高考英语三轮冲刺查补易混易错点01 阅读理解之细节题（含解析）

这是一份高考英语三轮冲刺查补易混易错点01 阅读理解之细节题（含解析），共21页。试卷主要包含了原文原词，同义替换，信息归纳，偷梁换柱，扩缩范围，颠倒是非，正误参半， 30-17等内容，欢迎下载使用。


题型特点
细节理解题考查原文提到的特定细节或具体事实，题干针对原文具体内容本身发问，它在高考阅读理解中所占比例一般保持在30%--50%，常见的类型有：直接信息题、间接信息题和数字计算题，选项特点：
正确选项特征
1.原文原词。用原文原词作为正确选项。
2.同义替换。常见方法有：①对原文中的关键词进行同义替换，如把use up换成run ut f;②把原文中的一些词变换词性，如把修饰语imprtant变换成f imprtance;③改变原文句子的语态，如主动语态与被动语态的转换。
3.信息归纳。用精炼的语言概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息，设置为正确选项。
干扰选项特征
1.文不对题。是原文信息，但不是与题目对应的内容。
2.张冠李戴。细节与原文一致，但把本来做该事的“张三”换成“李四”。
3.无中生有。符合常识，但原文未提及。
4.偷梁换柱。与原文信息极其相似，但在关键信息处改变了或所指对象等从而改变具体内涵
5.扩缩范围。如原文用almst,all,nearly,mre than,nrmally,转换。usually等词对信息加以限制，干扰选项则改变了限定范围。
6.颠倒是非。与原文信息大相径庭甚至完全相反。
7.正误参半。内容部分正确，部分错误。
常用解题方法
方法1 题干定位法
所谓题干定位法，就是解题之前要先看题目，根据题中所提的信息确定关键词，然后带着问题快速地浏览原文，运用略读( skimming)的技巧方法迅速锁定与wh, what, when, where等问题有关的细节关键词，确定题目考查范围，准确理解，作出选择。对于广告、演出信息、讲座安排等阅读题目，“题干定位
法”会帮助考生得到事半功倍的效果。
【全国Ⅱ 2020·A】Dve Cttage& The Wrdswrth Museum
Discver William Wrdswrth's inspiratinal hme. Take at ur f his Lakeland cttage, walk thrugh his hillside garden and explre the riches f the cllectin in the Museum. Visit the shp and relax in the cafe. Exhibitins, events and family activities thrughut the year.
Open: Daily, 09. 30-17.30 (last admissin 17.00).
Twn: Grasmere
23. Where shuld visitrs g if they want t explre Wrdswrth's life?
A. Penrith. B. Kendal. C. Carlisle. D. Grasmere
【解析】根据题干中的 Wrdswrth's life可定位至Dve Cttage& The Wrdswrth Museum部分。根据本部分中的Twn: Grasmere可知，该博物馆位于格拉斯米尔，人们可以在这里探索华兹华斯的生平。故选D项。
方法2 “断章取义”法
带着问题，有针对性地扫读原文，迅速锁定相关词句或信息点，然后寻找相关的同义或反义表达，围绕主旨深刻理解材料。当问到what, when, which, where等具体信息时，往往有accrding t the authr/ passage这样的限制语，回答时，一定要以文章所谈到的内容为依据，切忌凭自己的观点和经验去选择不符合文章内容的答案。
【全国Ⅲ 2020·C】 Fur years ag they all mved int a three-strey Victrian huse in Bristl-ne f a grwing
number f multigeneratinal families in the UK living tgether under the same rf. They share a frnt dr and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her wn kitchen, bathrm,bedrm and living rm n the grund flr.
28. Wh mainly uses the grund flr in the Victrian huse in Bristl?
A.Nick. B. Rita. C.Kathryn D. The daughters.
【解析】根据本段中的 they all mved int a three-- strey Victrian huse in Bristl but Rita Whitehead has her wn kitchen, bathrm, bedrm and living rm n the grund flr可知，丽塔居住在一楼，因此主要使用一楼的应是丽塔，故选B项。
方法3 首尾定位法
解答排序题时，可最先找出第一个和最后一个事件，快速缩小选择范围，从而迅速选出答案。另外，也可以先不看四个选项，而是先把所给的事件排序，然后与备选项进行对照；若有相同排序的选项则基本可定为答案，之后再进行检查。
On Thursday night, while Pina was babysitting her granddaughter, nephew and tw nieces in her sister's apartment,she smelled smke and realized the apartment building was n fire. When her 4-year-ld granddaughter Garcia began saying,"We're ging t die", she knew she had t act. Pina, first sealed the dr, and then tld all fur children t lie n the flr. After calling 911, she tld the children t start singing and prmised them all treats as sn as they reached safety.
When Pina saw the fire, which is the right rder f what she did accrding t Paragraph 2?
①tld children t lie n the flr ②let children start singing ③sealed the dr ④called 911
A.③①④② B.④③①② C.③④①② D.①③④②
【解析】根据本段中的Pina, first sealed the dr,, and then tld all fur children t lie n the flr. After calling 911, she tld the children t start singing..可知，皮纳首先封住门，接着让孩子们躺在地板上，之后报警，然后让孩子们开始唱歌。故选A项。
方法4 查读分析法
在处理数字计算题时，首先通读题干明确题目要求，然后迅速找到与之相关的数字，对其进行分析、整合，并结合题干计算出正确答案。
【全国Ⅱ 2020·A】
Dalemain Mansin Histric Gardens
Histry, Culture Landscape ) Discver and enjy 4 centuries f histry, 5 acres f celebrated and award-
winning gardens with parkland walk. Owned by the Hasell family since 1679, hme t the Internatinal Marmalade
Festival. Gifts and antiques, plant sales, museums Mediaeval Hall Tearm.
