高考英语三轮冲刺查补易混易错点02 阅读理解之推断题（含解析）

这是一份高考英语三轮冲刺查补易混易错点02 阅读理解之推断题（含解析），共25页。试卷主要包含了一般不用表示绝对概念的词，如等内容，欢迎下载使用。
查补易混易错02 阅读理解之推断题


新高考卷
全国卷

2022
2021
2022
2021

卷I
卷II
卷I
卷II
乙卷
甲卷
乙卷
甲卷
细节理解题
6
7
8
8
8
8
6
5
推理判断题
7
5
5
5
5
3
6
8
词义猜测题
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
主旨大意题
1
1
1
1
1
3
2
1


题型特点
推理判断题需要考生根据文章的字面意思，通过对语篇逻辑关系和细节暗示的分析，做出一定的推理和判断，从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义。解答该类题目时一定要从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，同时借助一定的生活常识，切忌脱离原文主观臆断。
正确选项特征
1.“立足原文，只推一步”根据原文内容，一步即可推得。
2.一般不用表示绝对概念的词，如：only,never,all,　absolutely等；会用一些意义相对宽泛、有余地的词，如：often,usually,sometimes,some,may,might,can,could,possibly,probably等。
干扰选项特征
1.选项的内容是原文信息的简单重复。
2.选项的内容虽在文中提到，但片面或不完整，甚至推理过头，引申过度。
3.选项的内容符合常识，但无法由原文推断得出此结论。
4.原文中作者只是客观地陈述事实，并未作出评论，干扰项内容加入了主观臆断。
常见设问方式
考查角度
(l)What can we infer about…? (2)What does the author indicate/suggest/imply in…?
推断隐含意义
(1) What's the purpose of the passage? (3)What's the function of the first paragraph?
(2)What was the author's initial purpose of.…? (4)Why does the author mention…?
推断写作意图
(l)What's the writer's/×'s attitude towards…? (3)How does the author feel about…?
(2)What's the author's/×'s opinion on/about…? (4)Which word best describes the author's
attitude to.…?
推断观点态度
(1)From which is the text probably taken? (3)In which section of a newspaper may this
(2)Where is this text most likely from? text appear?
推断文章出处
(1) What will most probably be talked about in the (2)What would the next paragraph most
next paragraph of the passage? probably deal with?
推断段落发展

方法1 针对特定细节信息进行推理
此类试题要求考生根据语篇中具体的内容和信息点，推断出文章中具体的细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。解答此类试题时，一般可根据短文所提供的某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断。考生只要正确把握文章的内在关系，根据文章中的关键信息进行推断就可以作出正确的判断。
【全国Ⅱ 2020·D】] I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.
32. Which word best describes the author's relationship with books as a child?
A.Cooperative. B. Uneasy. D. Casual. C. Inseparable.
【解析】根据本段第三句… reading up to three books a day as a child..以及第四句 Stories were like air to me..可知,孩童时期的作者和书是形影不离的。 cooperative意为“合作的”; uneasy意为“不自在的”; inseparable意为“不可分离的;亲密无间的”; casual意为“漫不经心的;随便的”。故选C项。
方法2 整合全文(段)信息进行推断
做推理判断题时，有时需要在弄懂全文或全段意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的信息，提取出来加以推理判断，从而确定最佳答案。
【全国Ⅱ 2020·C】 Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. "It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year, "says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.
28. What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?
A. To promote guilt-free fur. B. To expand the fashion market.
C. To introduce a new brand. D. To celebrate a winter holiday.
【解析】由题干中的 New Orleans and Brooklyn可定位至原文第二段。根据本段可知,在新奥尔良与布鲁克林举办这些不同寻常的时装秀的目的是让人们在重新穿上由海狸鼠毛皮制成的衣物的同时不会产生罪恶感,即为了宣传“零罪恶感”的海狸鼠毛皮。故选A项。
方法3 根据文章的结论推断作者或文中人物的态度及意图
作者或文中人物的态度、倾向是指其对自己或他人陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是中立，对叙述或描写的人、物或事件等是赞颂、同情、冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨。这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的结论中，或流露于修饰性的词语中。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中总结全文的措辞，尤其是带有感情色彩的形容词。常见的表达态度的词语有:
(1)、表示积极态度的词： support((支持), supportive(支持的), approve((赞成), approving((赞同的),for(支持), in favor of(支持), optimistic((乐观的), positive((积极的), pleasant((愉快的), humorous((幽默的), confident((自信的), impressive((令人钦佩的), praise((赞扬)等。
(2)、表示消极态度的词：disgusted((厌恶的), critical(批评的), negative((否定的), doubtful(怀疑的), disappointed(失望的), pessimistic((悲观的), opposed((反对的)等。
(3)、表示中立的词： objective((客观的), factual((事实的),neutral((中立的), impartial((不偏不倚的)等。
有些文章的写作意图比较明确，如议论文、说明文，此类文体应关注主题句。而有些文章的写作意图需要考生去体会，这种情况多出现在记叙文中，此类文章通常先叙述，然后发表看法。
【全国I 2020·C】Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely
contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.(首段)
