抽象名词连用。抽象名词和物质名词在表示“概念”时，其前常用零冠词；但在表示具体的人或事物时变成了可数名词，需要与不定冠词连用，表示“一个、一种、一场、一阵”等。具有此用法的名词有物质名词——rain，snow，fog，wind，drink，coffee，beer，fire，paper等；抽象名词——success，failure，surprise，pleasure，beauty，wonder，comfort，danger，shock等。After we prepared all the equipment for an outdoor photography，suddenly a heavy rain came.我们为户外摄影准备好所有设备后，突然下起了大雨。Tony is a famous pianist.I’m absolutely certain that his concert this Sunday will be a success.托尼是一位著名的钢琴家。我十分确信这个星期天他的音乐会一定会成功。4．有些不可数名词如knowledge，collection，understanding等后面加of时，前面需要用不定冠词。如：have a knowledge of...“了解……”；have a good understanding of...“对……有很好的了解”。Only by reading the latest issue of this magazine can you have a knowledge of the astronauts’ life in space.只有读了这本杂志的最新一期，你才能了解宇航员在太空的生活。5．“a＋most＋形容词”表示“很……，非常……”，most在此不表示最高级含义，相当于very，而“the＋most＋多音节形容词”为多音节形容词的最高级形式，表示“最……”。For a great many men and women，romance can be a most important part of marriage.对许多男人和女人来说，爱情是婚姻中非常重要的一部分。It is one of the most original works of imagination in the English language.它是英语中最具原创性的想象作品之一。6．不定冠词常见的固定搭配。have a gift for有……的天赋get a lift/ride搭便车pay a visit to参观lend sb a hand帮助某人as a result因此at a distance离一段距离a waste of ……的浪费be/go on a diet节食make a living谋生as a matter of fact事实上in a sense/way在某种意义上all of a sudden突然对点练习1．In Chinese culture，each year is related to a Chinese animal according to the 12-year cycle.2．He not only is the best student in our class，but also has an excellent sense of humour.3．He smiled back as if to give me a receipt and I would preserve his smile for a long time.4．One thing we can do to help solve this problem is walk or use a bicycle when possible.　　 Mr Smith is a teacher from the United States①.He was the first② foreign teacher I had met.In the 1990s③，he and his wife were traveling along the Yangtze River④ when a ship was wrecked.The Smiths⑤ came up to help the injured⑥ and saved a boy by catching him by the arm⑦.The boy’s parents said they were the kindest⑧ people in the world⑨.They would remember the couple⑩ forever.[规则感悟]　定冠词的用法①用于普通名词构成的专有名词之前。②用于序数词之前。③用在朝代、世纪前或用在逢十的年代前，后者表示“在某世纪几十年代”。④用于江、河、湖、海、山、岛前。⑤用在表示姓氏的复数名词之前，表示“一家人”或“夫妻俩”。⑥用在形容词或分词前，表示某一类人或物。⑦摸/打/抓(等表动作的词)＋sb＋介词＋the＋身体部位。⑧用于形容词或副词的最高级前。⑨用在世界上独一无二的事物前。⑩特指上文已经提到过的人或事物。1．被演奏的西洋乐器前用the，但是球类、棋类之前却没有冠词。As far as I know，he likes playing the piano but doesn’t like playing football.据我所知，他喜欢弹钢琴却不喜欢踢足球。2．用在表计量的名词前，如by the hour，by the day，by the dozen，by the meter等。但是如果是在抽象名词前，则不用冠词，如：by weight，by time，by length，by size等。I got paid by time.To be exact，I got paid by the hour.我按时间拿报酬，确切地说，我是按小时拿钱。3．定冠词的常见固定搭配：at the moment此刻；目前in the end最后，最终to tell the truth说实话on the other hand另一方面by the way顺便说一下in the middle of在……中间at the same time同时on the contrary相反on the whole总的来说in the distance在远处to the point中肯；切题make the most/best of充分利用对点练习1．She stayed up until eleven thirty one evening on purpose just to see the moonlight.2．Robert Bruce，leader of the Scots in the 13th century，was hiding in a cave from the English then.3．Smoking is one of the biggest causes of preventable deaths in England.4．The Greens are a happy couple；they have been married for 30 years.5．The injured have been sent to hospital where they will be treated.When learning that teachers① are badly needed in remote districts①，Lily volunteered to teach in a remote place.Local people have made her headmaster② of the school since her arrival and she teaches Chinese③，maths③，and English③ herself from spring to winter④ and from Monday to Sunday④.On weekends，she teaches her students⑤ to play volleyball and chess⑥.When she finds many children attending school without having lunch⑦，she raises money① for the children’s meals.[规则感悟]　常用零冠词的几种情况①表泛指的可数名词复数或不可数名词前。②表示独一无二的头衔和职位的名词作表语、同位语或补足语时。③表示语言、学科的名词前不用冠词。④季节、月份、日期、星期、节假日前不用冠词。⑤名词前已有this，that，my，her，some，each等限定词时不再用冠词。⑥表示球类运动、棋类游戏的名词前不用冠词。⑦一日三餐前一般不加冠词。1．用于固定结构中的零冠词。“零冠词＋单数名词＋as/though＋主语＋谓语，主句”，意为“虽然……但是……”。Young man as he is，he has seen much of the world.尽管他很年轻，但他阅历很丰富。2．no与such连用时放在such之前，而such后的名词前不用冠词。As the saying goes，there is no such thing as a free lunch.If you want something，go and earn it.俗话说，天下没有免费的午餐。如果你想要什么，就得去挣。3．零冠词的常见固定搭配。on purpose故意地　　　　 by chance碰巧catch fire着火   at dawn在黎明face to face面对面   out of date过时的make room for给……让位　 in debt负债in shape状况良好   on foot步行in danger在危险中   side by side肩并肩from time to time不时地   hand in hand手拉手day after day日复一日地heart and soul全心全意地  1．While you’re in China，Mount Huangshan is a must to visit！(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)2．Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations，three are declining，six are stable，one is increasing，and nine lack enough data.(2019·全国Ⅰ)