Open: 29 Mar-29 Oct, Sun t Thurs.
Tearm, Gardens Gift Shp: 10:30-17.00(16:00 in Oct).
Huse: 11:15---16.00(15:00in 0ct)
Twn: Pley Bridge ＆Penrith
21. When is the Huse at Dalemain Mansin Histric Gardens pen n Sundays in July?
A.09:30---17:30 B.10:30---16:00 C.11:15---16:00 D.12:00---16:30
【解析】根据题千中的 Dalemain Mansin& Histric Gardens可定位至文中介绍的第一个景点。根据Open部分中Huse的开放信息 Huse: 11:15-16:00(15:00 in Oct)).可知,3月到9月期间, Huse在周日到周四的开放时间为11:15--16:00。7月在这个时间段内,故选C项。
方法5 词语复现法
细节理解题的词语复现指的是：正确答案选项中的单词或短语与原文中的单词或短语构成一种重复出现的关系，可分为：同义词复现、反义词复现同根词复现或原词复现。同义词和反义词复现指选项中用与原文具有相同意义或相反意义的单词或短语来表达相同或相反意思的复现形式：同根词复现是指词根相同、意义相似的单词在选项中的复现形式；原词复现是指同一单词或短语在选项中和阅读材料中同时出现。运用复现策略解题时，首先要定位与问题相关的句子，然后观察和分析该句子前后的句子是否符合复现的情况。
【全国2020·C】As a result, she says, sme f the injuries assciated with running, such as runner's knee, are
uncmmn amng race walkers. But the sprt's strange frm des place cnsiderable stress n the ankles and hips, s peple with a histry f such injuries might want t be cautius in adpting the sprt. In fact, anyne wishing t try race walking shuld prbably first cnsult a cach r experienced racer t learn prper technique, she says. It takes sme practice.
29. What advantage des race walking have ver running?
A. It's mre ppular at the Olympics. B. It's less challenging physically.
C. It's mre effective in bdy building. D. It's less likely t cause knee injuries.
【解析】根据本段第一句中的 sme f the injuries assciated with running, such as runner's knee, are uncmmn amng race walkers可知，跑步时常见的膝盖受伤在竞走者中是很少见的。由此可知，这是竞走相对于跑步而言的一个优势。故选D项。
（一）
（2022年·全国新高考II卷真题）We jurnalists live in a new age f strytelling, with many new multimedia tls. Many yung peple dn’t even realize it’s new. Fr them, it’s just nrmal.
This hit hme fr me as I was sitting with my 2-year-ld grandsn n a sfa ver the Spring Festival hliday. I had brught a children’s bk t read. It had simple wrds and clrful pictures — a perfect match fr his age.
Picture this: my grandsn sitting n my lap as I hld the bk in frnt s he can see the pictures. As I read, he reaches ut and pkes (戳) the page with his finger.
What’s up with that? He just likes the pictures, I thught. Then I turned the page and cntinued. He pked the page even harder. I nearly drpped the bk. I was cnfused: Is there smething wrng with this kid?
Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger t bks. His father frequently amused the by with a tablet cmputer which was laded with clrful pictures that cme alive when yu pke them. He thught my strybk was like that.
Srry, kid. This bk is nt part f yur high-tech wrld. It’s an utdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like yur grandfather. Well, I may be ld, but I’m nt hpelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit vide and prduce audi. I use mbile payment. I’ve even built websites.
There’s ne ntable gap in my new-media experience, hwever: I’ve spent little time in frnt f a camera, since I have a face made fr radi. But that didn’t stp China Daily frm asking me last week t share a persnal stry fr a vide prject abut the integratin f Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei prvince.
Anyway, grandpa is nw an internet star — tw minutes f fame! I prmise nt t let it g t my head. But I will make sure my 2-year-ld grandsn sees it n his tablet.
1．What d the underlined wrds “hit hme fr me” mean in paragraph 2?
A．Prvided shelter fr me.B．Became very clear t me.
C．Tk the pressure ff me.D．Wrked quite well n me.
2．Why did the kid pke the strybk?
A．He tk it fr a tablet cmputer.B．He disliked the clrful pictures.
C．He was angry with his grandpa.D．He wanted t read it by himself.
3．What des the authr think f himself?
A．Scially ambitius.B．Physically attractive.
C．Financially independent.D．Digitally cmpetent.
4．What can we learn abut the authr as a jurnalist?
A．He lacks experience in his jb.B．He seldm appears n televisin.
C．He manages a vide department.D．He ften interviews internet stars.