31. Which word best describes the author's attitude to race walking?
A. Skeptical. B. Objective. C.Tolerant. D. Conservative.
【解析】通读首段可知,作者在本文中主要阐述了竞走的好处(Race walking shares many fitness benefits with
running)及其存在的问题( It does, however, have its own problem.)，提及正反两方面，由此可推知，作者的态度是客观的。故选B项。
方法4 结合文章关键信息和常识推测文章的来源或者推测阅读对象
此类题目要求考生具备一定的常识，这样才能把文章的内容与自己已经具备的常识结合起来作出准确的推断。比如考生要对报告、报纸、杂志、网络、小说、广告、说明书、旅游指南、药品说明、操作指南等有基本的了解，这样才能根据文章的特点对号入座，选出最佳答案。
【浙江2020年1月·A】 I never knew anyone who' d grownup in Jackson without being afraid of Mrs. Calloway, our librarian. She ran Jackson's Carnegie Library absolutely by herself. SILENCE in big black letters was on signs hung everywhere. If she thought you were dressed improperly, she sent you straight back home to change your clothes. I was willing; I would do anything to read....
My mother shared this feeling of mine. Now, I think of her as reading so much of the time while doing something else. I remember her reading a magazine while taking the part of the Wolf in a game of "Little Red Riding Hood"with my brother's two daughters. She'd just look up at the right time, long enough to answer-in character-"The better to eat you with, my dear," and go back to her place in the magazine article.
23. Where is the text probably from?
A. A guidebook. B. An autobiography. C. A news report. D. A book review.
【解析】通读全文可知,本文是作者在回忆自己童年时在图书馆阅读的经历，所以本文最可能出自一部自传。故选B项。

（一）
（2022年·全国新高考I卷真题）Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away — from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time — but for him, it's more like 12 bones of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D．C．, which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says.
1．What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?
A．We pay little attention to food waste. B．We waste food unintentionally at times.
C．We waste more vegetables than meat. D．We have good reasons for wasting food.
2．What is a consequence of food waste according to the test?
A．Moral decline. B．Environmental harm.
C．Energy shortage. D．Worldwide starvation.
3．What does Curtin’s company do?
A．It produces kitchen equipment. B．It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C．It helps local farmers grow fruits. D．It makes meals out of unwanted food.
4．What does Curtin suggest people do?
A．Buy only what is needed. B．Reduce food consumption.
C．Go shopping once a week. D．Eat in restaurants less often.
【参考答案】
1．B    2．B    3．D    4．A
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们日常生活中的食物浪费现象以及华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官科廷为解决食物浪费而采取的努力。
【详情解析】
1．【B】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste.(像我们大多数人一样，我努力关注那些被浪费的食物)”及“But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.(但随着时间的推移，芝麻菜变坏了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地买了太多东西；我扔掉的东西可以做六份沙拉)”可推知，作者想通过讲述芝麻菜的故事来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物。故选B项。
2．【B】细节理解题。根据第三段“Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other, resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”(生产没人吃的食物会浪费用于种植食物的水、燃料和其他资源。这使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题。事实上，罗伊特写道，“如果食物浪费是一个国家，它将是世界上第三大温室气体排放国。”)”可知，浪费食物的一个后果是对环境的危害。故选B项。
3．【D】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington. D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce, that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.(科廷是华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官，该公司把食物复原，变成健康的食物。去年，该组织通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品，收回了超过807500磅的食物，否则这些农产品就会在地里腐烂。草莓呢？志愿者们将清洗、切割、冷冻或干燥它们，以便在路上的餐食中使用)”可知，科廷的公司用人们不想要的食物重新制作食物。故选D项。
4．【A】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的““Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says.(“每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用，无论是在每周的购物中不购买不必要的食物，还是要求餐馆不包括你不吃的配菜，”科廷说)”可知，科廷建议人们只买需要的东西来避免浪费食物。故选A项。
（二）
（2022年·全国新高考II卷真题）As we age, even if we’re healthy, the heart just isn’t as efficient in processing oxygen as it used to be. In most people the first signs show up in their 50s or early 60s. And among people who don’t exercise, the changes can start even sooner.
“Think of a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken,” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University of Texas. That’s what happens to the heart. Fortunately for those in midlife, Levine is finding that even if you haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart.
Levine and his research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64 who did not exercise much but were otherwise healthy. Participants were randomly divided into two groups. The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic (无氧) exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. After two years, the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.
“We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30-or 35-year-old hearts,” says Levine. “And the reason they got so much stronger and fitter was that their hearts could now fill a lot better and pump (泵送) a lot more blood during exercise.” But the hearts of those who participated in less intense exercise didn’t change, he says.
“The sweet spot in life to start exercising, if you haven’t already, is in late middle age when the heart still has flexibility,” Levine says. “We put healthy 70-year-olds through a yearlong exercise training program, and nothing happened to them at all.”