【参考答案】
1．B 2．A 3．D 4．B
【语篇解读】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者曾经是一名记者，在春节期间，作者给孙子拿了一本儿童读物，孙子却以为是平板电脑，不停地戳书。
【详情解析】
1．【B】词句猜测题。根据第一段“We jurnalists live in a new age f strytelling, with many new multimedia tls. Many yung peple dn’t even realize it’s new. Fr them, it’s just nrmal.”以及画线词后文“as I was sitting with my 2-year-ld grandsn n a sfa ver the Spring Festival hliday.”可知，作者是记者，生活在一个讲故事的新时代，有许多新的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的。对他们来说，这很正常。而这在春节假期，作者和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上，尤其清楚认识到了这一点。故画线词意思是“我很清楚”。故选B。
2．【A】细节理解题。根据第五段中“He was actually a stranger t bks. His father frequently amused the by with a tablet cmputer which was laded with clrful pictures that cme alive when yu pke them. He thught my strybk was like that.(事实上，他对书本并不熟悉。他的父亲经常用一台装有彩色图片的平板电脑逗他开心，当你戳它们的时候，这些图片就会变得栩栩如生。他认为我的故事书就是那样的)”可知，那孩子戳故事书是因为他把它当成了平板电脑。故选A。
3．【D】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Well, I may be ld, but I’m nt hpelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit vide and prduce audi. I use mbile payment. I’ve even built websites. (我可能老了，但从数字角度来说，我还没有毫无希望的挑战。我编辑视频，制作音频。我用移动支付。我甚至建立了网站)”可知，作者认为自己懂数码技术。故选D。
4．【B】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“There’s ne ntable gap in my new-media experience, hwever: I’ve spent little time in frnt f a camera, since I have a face made fr radi.(然而，在我的新媒体体验中有一个明显的差距：我很少在镜头前呆着，因为我的脸是为电台而生的)”可知，作者作为记者他很少上电视。故选B。
（二）
（2022年·全国高考甲卷真题）As Ginni Bazlintn reached Antarctica, she fund herself greeted by a grup f little Gent penguins (企鹅) lnging t say hell. These gentle, lvely gatekeepers welcmed her and kick-started what was t be a trip Ginni wuld never frget.
Ever since her childhd, Ginni, nw 71, has had a deep lve fr travel. Thrughut her career (职业) as a prfessinal dancer, she tured in the UK, but always lnged t explre further. When she retired frm dancing and her sns eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time t take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began t travel the wrld, eventually getting wrk teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discvered she culd get last-minute cheap deals n ships ging t Antarctica frm the islands ff Tierra del Fueg, the suthernmst tip f the Suth American mainland. “I just decided I wanted t g,” she says. “I had n idea abut what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervus, I just wanted t d it. And I wanted t d it alne as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni barded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met befre, t begin the jurney twards Antarctica. “Frm seeing the wildlife t witnessing sunrises, the whle experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impressin n me that n ther place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rse ut f the water like sme prehistric creature and I thught it was smiling at us. Yu culd still hear the peratic sunds it was making underwater.”
The realizatin that this is a precius land, t be respected by humans, was ne f the biggest things that hit hme t Ginni.
5．Which f the fllwing best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?
A．Try challenging things.B．Take a degree.
C．Bring back lst memries.D．Stick t a prmise.
6．What made Ginni decide n the trip t Antarctica?
A．Lvely penguins.B．Beautiful scenery.
C．A discunt fare.D．A friend’s invitatin.
7．What des Ginni think abut Antarctica after the jurney?
A．It culd be a hme fr her.B．It shuld be easily accessible.
C．It shuld be well preserved.D．It needs t be fully intrduced.
8．What is the text mainly abut?
A．A childhd dream.B．An unfrgettable experience.
C．Sailing arund the wrld.D．Meeting animals in Antarctica.
【参考答案】
5．A 6．C 7．C 8．B
【语篇解读】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了71岁的Ginni Bazlintn从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱，渴望探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。
【详情解析】
5．【A】词句猜测题。根据第三段第一句“After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began t travel the wrld, eventually getting wrk teaching English in Japan and Chile.(在奇切斯特大学获得相关艺术学位后，Ginni开始周游世界，最终在日本和智利找到了教英语的工作。)”可知，此处是指做有挑战性的事情，所以take the plunge意为“尝试有挑战性的事情”。故选A。
6．【C】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“And it was in Chile she discvered she culd get last-minute cheap deals n ships ging t Antarctica frm the islands ff Tiera del Fueg. (正是在智利，她发现自己可以在最后一刻买到从火地岛附近岛屿前往南极洲的廉价船票)”可知，是折扣的票价让Ginni决定去南极洲旅行的。故选C。
7．【C】细节理解题。根据最后一段“The realizatin that this is a precius land, t be respected by humans, was ne f the biggest things that hit hme t Ginni. (意识到这是一块宝贵的土地，应该受到人类的尊重，这是Ginni最深刻的感受之一)”可知，旅行结束后，Ginni认为南极洲应该得到很好的保护。故选C。
8．【B】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了Ginni Bazlintn去南极旅行的经历，再根据第一段“These gentle lvely gatekeepers welcmed her and kick-started what was t be a trip Ginni wuld never frget. (这些温柔可爱的看门人欢迎了她，并开始了一次Ginni永远不会忘记的旅行)”和倒数第二段Ginni Bazlintn对南极之旅的评价可知，文章主要介绍了Ginni Bazlintn的南极洲之旅让她非常难忘。由此可知，An unfrgettable experience. (一次难忘的经历) 能够概括文章主旨。故选B。
（三）
（2022年·全国高考乙卷真题）The Gvernment’s sugar tax n sft drinks has brught in half as much mney as Ministers first predicted it wuld generate, the first fficial data n the plicy has shwn.
First annunced in April, 2016, the tax which applies t sft drinks cntaining mre than 5g f sugar per 100ml, was intrduced t help reduce childhd besity (肥胖). It is believed that tday’s children and teenagers are cnsuming three times the recmmended level f sugar, putting them at a higher risk f the disease.
Initially the sugar tax was expected t make £520m a year fr the Treasury. Hwever, data f the first six mnths shwed it wuld make less than half this amunt. At present it is expected t generate £240m fr the year ending in April 2019, which will g t schl sprts.