Dr. Nieca Goldberg, a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association, says Levine’s findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.
5．What does Levine want to explain by mentioning the rubber band?
A．The right way of exercising. B．The causes of a heart attack.
C．The difficulty of keeping fit. D．The aging process of the heart.
6．In which aspect were the two groups different in terms of research design?
A．Diet plan. B．Professional background.
C．Exercise type. D．Previous physical condition.
7．What does Levine’s research find?
A．Middle-aged hearts get younger with aerobic exercise.
B．High-intensity exercise is more suitable for the young.
C．It is never too late for people to start taking exercise.
D．The more exercise we do, the stronger our hearts get.
8．What does Dr. Nieca Goldberg suggest?
A．Making use of the findings. B．Interviewing the study participants.
C．Conducting further research. D．Clarifying the purpose of the study.
【参考答案】
5．D    6．C    7．A    8．C
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是锻炼对于心脏的好处。
【详情解析】
5．【D】推理判断题。根据第二段的““Think of a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken,” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University of Texas. That’s what happens to the heart.(“想想橡皮筋。一开始，它是灵活的，但把它放在抽屉里20年，它就会变得干燥，很容易破碎，”德克萨斯大学的心脏专家本·莱文博士说。这就是心脏的变化。)”可知，莱文想通过提到橡皮筋来解释心脏的老化过程，故选D。
6．【C】推理判断题。根据第三段的“The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week.(第一组每周参加三次非有氧运动——平衡训练和重量训练。第二组在教练的指导下每周进行4天或更多的高强度有氧运动。)”可知，两组在研究设计上的不同在于运动类型的不同，故选C。
7．【A】细节理解题。根据第三段的“The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. After two years, the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.(第二组在教练的指导下每周进行4天或更多的高强度有氧运动。两年后，第二组的心脏健康状况有了显著改善。)”和第四段的““We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30-or 35-year-old hearts,” says Levine.(莱文说:“我们把这些50岁的心脏的时钟拨回30或35岁的心脏。”)”可知，莱文的研究发现了通过有氧运动，中年人的心脏会变得更年轻，故选A。
8．【C】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.(但这项研究的规模很小，需要在更大的人群中重复进行，以确定日常锻炼的哪些方面会产生最大的影响。)”可知，妮卡·戈德堡博士建议进行进一步的研究。故选C。
（三）
（2022年·浙江6月高考真题）Many people believe that working to the maximum is the secret to success, but research has found that moderation(适度) also gets results on the job.
In a study led by Ellen Langer of Harvard University, researchers asked people to translate sentences into a new a made-up language. Subjects who practiced the language moderately beforehand made fewer errors than those who practiced extensively or not at all. High levels of knowledge can make people too attached to traditional ways of viewing problems across fields the arts, sciences, and politics. High conscientiousness is related to lower job performance, especially in simple jobs where it doesn’t pay to be a perfectionist.
How long we stay on the clock and how we spend that time are under careful examination in many workplaces. The young banker who eats lunch at his desk is probably seen as a go-getter, while his colleagues who chat over a relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the corner office. “People from cultures that value relationships more than ours does are shocked by the thought of eating alone in front of a computer”, says Art Markman, a professor of psychology at the University of Texas, Austin. Social interaction has been shown to lift mood(情绪) and get people thinking in new directions and in ways that could help improve any post-lunch effort.
Markman also promotes off-task time. “Part of being a good thinker is experiencing things that are seemingly unrelated to what you are working on at the moment but give you fresh ideas about your work,” he says. “Also, there is a lot of research showing that a positive mood leads to higher levels of productivity and creativity. So, when people do things to increase their life satisfaction, they also make themselves more effective at work.”
9．What does Ellen Langer’s study show?
A．It is worthwhile to be a perfectionist B．Translation makes people knowledgeable.
C．Simpler jobs require greater caution. D．Moderate effort produces the best result.
10．The underlined word “go-getter” in paragraph 3 refers to someone Who_______.
A．is good at handling pressure B．works hard to become successful
C．a has a natural talent for his job. D．gets on well with his co-workers
11．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．A good thinker is able to inspire other people. B．Experience unrelated to your job is useless.
C．A cheerful mood helps make a creative mind. D．Focusing on what you do raises productivity.
12．What does the text seem to advocate?
A．Middle-of-the-road work habits. B．Balance between work and family.
C．Long-standing cultural traditions. D．Harmony in the work environment.
【参考答案】
9．D    10．B    11．C    12．A
【语篇解读】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了许多人认为工作到最大限度是成功的秘诀，但研究发现，适度的工作也会带来成果。所以要适度工作，工作时要有积极的情绪，这会让自己在工作中更有效率。
【详情解析】
9．【D】推理判断题。根据第一段“Many people believe that working to the maximum is the secret to success, but research has found that moderation(适度) also gets results on the job.(许多人认为工作到最大限度是成功的秘诀，但研究发现，适度的工作也会带来成果。)”和第二段中“In a study led by Ellen Langer of Harvard University, researchers asked people to translate sentences into a new a made-up language. Subjects who practiced the language moderately beforehand made fewer errors than those who practiced extensively or not at all.(在哈佛大学Ellen Langer领导的一项研究中，研究人员要求人们将句子翻译成一种新的虚构的语言。那些事先适度练习这门语言的受试者比那些全力练习或根本不练习的受试者犯的错误要少。)”可知，第一段提出主题，即适度的工作也会带来成果，接着第二段作者用Ellen Langer的研究来证明这一点，由此可推知，Ellen Langer的研究表明适度的努力会产生最好的结果。故选D。
10．【B】词句猜测题。根据划线单词下文“while his colleagues who chat over a relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the corner office.(而他那些在会议室吃饭时闲聊的同事们则在角落办公室里得到不屑的目光。)”可知，while前后是对比关系，那些在会议室吃饭时闲聊的同事会得到别人不屑的目光，即被认为不努力工作，相反，那些在办公桌前吃午饭的年轻银行家可能被视为是一个努力工作以求成功的人，由此可知，划线单词go-getter，指的是那些努力工作以求成功的人，故选B。
11．【C】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Also, there is a lot of research showing that a positive mood leads to higher levels of productivity and creativity.(此外，许多研究表明，积极的情绪能够提高生产力和创造力。 )”可知，积极的情绪能够提高生产力和创造力，由此可推知，愉快的心情有助于创造性思维。故选C。
12．【A】推理判断题。根据第一段中“but research has found that moderation(适度) also gets results on the job.(但研究发现，适度的工作也会带来成果)”和第二段中“High conscientiousness is related to lower job performance, especially in simple jobs where it doesn’t pay to be a perfectionist.(高尽责性与低工作表现有关，尤其是在简单的工作中，追求完美并不值得。)”可知，文章主要介绍研究表明适度的工作也会带来成果，所以文章提倡适度工作，即中庸的工作习惯。故选A。
（四）
（2023届福建省福州市高三下学期毕业班第二次质量检测）In August, Jason M. Allen’s piece “Theatre D’opéra Spatial”-which he created with Al image generator Midjourney -won first place in the emerging artist division’s “digital arts photography” category at the Colorado State Fair Fine Arts Competition. The definition for the category states that digital art refers to works that use “digital technology as part of the creative process”.
Allen’s award-winning image has led to debates about what, exactly, it means to be an artist and whether AI can truly make art. “It felt bad for the exact same reason we don’t let robots participate in the Olympics, “ one Twitter user wrote. ”This is the literal definition of ‘pressed a few buttons to make a digital art piece’, “ another tweeted.
Yet while Allen didn’t use a paintbrush, there was plenty of work involved, he said. First, he played around with phrasing that led Midjourney to generate images of women in elegant dresses and space helmets, in an attempt to mix Victorian-style costuming with space themes. Over time, with many slight changes to his written prompt (提示符), he created 900 different versions of what led to his final image. Then he improved its resolution through Gigapixel AI and finally had the images printed.
Allen is glad the debate over whether AI can be used to make art is attracting so much attention. “Rather than hating on the technology, we need to recognize that it’s a powerful tool and use it for good so we can all move forward, ” Allen said.
Cal Duran, one of the judges for the competition, said that while Allen’s piece included a mention of AI, he didn’t realize that when judging it. Still, he sticks by his decision to award it first place. “I think the AI technology may give more opportunities to people who may not find themselves artists in the conventional way, ” he said.
13．Why has Jason’s work led to debates?
A．It was a copy of a photograph. B．He challenged the older artists.
C．It was created with the help of AI. D．He broke the rule of the competition.
14．What can best describe Allen’s creating process?
A．Cooperative. B．Energy-consuming. C．Straightforward. D．Imagination-lacking.
15．What can we learn about AI from the last paragraph?
A．It is a double-edged sword. B．It attracts conventional artists.
C．It strikes art judges as no surprise. D．It may open a new world to artists.
16．What is the text mainly about?
A．A trend to be AI artists. B．An AI-generated art contest.
C．Responses to a winning AI artwork. D．Curiosity about an image generator.