It cmes after mre than half f sft drinks sld in shps have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers (制造商) s they can avid paying the tax. Drinks nw cntain 45 millin fewer kils f sugar as a result f manufacturers’ effrts t avid the charge, accrding t Treasury figures. Since April drinks cmpanies have been frced t pay between 18p and 24p fr every litre f sugary drink they prduce r imprt, depending n the sugar cntent.
Hwever, sme high sugar brands, like Classic Cca Cla, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing t change fr fear f upsetting cnsumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and mst alchlic drinks are free f the tax, as are small cmpanies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
Tday’s figures, accrding t ne gvernment fficial, shw the psitive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millins f punds fr sprts facilities (设施) and healthier eating in schls. Helping the next generatin t have a healthy and active childhd is f great imprtance, and the industry is playing its part.
9．Why was the sugar tax intrduced?
A．T cllect mney fr schls.B．T imprve the quality f drinks.
C．T prtect children’s health.D．T encurage research in educatin.
10．Hw did sme drinks cmpanies respnd t the sugar tax?
A．They turned t verseas markets.B．They raised the prices f their prducts.
C．They cut dwn n their prductin.D．They reduced their prducts’ sugar cntent.
11．Frm which f the fllwing is the sugar tax cllected?
A．Mst alchlic drinks. B．Milk-based drinks. C．Fruit juices. D．Classic Cke.
12．What can be inferred abut the adptin f the sugar tax plicy?
A．It is a shrt-sighted decisin.B．It is a success stry.
C．It benefits manufacturers.D．It upsets custmers.
【参考答案】
9．C 10．D 11．D 12．B
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国政府对软饮料征收的糖税来解决儿童以及青少年的健康问题，同时该收入用于学校体育。
【详情解析】
9．【C】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“First annunced in April, 2016, the tax which applies t sft drinks cntaining mre than 5g f sugar per 100ml, was intrduced t help reduce childhd besity.(该税于2016年4月首次宣布，适用于每100毫升含糖超过5g的软饮料，旨在帮助减少儿童肥胖)”可知，征收糖税的目的是帮助儿童减少肥胖，保护儿童健康。故选C项。
10．【D】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It cmes after mre than half f sft drinks sld in shps have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers s they can avid paying the tax.(此前，制造商已经降低了商店中销售的超过一半的软饮料的含糖量，以避免纳税)”可知，一些饮料公司通过降低了产品的含糖量来避税。故选D项。
11．【D】细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Hwever, sme high sugar brands, like Classic Cca Cla, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing t change fr fear f upsetting cnsumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and mst alchlic drinks are free f the tax, as are small cmpanies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.(然而，一些高糖品牌，如经典可口可乐，已经接受了糖税，并拒绝改变，因为担心会惹恼消费者。果汁、以牛奶为原料的饮料和大多数酒精饮料是免税的，每年生产不到100万升的小公司也是免税的)”可知，糖税主要来自经典可口可乐这些高糖品牌。故选D项。
12．【B】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Tday’s figures, accrding t ne gvernment fficial, shw the psitive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millins f punds fr sprts facilities and healthier eating in schls.(根据一位政府官员的说法，今天的数据显示了糖税的积极影响，它为学校的体育设施和健康饮食筹集了数百万英镑)”可知，糖税政策带来了积极影响。由此推知，糖税政策的实施是一个成功的政策。故选B项。
（四）
（2023届吉林省吉林市普通高中高三毕业年级下学期第三次调研测试）Technlgy is develping by leaps and bunds. A small device such as a smartphne nw has mre prcessing pwer than rckets t the Mn nce had. New tech brings many advantages, making ur lives easier and pening up new pprtunities. One piece f kit that’s been really taking ff recently is the drne. This piltless mini aircraft, riginally develped fr aerial (航空的) phtgraphy and warfare, is nw bringing us benefits clser t hme. In the last few years, tech cmpanies such as Amazn, Alphabet and Uber have prmised us delivery drnes—bringing gds t ur drsteps in a matter f minutes. While prgress in develping them has been slw, drnes are becming mre and mre invlved in ur life.
Drnes are helping t cnnect with and enhance the lives f peple in remte lcatins. In the UK, the Ryal Mail wants a fleet f 500 drnes t help deliver the mail t faraway cmmunities. Windracers, the cmpany develping the drnes, say they can fly in fg and prduce 30% fewer emissins than cmparable pilted aircraft. And in Cventry in the UK, cnstructin has started n an air center, which will act as a base fr plice and delivery drnes. Urban-Air Prt Limited is wrking with car-maker Hyundai n the mini-airprt, knwn as a skyprt.
Drnes can als play a part in imprving the health f millins f peple. Fr example, an incredible develpment prject by the University f Suth Australia is fr drnes t eventually be able t survey ppulatins fr disease by reading the bld xygen levels f humans frm the air. They’ll als be able t scan fr ther vital signs, like cughing and a high temperature.
It seems that the sky is the limit fr what drne technlgy can achieve. The nly thing that smetimes keeps it frm wrking is regulatin. Writing fr the BBC, Jessica Brwn says: “If ur skies are t becme as crwded as ur streets, airspace rules need updating t prevent accidents.”
1．What des the underlined sentence indicate?
A．A smartphne is mre advanced than rckets. B．The rckets t the mn are very pwerful.
C．Technlgy is prgressing very rapidly. D．Technlgy is widely used in daily life.
2．What d we knw abut drnes accrding t the passage?
A．They were initially develped fr bringing gds.
B．They’ve imprved peple’s life quality in remte areas.