【参考答案】
13．C    14．A    15．D    16．C
【语篇解读】
这是一篇议论文。呈现在人工智能帮助下获奖艺术作品的出现引发的辩论。
【详情解析】
13．【C】推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Allen’s award-winning image has led to debates about what, exactly, it means to be an artist and whether AI can truly make art. (艾伦获奖的形象引发了关于成为艺术家到底意味着什么，以及人工智能能否真正创造艺术的争论。)”可推测，人们争论的点是艺术家意味着什么，以及人工智能能否创造艺术，即他的艺术获奖作品是在人工智能的帮助下完成的这件事情导致了争论。故选C项。
14．【A】推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“First, he played around with phrasing that led Midjourney to generate images of women in elegant dresses and space helmets, in an attempt to mix Victorian-style costuming with space themes. (首先，他反复琢磨措辞，使Midtravel产生了穿着优雅礼服和太空头盔的女性形象，试图将维多利亚风格的服装与太空主题相结合。)”以及最后一句“Then he improved its resolution through Gigapixel AI and finally had the images printed. (然后，他通过Gigapixel AI提高了分辨率，最终打印出了图像。)”可以看出，他的作品是通过他和两种人工智能一起合作而成，即cooperative“合作的，协作的”。故选A项。
15．【D】推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Still, he sticks by his decision to award it first place. “I think the AI technology may give more opportunities to people who may not find themselves artists in the conventional way, ” he said. (尽管如此，他还是坚持自己的决定，将其评为第一名。他说：“我认为人工智能技术可能会给那些可能不会以传统方式成为艺术家的人更多机会。”)”可推测，在这位评委看来，人工智能给艺术和艺术家提供了更多机会，换言之，可能打开艺术新世界的大门。故选D项。
16．【C】主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句“Allen’s award-winning image has led to debates about what, exactly, it means to be an artist and whether AI can truly make art. (艾伦获奖的形象引发了关于成为艺术家到底意味着什么，以及人工智能能否真正创造艺术的争论。)”；第四段第一句“Allen is glad the debate over whether AI can be used to make art is attracting so much attention. (艾伦很高兴关于人工智能是否可以用来制造艺术的争论吸引了如此多的关注。)”以及最后一段最后一句“Still, he sticks by his decision to award it first place. “I think the AI technology may give more opportunities to people who may not find themselves artists in the conventional way, ” he said. (尽管如此，他还是坚持自己的决定，将其评为第一名。他说：“我认为人工智能技术可能会给那些可能不会以传统方式成为艺术家的人更多机会。”)”可知，本文主要呈现的是这幅在人工智能帮助下完成的艺术作品获奖后，引起的的辩论，即不同人对此不同的回应。故选C项。
（五）
（2023届湖北省·华中师范大学第一附属中学高三第二次学业质量评价检测）You might have heard someone say that a song changed their life. And maybe you used to hate tomatoes, but now you like it. No one doubts that we change as we grow older. But do we change in major ways? Can we really change who we are? People used to believe we stay pretty much the same throughout our lives, but researchers are increasingly finding that we can and do change in big ways.
Psychologists have identified five dimensions that help us understand someone’s personality, which are called the “Big Five.” They are: 1. Openness: How open are you to trying new things? 2. Conscientiousness (尽责性): How responsible are you? 3. Extroversion (外向):How friendly, outgoing, and enthusiastic are you? 4. Agreeableness: How caring, trusting, and generous are you? 5. Emotional stability: How calm are you, especially when problems arise? Everyone has different levels of the big five dimensions. For example, Harry Potter has high levels of openness to experience, while Hermione Granger would score high in conscientiousness.
Scientists used to think that each person’s “Big Five” stayed the same their whole life, but newer research suggests that the dimensions do change. People who took a personality test as teen-agers scored very differently when they took the same test 50 years later. Three dimensions usually changed more than the others, which are emotional stability, conscientiousness, and agreeableness. In fact, most adults were more emotionally stable, more conscientious, and more agreeable than when they were younger. Researchers considered this a sign that we mature over time, perhaps learning to get along better with others.
Even though people change over time, the relationship between dimensions often remains similar. For example, someone who was very open to new experiences but who was not agreeable as a teenager was likely still more open to new things than agreeable as an adult. Scores changed, and sometimes changed a lot, but they didn’t change randomly.
17．Why does the author mention Harry Potter and Hermione Granger in Paragraph 2?
A．To identify the impact of the big five dimensions.
B．To stress the value of openness and responsibility.
C．To analyze some main characters in popular fiction.
D．To illustrate various degrees of personality dimensions.
18．Which of the following is the most likely result of people’s aging?
A．Becoming more hot-tempered. B．Becoming more considerate.
C．Becoming less responsible. D．Becoming less generous.
19．What does the last paragraph suggest about one’s personality dimensions?
A．Personality dimensions change accidentally. B．One is likely to be more open than agreeable.
C．Relationship between dimensions stays unchanged. D．Changes in personality dimensions follow some pattern.
20．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．The Effects of Changing. B．What Are the “Big Five”?
C．Do People Really Change? D．Personality Dimensions Matter.
【参考答案】
17．D    18．B    19．D    20．C
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是研究发现人可以而且确实可以在很大程度上发生改变，并且分析了发生改变的原因。
【详情解析】
17．【D】推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Everyone has different levels of the big five dimensions. For example, Harry Potter has high levels of openness to experience, while Hermione Granger would score high in conscientiousness.(每个人对五大维度都有不同层次。例如，哈利波特对经验的开放程度很高，而赫敏格兰杰在责任心方面得分很高。)”可知，作者列举哈利波特说明其开放程度，而列举赫敏格兰杰是为了阐明其责任心较高，由此可知，列举这两人是为了说明人们拥有不同程度的五大维度。故选D项。
18．【B】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In fact, most adults were more emotionally stable, more conscientious, and more agreeable than when they were younger. Researchers considered this a sign that we mature over time, perhaps learning to get along better with others.(事实上，大多数成年人比年轻时情绪更稳定，更认真，更和蔼可亲。研究人员认为这是一个迹象，表明我们随着时间的推移而成熟，也许学会与他人相处得更好。)”可知，研究发现成年人比年轻时情感上更稳定，更随和，这是一个人成熟的标志，由此可推断，一个人变老的结果可能是变得更体贴周到。故选B项。
19．【D】推理判断题。根据尾段中的“Even though people change over time, the relationship between dimensions often remains similar.(尽管人们会随着时间的推移而变化，但维度之间的关系往往保持相似。)”以及尾句“Scores changed, and sometimes changed a lot, but they didn’t change randomly.(分数变化很大，有时变化很大，但它们不是随机变化的。)”可知，人变了，但维度之间的关系相似，得分变了，甚至变化很大，但不是随机变化，也就是说，这些变化是按照一定的模式而变的。故选D项。
20．【C】主旨大意题。根据首段中的“Can we really change who we are? People used to believe we stay pretty much the same throughout our lives, but researchers are increasingly finding that we can and do change in big ways.(我们真的能改变我们是谁吗？人们曾经认为我们一生都保持不变，但研究人员越来越多地发现，我们可以并且确实会做出重大改变。)”可知，作者通过提问“人真的会变吗”引出本文的话题，并引用研究者的发现证实，人可以而且确实可以变化，并从下文开始围绕该主题进一步来分析人变化的原因，所以题目是“人真的会变吗”符合文章主题。故选C项。
（六）
（湖南省长沙县、望城区、浏阳市、宁乡市平江县2022-2023学年高三3月调研考试）A growing number of Americans are turning gas-powered vehicles into electric ones by using a process called an electric power train conversion. Such conversions are becoming more popular as battery technology gets better and the world turns toward cleaner energy sources.
Kevin Erickson owns a 1972 Plymouth Satellite that he renamed “Electrollite” after conversion. Now, the car can go from a still position to 97 kilometers per hour in about three seconds. Its top speed is almost 250 kilometers per hour.
Jonathan Klinger is vice president of car culture for Hagerty Insurance. He said converting classic cars into EVs is “definitely a trend”, although research on the activity is limited. In May, the Michigan-based company did a web-based study of about 25,000 automobile lovers. The top three reasons for converting the vehicles were for better performance, for a fun project, and because of environmental concerns. He doesn’t think electric motors will replace all gas engines. Some car lovers want to keep the sound of older cars' original engines. Electric conversions require special knowledge to complete. They also involve many difficulties like safety concerns. And then there is the price.
Sean Moudry, who co-owns Inspire EV, a small conversion business near Denver, recently worked on a 1965 Ford Mustang. The year-and-a-half-long project cost more than $100,000. Moudry and his partners replaced the gas engine with a motor from a crashed Tesla Model S. He says many people don’t have the resources necessary to carry out this kind of project. As a result, he says, it will take 20 years for electric conversions to become common.
But that reality could be coming sooner than expected, says Mike Spagnola, president and CEO of the Specialty Equipment Market Association (SEMA), a trade group. He said that electric vehicle products took about 1950 square meters of marketing space at SEMA's yearly show in Las Vegas this fall. That was up from only 232 square meters at the 2021 show.
I’m John Russell.
21．In which aspect do electric vehicles benefit from the conversion?
A．Performing better. B．Cleaning energy sources.
C．Maintaining speed. D．Bettering battery technology.
22．How many factors contribute to gas-powered vehicles not being replaced according to Klinger?
A．3. B．4. C．5. D．6.
23．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A．Selling an old car. B．Buying a gas-powered vehicle.
C．Doing a web-based study. D．Converting a car to an electric one.
24．What can we know about the writer of the passage?
A．He loves classic cars. B．He repairs old cars.
C．He is a broadcaster. D．He is good at engineering.