C．They dn’t cause any pllutin t the envirnment.
D．They can diagnse and treat sme diseases frm the air.
3．What des Jessica Brwn mean?
A．The develpment f drnes is quite prmising. B．It’s a pity that drnes are limited t the sky.
C．Drnes will be likely t cause sme accidents. D．Sme latest laws are needed t regulate drnes.
4．Which is the mst suitable title fr the passage?
A．Drnes Are Delivering Benefits Clser t Hme B．Develping Drnes Is Facing Many Challenges
C．Drnes Are Currently Bming in Every Field D．Cmpanies Are Cmpeting t Develp Drnes
【参考答案】
1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A
【语篇解读】
本文是说明文。主要介绍了无人机越来越多地参与到人们的日常生活中，且与此相关的无人机科技蓬勃发展。
【详情解析】
1．【C】推理判断题。划线句子的意思是“现在，智能手机这样的小设备的处理能力比曾经发射到月球的火箭还要强”，该句的前一句是“Technlgy is develping by leaps and bunds.(技术突飞猛进地发展。)”，也就是说，作者用这句话来说明科技在迅速发展。故选C。
2．【B】细节理解题。根据第二段的“Drnes are helping t cnnect with and enhance the lives f peple in remte lcatins.(无人机正在帮助连接偏远地区的人们并改善他们的生活。)”可知，无人机改善了偏远地区人们的生活质量。故选B。
3．【D】推理判断题。根据最后一段“It seems that the sky is the limit fr what drne technlgy can achieve. The nly thing that smetimes keeps it frm wrking is regulatin. Writing fr the BBC, Jessica Brwn says: “If ur skies are t becme as crwded as ur streets, airspace rules need updating t prevent accidents.”(看来，无人机技术所能达到的极限就是天空。有时阻碍它发挥作用的唯一因素是监管。Jessica Brwn为BBC撰稿说:“如果我们的天空变得像我们的街道一样拥挤，空域规则需要更新，以防止事故发生。”)”可知，Jessica Brwn的意思是需要一些最新的法律来规范无人机。故选D。
4．【A】主旨大意题。根据第一段的“New tech brings many advantages, making ur lives easier and pening up new pprtunities. One piece f kit that’s been really taking ff recently is the drne. This piltless mini aircraft, riginally develped fr aerial (航空的) phtgraphy and warfare, is nw bringing us benefits clser t hme.(新技术带来了许多好处，使我们的生活更方便，并开辟了新的机会。最近有一种设备非常流行，那就是无人机。这种无人驾驶的迷你飞机，最初是为航空摄影和战争而开发的，现在正为我们带来更近的利益。)”可知，本文主要介绍了无人机给普通人的生活带来的便利，因此最恰当的题目是A选项“Drnes Are Delivering Benefits Clser t Hme(无人机正在带来好处)”，故选A。
（五）
（贵州省六校联盟2022--2023学年高三下学期适应性考试）In a vide frm Visit Iceland, a crew is seen wrking n making a hrse-sized keybard ut f massive blcks f wd. The keybard is then put utside against the grgeus scenery fr the typing hrses t reply t emails. Unsurprisingly, the replies are nnsense, with examples listed as “bpnisi. // hihaihf＝. sf”. “OutHrse Yur Email” is Iceland’s latest stunt (噱头) t prmte turism. Visitrs can chse a trained hrse t type respnses t their wrk emails when they are n hliday.
Due t the pandemic, many wrkers have transitined t remte wrking, finding that the lines between their wrk and persnal lives have becme blurred. A survey cnducted by Visit Iceland revealed that 59% f peple glbally nw feel as if their bss, clleagues, and custmers expect them t reply when n hliday and 41% f peple check their wrk emails between ne and fur times a day when n hliday. That’s why Iceland is assigning emails t its hrses, asking them t make replies.
“When visitrs travel t Iceland, we want them t fully experience everything ur natin has t ffer, frm breathtaking surrundings t endless landscapes," said the head f Visit Iceland. "Our OutHrse Yur Email service lets them d just that. With ur wrld-first service, we hpe t appeal t peple t discnnect and take a well-deserved, uninterrupted break.”
Since “OutHrse Yur Email” service was launched, it has gt a lt f attentin frm the Internet. “Is it a ridiculus turism stunt? Sure. But it indeed encurages me t enjy my trip whleheartedly,” said Thm Dunn, an nline user frm Canada. Hunter Byce frm the USA als made a cmment, “The service sunds interesting, but I dn’t want t drive my bss mad r be fired.”
5．What can we knw abut the typing hrses?
A．They are trained t reply t emails. B．They type meaningful emails.
C．They reply t emails in famus scenic spts. D．They wrk with a cmmn keybard.
6．What des the underlined wrd “blurred” in paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A．Unclear. B．Unimprtant. C．Cntrllable. D．Adjustable.
7．What’s the purpse f “OutHrse Yur Email”?
A．T reduce peple’s pressure. B．T fight against the pandemic.
C．T encurage undisturbed trips. D．T imprve visitrs’ wrk efficiency.
8．What’s Hunter Byce’s attitude twards “OutHrse Yur Email”?
A．Ambiguus. B．Negative. C．Favurable. D．Indifferent
【参考答案】
5．A 6．A 7．C 8．B
【语篇解读】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了冰岛旅游局通过推出让马来代替游客回复邮件这一服务来呼吁大家在疫情使得工作与生活之间的界限越来越不清晰的当下，去享受不被工作打扰的全身心投入的旅行。
【详情解析】
5．【A】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话 “Visitrs can chse a trained hrse t type respnses t their wrk emails when they are n hliday.”（游客在度假期间可以选择一个训练的马来回复工作邮件）可知游客可以选择被训练的马来回复邮电，A项符合题意。故选A项。
6．【A】词义猜测题。根据第二段中“Due t the pandemic, many wrkers have transitined t remte wrking, finding that the lines between their wrk and persnal lives have becme blurred.”(因为疫情，人们已经开始转为远程工作了，这让他们的工作和私人生活变得 blurred)可知，因为疫情，人们已经开始转为远程工作了，这让他们的工作和私人生活变得模糊不清。这里blurred意思为模糊不清。故选A项。
7．【C】细节理解题。根据第三段中的最后两句话“Our OutHrse Yur Email service lets them d just that. With ur wrld-first service，we hpe t encurage peple t discnnect and take a well-deserved，uninterrupted break.”（我们的这个服务让马来回复邮件。有了我们这个最好的服务，希望可以鼓励人们不再与工作相联系，有一个理所应当且没有被打扰的休息）可知这个服务的目的是想让人们有一次未被打扰的旅行。故选C项。
8．【B】推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句 “The service sunds interesting，but I dn’t want t drive my bss mad r be fired.”（这项服务听起来很有趣，但是我不想让老板发疯或者被解雇）可知作者并不看好这个项目能真正开展下去，是否定的态度。故选B项。
（六）
（2023届山西省晋中市高三3月普通高等学校招生模拟考试）Travelling t watch their team play at the Wrld Cup tk a little lnger than usual fr tw French fans. Mehdi Balamissa and Gabriel Martin decided the best way t travel frm France t Qatar was n tw wheels. The friends spent three mnths travelling 7,000 kilmeters by bicycle t reach Qatar 2022 and watch their belved France defend its title.
“It was a crazy idea, but we’re the kind f peple that have big ideas and dn’t want t have any regrets,” Balamissa said, as bth spke t CNN Sprt a day after arriving in the cuntry. “S, since we are bth self-emplyed, we decided t blck ff three mnths f ur time and cme t Qatar.”
The pair started their mammth (庞大的) jurney at the Stade de France in Paris, hme f the French natinal team, and finished at the stunning Lusail Stadium, the venue that wuld hst the final at Qatar 2022. They wuld travel n average 115 kilmeters per day, taking apprpriate rest days when needed. They battled thrugh the heat f the desert in Saudi Arabia as well as flded wdland areas in Hungary as they made their winding way t Qatar, stpping ff at campsites, ldges (乡间小舍) and htels t sleep.
The idea came abut after cycling frm France t Italy t watch their cuntry play in the UEFA Natins League last year and they wanted t test themselves with a much lnger trip. They hped their trip wuld prmte the benefits f sustainable travel and said they planned t ffer cycling wrkshps t children frm disadvantaged backgrunds when they eventually arrived hme.
The tw cyclists encuntered many prblems alng the way, including dzens f flat tires, but relied n their infectiusly psitive attitude t get them thrugh. The pair laugh as they recall the time they had t travel 15 hurs t Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, in rder t find a bike repair shp befre travelling 15 hurs back t the exact pint where they had stpped.
“We had many trubles, but we fixed them as we went,” Martin tld CNN.
9．Why did Balamissa and Martin g t Qatar?
A．T achieve their big ideas.B．T set them apart frm the ther fans.
C．T clse ff three mnths fr n regrets.D．T watch their cuntry defending its champin.
10．What des Paragraph 3 mainly tell us abut the tw fans?
A．Their travelling plan.B．Their severe challenges.
C．The schedule abut their jurney。D．The scenery alng their jurney.
11．What’s the purpse f the tw fans’ cycling trip?
A．T explre the secrets and laws f nature.B．T raise peple’s awareness f ec-turism.
C．T benefit mre frm the cycling wrkshps.D．T be invlved in the UEFA Natins League.
12．What can we learn frm Balamissa and Martin’s stry?
A．Attitude is everything.B．Life lies in sprts.
C．Life needs a slw pace.D．Man shuld be at ne with nature.
【参考答案】
9．D 10．B 11．B 12．A
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了法国球迷Mehdi Balamissa和Gabriel Martin克服重重困难，完成历时三个月的自行车之旅来到卡塔尔观看世界杯，并谈到了他们的“big ideas”及积极乐观的生活态度。
【详情解析】
9．【D】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Travelling t watch their team play at the Wrld Cup tk a little lnger than usual fr tw French fans.(对两位法国球迷来说，去看他们球队在世界杯上的比赛比平时花了更长的时间。)”可知，Balamissa和Martin去卡塔尔的主要目的是观看法国队捍卫世界杯冠军的比赛。故选D。
10．【B】主旨大意题。根据第三段“They wuld travel n average 115 kilmeters per day, taking apprpriate rest days when needed. They battled thrugh the heat f the desert in Saudi Arabia as well as flded wdland areas in Hungary as they made their winding way t Qatar, stpping ff at campsites, ldges and htels t sleep.(他们平均每天行驶115公里，需要时适当休息。在前往卡塔尔的途中，他们顶着沙特阿拉伯炎热的沙漠，以及匈牙利被洪水淹没的林地，中途在露营地、小屋和酒店休息。)”可知，本段主要讲述了两位球迷旅途中遇到的种种严峻挑战。故选B。
11．【B】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“They hped their trip wuld prmte the benefits f sustainable travel and said they planned t ffer cycling wrkshps t children frm disadvantaged backgrunds when they eventually arrived hme.(他们希望他们的旅行能够宣传可持续旅行的好处，并表示他们计划在他们最终回家后为来自贫困家庭的孩子们提供自行车讲习班。)”可知，这两位球迷希望他们的骑行之旅能够增强人们的生态旅游意识。故选B。
12．【A】推理判断题。从第二段Balamissa接受采访时说的话“It was a crazy idea, but we’re the kind f peple that have big ideas and dn’t want t have any regrets(这是一个疯狂的想法，但我们是那种有大想法的人，不希望有任何遗憾)”和最后一段Martin接受采访时说的话“We had many trubles, but we fixed them as we went(我们有许多麻烦，但我们边走边解决)”可以看出，这两位球迷的生活态度积极向上、坚定执着；再结合倒数第二段中的“The tw cyclists encuntered many prblems alng the way, including dzens f flat tires, but relied n their infectiusly psitive attitude t get them thrugh.(这两名骑自行车的人一路上遇到了很多问题，包括几十个轮胎漏气了，但他们依靠自己富有感染力的积极态度度过了难关。)”可知，本文旨在传递“态度决定一切”的人生哲学。故选A。
（七）
（2023届安徽省合肥市高三第一次教学质量检测）Hneybees understand that “nthing” can be “smething” that has numerical meaning, shwing that they have a primitive grasp f the cncept f zer, accrding t a newly-published study in Science.