【参考答案】
21．A    22．B    23．D    24．C
【语篇解读】
这是一篇报道。文章介绍了目前将老式汽车改造成为电动汽车这一项目，包括在改造过程中遇到的问题以及未来的趋势等。
【详情解析】
21．【A】细节理解题。第三段提到“The top three reasons for converting the vehicles were for better performance, for a fun project, and because of environmental concerns. ”（改装汽车的前三个原因是为了更好的性能，为了一个有趣的项目，以及因为环境问题。）由此判断，汽车改装的好处是可以获得更好的性能。故选A。
22．【B】细节理解题。第三段最后几句提到“Some car lovers want to keep the sound of older cars' original engines.  Electric conversions require special knowledge to complete.  They also involve many difficulties like safety concerns.  And then there is the price.”（他认为电动机不会取代所有的燃气发动机。一些爱车人士希望保留老式汽车原始引擎的声音。电气转换需要特殊知识才能完成。它们还涉及许多困难，如安全问题。然后是价格问题。）由此判断，在改造成电车方面，因为想要保留汽车引擎声音、需要特殊知识、安全问题和价格问题都是汽油车没有被完全取代的原因，共4种。故选B。
23．【D】词义猜测题。前文提到“Sean Moudry, who co-owns Inspire EV, a small conversion business near Denver, recently worked on a 1965 Ford Mustang.  The year-and-a-half-long project cost more than $100,000.”（肖恩·莫德里(Sean Moudry)是丹佛附近一家小型改装公司Inspire EV的合伙人，他最近在改装一辆1965年的福特野马(Ford Mustang)。这个长达一年半的项目耗资超过10万美元。）由此判断，将汽油车改造成电车的项目耗时长、花费多，因此这个项目不适合大部分人。结合指代关系可知，this kind of project指的就是上文提到的“汽油车改造成电车的项目”。故选D。
24．【C】推理判断题。文章第一段介绍了美国人正在使用一种称为电力传动系统转换的过程，将汽油动力汽车变成电动汽车的项目，文中分别介绍了三个相关例子，文章结尾提到了另外一个人名，由此判断，这是一篇新闻报道，作者应该是一位新闻播报员。故选C。
（七）
（2023届辽宁省沈阳市高三教学质量监测）A few days before Christmas 1944, Patricia Krueger received a telegram from the U.S. Army. She hoped it would contain a belated birthday greeting from her husband, an army flight engineer, Charles Krueger, whom she had not heard from for 2 weeks. Instead, the message said he wasn’t coming home: His B-29 had been lost over Mukden and he was later declared MIA (missing in action). Their son, John Krueger of Middleton, Wisconsin, now 78, still tears up when he recounts this story.
Decades later, the military continues to work to bring back the remains of soldiers like Charles Krueger. The job of finding them falls to DPAA (Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency), created in 2015 after critics charged that the previous MIA search process was slow, and behind on innovations in science and technology. Between 1973 and 2014, the remains of only 1849 missing service members were returned to their families; in 2021, the agency accounted for the remains of 141 MIAs, according to DPAA figures.
To accelerate the work, Congress gave DPAA the authority to develop public-private partnerships with scientists and groups outside government. “Teaming up with academic scientists introduces new ways of thinking,” says military historian Michael Dolski. “Working with partners allows us to tap into their technologies and capabilities in ways that we just can’t maintain.”
For scientists, the work is more than technically satisfying. “It’s the most rewarding aspect of my career,” says Mires, a scientist working with the agency. “In other archaeology sites I’ve worked on, the history is remote,” he says. “Here, you’re searching something not for a thing, but for a person, and all the people they touched.”
25．What was the telegram about in paragraph 1?
A．A Christmas dinner. B．Charles Krueger’s loss.
C．A birthday greeting. D．John Krueger’s memory.
26．Why did people criticize the previous MIA search process?
A．Because DPAA wants to continue the search. B．Because it took long and lacked creativeness.
C．Because the work was stopped by the military. D．Because 141 MIAs’ remains was found in 2021.
27．What is Michael Dolski’s attitude to the cooperation with scientists and groups?
A．Patient. B．Critical. C．Doubtful. D．Approving.
28．What is a suitable title for the text?
A．A long search for MIAs. B．Achievements of DPAA．
C．Assistance from science. D．Consequences of wars.
【参考答案】
25．B    26．B    27．D    28．A
【语篇解读】
这是一篇新闻报道。短文介绍了在对在战斗中失踪人员搜索的努力。
【详情解析】
25．【B】细节理解题。根据第一段“Instead, the message said he wasn’t coming home: His B-29 had been lost over Mukden and he was later declared MIA (missing in action).”（相反，这条消息说他不会回家了：他的B-29在Mukden上空失踪了，后来他被宣布为MIA）可知，第一段的电报是关于Charles Krueger的失踪。故选B项。
26．【B】细节理解题。根据第二段“The job of finding them falls to DPAA (Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency), created in 2015 after critics charged that the previous MIA search process was slow, and behind on innovations in science and technology.”（寻找他们的工作落在了DPAA(国防战俘/失踪人员会计机构)身上，该机构成立于2015年，此前批评人士指责之前的失踪人员搜寻过程缓慢，缺乏科学技术创新）可知，人们批评之前的MIA搜索过程是因为需要的时间长，而且缺乏创造性。故选B项。
27．【D】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““Teaming up with academic scientists introduces new ways of thinking,” says military historian Michael Dolski. “Working with partners allows us to tap into their technologies and capabilities in ways that we just can’t maintain.”（ “与学术科学家合作引入了新的思维方式。”“与合作伙伴合作使我们能够以我们无法维持的方式利用他们的技术和能力。”）推知，迈克尔·多尔斯基对与科学家和团体的合作持支持态度。故选D项。
28．【A】主旨大意题。根据第二段“Decades later, the military continues to work to bring back the remains of soldiers like Charles Krueger. The job of finding them falls to DPAA (Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency), created in 2015 after critics charged that the previous MIA search process was slow, and behind on innovations in science and technology.”（几十年后，军方仍在努力找回像查尔斯·克鲁格这样的士兵的遗骸。寻找他们的工作落在了DPAA(国防战俘/失踪人员会计机构)身上，该机构成立于2015年，此前批评人士指责之前的失踪人员搜寻过程缓慢，缺乏科学技术创新。）和倒数第二段“To accelerate the work, Congress gave DPAA the authority to develop public-private partnerships with scientists and groups outside government.”（为了加速这项工作，国会授权DPAA与政府以外的科学家和团体建立公私合作伙伴关系）可知，短文介绍了在对在战斗中失踪人员搜索的努力。故短文的最佳标题为“对行动中失踪人员长期的搜索”。故选A项。
（八）
（2023届河南省郑州市高中毕业年级第二次质量预测英语试题）Six months before she died, my grandmother moved into an old people’s home and I visited her there. The room was clean and warm, and the care assistants were kind and cheerful. A general knowledge quiz show was on the television, and the only other sound was snoring. People moved only when they needed to be helped to the bathroom. It was disappointing. Grandmother talked a lot about how much she missed seeing her grandchildren, but I knew from my sister that they hated going to visit her there.
So I was interested to read a newspaper article about a new concept in old people’s homes in France. The idea is simple, but revolutionary — combining a residential home for the elderly with a nursery school in the same building. The children and the residents eat lunch together and share activities. In the afternoons, the residents enjoy reading or telling stories to the children, and if a child is feeling sad or tired, there is always a kind lap to sit on.
The advantages are huge for everyone concerned. The children are happy, because they get a lot more individual attention. The residents are happy because they feel useful and needed. And the staff are happy because they see an improvement in the physical and psychological health of the residents and have an army of assistants to help with the children.
Nowadays there is less and less contact between the old and the young in an increasing number of countries. There are many reasons for this, including the breakdown of the extended family, working parents with no time to care for ageing relations, families that have moved away, and smaller flats with no room for grandparents. But the result is the same-increasing numbers of children without grandparents and old people who have no contact with children, and more old people who are lonely and feel useless, along with more and more families with young children who desperately need more support. Ifs a major problem in many societies.
That’s why intergenerational programs, designed to bring the old and the young together, are growing in popularity all over the world.
29．What does the underlined word “residents” in paragraph 2 probably refer to?
A．Old people. B．School teachers. C．Assistants. D．Staff.
30．How were the old people at the home the author’s grandmother was in?
A．They felt lonely and useless. B．They weren’t allowed to be visited.
C．They weren’t looked after properly. D．They lived in a dirty and uncomfortable room.
31．What does the author think is a major problem in many societies today?
A．The extended family is broken down.
B．There isn’t much room for grandparents.
C．Working parents have no time to care for their children.
D．There isn’t much contact between the old and the young.
32．What will be probably talked about later in the passage?
A．Advice on how to communicate with children. B．Plans for setting up more homes for old people.
C．Examples of successful intergenerational programs. D．Ways of teaching entertainment skills to old people.
【参考答案】
29．A    30．A    31．D    32．C
【语篇解读】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了养老院的老人总是觉得孤独和不被需要，法国有了一个把老人院和幼儿园结合在一栋楼里的想法，介绍了这一做法的好处。
【详情解析】
29．【A】词句猜测题。根据第二段中“The idea is simple, but revolutionary — combining a residential home for the elderly with a nursery school in the same building. (这个想法很简单，但却是革命性的——在同一栋楼里把养老院和幼儿园结合起来)”以及画线词后文“eat lunch together and share activities”可知，这个想法把老人院和幼儿园结合了起来，让孩子们和老人们一起吃午饭，分享活动。故画线词意思是“老人”。故选A。
30．【A】细节理解题。根据第一段“Grandmother talked a lot about how much she missed seeing her grandchildren, but I knew from my sister that they hated going to visit her there .(祖母经常说她多么想念孙子孙女们，但我从姐姐那里知道，他们不喜欢去那里看她)”以及第三段中“The residents are happy because they feel useful and needed. (老人们很高兴，因为他们觉得自己是有用的和被需要的)”可知，作者祖母住的那所房子里的老人感到孤独和无用。故选A。
31．【D】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Nowadays there is less and less contact between the old and the young in an increasing number of countries. (如今，在越来越多的国家，老年人和年轻人之间的接触越来越少)”可知，作者认为当今社会的主要问题是老年人和年轻人之间没有太多的接触。故选D。
32．【C】推理判断题。根据最后一段“That’s why intergenerational programs, designed to bring the old and the young together, are growing in popularity all over the world. (这就是为什么旨在将老年人和年轻人结合在一起的代际计划在世界各地越来越受欢迎)”可推知，这篇文章后面可能会讨论成功的代际项目的例子。故选C。