Previus experiments have shwn that hneybees have sme facility fr numbers, because they were able t cunt landmarks (地标) as they searched arund fr a sweet reward. But in these tests, the insects culdn’t cunt very high-nly t abut fur. Still, that made researchers in Australia and France want t explre what else the bees culd d with numbers.
Scarlett Hward at RMIT University in Melburne attracted bees t a wall where they were presented with tw square cards. Each card had a different number f black symbls, such as dts r triangles. Hward trained ne grup f bees t understand that sugar water wuld always be lcated under the card with the least number f symbls. “They culd cme and see tw circles versus (与. . . 相对) three circles, r fur triangles versus ne triangle,” she explains. The bees quickly learned t fly t the card with the fewest symbls,
But then they gt anther test, The researchers presented the bees with a card that had a single symbl and a blank card that had nthing n it. The bees seemed t understand that “zer” was less than ne, because they flew tward the blank card mre ften than yu’d expect if they were chsing at randm. “When we shwed them zer-versus six, they did that at a much higher level than zer versus ne,” Hward says. “S what tells us is that they cnsider zer as an actual quantity alng the number line.”
Aurre Avargues-Weber, a researcher with the University f Tuluse, pints ut even very yung children have truble understanding that zer is a number. “It’s easy fr them t cunt ‘ne, tw, three, fur,’ but zer, it’s nt smething t cunt,” she explains. What’s mre, the brains f bees are incredibly tiny brains cmpared with the brains f humans. Even s, the bees can understand the abstract cncept f an empty set and she says she fund that very surprising.
13．What did the earlier studies find abut bees?
A．They culd fly higher than expected. B．They culd understand sme numbers.
C．They culd remember a reward well. D．They culd explre lcal landmarks.
14．What did bees learn t d in Hward’s first test?
A．Distinguish circles frm triangles. B．Draw varius symbls n the cards.
C．Identify the smaller f the tw numbers. D．Lcate sugar water with symbl shapes.
15．Why did bees fly t the blank card mre frequently?
A．They were tld the lcatin f the reward. B．They chse t d it thrughly by chance.
C．They preferred the card with nthing n it. D．They thught f zer as an actual number.
16．Why are yung children mentined in the last paragraph?
A．T argue that bees have a surprising memry. B．T shw that bees’ gift fr numbers is amazing.
C．T explain that bees learn as well as yung children. D．T cnfirm that bees are smarter than yung children.
【参考答案】
13．B 14．C 15．D 16．B
【语篇解读】
本文是篇说明文。文章讲述了研究者们通过一系列的实验来测试蜜蜂对于数字的认知能力，惊奇地发现了蜜蜂对于零的概念有一个基本的理解。
【详情解析】
13．【B】细节理解题。根据第二段“Previus experiments have shwn that hneybees have sme facility fr numbers, because they were able t cunt landmarks (地标) as they searched arund fr a sweet reward. ”（之前的实验表明，蜜蜂对数字有一定的能力，因为它们在四处寻找甜蜜的回报时，能够数出地标。）可知，之前的实验发现蜜蜂能够理解一些数字。故选B。
14．【C】细节理解题。根据第三段“The bees quickly learned t fly t the card with the fewest symbls,”（蜜蜂很快学会了飞向符号最少的卡片。）可知，在Hward的第一个实验中，蜜蜂学会了识别数量较少的那组符号。故选C。
15．【D】细节理解题。根据第四段“S what tells us is that they cnsider zer as an actual quantity alng the number line.”（所以这告诉我们，它们把零看作数轴上的一个实数。）可知，蜜蜂更加频繁地飞向那个空白的卡片是因为它们把零当作了一个实数。故选D。
16．【B】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Aurre Avargues-Weber, a researcher with the University f Tuluse, pints ut even very yung children have truble understanding that zer is a number. ”（图卢兹大学的研究员Aurre Avargues-Weber指出，即使是很小的孩子也很难理解零是一个数字。）和“Even s, the bees can understand the abstract cncept f an empty set and she says she fund that very surprising.”（即便如此，蜜蜂也能理解空集的抽象概念，她说她发现这非常令人惊讶。）及全段内容可知，作者提到小孩子对于零的理解能力，是为了显示蜜蜂对于数字的认知天赋令人惊讶。故选B。
（八）
（河北省石家庄市部分重点高中2022-2023学年高三下学期3月月考英语试题）The first traffic lights in the United States were installed because f an increase in traveller n the rad in the 1920s. Wrried abut accidents, twns and cities installed traffic twers t help the flw f cars. Officers manned the twers, using whistles and red, green and yellw lights t indicate t drivers when they shuld stp and g.
Due t the absence f effective traffic signal systems n sme streets, it caused risks at intersectins. Then, William Ptts created the first triclur, fur-directinal traffic signal. The very first fur-directinal traffic light was installed at Wdward Avenue and Frt. But thrughut the cuntry, there were still a lt f systems fr traffic lights and patterns in place. Since this culd end up causing mre prblems fr drivers, the Federal Highway Administratin set unifrm standards in 1935fr all rad signs, pavement markings and traffic signals, requiring them t all use red, yellw and green light indicatrs.
Red is the clur with the lngest wavelength; that means that as it travels thrugh air mlecules, it gets diffused(扩散)less than ther clur, s it can be seen frm a greater distance. Yellw has a shrter wavelength than red but a lnger wavelength than green. This means that red is visible the furthest away, yellw in the middle and green the least distance away—a helpful advanced warning fr needing t slw r stp. But this culd be a cincidence. Red meaning stp riginated with train warning lights, and it’s nt clear whether that was chsen based n wavelength, cntrast against green nature r natural assciatin f red with things like bld. It culd be a cmbinatin f all three!
Back in the 1900s, sme stp signs were yellw because it was t hard t see a red sign in a prly lit area. Eventually, highly reflective materials were develped, and red stp signs were brn. Since yellw can be seen well at all times f the day, schl znes, sme traffic signs and schl buses cntinue t be painted the clur.
17．What’s the purpse f installing traffic lights in the 1920s?
A．T increase the speed f cars. B．T imprve rad safety and efficiency.
C．T reduce traffic jams in twns and cities. D．T bey the standards f the gvernment.
18．What des the underlined wrd“this”in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A．The first triclur,fur-directinal traffic signal. B．The installatin f the first traffic signal.
C．The existence f different traffic lights and patterns. D．The absence f traffic signal systems.
19．What’s the main idea f Paragraph 3?
A．The differences amng the three clur. B．The wavelength f the three clur.
C．The reasns fr chsing red as the stp signal. D．The relatinship between red clur and its wavelength.
20．Which may be a disadvantage f red as a stp sign?
A．It can’t be seen in the distance. B．It is a kind f highly reflective clur.
C．It is nt suitable t be used in schl znes. D．It can nt be clearly seen in certain surrundings.
【参考答案】
17．B 18．C 19．C 20．D
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了交通信号灯的来源以及之所以选用红色、绿色和黄色作为信号灯颜色的原因。
【详情解析】
17．【B】推理判断题。文章第一段讲到“Wrried abut accidents, twns and cities installed traffic twers t help the flw f cars. (由于担心发生事故，城镇安装了交通塔来帮助汽车流动)”可知20世纪20年代之所以出现信号灯，是为了公路的安全和通行效率，故选B。
18．【C】词义猜测题。文章第二段讲到“But thrughut the cuntry, there were still a lt f systems fr traffic lights and patterns in place. Since this culd end up causing mre prblems fr drivers (但在全国各地，仍然有很多红绿灯系统和模式。因为这最终可能会给司机带来更多问题)”可知不同的交通信号灯和模式的存在是可能导致更多问题的，因此第二段中带下划线的单词“this”指的是：不同交通信号灯和模式的存在，故选C。
19．【C】主旨大意题。文章第三段讲到“Red is the clur with the lngest wavelength; that means that as it travels thrugh air mlecules, it gets diffused(扩散)less than ther clur, s it can be seen frm a greater distance. Yellw has a shrter wavelength than red but a lnger wavelength than green. This means that red is visible the furthest away, yellw in the middle and green the least distance away—a helpful advanced warning fr needing t slw r stp. But this culd be a cincidence.Red meaning stp riginated with train warning lights, and it’s nt clear whether that was chsen based n wavelength, cntrast against green nature r natural assciatin f red with things like bld. It culd be a cmbinatin f all three!(红色是波长最长的颜色;这意味着，当它在空气分子中传播时，它比其他颜色的颜色扩散得更小，因此可以从更远的地方看到。黄色的波长比红色短，但比绿色长。这意味着红色在最远的地方可见，黄色在中间，绿色在距离最小的地方可见——这是一个有用的需要减速或停车的提前警告。但这可能是个巧合。红色意味着停车起源于火车警示灯，目前尚不清楚这是基于波长、与绿色的对比，还是红色与血液等物质的自然联系。这可能是三者的结合！)”可知，本段主要讲述选择红色作为停止信号的原因，故选C。
20．【D】细节理解题。文章最后一段讲到“Back in the 1900s, sme stp signs were yellw because it was t hard t see a red sign in a prly lit area. (早在20世纪，一些停车标志是黄色的，因为在光线不好的地方很难看到红色标志)”可知红色的信号灯在昏暗的地方很难看到，故选D。
新高考卷
全国卷
2022
2021
2022
2021
卷I
卷II
卷I
卷II
乙卷
甲卷
乙卷
甲卷
细节理解题
6
7
8
8
8
8
6
5
推理判断题
7
5
5
5
5
3
6
8
词义猜测题
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
主旨大意题
1
1
1
1
1
3
2
1